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    Bio Investigatory Project On Drug Addiction

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    Behrupia Gaming
    This document provides an overview of drugs, their classification, effects, and prevention of addiction. It begins with an introduction defining drugs and drug abuse. It then classifies drugs into four major groups and describes how drug addiction begins, typically due to social and psychological factors. It outlines the short-term effects like loss of appetite and long-term effects including organ damage. Specific harmful drugs discussed include heroin, cannabinoids, and cocaine. The document also examines alcohol in depth, describing its impacts on health and the risks of binge drinking. It notes that combining drugs and alcohol can have dangerous or deadly effects. The aim is to study how to prevent drug addiction.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Bio Investigatory Project On Drug Addiction

    Uploaded by

    Behrupia Gaming
    52 views6 pages
    This document provides an overview of drugs, their classification, effects, and prevention of addiction. It begins with an introduction defining drugs and drug abuse. It then classifies drugs into four major groups and describes how drug addiction begins, typically due to social and psychological factors. It outlines the short-term effects like loss of appetite and long-term effects including organ damage. Specific harmful drugs discussed include heroin, cannabinoids, and cocaine. The document also examines alcohol in depth, describing its impacts on health and the risks of binge drinking. It notes that combining drugs and alcohol can have dangerous or deadly effects. The aim is to study how to prevent drug addiction.

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    This document provides an overview of drugs, their classification, effects, and prevention of addiction. It begins with an introduction defining drugs and drug abuse. It then classifies drugs into four major groups and describes how drug addiction begins, typically due to social and psychological factors. It outlines the short-term effects like loss of appetite and long-term effects including organ damage. Specific harmful drugs discussed include heroin, cannabinoids, and cocaine. The document also examines alcohol in depth, describing its impacts on health and the risks of binge drinking. It notes that combining drugs and alcohol can have dangerous or deadly effects. The aim is to study how to prevent drug addiction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    52 views6 pages

    Bio Investigatory Project On Drug Addiction

    Uploaded by

    Behrupia Gaming
    This document provides an overview of drugs, their classification, effects, and prevention of addiction. It begins with an introduction defining drugs and drug abuse. It then classifies drugs into four major groups and describes how drug addiction begins, typically due to social and psychological factors. It outlines the short-term effects like loss of appetite and long-term effects including organ damage. Specific harmful drugs discussed include heroin, cannabinoids, and cocaine. The document also examines alcohol in depth, describing its impacts on health and the risks of binge drinking. It notes that combining drugs and alcohol can have dangerous or deadly effects. The aim is to study how to prevent drug addiction.

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    Object 1

    Acknowledgement
    I am very grateful to everyone who supported me to complete my project effectively and
    moreover on time. My deep acknowledgment and gratitude go to all those who helped me
    present these ideas well.
    I would like to express my gratitude to my biology teacher Mrs.Prajapati for her support
    and guidance in completing this project. I respect and thank Mrs.Prajapati for giving us an
    opportunity to do this project and providing us all the valuable support and guidance which
    made us complete the project on time.

    Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot in
    finalizing this project within the limited time frame.

    Table of content
    • Aim and objective

    • Introduction

    • Classification of drugs

    • How drug addiction begins?

    • Short term effects

    • Long term effects

    • Some harmful drugs

    • Alcohol

    • Combinations of drugs and alcohol

    • Conclusion

    • Bibliography
    Aim and objective
    To study drugs,their classification,addictive nature and prevention from addiction
    Introduction
    Any substance, other than food, used in the prevention, diagnosis, all aviation or
    treatment of a disease is called a drug. Drug is also known as a medicine. Generally,
    the term drugs applied to any stimulating or depressing substance that can be
    habituating or addictive.
    Drug abuse, also called substance abuse or chemical abuse, is a disorder that is
    characterized by a destructive pattern of using a substance that leads to significant
    problems or distress. Teens are increasingly engaging in prescription drug abuse,
    particularly narcotics (which are prescribed to relieve severe pain), and stimulant
    medications, which treat conditions like attention deficit disorder and narcolepsy.

    Classification of Drugs
    There are a large number of drugs on which people become dependent. These are
    classifies into four major groups: sedatives and tranquillizers, opiate narcotics,
    stimulations and hallucinogens.
    How drug addiction Begin?
    There are many factors that lead people to drug addiction.
    1. Friend’s pressure: Frequent appreciation of drug experience by friends allures
    others to start the use of drugs.
    2. Frustration and Depression: Some people start taking drugs to get relief from
    frustration and depression.
    3. Desire for More Work: Students sometimes take drugs to keep awake the whole
    night to prepare for examination. It is not desirable as it may cause mental
    breakdown.
    4. Relief from Pain: A prolonged use of pain-relieving drugs with physician’s advice
    at times leads to addiction
    5. Excitement and Adventure: The young take to drugs to satisfy their instinct for
    excitement and adventure.

    Soon they become habitual and find in difficult to leave. The daily dose to get the
    desired effect increases with time.

    Short term effects


    • Loss of appetite
    • Increased heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature
    • Increased rate of breathing
    • Dilated pupils
    • Disturbed sleep patterns
    • Nausea
    • Hyperstimulation
    • Bizarre, erratic, sometimes violent behavior
    • Hallucinations, hyperexcitability, irritability
    • Anxiety and paranoia
    • Depression
    • Panic and psychosis
    • Convulsions, seizures and sudden death from high doses (even one time)
    Long term effects
    • Permanent damage to blood vessels of ear and brain, high blood pressure, leading to
    heart attacks, strokes and death
    • Liver, kidney and lung damage
    • Respiratory failure
    • Infectious diseases and abscesses if injected
    • Malnutrition, weight loss
    • Auditory and tactile hallucinations
    • Sexual problems, reproductive damage and infertility (for both men and women)
    • Disorientation, apathy, confused exhaustion
    • Irritability and mood disturbances
    • Increased frequency of risky behavior
    • Delirium or psychosis
    • Severe depression
    Some harmful drugs
    1. Heroin:
    Commonly used as smack Heroin is chemically diacetylmorphine which is a
    white, odorless, bitter crystalline compound. This is obtained by acetylation of
    morphine which is extracted from latex of poppy plant Papaver somniferum.
    Generally taken by snorting and injection, heroin is a depressant and slows
    down body function.

    2. Cannabinoids:
    Natural cannabinoids are obtained from the inflorescences of the plant
    Cannabis sativa. The flower tops, leaves and the resin of the plant are used
    in various combinations to produce marijuana, hashish, charas and ganja.
    Generally taken by inhalation and oral ingestion, these are known for their
    effects on cardiovascular system of the body.

    3. Cocaine:
    It is obtained from coca plant Erythroxylum coca, native to South America. It
    interferes with the transport of the neuro-transmitter dopamine. Cocaine,
    commonly called coke or crack is usually snorted. It has the potent
    stimulating action on central nervous system, producing sense of euphoria
    and increased energy. Excessive dosage of cocaine causes hallucinations.
    Alcohol
    An alcoholic beverage is a drink containing ethanol, commonly known as alcohol,
    although in chemistry the definition of alcohol includes many other compounds.
    Ethanol is a centrally-acting drug with a depressant effect. Beer is an alcoholic
    beverage and thus has the same harmful effects as other kinds of alcohol, depending
    on the quantity consumed.

    Reasons for Drinking:


    •Psychological factors are curiosity, poor stress
    control, escape from reality, poor impulse control, low self – esteem, positive
    attitudes towards alcohol, to get rid of problems, to overcome loneliness, relief from
    tension and to gain courage.
    •Social factors are peer pressure, modeling, easy availability of alcohol in the market,
    party culture, family environment (Parent/s drinking alcohol), lack of family support,
    to keep up social norms and to show their masculinity.
    Impact of Drinking Alcohol:
    Unlike other foods, alcohol does not require digestion. When one drinks, alcohol is
    absorbed directly into the bloodstream through the walls of the stomach and the
    intestine.
    Once alcohol enters the bloodstream it circulates throughout the body. Alcohol is
    metabolized in the liver and is changed to carbon dioxide, water and some calories of
    energy which gets converted into fat. A small amount of alcohol goes out of the body
    through breath, urine and sweat. Regular, excessive use of alcohol causes acute and
    chronic problems related to health, occupation, family and social relationships.

    Health Problems:
    Alcohol can damage every system of our body.
    Gastro intestinal system (stomach and intestines): Increased acid secretion leading
    to acidity, ulcers, gastritis, and cancer
    Liver : Hepatitis, jaundice and vomiting of blood due to cirrhosis of liver, liver
    cancer, acute liver failure.
    Pancreas : Pancreatic damage due to inflammation of pancreas and acute pancreatitis
    leading to sudden death.
    Central nervous system: (brain and spinal cord): Permanent damage of brain
    resulting in memory disturbances, other nervous problems, fits and mental illnesses.
    Cardio vascular system: High blood pressure, increased tendency to heart attacks,
    enlargement of the heart.
    Hangovers: Excessive drinking can lead to hangovers, thus causing problems like
    headache, nausea, vomit and body aches.
    Weak immune system: Alcohol consumption makes your immune system weak, thus
    making your body more susceptible to infections.
    Cancer: Alcohol when consumed in excessive quantities puts you at a higher risk of
    developing cancer
    Fetal alcohol syndrome: Drinking alcohol in pregnancy may cause the Fetal Alcohol
    Syndrome (physical abnormalities, growth retardation and developmental delay).

    Sources:
    It is one of the products of the distillation of fermented grains, fruit juices and
    starches with the help of yeast enzymes..

    Modes of Use:
    Alcohol is taken in low concentration, as the beer, toddy and wine and in relatively
    high concentration as arrack, brandy, whisky, rum, gin, vodka etc.

    Combinations of drugs and alcohol


    Some addict use mixture of drugs to have immediate 'kid' or 'charge'.Simultaneous
    use of drugs and alcohol may produce dangerous effects including death,When
    barbiturates & alcohol are taken together each doubles the effect of other.A mixture
    of cocaine and heroin called speedball gives spontaneous kick of cocaine and
    prolonged pleause of heroin.
    Conclusion
    Drug use and addiction cause a lot of diseases and disability in the world.Recent
    advances in neuroscience may help improve policies to reduce the harm that the
    tobacco,alcohol and other psychotropic drugs impose to the society.
    Bibliography
    1.Biology Text For Class XII – NCERT
    2.H. Abadinskey Drug abuse (1989)
    3.H.T. Millon,Jr. -Chemical dependence(1990)
    4.Some other articles

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