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    Annotated Bibliography CSB328

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    Emma Reinke
    The document summarizes four research articles related to treating age-related macular degeneration through stem cell therapy and retinal pigment epithelium transplants. The articles discuss using stem cells to replace damaged retinal cells, testing transplants in animals, preventing epithelial to mesenchymal transition in grafted cells, and in vitro models for studying macular degeneration.

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    Annotated Bibliography CSB328

    Uploaded by

    Emma Reinke
    26 views2 pages
    The document summarizes four research articles related to treating age-related macular degeneration through stem cell therapy and retinal pigment epithelium transplants. The articles discuss using stem cells to replace damaged retinal cells, testing transplants in animals, preventing epithelial to mesenchymal transition in grafted cells, and in vitro models for studying macular degeneration.

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    The document summarizes four research articles related to treating age-related macular degeneration through stem cell therapy and retinal pigment epithelium transplants. The articles discuss using stem cells to replace damaged retinal cells, testing transplants in animals, preventing epithelial to mesenchymal transition in grafted cells, and in vitro models for studying macular degeneration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    26 views2 pages

    Annotated Bibliography CSB328

    Uploaded by

    Emma Reinke
    The document summarizes four research articles related to treating age-related macular degeneration through stem cell therapy and retinal pigment epithelium transplants. The articles discuss using stem cells to replace damaged retinal cells, testing transplants in animals, preventing epithelial to mesenchymal transition in grafted cells, and in vitro models for studying macular degeneration.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Annotated Bibliography CSB329

    Name: Emma Reinke


    Tut: T0301B
    Student #: 1007113687

    News Article: New Scientist and Associated Press. (2018, March 19). Stem Cell Therapy
    Reverses Sight Loss and Lets People Read Again. Retrieved February 3, 2023, from
    https://www.newscientist.com/article/2164134-stem-cell-therapy-reverses-sight-loss-and-
    lets-people-read-again/.
    Link: https://www.newscientist.com/article/2164134-stem-cell-therapy-reverses-sight-loss-and-
    lets-people-read-again/
    Summary: This news article highlights the discovery of treating people with aging macular
    degeneration (AMD). This was done by replacing their damaged retinal pigment epithelial
    cells (RPE’s) with RPE’s that were grown in lab from human embryonic stem cells. This
    transplant was sufficient to restore health to the eye and restore vision.

    Linked Primary Research Article: Da Cruz, L., Fynes, K., Georgiadis, O., Kerby, J., Luo, Y.
    H., Ahmado, A., Vernon, A., Daniels, J. T., Nommiste, B., Hasan, S. M., Gooljar, S. B.,
    Carr, A.-J. F., Vugler, A., Ramsden, C. M., Bictash, M., Fenster, M., Steer, J., Harbinson,
    T., Wilbrey, A., Coffey, P. J. (2018). Phase 1 clinical study of an embryonic stem cell–
    derived retinal pigment epithelium patch in age-related macular degeneration. Nature
    Biotechnology, 36(4), 328–337. PMID: 29553577. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4114.
    Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt.4114?error=cookies_not_supported&code=d02ea8ef-
    078b-4db8-95b3-585a87b55983#citeas
    Summary: Wet AMD was treated using a patch of differentiated human embryonic stem cells
    (hESC) that are derived from the RPE’s. They tested in vitro in mice and in vivo in pigs to
    determine whether the patch was safe for human use by introducing different kinds of stem
    cells, the only ones that did not produce teratomas were the terminally differentiated
    hESC-RPE cells. The two patients had improved vision at the end of the trial, although,
    because they only had 2 patients it is hard to determine whether the successful results were
    because of the transplant or other factors.

    Related Primary Research Article: Tian, H., Chen, Z., Zhu, X., Ou, Q., Wang, Z., Wu, B., Xu,
    J.-Y., Jin, C., Gao, F., Wang, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Lu, L., & Xu, G.-T. (2022). Induced
    retinal pigment epithelial cells with anti-epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition ability delay
    retinal degeneration. IScience, 25(10), 105050. PMID: 36185374.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.105050 
    Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9519511/
    Summary: In patients with AMD the RPE cells in the eye undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal
    transition (EMT), which leads to loss of vision. The researchers of this experiment wanted
    to test whether they could prevent this transition in grafted cells via transcription factors
    such as CRX, MITF-A, NR2E1, and C-MYC. Their experiment demonstrated that by
    giving these grafted cells anti-EMT properties is sufficient to lower the risk of these
    grafted hESC-RPE cells developing AMD again.
    Related Review Research Article: Bharti, K., den Hollander, A. I., Lakkaraju, A., Sinha, D.,
    Williams, D. S., Finnemann, S. C., Bowes-Rickman, C., Malek, G., & D'Amore, P. A.
    (2022). Cell culture models to study retinal pigment epithelium-related pathogenesis in
    age-related macular degeneration. Experimental eye research, 222,109170.
    PMID: 35835183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2022.109170
    Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35835183/
    Summary: In this paper the authors goal is to demonstrate the different in vitro models for
    studying AMG. They show the various cell lineages that are useful in this endeavor to
    study the effects of AMG and how to safely replace the damaged hESC-RPE cells. They
    finish off their review on the various currently ongoing and past models that revolve
    around AMG treatment.

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