Decoding SBM-U 2.0 and AMRUT 2.

0 and Opportunities
for the Toilet Board Coalition

Swacch Bharat Mission – Urban (SBM-U) 2.0

Introduction

The announcement for the launch of SBM was made on 15th August 2014, and was formally
launched on 2nd October 2014. The objectives of the Mission were - Eradication of open
defecation in all statutory towns; 100% scientific management of municipal solid waste in all
statutory towns; and effecting behaviour change through Jan Andolan (mass movement).
Over the last seven years, about 7 million household, community and public toilets have been
built. The Mission was able to bring about a marked difference in the lives of sanitation workers
and informal waste workers with over half a million sanitation workers linked to social welfare
schemes. Swachh Survekshan, the world’s largest urban cleanliness survey covering over 4,000
Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) was initiated under SBM-Urban in 2016. Over the years, the survey
has received over 70 million citizen feedback cumulatively. Continuous capacity building of state
and city level officials was undertaken, with over 1 million municipal officials and staff trained
on various Mission components.

Highlights of SBM 2.0

¨ All statutory towns expected to become at least ODF+1 and all cities with less than
100,000 population ODF++2
¨ Complete liquid waste management in cities with less than 100,000 population
¨ Special focus on the well-being on sanitation and informal waste workers
¨ Focus on sustaining the sanitation and solid waste management outcomes achieved
and accelerate the momentum generated, taking Urban India to the next level of
‘Swachhata’ (Cleanliness)
¨ Greater emphasis on source segregation for Sustainable Solid Waste Management
¨ Remediation of all legacy dumpsites to be key component

The focus of SBM-U 2.0 in the next 5 years will be on sustaining the sanitation and solid waste
management outcomes achieved and accelerate the momentum generated, thus taking Urban
India to the next level of ‘Swachhata’.

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At any point of the day, not a single person is found defecating and/or urinating in the open, and all community and public toilets
are functional and well-maintained
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ODF+ AND faecal sludge/septage and sewage is safely managed and treated, with no discharging and/or dumping of untreated
faecal sludge/septage and sewage in drains, water bodies or open areas

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The Mission will focus on ensuring complete access to sanitation facilities to serve additional
population migrating from rural to urban areas in search of employment and better opportunities
over the next 5 years. This will be done through the construction of over 350,000 individual,
community and public toilets. Complete liquid waste management in cities with less than
100,000 population – a new component introduced under SBM-Urban 2.0 will ensure that all
wastewater is safely contained, collected, transported and treated so that no wastewater pollutes
water bodies.
Urban India was declared open defecation free (ODF) in 2019 following which the Mission has
propelled urban India on the path of sustainable sanitation, with over 3,000 cities and over 950
cities being certified ODF+ and ODF++ respectively. Cities are working towards Water+3
certification under the Water+ Protocol which focuses on treatment of wastewater and its
optimum reuse.
It is expected that under SBM-U 2.0, all statutory towns will become at least ODF+; and all cities
with less than 100,000 population ODF++. Systems and processes will be in place so that all
waste water is safely treated and optimally reused and no untreated wastewater pollutes water
bodies.
Special focus will be put on the well-being of sanitation and informal waste workers, through
provision of personal protective equipment and safety kits, linkages with government welfare
schemes along with their capacity building.
Under the Sustainable Solid Waste Management, greater emphasis will be on source segregation.
Material Recovery Facilities, and waste processing facilities will be set up, with a focus
on phasing out single use plastic. Construction & demolition waste processing facilities will be
set up and mechanical sweepers deployed in National Clean Air Programme cities and in cities
with more than half a million population. Remediation of all legacy dumpsites will be another
key component of the Mission. It is expected that all cities will achieve at least 3-star Garbage
Free certification under SBM-U 2.0.

A financial outlay of USD 18.81b has been finalized for SBM-U 2.0, including central share of
USD 4.84b for the period 2021-22 to 2025-26 which is over 2.5 times the financial outlay of USD
8.24b in the last phase of the Mission.

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A city is declared Water Plus only after all wastewater released from households and commercial establishments is treated to a
satisfactory level before releasing the treated wastewater to the environment

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Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) 2.0

Introduction
AMRUT was launched as the first water – focused Mission in 2015, with a total Mission outlay of
USD 13.28b. The Mission caters to 500 major cities covering 60% of the urban population.

The thrust areas of the Mission are: water supply, sewerage facilities and septage management,
storm water drains to reduce flooding, pedestrian, non-motorized and public transport facilities,
parking spaces, and enhancing amenity value of cities by creating and upgrading green spaces,
parks and recreation centers, especially for children.

Under the Mission, 11.4 million water tap connections and 8.5 million sewer connections have
been provided. 6,000 MLD of Sewage Treatment capacity is to be developed through AMRUT, of
which 1,800 MLD of treatment capacity has been developed. Further, 907 MLD capacity is created
for recycle/reuse of treated used water. Through green spaces projects, 3,850 acre of permeable
green spaces have been added and another 1,600 acre of green area will be added. 2,200 water
logging points have been eliminated & another 1,500 water logging points through ongoing
projects will be eliminated. Rejuvenation of 106 water bodies has been taken up.

Highlights of AMRUT 2.0

¨ To make the cities ‘Aatmanirbhar’ (self-reliant) and ‘water secure’
¨ Extends coverage from 500 cities under AMRUT to all around 4700 cities and towns
¨ 26.8 million urban household tap connections to be provided during Mission
¨ Mission to have a reform agenda and promote PPP

Taking the transformations further, AMRUT 2.0 aims to make around 4,700 towns / cities ‘water
secure’. It will build upon the progress of AMRUT to address water needs, rejuvenate water
bodies, better manage aquifers, reuse treated wastewater, thereby promoting circular economy
of water.
The objective of AMRUT 2.0 is to provide 100% coverage of water supply to all households in
around 4,700 ULBs, by providing 26.8 million urban household tap connections. It will provide
100% coverage of sewerage and septage in 500 AMRUT cities, by providing 26.4 million sewer
connections/septage connections. Rejuvenation of water bodies and urban aquifer management
will be undertaken to augment sustainable fresh water supply. Recycle and reuse of treated
wastewater is expected to cater to 20% of total water needs of the cities and 40% of industrial
demand. Under the Mission, fresh water bodies will be protected from getting polluted to make
natural resources sustainable.
Defining features of AMRUT-2.0 include upscaling from 500 cities covered under AMRUT with
100,000+ population to all 4,372 cities, covering 100% urban India. It will promote circular
economy of water through formulation of City Water Balance Plan for each city, focusing on
recycle/reuse of treated sewage, rejuvenation of water bodies and water conservation. Digital

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economy will be promoted through being a Paperless Mission. Pey Jal Survekshan (drinking water
survey) will be conducted in cities to ascertain equitable distribution of water, reuse of
wastewater and mapping of water bodies w.r.t. quantity and quality of water through a challenge
process. Technology Sub-Mission for water will leverage latest global technologies in the field
of water.
The Mission seeks to promote AatmaNirbhar Bharat through encouraging Startups and
Entrepreneurs. It will lead to promotion of GIG economy and on-boarding of youth & women.
Target based capacity building program will be conducted for all stakeholders including
contractors, plumbers, plant operators, students, women and other stakeholders.
Mission has a reform agenda, with focus on strengthening of urban local bodies and water
security of the cities. Major reforms include rejuvenation of water bodies, rain water harvesting,
reducing Non-Revenue Water (NRW), meeting 40% industrial water demand through recycled
used water, dual piping system for bulk users through building bye-laws, unlocking value &
improving land use efficiency through proper master planning, improving credit rating &
accessing market finance including issuance of municipal bonds and implementation Online
Building Permission System under EoDB.
Notification on property tax related to circle rates & increasing periodically, and user charges
related to O&M costs is a mandatory reform under AMRUT 2.0. Second instalment of central
share will be released only on implementing mandatory reforms. Incentive based reforms will be
Rejuvenation of water bodies in cities; Reducing non-revenue water to 20%; Rain water
harvesting in all institutional buildings; Reuse of 20%treated waste water; Reuse of waste water
to meet 40% industrial water demand; Development of green spaces & parks; Improving credit
rating & access to market finance by ULBs; and Improving land use efficiency, through GIS based
master planning & efficient town planning
The AMRUT-2.0 Mission will promote Public Private Partnership (PPP). It has been mandated for
cities having million plus population to take up PPP projects worth minimum of 10 percent of
their total project fund allocation which could be on Annuity/ Hybrid Annuity / BOT Model.

The total outlay of AMRUT 2.0 is USD 39.45b, including central share of USD 10.2b. This
includes USD 1.33b Central share and another USD 1.33b states’ share for continuing financial
support to AMRUT Mission up to March 2023.

4798 ULBs have already signed the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Central
Government, outlining the role and commitments of all the stakeholders in both the Missions.

Specific guidelines for both the Missions are yet to be released by the Government of India.

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What this means for TBC?

SBM 2.0 and AMRTU 2.0 fundamentally provide opportunities in two major streams – provision
of access to safe, hygienic sanitation facilities via public/community toilet business models and
treatment solutions package that includes standardization, testing, integrating supply chains of
treated products and monetization of these treated products. Both the Missions provide
conducive environment for implementing asset management principles.

Specific opportunities

1. Construction of over 350,000 household/public/community toilets – a clear opportunity

for LIXIL and our cohort companies to work with various ULBs to build at least a part of
this requirement. Since businesses would be involved it would ensure training,
development and provision of decent employment to sanitation workers in the process
of professionalizing the services.

2. Complete liquid waste management and working towards ODF+ and ODF++ - While
ODF+ focuses on O&M of all public and community toilets providing business
opportunity to our entrepreneurs in toilet businesses, ODF++ also includes FSSM that
creates a direct opportunity to our entrepreneurs involved in treatment of fecal sludge
and wastewater.

3. Setting up of Material Recovery Facilities and waste processing – An opportunity for

our cohort companies involved in these businesses that particularly deal with creating
value out of single use plastics – which at the moment is missing from the larger
ecosystem of service providers in India.

4. Millions of water, sewage and septage connections – service opportunity to check for
sources of leakages, pollution, blockages, and maintain the overall health of all these
connections.

5. Amendments to building bye-laws to ensure dual piping for promoting the usage of
treated water for industrial purposes – opportunity for wastewater treatment
companies within our cohort.

6. Promoting Public Private Partnerships – opportunity to implement asset management

concepts in provision of access to sanitation and treatment solutions.

7. Promoting AtmaNirbhar Bharat by encouraging Startups and entrepreneurs – overall

opportunity for TBC and its members.