Mcdonalds Franchise Agreement

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Analyzing McDonald’s Franchise Agreement and Structure

McDonald’s has a mix of franchises and company-owned stores. In this article, we’ll look at
McDonald’s franchise agreement. We’ll also look at McDonald’s franchising model and compare it with its
company-owned stores. Notably, the company’s franchising model makes it looks like a real estate company as
well as a fast-food chain. Gradually, the share of franchised stores in its overall stores has risen. McDonald’s
intends to increase this share even further. That said, company-owned stores are a key component for
McDonald’s despite their falling share in its revenue mix.
McDonald’s franchise agreement
Like most other fast-food chains, McDonald’s has a mix of company-owned and franchise stores. The
company enters into an agreement with a franchise that then operates a restaurant or a set of restaurants.
According to McDonald’s, about 93% of its stores were owned and operated by franchisees at the end of
2018. The company aims to increase the share of franchises to 95% in the long term. Notably, the contribution
of franchises to McDonald’s revenues has increased gradually. Franchise agreement tenure
Each of the company’s franchisees usually has a standard 20-year franchise license agreement. A
franchise license is an authorization granted by either a company or a government body to an individual or a
group. This authorization enables them to perform specific commercial activities. For McDonald’s, the
franchise model has led to years of profitability, growth, and risk mitigation.
Different franchise agreements
McDonald’s has the following types of franchise structures
 Conventional franchise: Under this model, McDonald’s either owns the land or leases it for the long
term. Under the agreement, the franchisee pays for other items such as seating, equipment, and décor.
 Development license or affiliate: Under this type of franchise agreement, the franchisee also provides
capital for real estate. Typically, under such a franchise agreement, McDonald’s does not invest capital
and earns a royalty plus an initial fee.
 Costs to open a McDonald’s franchise
According to McDonald’s guidelines, it requires “a minimum of $500,000 of non-borrowed personal
resources” to be considered for a US franchise. According to the company, the down payment required to start a
new McDonald’s franchise is about 40%. The down payment required to purchase an existing franchise is 25%.
McDonald’s specifies that the down payment must come from non-borrowed personal resources. In addition to
monetary capital, significant human capital is required in the form of business experience, customer service experience,
business planning skills, and accounting skills. Also, a significant time investment is required, including formal training in
company policies and procedures.
What a franchisee pays under the agreement
Under the McDonald’s franchise agreement, the franchise also pays:

 A service fee: The company has a service fee of 4.0% of monthly sales.
 Rent: McDonald’s also charges monthly rent. This can be a base rent or based on sales.
 Risks. The risks associated with McDonald’s franchise business model include the counterparty risk, like in any
other agreement. These include whether its franchisees have the experience and financial resources to be effective
operators. Plus, the franchisees are expected to remain aligned with the company on operational, promotional, and
capital-intensive initiatives.

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