160.7.2 Moment Curvature Pure Bending Beam Theory

Pure Bending
Steven Vukazich
San Jose State University
Consider an Elastic Beam Subjected
to Pure Bending
y
y
z x
𝐶 𝐷
z
𝑃 𝑄 x
𝐴 𝐵 Beam Cross
𝑙"
Section
L
M M
𝐶′ 𝐷′
𝑃′ 𝑄′ L
𝐴′ 𝐵′
Neutral axis
of the beam
y
y Notes
z x
𝐶 𝐷
z
𝑃 𝑄 x
𝐴 𝐵 Beam Cross
𝑙"
Section
L
M M
𝐶′ 𝐷′
𝑃′ 𝑄′ L
𝐴′ 𝐵′
1. Beam is prismatic and symmetric about the y axis:

2. Material is linear elastic;
3. The x axis is attached to the neutral axis of the beam;
4. Pure bending (no internal shear) –the beam deforms in a circular arc.
Study the Geometry of the Deformed
Shape of a Small Slice of the Beam
𝑂
Center of curvature
𝜃
𝜌 Radius of curvature
𝐶′ 𝐷′𝐷
𝐶
Neutral axis
l
𝑃′ y 𝑄′
𝑃 𝑙" 𝑄
Note:
• 𝐴, 𝑃, 𝐶 , and 𝐵 , 𝑄 , 𝐷 , are straight lines whose
𝐴′ 𝐵′ intersection define the center of curvature, O ;
𝐴 𝐵
• 𝐶 , 𝐷 , < 𝐶𝐷
• 𝐴, 𝐵 , > 𝐴𝐵;
𝑙" • 𝑃, 𝑄 , = 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑙" ;
• 𝑙" = 𝜌𝜃;
• 𝑙 = 𝜌−𝑦 𝜃
Bending Strain of the
Horizontal Fibers of the Beam
𝑂
Radius of curvature
𝜃
𝜌 Neutral axis
𝐶′ 𝐷′𝐷
𝐶 Original length of all fibers, lO
l
𝑃′ y 𝑙" = 𝜌𝜃
𝑄′
𝑃 𝑙" 𝑄
Length of fiber, l, after deformation
𝐴′ 𝐵′
𝐴 𝐵 𝑙 = 𝜌−𝑦 𝜃
𝑙" ∆𝑙 𝑙 − 𝑙" 𝜌 − 𝑦 𝜃 − 𝜌𝜃 𝑦
𝜖= = = =−
𝑙" 𝑙" 𝜌𝜃 𝜌
Equilibrium of the Small Segment of Beam
𝑂
Beam cross sectional area = A
𝜃
𝜌 y
𝐶′ 𝐷′𝐷
𝐶
𝑀 l 𝑑𝐹 = 𝜎𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝐴
𝑃′ 𝑄′ y z x
𝑃 𝑙"
𝑄 x
𝐴′ 𝐵′
𝐴 𝐵
+
Q 𝐹R = 0 N 𝑑𝐹 = 0 N 𝜎𝑑𝐴 = 0
𝑙" O O
+ Q 𝑀U = 0 − N 𝑦𝑑𝐹 − 𝑀 = 0 − N 𝑦𝜎𝑑𝐴 − 𝑀 = 0
O O
Constitutive Law for Beam Material
Beam is made of linear elastic material
𝜎 𝜎 = 𝐸𝜖
E = Modulus of Elasticity
1
𝜖
Review Relationships from Geometry of
Deformation, Equilibrium, and Constitutive Law
𝑦
1. 𝜖=−
𝜌
2. N 𝜎𝑑𝐴 = 0 − N 𝑦𝜎𝑑𝐴 − 𝑀 = 0
O O
3. 𝜎 = 𝐸𝜖
Substituting equation 1 into equation 3

𝑦
𝜎 = −𝐸
𝜌
Force Equilibrium in x Direction
N 𝜎𝑑𝐴 = 0 Beam cross sectional area = A

O y
𝑦
𝜎 = −𝐸
𝜌 𝑑𝐴
z
𝑦
N −𝐸 𝑑𝐴 = 0
O 𝜌
𝐸
− N 𝑦𝑑𝐴 = 0 Can only be satisfied
𝜌 O
if the neutral axis is
at the centroid of the
N 𝑦𝑑𝐴 = 0 beam cross section
O
Moment Equilibrium
y
− N 𝑦𝜎𝑑𝐴 − 𝑀 = 0
O
𝑑𝐴
𝑦
𝜎 = −𝐸 z
𝜌
𝑦
− N −𝑦𝐸 𝑑𝐴 − 𝑀 = 0
O 𝜌 Moment of Inertia about the
centroid of the beam cross section
𝐸
N 𝑦 Y 𝑑𝐴 − 𝑀 = 0
𝜌 O 𝐼 = N 𝑦 Y 𝑑𝐴
𝐸 𝐸𝐼 O
𝑀 = N 𝑦 Y 𝑑𝐴 𝑀=
𝜌 O 𝜌
Moment-Curvature Relationship
𝑂 y
𝐸𝐼
𝜃 𝑀=
𝜌 𝜌 𝑑𝐴
𝐶′ 𝐷′𝐷
𝐶
Define:
l 𝜅 = Curvature of the beam
𝑃′ y 𝑄′
𝑃 𝑙" 𝑄 1
𝜅=
𝜌
Moment of Inertia about the
𝐴′ 𝐵′ centroid of the beam cross section
𝐴 𝐵
𝑀
𝜅= 𝐼 = N 𝑦 Y 𝑑𝐴
𝑙" 𝐸𝐼
O
The moment-curvature relationship is the
basis of bending deformation theory
Bending Stress Distribution
𝑀𝑐_ y
𝜎max = −
𝑀 𝐼
y Neutral axis
c1
𝑦max = 𝑐
x z
c2
𝑀𝑐Y
𝜎max =
𝐼
𝐸𝐼 𝑦
𝑀= 𝜎 = −𝐸
𝜌 𝜌
1 𝑀 1 𝑀
= 𝜎 = −𝐸𝑦 = −𝐸𝑦
𝜌 𝐸𝐼 𝜌 𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝑦
𝜎=−
𝐼
Summary for Pure Bending of an Elastic Beam
Moment-Curvature relationship
y
𝑀 Neutral axis
𝜅= c1
𝐸𝐼
Bending stress distribution z
c2
𝑀𝑦 𝑀𝑐
𝜎=− 𝜎max =
𝐼 𝐼
1. Neutral axis (σ = 0) is located at the centroid of the beam

cross section;
2. Moment-Curvature relationship is basis of bending
deformation theory;
3. Bending stress varies linearly over beam cross section and
is maximum at the extreme fibers of the beam;

160.7.2 Moment Curvature Pure Bending Beam Theory

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

160.7.2 Moment Curvature Pure Bending Beam Theory

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

160.7.2 Moment Curvature Pure Bending Beam Theory

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pure Bending

1. Beam is prismatic and symmetric about the y axis:

Beam is made of linear elastic material

Substituting equation 1 into equation 3

N 𝜎𝑑𝐴 = 0 Beam cross sectional area = A

1. Neutral axis (σ = 0) is located at the centroid of the beam

You might also like