SDO - Isabela

Enhanced Mathematics Grade

7
Background Information

Last quarter, you have learned about linear equations in one variable. By
recalling it, it can be expressed as ax = b, where x is the only variable, a is the
coefficient, and b is the constant. Linear equations in two variables take the form of ax +
by = c. As you can see, it involves two variables x and y which makes it different to one
variable linear equations.
As the name itself, the two variables imply two unknown quantities which can be
found out by certain computations and estimations. In this quarter, you will learn about
the basics of linear equations in two variables as well as some of its primary
applications is real life.

WEEK 1 => Learning Competency

At the end of this module-based session, the students must be able to:
1. Describe the Cartesian Coordinate Plane (x-axis, y-axis, quadrant, origin)

2. Describe points plotted on the Cartesian Coordinate Plane: plot points on the Cartesian
Coordinate Plane
2.1. Given a point on the coordinate plane. Give as coordinates
2.2. Given a pair of coordinates, plot the point
2.3. Given the coordinates of a point, determine the quadrant where it is located

Cartesian Coordinate Plane

In this lesson, you will learn about the one of the most common mathematical diagrams
used in the study of numbers, the Cartesian plane. Its primary use as well as its parts will be
discussed here.

Development of Cartesian Plane

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The Cartesian Coordinate Plane System, also known as Rectangular Coordinate

Plane System, was developed by the mathematician and philosopher Rene Descartes
to display numbers graphically with ordered co-ordinates.
Cartesian co-ordinates are an essential tool for most applied disciplines that deal with
geometry, including astronomy, physics, and engineering. They are used in computer
graphics, computer-aided geometric design and other geometry-related data processing.
The Cartesian plane has vertical and horizontal axes called the x axis and the
y axis which divide the screen into four quadrants with the middle point being (0,0).
The intersection of the points of x and y axes
suggests a specific location or point. This is called
ordered pair. An ordered pair can be named in the
form of (x,y). Note that it uses parentheses and that
the x coordinate is always at the first followed by the
y coordinate.
Furthermore, the x coordinate is called the
abscissa. It is the set of the domain of any linear
equations in two variables. The right half are
positive numbers and the left half are negatives.
On the other hand, the y-axis is the ordinate.
it composes the set of range of the equation. The
upper half are positive numbers and the lower half
are negatives

For example:
The figure on the left shows a
specific point A. This point is known as
(3,4) since the point lies at the positive 3 of
x-axis and at the positive 4 of y-axis.

There are different regions/parts of the Cartesian plane. These

are the quadrants, axes, and origin.
Quadrants:
Quadrant I or Q1, shaded by blue, has a positive x and y coordinates.
Quadrant II or Q2, shaded by yellow, has a negative x coordinate but
positive y coordinate.
Quadrant III or Q3, shaded by red, has a negative x and y coordinates.
Quadrant IV or Q4, shaded by green, has a positive x coordinate but
negative y coordinate.
Axes:
Positive x-axis, shaded by indigo.
Positive y-axis, shaded by violet.
Negative x-axis, shaded by brown.
Negative y-axis, shaded by orange.
Origin, shaded by gray, is the center of the plane. It has (0,0) ordered
pair.

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Note that the x-coordinate is always called as abscissa while the y-coordinate is called
ordinate.
For example: If you were asked to find the location of a point with positive abscissa but
negative ordinate, the answer is Quadrant 4 or Q4.

To name and locate the following points found in the

figure we have:

A (3,5), found in Quadrant I

B (0,0), found in the origin
C (-6, 6), found in Quadrant II
D (-4, 0), lies in the negative x-axis
E (-4, -6), found in Quadrant III
F (0, -2), lies in the negative y axis
G (4, -4), found in quadrant IV
H (2, 0), Lies in positive x-axis

Note that in giving the ordered pair, the x-coordinate

comes first followed by the y-coordinate.

Activity 1

Act 1.1. Enumerate the 10 parts of a Cartesian plane. Number it from 1 to 10 in any
order. Note that the answers can be found in the previous discussion.
Act. 1.2. Given the points on the coordinate plane. Give the coordinates of the ordered
pair as well as the region where it belongs. Always indicate the abscissa first before the
ordinate. Point A is done for you. 1 points each.
Example: A (2,6), Quadrant I
1. B (__, __)
2. C (__, __)
3. D (__, __)
4. E (__, __)
5. F (__, __)
6. G (__, __)
7. H (__, __)
8. I (__, __)
9. J (__, __)
10. K (__, __)

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Act. 1.3. Given the following ordered pairs, MAKE YOUR OWN CARTESIAN PLANE
then PLOT THE FOLLOWING POINT WITH THE CORRESPONDING LETTER. Plot
the following points in only one plane.
1. A (1, 3) 6. F (5, 0)
2. B (5, -6) 7. G (0, 0)
3. C (-4, 5) 8. H (0, -7)
4. D (-8, -8) 9. I (-2, 0)
5. E (0, 9) 10. J (6, 6)
Act. 1.4. Determine the exact location/locations of the given conditions of a point. Two
or more answers is possible. Choices are given below. An example is done for you
Choices: Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, +x-axis, -x-axis, +y-axis, -y-axis, origin
Example: Negative abscissa, positive ordinate – Answer: Q2
1. Negative abscissa, negative ordinate 7. Non-negative abscissa, non-zero
2. Positive abscissa, negative ordinate ordinate
3. Positive abscissa, Positive ordinate 8. Non-zero abscissa, non-zero ordinate
4. Non-negative abscissa, zero ordinate 9. Non-negative abscissa, non-negative
5. zero abscissa, zero ordinate ordinate
6. Non-positive abscissa, zero ordinate 10. Non-positive abscissa, on-Positive
ordinate

=========================end of quarter 3 week 1=============================

WEEK 2 => Learning Competency

3. Define a linear equation in two variables Ax + By = C.

3.1. construct a table of values for x and y given a linear equation in two variables Ax +
By = C
3.2. Draw the graph of Ax + By = C based on a table of values for x and y

Illustrating Linear Equations in Two Variables

In this lesson, you will be introduced to the upgraded version of the linear equation in one
variable which is the linear equation in two variables.

Linear equations in two variables

If a, b, and c are real numbers (and if a and b are not both equal to 0) then ax +
by = c is called a linear equation in two variables. (The “two variables” are the x and the
y.) The numbers a and b are called the coefficients of the equation ax + by = c. The
number c is called the constant of the equation ax + by = c.

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Examples. 10x – 3y = 5 and 2x + 4y = 7 are linear equations in two variables

because they have 2 variables x and y.
10x = 2 and 3y = 7 are not linear equations in two variables since
they only have only one variable x and y, respectively.

Table of Values and Graph of Linear Equations in two variables

Linear equations in two variables are described and illustrated using graphs. The
name of the equation itself suggests that the graphs are lines/straight diagonal lines.
These graphs are formed in a Cartesian plane.
In order to have the graphs, at least two points of ordered pairs are needed. X-
coordinate or abscissa as the independent variable may take any value in order to yield
in the value of y-coordinate or ordinate.

Example 1. Make a table of values for x + y = 4, then graph.

Step 1. Since abscissa is the independent variable, we can set any value to it. The
easiest values in terms of being small amounts are -1, 0, and 1.
Make a table for the values based from these.
x -1 0 1
y
Note: the values of y are unknown because this will depend on to the evaluation of the
values of x to the equation.

Step 2. Compute for the values of y using the set values of x.

Given: x + y = 4 Given: x + y = 4 Given: x + y = 4
x = -1 x=0 x=1
Substitute the value of x
(-1) + y = 4 (0) + y = 4 (1) + y = 4
Use the additive inverse to y = 4 (1) - 1 + y = 4 - 1
make -1 zero. 0+y=3
(-1) + 1 + y = 4 + 1 Therefore, y is 4 if x is 0. y =3
0+y=5
y=5 Ordered pair: (0, 4) Therefore, y is 3 if x is 1.
Therefore, y is 5 if x is -1.
Ordered pair: (1, 3)
Ordered pair: (-1, 5)

Step 3. Complete the table of values based on the previous computation.

x -1 0 1
y 5 4 3
Step 4. Plot the ordered pairs and connect.

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The red dots are the ordered pairs

obtained by calculations namely (-1, 5),
(0,4), (1,3).

The line drawn from point to point is now

the graph of the equation x + y = 4.

As you can see, it is a diagonal line

pointing to the left upwards.

Example 2. Make a table of values for 3x + 2y = 7, then graph.

Step 1. Set the values of x to -1, 0, and 1, then form the table.
x -1 0 1
y

Step 2. Compute the values of y using the values set for x and the equation
Given: 3x + 2y = 7 Given: 3x + 2y = 7
x = -1 x=0
Substitute -1 to x: 3(0) + 2y = 7
3(-1) + 2y = 7 0 + 2y = 7
Multiply 3 and -1: 2y = 7
-3 + 2y = 7 2y/2 = 7/2

Add the additive inverse of -3 to both sides of the equation: y = 7/2 or 3.5
-3 + 3 + 2y = 7 + 3
Ordered pair: (0, 3.5)
Simplify:
0 + 2y = 10 Given: 3x + 2y = 7
Simplify further: x=1
2y = 10
3(1) + 2y = 7
Divide both sides by 2: 3 + 2y = 7
2y/2 = 10/2 3 + (-3) + 2y = 7 + (-3)
0 + 2y = 4
Simplify:
2y = 4
y=5
2y/2 = 4/2
therefore, the value of y is 5 if x is -1
y=2
ordered pair: (-1, 5)
Ordered pair: (1, 2)

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Step 3. Complete the table.

x -1 0 1
y 5 3.5 2

Step 4. Plot and connect the points. Don’t forget to label the points and name the line
with the equation.

The red dots are the ordered pairs obtained by

calculations namely (-1, 5), (0,3.5), (1,2).

The middle point is in between 3 and 4 to indicate that

it is in 3.5.

The line drawn from point to point is now the graph of

the equation 3x + 2y = 7. The line is the equation itself.

As you can see, it is a diagonal line pointing to the left

upwards.

Example 3. Make a table of values for 5x - 4y = -7, then graph.

Step 1. Set the values of x to -1, 0, and 1, then form the table.
x -1 0 1
y

Step 2. Compute the values of y using the values set for x and the equation

Given: 5x - 4y = -7 Given: 5x - 4y = -7 Given: 5x - 4y = -7

x = -1 x=0 x=1
5(-1) - 4y = -7 5(0) - 4y = -7 5(1) - 4y = -7
-5 – 4y = -7 0 – 4y = -7 5 – 4y = -7
-5 + 5 – 4y = -7 + 5 -4y = -7 5 - 5 – 4y = -7 - 5
0 – 4y = -2 -4y = -7 0 – 4y = -12
-4y = -2 -4y/-4 = -7/-4 -4y = -12
-4y/-4 = -2/-4 y = 7/4 or 1.75 -4y/-4 = -12/-4
y = 2/4 or ½ or 0.5 y=3
Ordered pair: (0, 1.75)
ordered pair: (-1, 0.5) Ordered pair: (1, 3)

Step 3. Complete the table.

x -1 0 1
y 0.5 1.75 3

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Step 4. Plot and connect the points. Don’t forget to label the points and name the line
with the equation.
The red dots are the ordered pairs obtained by
calculations namely (-1,0.5), (0,1.75), (1,3).

The lowest point is in between 0 and 1 of positive y-

axis to indicate that it is in 0.5. Moreover, the middle
point is between 1 and 2 of y-axis but near 2 to indicate
1.75.

The line drawn from point to point is now the graph of

the equation 5x - 4y = -7. The line is the equation itself.

As you can see, it is a diagonal line pointing to the right

upwards.

Activity 2

Act. 2.1. Fill in the table with the correct information based on the given equations. An Example
is done for you.
Equation Coefficient/s Variable/s Constant/s In two Variables
of not? (Yes or
No)
Ex. 2x – y = 8 2 and -1 x and y 8 Yes
1. 8x + 3y = -9
2. 4y – 7x = -6
3. 2x = 4y
4. y = 2
5. y = -5x - 2

Act. 2.2. Construct a table of values for x and y given the following linear equations in two
variables. Draw the graph of the equations based on the table. Also describe the graph if it is
upwards to the left or upwards to the right.
Base your answers from examples 1 to 3 in the previous discussion.
1. x + y = 6
2. 8x - 5y = -7
3. 3x + 2y = 9
.
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WEEK 3 => Learning Competency

3.3. Define x and y intercepts, slope, domain, range.

3.4. Determine the following properties of the graph of a linear equation Ax + By = C:
 Intercepts
 Trend (increasing or decreasing)
 Domain
 Range
 Slope

Illustrating x and y Intercepts, Slope, Trend, Domain, and Range

In this lesson, we will extend the discussion of linear equations in two variables with its
basic properties. Primarily, when talking about linear equations in two variables, the terms
intercepts, domain, and range are always associated.

X and Y intercepts.
Intercepts are the ordered pairs obtained when one variable is set to zero.
X-intercept is the ordered pair obtained when y is zero. It is the point where the graph of the
equation intersects the x-axis.
Y-intercept is the ordered pair obtained when x is set to zero. It is the point where the graph of
the equation intersects the y-axis.
To find the x-intercept. To find the x-intercept.
Step 1. Set the value of y to zero. Step 1. Set the value of x to zero.
x x 0
y 0 y
Step 2. Solve for x using y = 0. Step 2. Solve for y using x = 0.
Step 3. Obtained the ordered pair. This is Step 3. Obtained the ordered pair. This is
now the x intercept. now the x intercept.

Example 1. Find the x and y intercepts of 2x + 4y = 8, then show the graph

To find the x-intercept. To find the x-intercept.
Step 1. Set the value of y to zero. Step 1. Set the value of x to zero.
x x 0
y 0 y
Step 2. Solve for x using y = 0. Step 2. Solve for y using x = 0.
2x + 4y = 8 2x + 4y = 8
2x + 4(0) = 8 2(0) + 4y = 8
2x + 0 = 8 0 + 4y = 8
2x = 8 4y = 8
2x/2 = 8/2 4y/4 = 8/2
x=4 x=2

Step 3. Obtained the ordered pair. This is Step 3. Obtained the ordered pair. This is
now the x intercept. now the x intercept.
Ordered pair/x-intercept: (4,0) Ordered pair/y-intercept: (0,2)

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The red dots are the intercepts;

(0,2) is the y-intercept, (4,0) is
the x-intercept.

As you can see, the x and y

intercepts are found in the x
and y axes, respectively.

Example 2. Find the x and y intercepts of 5x - 2y = 15, then show the graph
To find the x-intercept. To find the x-intercept.
Step 1. Set the value of y to zero. Step 1. Set the value of x to zero.
x x 0
y 0 y
Step 2. Solve for x using y = 0. Step 2. Solve for y using x = 0.
5x - 2y = 15 5x - 2y = 15
5x - 2(0) = 15 5(0) – 2y = 15
5x - 0 = 15 0 - 2y = 15
5x = 15 -2y = 15
5x/5 = 15/5 -2y/-2 = 15/-2
x=3 x = -15/2 or -7.5

Step 3. Obtained the ordered pair. This is Step 3. Obtained the ordered pair. This is
now the x intercept. now the x intercept.
Ordered pair/x-intercept: (3,0) Ordered pair/y-intercept: (0,-7.5)

The intercepts are (3,0) (x-

intercept), and (0,-7.5) (y-
intercept).

As you can see, the x and y

intercepts are found in the x
and y axes, respectively.

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Slope and Trend of a Line

The slope of any given line is the ratio of the rise and run from one point to
another point which both lie in the given line.
In symbols:
𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒆
𝒎= where rise is the vertical distance between two points, while run is
𝒓𝒖𝒏
the horizontal distance.
The slope is positive or increasing if the graph of the equation is extending
upwards to the right. Otherwise, the slope is negative or decreasing if the graph is
extending upwards to the left.

Example 1: Given the graph of x – y = 4, find its slope and describe the trend of
the graph.

The rise or vertical distance of the graph from the lower

point to the next point is 2. Its run or horizontal distance is
also 2. The run is positive since it proceeds from left to
right.
To solve the slope we have:
𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒆 2
𝒎= = =1
𝒓𝒖𝒏 2
Therefore, the slope is 1.
The trend is increasing since the slope is positive and the
direction of the graph is upwards to the right

Example 2: Given the graph of 2x + 4y = 8, find its slope and describe the trend
of the graph.
The rise or vertical distance of the graph from the lower
point to the next point is 2. Its run or horizontal distance is
-4. The run is negative since it proceeds from right to left.
To solve the slope we have:
𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒆 2 2÷2 1 −1
𝒎= = = = 𝑜𝑟
𝒓𝒖𝒏 −4 −4÷2 −2 2
Therefore, the slope is -1/2.
Note that the slope must be simplified and negative signs
must be in the numerator
The trend is decreasing since the slope is negative and
the direction of the graph is upwards to the left.

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Case 1. Slopes can also be obtained by just merely inspecting the equations.
 If the equation is in the form of Ax + By = C or standard form, simply divide the
two coefficients A and b then change the sign of the final answer.
−𝑨
𝒎=
𝑩
 Case 2. If the equation is in the form of By = Ax + C, simply divide the two
coefficients A and B then change the sign of the final answer.
𝑨
𝒎=
𝑩
 Case 3. If the equation is in the form of y = mx + b, just simply obtain m or the
numerical coefficient of x.
𝒎=m

Examples. Find the slope of the following equations using the different cases above.
1. 2x + 5y = 6
Use case 1 to find the slope since it is in the form of Ax + By = C.
A = 2, B = 5
−𝑨 −(𝟐) −𝟐
𝒎= = =
𝑩 𝟓 𝟓
−𝟐
m= Trend: Decreasing
𝟓

2. 3y = 9x – 4
Use case 2 to find the slope since it is in the form of By = Ax + C.
A = 9, B = 3
𝑨 𝟗
𝒎= = =𝟑
𝑩 𝟑
m=3 Trend: Increasing

3. y = 7x – 6
Use case 3 to find the slope since it is in the form of y = mx + b.
m=7 Trend: Increasing

4. 4x – 8y = 2
Use case 1 to find the slope since it is in the form of Ax + By = C.
−𝑨 −(𝟒) −𝟒 ÷ 𝟒 −𝟏 𝟏
𝒎= = = = =
𝑩 −𝟖 −𝟖 ÷ 𝟒 −𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
m= Trend: Increasing
𝟐

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5. 9y = -6x + 5
Use case 2 to find the slope since it is in the form of By = Ax + C.
𝑨 (−𝟔) −𝟔 ÷ 𝟑 −𝟐
𝒎= = = =
𝑩 𝟗 𝟗÷𝟑 𝟑
−𝟐
m= Trend: Decreasing
𝟑

Note: the trend depends on the sign of the slope. It is decreasing if the sign is negative.
It is increasing if it is positive.

Domain and Range

The Domain and Range of any given equations are both sets which are
composed of all the permissible values of x and y, respectively.
Domain is the set that contains the abscissa of the equation.
Range is the set composed of the ordinates of a given equation.

In the case of linear equations in two variables, recall that in the table of values
any values for x are allowed provided that these are elements of real numbers.
Consequently, any values of y can also be obtained using the different values set for x.

Hence, for any given linear equations in two variables the following are always
observed:
Domain : D = {x|x ∈ R}
Read as: Domain is equal to x such that x is an element of real numbers.
Range: R = {y|y ∈ R }
Read as: Range is equal to y such that y is an element of real numbers.

Activity 3

Act. 3.1. Find the x and y intercepts of the following equation then graph. show your
solution.
1. x + y = 7
2. 2x + 3y = 12
3. 5y = 4x – 40
Act. 3.2. Give the slope of the following graphs and equations then indicate the trend.
1. x + y = 7 4. 3x – 7y = 8
2. 2x + 3y = 12 5. y = 4x + 5
3. 5y = 4x – 40

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6. 7.

8. 9.

Act. 3.3. Give the Domain and Range of the following Equations.
1. x+y=7
2. 2x + 3y = 12
3. 5y = 4x – 40
4. 3x – 7y = 8
5. y = 4x + 5

=========================end of quarter 3 week 3 =============================

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WEEK 4 => Learning Competency

4. Given a linear equation Ax + By = C, rewrite in the form y = mx + b, and vice versa

4.1. draw the graph of a linear equation in two variables described by an equation using
 the Intercepts
 any two points
 the slope and a given point
4.2. determine whether the graph of Ax + B = C is increasing or decreasing

Rewriting Linear Equation from Ax + By = C to y =mx + b and vice versa

You might be wondering why sometimes you encounter different form of linear equations
from a previous equation you have just dealt with. In this lesson, you will learn about the two
common forms of Linear equations in two variables.

The standard form of linear equation is Ax + By = C which can be transformed to a

linear function y = mx +b called slope - intercept form,

where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept and vice versa.

Example 1: Write the following in the form y = mx + b. Give the value of m and b.
a. 3y = -2x – 6 b. 2x – 5y = 10

Since the given is almost in the form of slope- Take note that your goal here is to isolate y
intercept, just simplify it; on the left side. So, you need to eliminate x
on the left side.
3y = -2x – 6 Divide both sides by 3
3 3 3 2x – 5y = 10
2x – 2x – 5y = – 2x + 10 Eliminate 2x by
y = -2x/3 – 2 This is now the answer. subtracting itself to
make it zero. Do this
m = -2/3 m is the slope which is on both sides
the coefficient of x in
the slope-intercept form 0 – 5y = –2x + 10 Simplify
b = -2 b is the y-intercept. -5y = –2x + 10 Divide both sides
by -5.
-5y = -2x + 10 Simplify
-5 -5 -5

y = 2x/5 – 2 This is now the final

answer
m = 2/5 m is the slope which is
the coefficient of x in
the slope-intercept form
b = -2 b is the y-intercept.

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Example 2: Write the following in the form Ax + By = C.

a. y = 5x + 2 b. y = -2x/4 – 3

As you can see, the given is in the form of As you can see, the given is in the form of
slope-intercept. slope-intercept, but there is a fraction, so
eliminate the denominator first
y = 5x + 2
y = -2x/4 – 3
y - 5x = 5x - 5x + 2 Eliminate 5x by 4(y = -2x/4 – 3) multiply 4 to all sides
subtracting itself to to eliminate the
make it zero. Do this denominator 4.
on both sides
4(y) = 4(-2x/4) – 4(3) Simplify
y - 5x = 0 + 2 Simplify 4y = –2x - 12

y - 5x = 2 Use commutative 4y + 2x = -2x + 2x -12 Eliminate -2x by

property. adding 2x to
make it zero. Do this
-5x + y = 2 on both sides
-1(-5x + y = 2) Always avoid negative
sign for x by 4y + 2x = 0 -12 Simplify
multiplying the whole
equation by -1 4y + 2x = -12 Use commutative
property.
5x – y = -2 This is now the final 2x + 4y = -12 Since x is already
answer positive, this is now
the final answer.

Activity 4

Act. 4.1. Write the following in the form y = mx + b.

1. 4y + 12x = 20 4. 8x – 2y = 6
2. 5x + y = 3 5. 4y + x + 2 = 0
3. 3x – y = 0 6. 2 x + 9y – 8 = 10
Act. 4.2. Write the following linear equation in the form Ax + By = C.
1. y = -2x + 3
2. y = 3x – 1
6. y = x +
3. y = x + 3
4. y = 2x – 2

5. y = 2x +

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Drawing the Graph of a Linear Equation and Identifying the Trend

The graph of a linear function is a non-vertical straight line. In Geometry, you learned how
to graph by connecting points. In this section you will learn how to graph linear functions
and determine its slope using the following conditions:

A. Given any two points

Two points determine a straight line. This is a statement in geometry where you can
apply to graph linear functions.
Example:
Draw the graph of a linear function passing through points (1, 2) and (2, 4).
a. First locate the two points
b. Then connect the two points.
The graph of the linear function will look like the figure below.

• (2,4)

• (1,2)

B. Given the x and y – intercepts:

Another way of graphing a linear function is through the points where the graph crosses
the x and y axes. This condition also uses two points.

The point at which a line crosses the y-axis has an x coordinate of 0 and y coordinate
called y-intercept. While, the point at which the line crosses the x-axis has y-coordinate of 0
and x coordinate called x-intercept.
Example:

The y – intercept is the y value at point

1
(0, 6). Here the y-intercept is 6

x - intercept = -3
y - intercept = 6
The x – intercept is the x value at point (-
3,0). Here the x intercept is -3.

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C. Given the Slope and a Point

Linear Equations in two variables can also be graphed using a point and slope. This is
done by utilizing the concept of rise over run where the given point is the starting point while the
slope dictates the rise and run.
Take note that the graph proceeds to the right if the slope is positive and to the left if
the slope is negative.

Example: Graph the linear equation with slope of 5/2 and passes through (-2, -2)
In the graph below, the point is (-2, -2) and the slope is 5/2.
To graph, start with the point (-2, -2), and then rise 5 and run 2. These would connect the
points (-2,-2) and (0, 3)

Run = 2
• (0,3)

Rise = 5

(-2,-2) •

D. Given the slope m and y – intercept b.

The slope m determines the steepness of a line while the y – intercept is the y value of
the point (0, b) where the graph touches the y-axis.
The slope is simply m = rise/run

Example 1: In the graph below, the y – intercept is -2 and the slope is or 4.

To graph, start with the y-intercept, and then rise 8 and run 2. These would
connect the points (0,-2) and (2, 6)

6 (2,6) Notice that the slope can be computed

using the two points in the formula.

The line rises to the right when the slope is positive.

(0.-6)

=2

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Example 2: Graph the linear function whose y-intercept = -2 and slope (m)=
From the y – intercept, at (0, -2) rise 3 and run 2 units to the left. This would connect
points (0, -2) and (-2, 1). This time the direction of the graph goes down to the right because
the slope is negative.

(-2, 1) 2

Trend of Linear Equations in Two Variables

The trends of linear equations’ graph talk about the values by which the equation
approaches. It can either be increasing or decreasing. Here are the different conditions that can
be used to identify the trend of a given equation.
Standard Form:
 If the equations are in the form of Ax + By = C, the trend is DECREASING because the
slope is negative.
 If the equations are in the form of Ax - By = C, the trend is INCREASING because the
slope is positive.

Slope-Intercept Form:
 If the equations are in the form of y = mx + b, the trend is INCREASING because the
slope is positive.
 If the equations are in the form of y = -mx + b, the trend is DECREASING because the
slope is negative.

Graph:
 If the graph is pointing to the right, the trend is INCREASING because the slope is
positive.
 If the graph is pointing to the left, the trend is DECREASING because the slope is
negative.

Activity 5

Act. 5.1. Draw the graph of the linear function that passes through the given points. Use separate
Cartesian Plane for each.

1. (3, -1) and (1, -3)

2. (0, -2) and (-2, 1)

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3. (3, 4) and (-4, -3)

Act. 5.2. Draw the graph of the linear function whose x and y –intercepts are given.

1. x- intercept = 1; y – intercept = 4
2. x-intercept = -3; y-intercept = -2
3. x-intercept = 2; y-intercept = -2

Act. 5.3. Draw the graph given the slope and passing through the given point.
1. m = 4/3; P(-2, -3)
2. m = 3/5; P(0, 2)
3. m = -3; P(-1, 1)

Act. 5.4. Draw the graph with the indicated slope and passing through the given y-intercept.
1. m = -5/3; y-intercept = -3
2. m = -1/2; y-intercept = 3
3. m = 3/4; y-intercept = 1

Act. 5.5. Identify the trend of the following equations. Indicate if it is INCREASING or
DECREASING.

1. 2x + 6y = 10
2. 3x + 7y = 6
3. 2x – 3y = 6
4. y = 2x + 3
5. y = -7x – 8
6. 2x = y + 7

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WEEK 5 => Learning Competency

4.3. obtain the equation of a line given the following:

 the intercepts
 any two points
 the slope and a point

Formulas for Linear Equations in Two Variable

An important lesson before finding the equations of certain lines is the illustration of different
formulas which you might encounter in finding the equation of a line. Here are the most
common forms of linear equations in two variables.

Forms of Linear Equation

There are many forms through which a line is defined in an X-Y plane. Some of the common forms
used here for solving linear equations are:

 General Form
 Slope Intercept Form
 Point Form
 Intercept Form
 Two-Point form

Standard Form of Linear Equation

Linear equations are a combination of constants and variables.
The standard form of a linear equation in one variable is represented as ax + b = 0 where, a ≠ 0 and
x is the variable.
The standard form of a linear equation in two variables is represented as

ax + by + c = 0, where, a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0 , x and y are the variables.

Slope Intercept Form

The most common form of linear equations is in slope-intercept form, which is represented as;
y = mx + b

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where y and x are the point in x-y plane, m is the slope of the line (also called gradient) and b is the
y-intercept (a constant value).
For example, y = 3x + 7:
slope, m = 3 and intercept = 7

Point Slope Form

In this form of linear equation, a straight line equation is formed by considering the points in x-y
plane, such that:
y – y1 = m(x – x1 )
where (x1, y1) are the coordinates of the line.
We can also express it as:
y = mx + y1 – mx1

Intercept Form
A line which is neither parallel to x-axis or y-axis nor it pass through the origin but intersects the axes
in two different points, represents the intercept form. The intercept values x 0 and y0, sometimes a and
b respectively, of these two points are nonzero and forms an equation of the line as:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
+ = 1 or + =1
𝑥0 𝑦0 𝑎 𝑏

Two-Point Form
If there are two points say, (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) and only one line passes through them, then the
equation of the line is given by:
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
𝑦2 −𝑦1
where is the slope of the line and x1 ≠ x2
𝑥2 −𝑥1

The Intercept Form

This lesson will teach you how to find the equation of a line when x and y intercepts are
given.

x-intercept: It is the point where a line crosses the x-axis. The x coordinate or abscissa is
obtained here whenever y is zero.
Example: (2, 0) or x = 2, (-5, 0) or x = -5, (7, 0) or x = 7, and so on.

y-intercept: It is the point where a line crosses the y-axis. The y coordinate or ordinate is
obtained here whenever y is zero.
Example: (0, 2) or y = 2, (0, -5) or y = -5, (0, 7) or y = 7, and so on.

Here, you will use the following Intercept Form Formula:

𝑥 𝑦
+ =1
𝑎 𝑏

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Example 1:
Find the equation of the straight line whose x and y-intercepts on the axes are given by
(i) 2 and 3 (ii) -1/3 and 3/2 (iii) 2/5 and -3/4

(i) Solution:
Here, x –intercept is (a) = 2 and y -intercept is (b) = 3
𝑥 𝑦
+ =1 Substitute
𝑎 𝑏

𝑥 𝑦
+ =1 Multiply by the LCD of the denominator. The LCD of 2 and 3 is 6.
2 3

𝑥 𝑦
6( + = 1) Simplify. Multiply 6 to all terms.
2 3

6𝑥 6𝑦
+ =6 Simplify. Divide the first and second term.
2 3

3x + 2x = 6 This is now the answer.

So, the required equation of the line is 3x + 2y = 6

(ii) Solution:
Here, x-intercept is (a) = -1/3 and y-intercept is (b) = 3/2.
x/(-1/3)+y/(3/2) = 1
-3x+(2y)/3 = 1
(-9x+2y)/3 = 1
-9x+2y = 3
9x-2y+3 = 0
So, the required equation of the line is 9x-2y+3 = 0.
(iii) Answer :
2/5 and -3/4
(x/a) + (y/b) = 1
Here,
x-intercept (a) = 2/5 and
y -intercept (b) = -3/4
x/(2/5)+y/(-3/4) = 1
(5x/2)-(4y/3) = 1
(15x-8y)/6 = 1
15x-8y = 6
15x-8y-6 = 0
So, the required equation of the line is 15x-8y-6 = 0.
Example 2 :
Find the equation of the straight line whose x and y-intercepts on the axes are given by.
(i)

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Solution :
x-intercept = 4 and y-intercept = -3
Equation of the line :
(x/a) + (y/b) = 1
(x/4)+(y/(-3)) = 1
(x/4)-(y/3) = 1
(3x-4y)/12 = 1
3x-4y = 12
3x-4y-12 = 0
So, the required equation is 3x-4y-12 = 0.
(ii)

Solution :
x-intercept = 5 and y-intercept = -5

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Equation of the line :

(x/a) + (y/b) = 1
(x/5)+(y/(-5)) = 1
(x/5)-(y/5) = 1
(x-y)/5 = 1
x-y = 5
x-y-5 = 0
So, the required equation is x-y-5 = 0.

WEEK 6 => Learning Competency

4.4. use linear equations in two variables to solve problems

WEEK 7 => Learning Competency

ENRICHMENT FOR LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES:

5. Define an absolute value equation y = |x|

5.1. Review the meaning of the absolute value of a number

5.2. Construct a table of ordered pairs and draw the graphs of the following:
y = |x|
y = |x| + b
y = |x| - b
y = |x + b|
y = |x - b|
y = |x + b| + c

References
Python Turtle And The Cartesian Plane | ILLUMINATION (medium.com)
Find the Equation of the Line with x and y Intercepts (onlinemath4all.com)

Linear Equations (Definition, Solutions, Formulas & Examples) (byjus.com)

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