Cdi Tracks 1

FUNDAMENTALS OF
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION;
Is an ART that deals with the IDENTITY and LOCATION of the
suspect and provides evidence of guilt through CRIMINAL
PROCEEDINGS.
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION AS;
ART,SCIENCE and PROCESS.
INVESTIGATION ; collection of evidence to accomplish the threefold
aim.
a. Identify the guilty party
b. Location of guilty part
c. Provide evidence of their guilt.
Exemptions;
RULE 115 (rules of court)
Art. III section12 (1987 constitution)
ETYMOLOGY; from latin word
INVESTIGARE- to trackor look for traces
VESTIGUM- footprints.
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATOR ; person in charge of investigation.
QUALITIES OF A GOOD INVESTIGATOR;
Perseverance
Intelligence
Honest
Understanding of the people and their environment.
Keen power of observation.
CARDINAL RULES OF INVESTIGATION

a. Identify and question the person who notified the police that a
crime has been committed.
b. Observe the perpetrator if his identity is immediately apparent .
c. Summon assistance if necessary.
d. Safeguard the area and issue appropriate order to isolate it.
(cordoning)
e. Permit only authorized personnel to eter the crime scene.
f. Separate all witnesses to obtain independent statement from
them.
g. MAC rule (Do NOT Move, Alter or Change the crime scene)
h. 5W and 1H (who,why, what, when,where ,how)
i. 6 whys.
TOOLS ON CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION (3 I’s)

INFORMATION: It is the knowledge or data obtain from person
or records.
CLASS OF INFORMATION:
a. Regular source - government records and files.
b. Cultivated source – information from informants, vendors,
drivers and assets.
c. Grapevine source- from underworld criminals , ex-convict and
prisoners.
INTERVIEW: A conversation with purpose, motivated bya

desire to obtain certain information.
I.R.O.N.I.C format (MECHANICS OF INTERVIEW)
Identity (Introduction)
Rapport (establishment of rapport)
Opening statement (establish the interview)
Narration (observe reaction)
Inquiry (develop the interview theme)
Conclusion (close the interview)
INTERVIEW TECHNIQUE
1. Mendez principle
2. Cognitive Interview
3. Reid technique
TYPE OF INTERVIEWEE ;
1.friendly
2. neutral
3. hostile
PLANS TO CONSIDER ON INTERVIEWING;
1. Plan the interview
2. Language of the interview
3. Question typology
4. Note taking
5. Detecting deceptions
6. Seeking (admission,confession)
INTERROGATION: The forceful/rigid questioning of a person or
suspect of having committed an offense who reluctant to make
full disclosure of information in his possession which is pertinent
to the investigation.
PURPOSE OF INTEROGATION
a. Obtain confession to the crime
b. To inducethe suspect to make admission
c. To learn facts of the crime
d. To learn the identityand location of accomplices.
e. To develop information which will lead to the recovery and
fruits of the crime.
f. To discover the details of crimes participated by suspct.
ATTITUDE OF INVESTIGATOR
a. Dominate the interview
b. Avoid distracting mannerism
c. Language
d. Dress
e. Preliminary conduct
f. Presence of other person
g. Place
INTERROGATION ROOM
a. One door and absence of a window
b. Simplicity
c. Straight back chair for the suspect, table with flat surface,
th back of the suspect must face the door.
d. Installation of recording device and one-way mirror.
INTERROGATION TECHNIQUES
1. Emotional appeal
2. Sympathetic appeal
3. Extenuation
4. Shifting the blame
5. Mutt and jeff
6. Bluff on a split pair
7. Pretense of physical evidence
8. Jolting
9. Safe haven provision.
5 RIGHT philosophy (the RIGHT officer asking the RIGHT
questions in the RIGHT manner at the RIGHT time and in the
RIGHT place will get the RIGHT answer.)
INSTRUMENTATION ; the application of instruments and
methods of physical science to the detection of crime.
Physical evidence that are subject to forensic science are
pertinent to the crime solving.
WAYS OF IDENTIFYING THE CRIMINALS
a. Judicial Confession
b. Extra-judicial confession
c. Admission
KINDS OF CRIMINALS
a. known criminals
b. unknown criminals
IDENTIFICATION BY WITNESS
a. Verbal description
b. Photographic files
c. General photograph
d. Artist sketch
e. Physical line up
f. Physical show up
ANTHROPOMETRY – Alphonse Bertillon (body measurement)
Dactyloscopy – Sir Edward Richard henry in Europe and Juan
Vucetich in Spanish speaking country (fingerprint classification)
FORENSIC SEROLOGY- Karl Landsteiner (blood typing)
POROSCOPY- Edmond Locard (sweat pores)
PHOTOGRAPHY- Rudolf Reiss (preservation ofevidence
through photograph)
POLYGRPH- John Larson (Lie detection)
GENETIC FINGERPRINTING – Alex Jeffrey (semen and saliva)

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FUNDAMENTALS OF

CARDINAL RULES OF INVESTIGATION

TOOLS ON CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION (3 I’s)

INTERVIEW: A conversation with purpose, motivated bya

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