UNIT 6: FUTURE

WILL AND GOING TO

1. WILL

• Use: will is used:

1. To express a future decision or intention made at the moment of

speaking.
“floodgate is open!”. “Is it? I’ll close it”
I’ll give you the worksheet in a minute.
“Which do you want? The hammer or the sledgehammer?”
- “I’ll take the hammer, thank you.”
2. To express an offer
I’ll carry your packets.
We’ll clean the tools.

3. We use will for predictions when we have no real evidence:

"The government will support us." (It's my feeling but I can't be
sure.)
You will obtain support from Top Management.
You will enjoy Reliability.

• Form: Will + infinitive without to. The forms of will are the same for all
persons.
• Affirmative

Subject Will infinitive witout to Complement

I
You
He/she/it absolutely
will be
We successful
You
They

eg.
The initial lessons will help you to accelerate the process in the subsequent
stages.
  Contracted way

Subject ‘ll infinitive without to Complement

I
You
He/she/it
‘ll be absolutely successful
We
You
They
e.g.
They’ll help you to accelerate the process in the subsequent stages.
We don’t say:
The initial lessons’ll help you to accelerate the process in the subsequent stages.
 Exercises: write these statements in will future tense:
1. The researchers make a Pilot Project.
______________________________________
2. We provide the basic training for Top Management.
________________________________________________
3. Auditors are able to catch obsolete inventory items faster, which allow them
to value the inventory more easily.
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
4. You obtain support from Top Management.
______________________________________________
5. The maintenance manager makes the Results Evaluation and the Audits.
___________________________________________________________
 Exercises: write these statements in will future tense:
1. The researchers make a Pilot Project.
The researchers will make a pilot project.
2. We provide the basic training for Top Management.
We’ll provide the basic training for Top Management.
3. Auditors are able to catch obsolete inventory items faster, which allow them
to value the inventory more easily.
Auditors will be able to catch obsolete inventory items faster, which will
allow them to value the inventory more easily.
4. You obtain support from Top Management.
You will obtain support from Top Management.
5. The maintenance manager makes the Results Evaluation and the Audits.
The maintenance manager will make the Results Evaluation and the Audits.
  Negative

Subject Will Not Infinitive without to Complement

I
You

He/she/it
will not be successful
We
You
They

e.g.
The latest lessons will not help you to accelerate the process in the previous stages.
  Contracted way

Will+Not Infinitive
Subject Complement
Won’t without to
I
You
He/she/it
won’t be successful
We
You
They

e.g.
The latest lessons won’t help you to accelerate the process in the previous stages.
 Exercises: write the negative form of the statements:

1. The researchers will make a pilot project.

______________________________________
2. We’ll provide the basic training for Top Management.
___________________________________________________
3. Auditors will be able to catch obsolete inventory items faster, which will allow
them to value the inventory more easily.
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
4. You will obtain support from top management.
______________________________________________
5. The maintenance manager will make the results evaluation and the audits.
________________________________________________________________
 Exercises: write the negative form of the statements:

1. The researchers will make a pilot project.

The researchers won’t make a pilot project.
2. We’ll provide the basic training for Top Management.
We will not provide the basic training for Top Management.
3. Auditors will be able to catch obsolete inventory items faster, which allow them to
value the inventory more easily.
Auditors won’t be able to catch obsolete inventory items faster, which will not
allow them to value the inventory more easily.
4. You will obtain support from top management.
You will not obtain support from top management.
5. The maintenance manager will make the results evaluation and the audits.
The maintenance manager won’t make the results evaluation and the audits.
 Question
 Questions with question words:

Question word Will Subject infinitive without to Complement

I
you
he/she/it absolutely
When will be
successful?
we
you
they
e.g.
How will the initial lessons help you to accelerate the process in the
subsequent stages?
 Yes/No questions and short answers

infinitive Short answer

Will Subject without Complement
to Affirmative Negative*

I Yes, you will No, you won’t

you Yes, I will No, I will not
he/she/it absolutely Yes, he/she/it will No, he/she/it won’t
Will be
we successful? Yes, you/we will No, you/we won’t
you Yes, we will No, we will not
they Yes, they will No, they will not

* contracted way is possible

e.g.
Will the initial lessons help you to accelerate the process in the subsequent stages?
– Yes, they will.
 Note
No, I won’t is not common because it can be impolite:
If somebody says will you help me? the answer No, I won’t means “I don’t
want to help you”.
A polite way of saying “no” here is “I’m afraid I can’t”.
Exercises: write the questions putting in order the scrambled ones:
1. the/ expand /the /will/ project /stakeholders?
_________________________________________
2. provide/ we/ the/ why /Top/ basic/ Management/ training/ for/ will?
______________________________________________________
3. able/ faster/ auditors/ will/ obsolete/ be/ to/ items/ how/ catch/
inventory?
________________________________________________________
4. You/ self-trained/ be/ will.
__________________________
5. Score-Card/ will/ when/ establish/ Key/ a/ Control/ you/ with/ Indicators?
____________________________________________________
Exercises: write the questions putting in order the scrambled ones:
1. the/ expand /the /will/ project /stakeholders?
Will the stakeholders expand the project?
2. provide/ we/ the/ why /Top/ basic/ Management/ training/ for/ will?
Why will we provide the basic training for Top Management?
3. able/ faster/ auditors/ will/ obsolete/ be/ to/ items/ how/ catch/
inventory?
How will auditors be able to catch obsolete inventory items faster?
4. You/ self-trained/ be/ will.
Will you be self-trained?
5. Score-Card/ will/ when/ establish/ Key/ a/ Control/ you/ with/ Indicators?
When will you establish a Control Score-Card with Key Indicators?
2. GOING TO

• Use:

1. ‘Going to’ expresses a person’s intentions and plans made before the
moment of speaking.
She’s going to travel to our subsidiary in London next week.
We’re going to implement predictive maintenance this summer.

2. Often there is no difference between ‘going to’ and the present continuous
to refer to a future intention.
I’m seeing the manager this afternoon.
I’m going to see the manager this afternoon.
 With the verbs to go and to come, we usually use the Present Continuous
for future plans.
We’re going to Paris next week.
Joe and I are coming to work next Sunday.

3. We often use ‘going to’ to make a prediction about the future. Our
prediction is based on evidence. We can see or feel now that something
is certain to happen in the future.
Careful! That container is going to explode!

• Form:
Am/is/are + going to + infinitive
 Affirmative

Subject To be Going to infinitive complement

I am
He
She is
it going to work in Europe
We
You are
They

e.g.
If you do a good job you are going to be promoted
• Contracted way

Subject To be Going to infinitive complement

I ‘m
He
She ‘s
it going to work in Europe
We
You ‘re
They

e.g.
If you do a good job you’re going to be promoted
• Negative

Subject To be Particle Not Going to Infinitive Complement

I am
He
She is
it not going to work in Europe
We
You are
They

e.g.
If you do a bad job you are not going to be promoted
• Contracted way I

Subject To be Particle Not Going to Infinitive Complement

I ‘m

He
She ‘s
not going to work in Europe
it
We
You ‘re
They

e.g.
If you do a bad job you’re not going to be promoted
• Contracted way II

Subject To be + not Going to Infinitive Complement

I ‘m not

He
She isn’t
it going to work in Europe

We
You aren’t
They
e.g.
If you do a bad job you aren´t going to be promoted
 Exercises: write the following statements in negative form
1. Ing. Morales is going to begin without a detailed planning.
_____________________________________________
2. We are going to develop a 100% reliable methodology.
_______________________________________________________
3. They are going to apply the new method since January.
_______________________________________________________
4. Lists of failure modes are going to include every process that is likely to
cause a functional failure.
_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________
5. Our company is going to try to begin the implementation of RCM without
external support.
_______________________________________________________
 Exercises: write the following statements in negative form
1. Ing. Morales is going to begin without a detailed planning.
Ing. Morales is not going to begin without a detailed planning.
2. We are going to develop a 100% reliable methodology.
We are not going to develop a 100% reliable methodology.
3. They are going to apply the new method since January.
They are not going to apply the new method since January.
4. Lists of failure modes are going to include every process that is likely to
cause a functional failure.
Lists of failure modes are not going to include every process that is likely
to cause a functional failure.
5. Our company is going to try to begin the implementation of RCM without
external support.
Our company is not going to try to begin the implementation of RCM
without external support.
• Questions

Question
Verb to be subject Going to Infinitive Complement
word
am I
are you
is he/she/it
When going to work In Europe?
we
are you
they

e.g.
Why are you going to be promoted?
  Yes/No questions and short answers

Verb Short answer

Subject Going to Infinitive Complement
to be Affirmative Negative*
Am I Yes, You are No, you aren’t
Are you Yes, I am No, I am not

Is he/she/it going to work In Europe? Yes, he/she/it is No, he/she/it isn’t

we Yes, you/we are No, you/we aren’t

Are you Yes, we are No, we are not
they Yes, they are No, they are not
* contracted way is possible
e.g.
Are you going to be promoted? – Yes, we are.
 Exercises: write the questions putting in order the scrambled ones:
1. going/ are/ how/ we/ our/ to/ RCM/ plan/ project?
_______________________________________
2. trained/ to/an /they /are/ by/ be/specialist/going?
_______________________________________
3. Procedures/ error/ company/ trial/ is/ our/ to/ use/ going/ and/? – not/
No,/ it’s
_______________________________________________________
4. Is/ when/ training/ Management/ program/ the/ going/ receive/ Top/
complete/ to?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________

5. Are/ be/ results/ to/ going/ when/ evaluated/ the?

_______________________________________
 Exercises: write the questions putting in order the scrambled ones:

1. going/ are/ how/ we/ our/ to/ RCM/ plan/ project?

How are we going to plan our RCM project?
2. trained/ to/an /they /are/ by/ be/specialist/going?
Are they going to be trained by an specialist?
3. Procedures/ error/ company/ trial/ is/ our/ to/ use/ going/ and/? – not/
No,/ it’s
Is our company going to use trial and error procedures ? - No it’s not
4. Is/ when/ training/ Management/ program/ the/ going/ receive/ Top/
complete/ to?
When is Top Management going to receive the complete training
program?
5. Are/ be/ results/ to/ going/ when/ evaluated/ the?
When are the results going to be evaluated?
3. WILL OR GOING TO?

Look at the use of will and going to in these sentences.

We’re going to audit every analysis and its implementation.

(We decided it in the last senior management meeting)

What should we do with the extra paper?

- Umm…! I’ll put it back to the storeroom!
- That’s a good idea!
(I decided at the moment of speaking)

You will expand the project (I think is possible you can do it)
You are going to expand the project (your success is certain. There are evidences for it)
Exercises: choose the correct will or going to future according with the context:

1. The project _____________ finish next month. Everything is almost done.

2. The Auditors _____________ assess both the analysis content, and the

results. It’s their duty.

3. I think you _____________ enjoy reliability

4. What ________ you __________ do in the headquarters?

5. In the manager’s opinion this method __________ be simpler.

Exercises: choose the correct will or going to future according with the context:

1. The project __is going to__ finish next month. Everything is almost done.

2. The Auditors __are going to__ assess both the analysis content, and the

results. It’s their duty.

3. I think you __will__ enjoy reliability

4. What __are__ you __going to__ do in the headquarters?

5. In the manager’s opinion this method __will__ be simpler.