Lecture15-Form Processing in PHP

Form
Processing in
PHP
Forms
Forms are special components which allow your site visitors to supply various
information on the HTML page.
We have previously talked about creating HTML forms.
Forms typically include some input elements to gather information.
We have also talked about client-side form validation using javascript.
This time we are going to talk about processing forms at server side using PHP.
Forms
index.html
<form name="myForm" id="myForm">

<br><br>
<span id="firstname">Firstname: </span>
<input type="text" name="firstname"><br><br>
<span id="lastname">Lastname: </span>
<input type="text" name="lastname"><br><br>
<input type="submit" name="submitBtn">
<input type="reset" name="resetBtn">
</form>
Forms
HTML forms can have many attributes. Two of the most important attributes for
HTML forms that we haven't talked about so far are:
action: The action parameter tells the browser what script/site must be called when
the visitor presses the submit button.
method: The method parameter tells the browser by which method to send the user
submitted data to the web-server. The parameter values are either POST or GET.
Forms
index.html
<form name="myForm" id="myForm"

action="process.php" method="GET">
<br><br>
</form>
We are telling the browser to send form data

to "process.php" file by using "get" method,
upon form submission.
Accessing Form Data in PHP using GET
when the user enters information in the form and clicks the submit button, the form
data will be sent to the PHP file specified by the action attribute
When GET method is used, form data will be saved in an array called $_GET
$_GET is an associative array, with the form field names used as the array keys and
form field values stored as values
This array element holds the value
$_GET['firstname'] for firstname field in the form
$_GET['lastname']
for lastname field in the form
Using Form Data in PHP
Once you know how to access form data in PHP, you can use it just like any other
variable
In this example, we write a PHP function that welcomes the user to our web site.
process.php
<?php
function welcome($fname, $lname)
{
echo '<h1>Welcome ' . $fname . ' ' . $lname . '!</h1>';
}
welcome($_GET['firstname'], $_GET['lastname'])
?>
Did you notice the URL changed?!
Great! Now we have an HTML form that sends data back to our server for
processing. And we have a separate PHP script that reads that data and does some
simple stuff with it.
Check it out here!
Once you submit the form, you see a welcome message on a new page.
But did you notice the URL changed once you submit the form?
Why did the URL change?
There are 2 reasons for this:
1. We had our PHP script in a separate file from our form fields
2. We are using GET method to send data back to the server
We could have used a single PHP file to show our HTML form and process it!
Let's see how

PHP and HTML in the Same File
index2.php
<?php
if ($_GET['firstname'] != null)
{
{
}
welcome($_GET['firstname'], $_GET['lastname']);
}
else {
?>
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Form Validation</title>
PHP and HTML in the Same File
index2.php continued
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css">

</head>
<body>
<div id="container">
<h1>Sample Form</h1>
<form name="myForm" id="myForm" action="index2.php" method="get">
<br><br>
<input type="submit" name="submitBtn"><input type="reset" name="resetBtn">
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
<?php
}
?>
method="GET"
When using method="get" in HTML forms, all variable names and values are
displayed in the URL.
This method should not be used when sending passwords or other sensitive
information!
However, because the variables are displayed in the URL, it is possible to bookmark
the page. This can be useful in some cases.
The get method is not suitable for large variable values; the value cannot exceed
100 chars.
method="POST"
The built-in $_POST array is used to collect values from a form sent with
method="post".
Information sent from a form with the POST method is invisible to others and has no
limits on the amount of information to send.
Form with method="POST"
index3.html
<form name="myForm" id="myForm"

action="process2.php" method="POST">
<br><br>
</form>
We are telling the browser to send form data

to "process.php" file by using "post" method,
upon form submission.
Accessing Form Data in PHP using POST
when the user enters information in the form and clicks the submit button, the form
data will be sent to the PHP file specified by the action attribute
When POST method is used, form data will be saved in an array called $_POST
$_POST is an associative array, with the form field names used as the array keys and
form field values stored as values
$_POST['firstname'] for firstname field in the form
$_POST['lastname']
for lastname field in the form
Using Form Data in PHP
Once you know how to access "POST" form data in PHP, you can use it just like any
other variable
In this example, we write a PHP function that welcomes the user to our web site.
process2.php
<?php
{
}
welcome($_POST['firstname'], $_POST['lastname'])
?>
Check the URL
Great! Now we have an HTML form that sends data back to our server for
processing using POST method. And we have a separate PHP script that reads that
data and does some simple stuff with it.
Check it out here!
Once you submit the form, you see a welcome message on a new page.
But this time, unlike when we used GET method, nothing is attached to the URL.
Everything is invisible to the user.

GET vs POST
We showed that form data can be submitted to the server, using POST or GET
methods
With GET, form data will be attached to the URL and is visible to the user
With POST, data is hidden from the user.
But regardless of the differences, both methods can be used to achieve the same
functionality while processing forms.
From now on, we are going to use POST method, but everything we discuss also
applies to GET method.
Form Processing in PHP
Now that we know the basics of form processing in PHP, let's create a real example
of how this can be used.
You can download the complete example from here.
Remember that, this example includes PHP, so you need a webserver with PHP
If you have WAMP or MAMP installed, untar the file and copy the contents in your
www or public_html folder.

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Form

We have previously talked about creating HTML forms.

Forms typically include some input elements to gather information.

We have also talked about client-side form validation using javascript.

<form name="myForm" id="myForm">

<form name="myForm" id="myForm"

We are telling the browser to send form data

Check it out here!

Let's see how

<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css">

<form name="myForm" id="myForm"

We are telling the browser to send form data

Check it out here!

Everything is invisible to the user.

With POST, data is hidden from the user.

You can download the complete example from here.

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