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    Application of Differentiation

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    riee
    1. To find the maximum or minimum value of a function, take the derivative and set it equal to 0 to find critical points. Then, take the second derivative to determine if the critical points are maximum or minimum - the second derivative being negative indicates a maximum, and positive indicates a minimum. 2. For functions of two variables f(x,y), take the partial derivatives with respect to x and y, set them equal to 0, and solve the simultaneous equations to find critical points. Then, take the second partial derivatives to determine if the critical points are maximum or minimum. 3. In the example given, the maximum volume of an open top box is found to be 320 by taking the derivative

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    Application of Differentiation

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    riee
    4K views3 pages
    1. To find the maximum or minimum value of a function, take the derivative and set it equal to 0 to find critical points. Then, take the second derivative to determine if the critical points are maximum or minimum - the second derivative being negative indicates a maximum, and positive indicates a minimum. 2. For functions of two variables f(x,y), take the partial derivatives with respect to x and y, set them equal to 0, and solve the simultaneous equations to find critical points. Then, take the second partial derivatives to determine if the critical points are maximum or minimum. 3. In the example given, the maximum volume of an open top box is found to be 320 by taking the derivative

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    1. To find the maximum or minimum value of a function, take the derivative and set it equal to 0 to find critical points. Then, take the second derivative to determine if the critical points are maximum or minimum - the second derivative being negative indicates a maximum, and positive indicates a minimum. 2. For functions of two variables f(x,y), take the partial derivatives with respect to x and y, set them equal to 0, and solve the simultaneous equations to find critical points. Then, take the second partial derivatives to determine if the critical points are maximum or minimum. 3. In the example given, the maximum volume of an open top box is found to be 320 by taking the derivative

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4K views3 pages

    Application of Differentiation

    Uploaded by

    riee
    1. To find the maximum or minimum value of a function, take the derivative and set it equal to 0 to find critical points. Then, take the second derivative to determine if the critical points are maximum or minimum - the second derivative being negative indicates a maximum, and positive indicates a minimum. 2. For functions of two variables f(x,y), take the partial derivatives with respect to x and y, set them equal to 0, and solve the simultaneous equations to find critical points. Then, take the second partial derivatives to determine if the critical points are maximum or minimum. 3. In the example given, the maximum volume of an open top box is found to be 320 by taking the derivative

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    Application of Differentiation

    Topic 6 to find minimum/maximum value


    to find a critical point and determine
    whether the critical point is
    maximum/minimum value for a
    Application of Differentiation
    function
    function f(x)
    function f(x,y)

    1 2

    Minimum/maximum value Minimum/maximum value

    The maximum or minimum area of a Maximum value is determined if


    location or shape can be found using d2 y
    <0
    differentiation dx 2
    The formula for the location or shape Minimum value is determined if
    must be known first before finding
    its maximum/minimum area. d2 y
    >0
    Maximum/minimum value occurs when dx 2
    dy
    =0
    dx 3 4

    Example Example

    Solution: Step 2
    Find differentiation for V = 60x2 – 10x3
    An open top box is to be made as shown in the dV
    above diagram. What is the maximum volume of = 120x - 30x 2
    the box?
    dx
    dV
    Solution: Step 1 Maximum/minimum value occur when =0
    dx
    Formula for volume of a box is 120x – 30x2 = 0
    V=long x width x height x(120 - 30x) = 0
    V=(12-2x)(5x)(x) x = 0 , 120 – 30x =0
    =60x2 – 10x3 120 = 30x
    5 6
    x=4

    1
    Example Example

    Solution: Step 3 Solution: Step 4


    Find differentiation for dV = 120x - 30x 2 Substitute value of x = 4 into V
    dx V = 60x2 – 10x3
    d2 V
    = 120 - 60x
    dx 2
    = 60(4)2 – 10(4)3
    d2 V
    Maximum value occur when dx 2 < 0 =320
    Substitute x = 0, 120 – 0 = 120 > 0 maximum value of the open top box is 320
    Substitute x = 4, 120 – 240 = -120 < 0
    Value of x = 4 make the maximum volume
    for the box
    7 8

    Critical point for a function f(x) Example 1

    function f(x) – one variable Find the critical point and determine
    find value of x by f ’(x) = 0 whether its maximum or minimum
    critical point = (x, f(x)) value for
    Determine the minimum/maximum value y = 2x 2 − 8 x + 9
    of the critical point (refer slide number
    4)

    9 10

    Example 1 Example 2

    a) y = 2x 2 − 8 x + 9 Substitute x = 2 into y Find the critical point and determine whether


    dy 2 its maximum or minimum value for
    = 4x − 8 = 0 y = 2(2) − 8(2) + 9
    f(x) = x3 – 12x + 1
    dx = 2(4) − 16 + 9 Solution:
    4x = 8
    =1 f ’(x) = 3x2 – 12 = 0
    x=2 3x2 = 12
    x2 = 4
    d2 y
    = 4 > 0 (minimum value) x = 2 and -2
    dx 2
    The critical point is (2,1) and it is a minimum value
    11 12

    2
    Example 2 Example 2

    substitute x into f(x) f’’(x) = 6x


    substitute x = 2 and x = -2 into f’’(x)
    x=2, f(x) = 23 – 12(2) + 1 =8- 24 + 1 = -15 x = 2, f’’(2) = 6(2) = 12 > 0 (minimum value)
    x = -2, f’’(-2) = 6(-2) = -12 < 0 (maximum
    value)
    x=-2, f(x) = (-2)3 – 12(-2) + 1 = -8 + 24 + 1 = 17
    so critical points (2,-15) is minimum value
    and (-2,17) is maximum value
    so critical points are (2,-15) and (-2,17)

    13 14

    Critical point for a function Critical point for a function


    f(x,y) f(x,y)
    function f(x,y) – two variables Example: find critical point for
    find partial differentiation for f(x,y) f(x,y) = 2xy - 3x – y - x2 – 3y2
    and assign each partial differentiation d
    f(x, y) = 2y - 3 - 2x = 0.....(1)
    with 0. (forming 2 equations) d(x)
    find value of x and y by solving the Solution:
    d
    equation f(x, y) = 2x - 1 - 6y = 0.....(2)
    d(y)
    critical point = (x, y) (1) + (2) : -4 – 4y = 0
    Determine the maximum/maximum value - 4y = 4
    of the critical point (refer slide number y = -1
    4) 15 16

    Critical point for a function Critical point for a function


    f(x,y) f(x,y)
    substitute y into (1):
    2(-1) – 3 – 2x = 0 d2
    f(x, y) = -2 < 0
    d(x)2
    -2 – 3 – 2x = 0
    d2
    - 2x = 5 f(x, y) = -6 < 0
    5 d(y)2
    x= -
    2 5
    The critical point ( - , -1) is maximum
    5 value 2
    The critical point is ( - ,-1)
    2
    17 18

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