C. Difference Between One Way and Two Way ANOVA

Difference Between One Way and Two Way
ANOVA
When it comes to research, in the field of business, economics, psychology,

sociology, biology, etc. the Analysis of Variance, shortly known as ANOVA is an
extremely important tool for analysis of data. It is a technique employed by the
researcher to make a comparison between more than two populations and
help in performing simultaneous tests. There is a two-fold purpose of ANOVA.
In one way ANOVA the researcher takes only one factor.
As against, in the case of two-way ANOVA, the researcher investigates two

factors concurrently. For a layman these two concepts of statistics are synonymous.
However, there is a difference between one-way and two-way ANOVA.
Comparison Chart
BASIS FOR
ONE WAY ANOVA TWO WAY ANOVA
COMPARISON
Meaning One way ANOVA is a hypothesis Two way ANOVA is a statistical

test, used to test the equality of three technique wherein, the
of more population means interaction between factors,
simultaneously using variance. influencing variable can be
studied.
Independent One Two

Variable
Compares Three or more levels of one factor. Effect of multiple level of two
factors.
Number of Need not to be same in each group. Need to be equal in each group.
Observation
Design of Need to satisfy only two principles. All three principles needs to be
experiments satisfied.
Definition of One-Way ANOVA
One way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a hypothesis test in which only one
categorical variable or single factor is considered. It is a technique which enables
us to make a comparison of means of three or more samples with the help of F-
distribution. It is used to find out the difference among its different categories
having several possible values.
The null hypothesis (H0) is the equality in all population means, while alternative
hypothesis (H1) will be the difference in at least one mean.
One way ANOVA is based on the following assumptions:
 Normal distribution of the population from which the samples are drawn.
 Measurement of the dependent variable is at interval or ratio level.
 Two or more than two categorical independent groups in an independent
variable.
 Independence of samples
 Homogeneity of the variance of the population.
Definition of Two-Way ANOVA
Two-way ANOVA as its name signifies, is a hypothesis test wherein the

classification of data is based on two factors. For instance, the two bases of
classification for the sales made by the firm is first on the basis of sales by the
different salesman and second by sales in the various regions. It is a statistical
technique used by the researcher to compare several levels (condition) of the two
independent variables involving multiple observations at each level.
Two-way ANOVA examines the effect of the two factors on the continuous
dependent variable. It also studies the inter-relationship between independent
variables influencing the values of the dependent variable, if any.
Assumptions of two-way ANOVA:
 Normal distribution of the population from which the samples are drawn.
 Measurement of dependent variable at continuous level.
 Two or more than two categorical independent groups in two factors.
 Categorical independent groups should have the same size.
 Independence of observations
 Homogeneity of the variance of the population.
Key Differences Between One-Way and Two-Way ANOVA

The differences between one- way and two-way ANOVA can be drawn clearly on
the following grounds:
1. A hypothesis test that enables us to test the equality of three or more means
simultaneously using variance is called One way ANOVA. A statistical
technique in which the interrelationship between factors, influencing
variable can be studied for effective decision making, is called Two-way
ANOVA.
2. There is only one factor or independent variable in one way ANOVA
whereas in the case of two-way ANOVA there are two independent
variables.
3. One-way ANOVA compares three or more levels (conditions) of one factor.
On the other hand, two-way ANOVA compares the effect of multiple levels
of two factors.
4. In one-way ANOVA, the number of observations need not be same in each
group whereas it should be same in the case of two-way ANOVA.
5. One-way ANOVA need to satisfy only two principles of design of
experiments, i.e. replication and randomization. As opposed to Two-way
ANOVA, which meets all three principles of design of experiments which
are replication, randomization, and local control.
Conclusion
Two-way ANOVA is often understood as an extended version of One way

ANOVA. There are a number of advantages, due to which two-way ANOVA
is preferred over One-way ANOVA, like with two-way ANOVA one can test
the effects of two factors simultaneously.
Difference Between ANOVA and ANCOVA
ANOVA is an effective technique for carrying out researches in various disciplines

like business, economics, psychology, biology and education when there are one or
more samples involved. It is often misconstrued with ANCOVA, as both are used
to check the variance in the mean values of the dependent variable associated as a
result of controlled independent variables, after considering the consequences of
the uncontrolled independent variable.
ANOVA is used to compare and contrast the means of two or more

populations. ANCOVA is used to compare one variable in two or more
populations while considering other variables. Have a glance at the article to know
the differences between ANOVA and ANCOVA.
Comparison Chart
BASIS FOR
ANOVA ANCOVA
COMPARISON
Meaning ANOVA is a process of ANCOVA is a technique that remove

examining the difference among the impact of one or more metric-
the means of multiple groups of scaled undesirable variable from
data for homogeneity. dependent variable before undertaking
research.
Uses Both linear and non-linear Only linear model is used.

model are used.
Includes Categorical variable. Categorical and interval variable.
Covariate Ignored Considered
BG variation Attributes Between Group (BG) Divides Between Group (BG)

BASIS FOR
ANOVA ANCOVA
COMPARISON
variation, to treatment. variation, into treatment and covariate.
WG variation Attributes Within Group (WG) Divides Within Group (WG) variation,
variation, to individual into individual differences and
differences. covariate.
Definition of ANOVA
ANOVA expands to the analysis of variance, is described as a statistical technique

used to determine the difference in the means of two or more populations, by
examining the amount of variation within the samples corresponding to the amount
of variation between the samples. It bifurcates the total amount of variation in the
dataset into two parts, i.e. the amount ascribed to chance and the amount ascribed
to specific causes.
It is a method of analysing the factors which are hypothesised or affect the

dependent variable. It can also be used to study the variations amongst different
categories, within the factors, that consist of numerous possible values. It is of two
types:
 One way ANOVA: When one factor is used to investigate the difference
among different categories, having many possible values.
 Two way ANOVA: When two factors are investigated simultaneously to
measure the interaction of the two factors influencing the values of a
variable.
Definition of ANCOVA
ANCOVA stands for Analysis of Covariance, is an extended form of ANOVA,

that eliminates the effect of one or more interval-scaled extraneous variable, from
the dependent variable before carrying out research. It is the midpoint between
ANOVA and regression analysis, wherein one variable in two or more population
can be compared while considering the variability of other variables.
When in a set of independent variable consist of both factor (categorical
independent variable) and covariate (metric independent variable), the technique
used is known as ANCOVA. The difference in dependent variables because of the
covariate is taken off by an adjustment of the dependent variable’s mean value
within each treatment condition.
This technique is appropriate when the metric independent variable is linearly

associated with the dependent variable and not to the other factors. It is based on
certain assumptions which are:
 There is some relationship between dependent and uncontrolled variable.

 The relationship is linear and is identical from one group to another.
 Various treatment groups are picked up at random from the population.
 Groups are homogeneous in variability.
Key Differences Between ANOVA and ANCOVA

The points given below are substantial so far as the difference between AOVA and
ANCOVA is concerned:
1. The technique of identifying the variance among the means of multiple

groups for homogeneity is known as Analysis of Variance or ANOVA. A
statistical process which is used to take off the impact of one or more metric-
scaled undesirable variable from dependent variable before undertaking
research is known as ANCOVA.
2. While ANOVA uses both linear and non-linear model. On the contrary,
ANCOVA uses only linear model.
3. ANOVA entails only categorical independent variable, i.e. factor. As against
this, ANCOVA encompasses a categorical and a metric independent
variable.
4. A covariate is not taken into account, in ANOVA, but considered in
ANCOVA.
5. ANOVA characterises between group variations, exclusively to treatment. In
contrast, ANCOVA divides between group variations to treatment and
covariate.
6. ANOVA exhibits within group variations, particularly to individual
differences. Unlike ANCOVA, that bifurcates within group variance in
individual differences and covariate.
With these we emphasize the differences between the two statistical techniques.
ANOVA is used to test the means of two groups. On the other hand,
ANCOVA is an advanced form of analysis of variance; that combines both
ANOVA and regression analysis.

C. Difference Between One Way and Two Way ANOVA

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Difference Between One Way and Two Way

When it comes to research, in the field of business, economics, psychology,

As against, in the case of two-way ANOVA, the researcher investigates two

Meaning One way ANOVA is a hypothesis Two way ANOVA is a statistical

Independent One Two

Definition of One-Way ANOVA

One way ANOVA is based on the following assumptions:

Definition of Two-Way ANOVA

Two-way ANOVA as its name signifies, is a hypothesis test wherein the

Assumptions of two-way ANOVA:

Key Differences Between One-Way and Two-Way ANOVA

Two-way ANOVA is often understood as an extended version of One way

Difference Between ANOVA and ANCOVA

ANOVA is an effective technique for carrying out researches in various disciplines

ANOVA is used to compare and contrast the means of two or more

Meaning ANOVA is a process of ANCOVA is a technique that remove

Uses Both linear and non-linear Only linear model is used.

Includes Categorical variable. Categorical and interval variable.

Covariate Ignored Considered

BG variation Attributes Between Group (BG) Divides Between Group (BG)

variation, to treatment. variation, into treatment and covariate.

ANOVA expands to the analysis of variance, is described as a statistical technique

It is a method of analysing the factors which are hypothesised or affect the

ANCOVA stands for Analysis of Covariance, is an extended form of ANOVA,

This technique is appropriate when the metric independent variable is linearly

 There is some relationship between dependent and uncontrolled variable.

Key Differences Between ANOVA and ANCOVA

1. The technique of identifying the variance among the means of multiple

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