Índice

1. Introdução.............................................................................................................................2
2. A regular verb.......................................................................................................................3
2.1. Regular Verb Rules...........................................................................................................3
2.2. Present Past Past Participle...................................................................................................4
2.2.1 Irregular verbs.....................................................................................................................5
2.2.2.What are irregular verbs?....................................................................................................5
2.2.3 Preposition..........................................................................................................................7
2.2.4 Prepositions of Direction....................................................................................................7
2.2.5 Prepositions of Time...........................................................................................................8
2.2.6 Prepositions of Place...........................................................................................................9
3.Prepositions of Location.........................................................................................................10
3.1, Adjective.............................................................................................................................10
3.1Adjectives modify nouns......................................................................................................10
3.2. VERBS................................................................................................................................11
3.3 ADVERBS...........................................................................................................................12
3.3.4 Adverb Examples..............................................................................................................13
3.3.5 Types of Adverb................................................................................................................13
4. Conclusion..........................................................................................................................14
5. Reference............................................................................................................................15
 1. Introdução

A verb whose conjugation follows a different pattern is called an irregular verb. This is one
instance of the distinction between regular and irregular inflection, which can also apply to other
word classes, such as nouns and adjectives. In English, for example, verbs such as play, enter,
and like are regular since they form their inflected parts by adding the typical endings -s, -ing
and -ed to give forms such as plays, entering, and liked

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 2. A regular verb

A regular verb is any verb whose conjugation follows the typical pattern, or one of the typical

patterns, of the language to which it belongs. A verb whose conjugation follows a different

pattern is called an irregular verb. This is one instance of the distinction between regular and

irregular inflection, which can also apply to other word classes, such as nouns and adjectives.

In English, for example, verbs such as play, enter, and like are regular since they form their

inflected parts by adding the typical endings -s, -ing and -ed to give forms such as plays,

entering, and liked. On the other hand, verbs such as drink, hit and have are irregular since some

of their parts are not made according to the typical pattern: drank and drunk (not "drinked"); hit

(as past tense and past participle, not "hitted") and has and had (not "haves" and "haved").

A regular verb is one that conforms to the usual rule for forming its simple past tense and its

past participle.

In English, the "usual" rule is to add "-ed" or "-d" to the base form of the verb to create the past

forms.

2.1. Regular Verb Rules

Writers can render a regular verb to the past tense or past participle by adding -ed or -d to its

end. Regular verbs in the past and past participle are exactly the same.

For example, while play and plays are the simple present tense of the verb to play, played is both

simple past and past participle of the verb to play.

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Examples

2.2. Present Past Past Participle

1. Accept Accepted Accepted

2. Act Acted Acted

3. Bake Baked Baked

4. Behave Behave. Behaved

5. Close. Closed. Closed

6. Compare Compared Compared

7. Compete Competed Competed

8. Die Died Died

9. Disagree Disagreed Disagreed

10. Disturb. Disturbed Disturbed

11. Dress Dressed Dressed

12. Dry Dried Dried

13. Eliminate Eliminated Eliminated

14. End Ended Ended

15. Enjoy. Enjoyed Enjoyed

16. Fix Fixed Fixed

17. Follow Followed Followed

18. Freeze Freezed

19. Fry. Fed Fried

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20. Greet Greeted Greeted

21. Guess. Guessed Guessed

22. Hunt Hunted Hunted

23. Identify Identified Identified

24. Imagine Imagined Imagined

25. Invite Invited Invited

2.2.1 Irregular verbs

Irregular verbs are verbs that do not follow the normal patterns for tense and past participle.
While most English regular verbs use the ending “-ed” for the past tense and participle forms,
irregular verbs each have their own unique tense forms and past participles.

Irregular verbs are one of the hardest parts of the modern English language because they’re all a
little different. Since there’s no formula, English speakers have no choice but to memorize each
one, along with their special verb forms.

2.2.2.What are irregular verbs?

You could say irregular verbs are verbs that “follow their own rules.” Regular verbs follow the
standard grammar rules of modern English in adding “-ed” or “-d” to form the past tense and
past participle forms. Irregular verbs, however, use completely original words for their different
verb forms when they’re the main verb of a sentence. (Just a reminder: The past participle is the
form used with the present perfect tense.)

To show you what we mean, let’s “dance” and “sing!” This pair is a good example to see the
differences: “dance” is a regular verb, but “sing” is an irregular verb.

To conjugate “dance,” there’s no big surprise or trick; you just use the same formula as with
most other verbs. To create both the simple past tense and past participle forms, you simply add
“-ed,” or in this case only “-d” because the base form ends in e already. hat are irregular verbs?

You could say irregular verbs are verbs that “follow their own rules.” Regular verbs follow the
standard grammar rules of modern English in adding “-ed” or “-d” to form the past tense and

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past participle forms. Irregular verbs, however, use completely original words for their different
verb forms when they’re the main verb of a sentence. (Just a reminder: The past participle is the
form used with the present perfect tense.)

To show you what we mean, let’s “dance” and “sing!” This pair is a good example to see the
differences: “dance” is a regular verb, but “sing” is an irregular verb.

To conjugate “dance,” there’s no big surprise or trick; you just use the same formula as with
most other verbs. To create both the simple past tense and past participle forms, you simply add
“-ed,” or in this case only “-d” because the base form ends in e already

Example.

Base Simple Past Tense Past Participle

arise arose arisen

awake awoke awoken

be was/were been

bear bore borne

beat beat beaten

become became become

begin began begun

bend bent bent

bet bet bet

bind. bound bound

bid bid bid

bite bit bitten

bleed bled bled

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blow blew blown

break broke broken

breed bred bred

bring brought brought

broadcast broadcast broadcast

build built built

burst burst burst

buy bought bought

cast cast cast

catch caught caught

2.2.3 Preposition
A preposition is a word or group of words used before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to show
direction, time, place, location, spatial relationships, or to introduce an object. Some examples of
prepositions are words like "in," "at," "on," "of," and "to."

Prepositions in English are highly idiomatic. Although there are some rules for usage, much
preposition usage is dictated by fixed expressions. In these cases, it is best to memorize the
phrase instead of the individual preposition.

Examples

2.2.4 Prepositions of Direction

To refer to a direction, use the prepositions "to," "in," "into," "on," and "onto."

She drove to the store.

Don’t ring the doorbell. Come right in(to) the house.

Drive on(to) the grass and park the car there.

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2.2.5 Prepositions of Time
To refer to one point in time, use the prepositions "in," "at," and "on."

Use "in" with parts of the day (not specific times), months, years, and seasons.

He reads in the evening.

The weather is cold in December.

She was born in 1996.

We rake leaves in the fall.

Use "at" with the time of day. Also use "at" with noon, night, and midnight.

I go to work at 8:00.

He eats lunch at noon.

She often goes for a walk at night.

They go to bed at midnight.

Use "on" with days.

I work on Saturdays.

He does laundry on Wednesdays.

To refer to extended time, use the prepositions "since," "for," "by," "during," "from…to,"
"from…until," "with," and "within."

I have lived in Minneapolis since 2005. (I moved there in 2005 and still live there.)

He will be in Toronto for 3 weeks. (He will spend 3 weeks in Toronto.)

She will finish her homework by 6:00. (She will finish her homework sometime between now
and 6:00.)

He works part time during the summer. (For the period of time throughout the summer.)

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I will collect data from January to June. (Starting in January and ending in June.)

They are in school from August until May. (Starting in August and ending in May.)

She will graduate within 2 years. (Not longer than 2 years.)

2.2.6 Prepositions of Place

To refer to a place, use the prepositions "in" (the point itself), "at" (the general vicinity), "on"
(the surface), and "inside" (something contained).

They will meet in the lunchroom.

She was waiting at the corner.

He left his phone on the bed.

Place the pen inside the drawer.

To refer to an object higher than a point, use the prepositions "over" and "above." To refer to an
object lower than a point, use the prepositions "below," "beneath," "under," and "underneath."

The bird flew over the house.

The plates were on the shelf above the cups.

Basements are dug below ground.

There is hard wood beneath the carpet.

The squirrel hid the nuts under a pile of leaves.

The cat is hiding underneath the box.

To refer to an object close to a point, use the prepositions "by," "near," "next to," "between,"
"among," and "opposite."

The gas station is by the grocery store.

The park is near her house.

Park your bike next to the garage.

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There is a deer between the two trees.

There is a purple flower among the weeds.

3.Prepositions of Location
To refer to a location, use the prepositions "in" (an area or volume), "at" (a point), and "on" (a
surface).

They live in the country. (an area)

She will find him at the library. (a point)

There is a lot of dirt on the window. (a surface).

A nice way to think about prepositions is as the words that help glue a sentence together. They
do this by expressing position and movement, possession, time and how an action is completed.

Indeed, several of the most frequently used words in all of English, such as of, to, for, with, on
and at, are prepositions. Explaining prepositions can seem complicated, but they are a common
part of language and most of us use them naturally without even thinking about it.

3.1, Adjective
Adjectives are words that describe the qualities or states of being of nouns: enormous, doglike,
silly, yellow, fun, fast. They can also describe the quantity of nouns: many, few, millions, eleven.

3.1Adjectives modify nouns

Most students learn that adjectives are words that modify (describe) nouns. Adjectives do not
modify verbs or adverbs or other adjectives.

Examples

1.Margot wore a beautiful hat to the pie-eating contest.

2.Furry dogs may overheat in the summertime.

3. My cake should have sixteen candles.

4.The scariest villain of all time is Darth Vader.

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In the sentences above, the adjectives are easy to spot because they come immediately before the
nouns they modify.

3.2. VERBS
Verbs are words that show an action (sing), occurrence (develop), or state of being (exist).
Almost every sentence requires a verb. The basic form of a verb is known as its infinitive. The
forms call, love, break, and go are all infinitives.

Almost all verbs have two other important forms called participles. Participles are forms that are
used to create several verb tenses (forms that are used to show when an action happened); they
can also be used as adjectives. The present participle always ends in -ing: calling, loving,
breaking, going. (There is also a kind of noun, called a gerund, that is identical in form to the
present participle form of a verb.) The past participle usually ends in -ed, but many past
participles have irregular endings: called, loved, broken, gone.

The verb's past tense usually has the same -ed form as the past participle. For many verbs,
however, the past tense is irregular. An irregular past tense is not always identical to an irregular
past participle: called, loved, broke, went.

The two main kinds of verbs, transitive verbs and intransitive verbs, are discussed at the entries
for transitive and intransitive.

Examples

Jacob walks in the morning. (A usual action)

Mike is going to school. (A condition of action)

Albert does not like to walk. (A negative action)

Anna is a good girl. (A state of being)

Run answer

Dance begin

Slide bless

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Jump behave

Think Speak

Do leave

Go arrive

Stand Take

Smile See

Listen live

abash love

abate eate

abide Die

ask Try

awake Hungry

3.3 ADVERBS
An adverb is a word or an expression that generally modifies a verb, adjective, another adverb,
determiner, clause, preposition, or sentence. Adverbs typically express manner, place, time,
frequency, degree, level of certainty, etc., answering questions such as how, in what way, when,
where, to what extent. This is called the adverbial function and may be performed by single
words (adverbs) or by multi-word adverbial phrases and adverbial clauses.

Adverb Definition: An adverb is a word or a phrase that modifies verbs. An adverb is a word that
tells us more about a verb. It “qualifies” or “modifies” a verb. In simple words, an Adverb could
be defined as a word that is used as a prefix to add more information about the place, time,
manner, cause or degree to a verb, an adjective, a phrase or another adverb. The use of an adverb
makes a sentence more meaningful and coherent.

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3.3.4 Adverb Examples
An adverb can also modify adjectives, prepositions, and any other adverb. Even a whole
sentence can be modified or adjusted using an adverb. This article briefly explains the adverb
and also its types and usage. Let’s go through the following cases.

Examples

1.Rohit is a very brave person.”

2.“She played very aggressively.”

3.The aircraft flew exactly above the White House.

4.Luckily, She got selected for that job”

3.3.5 nTypes of Adverb

There are six main types of adverbs in English Grammar. The various types of Adverb are as
follows:

Adverb of Manner and Quality

Adverb of Place

Adverb of Time

Adverb of Quantity and Range

Adverb of Number and Frequency.

Adverb of Affirmation or Negation.

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 4. Conclusion

A regular verb is any verb whose conjugation follows the typical pattern, or one of the typical

patterns, of the language to which it belongs. A verb whose conjugation follows a different

pattern is called an irregular verb. This is one instance of the distinction between regular and

irregular inflection, which can also apply to other word classes, such as nouns and adjectives.

In English, for example, verbs such as play, enter, and like are regular since they form their

inflected parts by adding the typical endings -s, -ing and -ed to give forms such as plays,

entering, and liked.

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 5. Reference

Rodney D. Huddleston, Geoffrey K. Pullum, A Student's Introduction to English Grammar, CUP

2005, p. 122ff.

For example: Thomas Edward Payne, Describing Morphosyntax: A Guide for Field Linguists,
CUP 1997, p. 69.

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