Design For Aesthetics

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11/24/2017

Contents
 Aims
 Visual Information
 Guidelines for Aesthetics

Design of Mechanical Systems


Unit VI

Aesthetics Design for Aesthetics: Aims


 The aesthetic quality of a product is integral to its  Technical products should not only fulfill the required
usefulness because products are used every day and technical functions as defined by the function
have an effect on people and their well-being. structure but also be aesthetically pleasing to their
 Only well-executed objects can be beautiful. users.
 The company image has to be promoted in order to
underline the individuality of its products.
Aesthetics

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Aesthetics Design for Aesthetics: Aims


Industrial design
Aesthetic Guidelines/rules for the external form or shape
Need to handle ergonomic
Important Engineering Art and visual issues in the same
way as Function and safety
• Products aimed at large issues.
Guidelines
markets • Compact
• Used directly by users Involvement of industrial designers from the beginning
• Clear
in their daily lives • Simple
• Unified Continuous collaboration between industrial
Prestige • In line with function Design process designers and engineering designers is required
• Compatible with that proceeds to ensure that the requirements of appearance,
Fashion materials from “outside to expression and impression still allow the
• Compatible with inside” technical functions to be fulfilled within the
production processes.
Lifestyle forms and shapes created.

Aesthetics Aesthetics: Literature Review


 Tjalve illustrates the way in which form and embodiment can be
Engineering Designers Industrial Designers varied. Automatic Teamaker
Tjalve, E.: Systematische Formgebung für
Collaboration Industrieprodukte. Düsseldorf: VDI Verlag 1978.

focus on developing the No Visual variants have to


technical and economic Replacement be proposed and
aspects of the product evaluated

Same methods as used for the engineering design process

• Brainstorming,
Searching for • Stepwise development of variants
aesthetic Methods
through sketches and
solutions
• Systematic variation of configuration,
form and colour. Systematic variation of the structure of an automatic teamaker investigating the
configuration of the water kettle, the tea container and the teapot

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• Purpose
Engineering
• Function
• Construction
structure
Aesthetics • Process
Literature Review • Close link between design for
Production • Assembly ergonomics and design for user-
• Cost friendliness.

Tjalve: Factors which • Packaging


Seeger • Appearance of industrial products is
developed from structure, form, colour
and graphics.
influence each other and Appearance Sales and • Transport
distribution • The impressions experienced by
determine the appearance • Storage
observers are of crucial importance.
of the product • Company image

Use
• Handling
Klöcker • Focuses more on physiological and
psychological aspects
• Ergonomics
• Emphasizes the importance of systematic

Disposal • Recycling
Frick collaboration between industrial and
engineering designers
Seeger, H.: Technisches Design. Grafenau: Expert Verlag 1980
Klöcker, L: Produktgestaltung, Aufgabe – Kriterien – Ausführung. Berlin: Springer 1981
Frick,R.:ErzeugnisqualitätundDesign.Berlin:VerlagTechnik1996.FachmethodikfürDesign
er– Arbeitsmappe. Halle: An-Institut CA & D e.V. 1997

Visual Information Visual Information…


Functional embodiment difficult to change
Technical function
 In the embodiment Functional
and the selected Embodiment
Determine configuration and design phase, the
technical solution,
form and hence the appearance
together with its information Safe Areas
of assemblies and components. Stability
construction Potential
presentation that is Dangers
structure
Dredger required or desired Information
Presentation
should be integrated
Spanner with the functional
Operational
embodiment. procedures
Compactness

Modern or
Striking
Simple functional embodiment Complex functional embodiment appearance
(lever arm and shape of bolt head ) (kinematic requirements, shape of dredging
buckets, power train, location of operator, etc.)

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Information Presentation Areas 1. Market and User Information


Essential information presentation areas and some Market and User Information
related rules (as per Seeger).  It is important to consider the type of user being
 Market and User Information addressed, such as technical expert, prestige seeker,
 Purpose Information nostalgia lover, and the avant-garde.
 Operation Information  In general, the overall appearance should be:
 Manufacturer and Distributor Information  simple, uniform and pure, and it should embody
style
 structured and well-proportioned
 identifiable, definable and approachable.

avant-garde=radically new or original

2. Purpose Information 3. Operation Information


 This should enable the purpose of the product to be The information presentation about the correct
easily recognised and understood. operation and intended use should:
 The outer shape, colouring and graphics should  be centrally located and recognisable, for example
support identification of the functions and the actions control elements should have a function-related layout
involved, such as where a tool should be located and  be ergonomically appropriate, in accordance with the
which parts exert forces. action space of human limbs
 be labelled clearly, for example gripping and stepping
areas
 identify the operational status
 use safety signs and colours

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4. Manufacturer and Distributor


Information Guidelines for Aesthetics
 This information presentation expresses origin or  Information presentation is achieved through specific
house style. and intended expression, and by related structure,
form (shape), colour and graphics.
 It contributes to continuity, confidence in known
 The following recommendations need to be
quality, involvement in the further development of
considered.
successful products, and membership of a group.
1. Select an Expression (Lightness, compactness and
 This can be achieved by easily recognisable and stability)
repeated elements, though the style and expression 2. Structure the Overall Form
can be adapted to current fashions. 3. Unify the Form
4. Support Using Colour
5. Complement with Graphics

Guidelines for Aesthetics: Guidelines for Aesthetics:


1. Select an Expression 2. Structure the Overall Form
Wrong Right
Provide a recognisable Wrong Right  Structure in an
and uniform expression identifiable way, such as
that creates an in a block shape, a tower
impression in the shape, an L-shape, a C-
observer that is in shape, etc.
accordance with the aim;
for example an  Divide into clearly
impression of being distinguishable areas
stable, light and compact. with identical, similar or
adapted form elements.

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Guidelines for Aesthetics: Guidelines for Aesthetics:


3. Unify the Form Wrong Right 3. Unify the Form…
 Minimise variations in  Introduce form elements
form and position; for and alignments Wrong Right
example, use only appropriate to the basic
circular shapes with form selected, for
horizontal orientation example, use the split
lines of assemblies.
along the main axis, or
only rectangular forms  Arrange the form by
bringing several edges to
with vertical orientation. Aim for similar forms and contours
one point or by running
Minimise variations in form
them parallel to one
another.

Guidelines for Aesthetics: Guidelines for Aesthetics:


Unify the Form Wrong Right 4. Support Using Colour
Wrong Right
 Support the intended
expression with form Match colours to form
elements and appropriate
lines, such as horizontal
lines to emphasise length. Reduce colours and material differences

 Keep an eye on the overall


profile. When using several colours,
choose one main colour supported
by complementary colours.
Adjust Lines
For contrast use black and white,
for example use black to contrast
yellow, white to contrast red, green,
blue, etc.

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Guidelines for Aesthetics:


4. Support Using Colour… Examples
Complement with Graphics Wrong Right

Use uniform styles for fonts and


graphic symbols

Unify expression by using the same


processes for the graphics, for example,
etching, painting or embossing

Adjust size, form and colour of the


graphics to the other forms and
colours

Few more examples…

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Dieter Rams Ten Principles of Dieter Rams: Ten Principles for


“Good Design” Good Design
He asked himself the question: is my design good design?
The answer formed is now the celebrated ten principles.
1. Is innovative –Technological development is always
offering new opportunities for original designs. But
imaginative design always develops in tandem with
improving technology, and can never be an end in itself.
2. Makes a product useful – A product is bought to be
Dieter Rams used. It has to satisfy not only functional, but also
Born: 20 May 1932 Coffee Machine 1972
psychological and aesthetic criteria. Good design
emphasizes the usefulness of a product whilst
Record Player 1956 disregarding anything that could detract from it.

Dieter Rams: Ten Principles for Dieter Rams: Ten Principles for
Good Design… Good Design…
3. Is aesthetic – The aesthetic quality of a product is 5. Is unobtrusive – Products fulfilling a purpose are like
integral to its usefulness because products are used tools. They are neither decorative objects nor works of
art. Their design should therefore be both neutral and
every day and have an effect on people and their well- restrained, to leave room for the user's self-expression.
being. Only well-executed objects can be beautiful. 6. Is honest – It does not make a product appear more
4. Makes a product understandable – It clarifies the innovative, powerful or valuable than it really is. It does
product’s structure. Better still, it can make the not attempt to manipulate the consumer with promises
product clearly express its function by making use of that cannot be kept.
the user's intuition. At best, it is self-explanatory. 7. Is long-lasting – It avoids being fashionable and
therefore never appears antiquated. Unlike fashionable
design, it lasts many years – even in today's throwaway
society.

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Dieter Rams: Ten Principles for


Good Design… References
8. Is thorough down to the last detail – Nothing must be  Pahl, G. and W. Beitz, Engineering Design–A
arbitrary or left to chance. Care and accuracy in the Systematic Approach, Springer, 2nd Ed., 1996.
design process show respect towards the consumer.
9. Is environmentally friendly – Design makes an
important contribution to the preservation of the
environment. It conserves resources and minimizes
physical and visual pollution throughout the lifecycle of
the product.
10. Is as little design as possible – Less, but better –
because it concentrates on the essential aspects, and the
products are not burdened with non-essentials. Back to
purity, back to simplicity.

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