Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 12 views

    Modern History

    Uploaded by

    Vishwam Prakash
    The document discusses several key events and developments in British India between the 18th-19th centuries including: 1) The Dutch travelled to India in the late 16th century, primarily for commercial interests in spices. 2) Several acts and laws were passed in the 19th century related to the Indian press, women's rights, land revenue systems, and education. 3) The British gradually expanded their control over neighboring regions through treaties and wars, establishing protectorates over states like Sikkim and Bhutan.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Modern History

    Uploaded by

    Vishwam Prakash
    12 views4 pages
    The document discusses several key events and developments in British India between the 18th-19th centuries including: 1) The Dutch travelled to India in the late 16th century, primarily for commercial interests in spices. 2) Several acts and laws were passed in the 19th century related to the Indian press, women's rights, land revenue systems, and education. 3) The British gradually expanded their control over neighboring regions through treaties and wars, establishing protectorates over states like Sikkim and Bhutan.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses several key events and developments in British India between the 18th-19th centuries including: 1) The Dutch travelled to India in the late 16th century, primarily for commercial interests in spices. 2) Several acts and laws were passed in the 19th century related to the Indian press, women's rights, land revenue systems, and education. 3) The British gradually expanded their control over neighboring regions through treaties and wars, establishing protectorates over states like Sikkim and Bhutan.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views4 pages

    Modern History

    Uploaded by

    Vishwam Prakash
    The document discusses several key events and developments in British India between the 18th-19th centuries including: 1) The Dutch travelled to India in the late 16th century, primarily for commercial interests in spices. 2) Several acts and laws were passed in the 19th century related to the Indian press, women's rights, land revenue systems, and education. 3) The British gradually expanded their control over neighboring regions through treaties and wars, establishing protectorates over states like Sikkim and Bhutan.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    • The Dutch travelled to the East due to their commercial interests.

    The first
    Dutchman to visit Sumatra and Bantam was Cornelis de Houtman in 1596.
    In any case, their main commercial interest lay in the Spice Islands of
    Indonesia

    • General Service Enlistment Act (Lord Canning in 1856) was passed to


    make it mandatory for sepoys to accept duty to fight across the ocean. A
    sizable portion of the Indian army had left to fight in the Crimean War,
    where the failure of the British troops severely undermined the morale of
    the British soldiers in India.

    • In the years following the 1857 uprising, the Suez Canal was opened in
    1869 which eased travel between England and India.

    • Nawab Abdul Latif founded the Muhammadan Literary Society in 1863,


    which was one of the first organizations aimed at promoting modern
    education. Mohammad Qasim Nanautavi and Rashid Ahamd Gangohi
    founded the Deoband organization as a revivalist organization. Objectives:
    o Spreading pure teachings of Quran and Hadis among Muslims and o
    Preserving the spirit of jihad against foreign control.

    • Sarla Devi Chaudhrani: She founded the Indian women's organization in


    1910 in Allahabad.

    • Bengal Sati Regulation Act (1829) To ban Sati Practice and made it illegal
    practice Hindu Widows Remarriage Act of 1856 (Act XV, 1856) legalised
    remarriage of widows Native Marriage Act (1872) Intended legislative
    action for the prohibition but, was not applicable to Hindus, Muslims and
    other recognised religions. Act of Age of Consent (1891) Prohibited the
    marriage of girl child below the age of 12 years. Sharda Act (1929)
    Minimum age for marriage was raised to 14 years Act V of 1843 Practice
    of slavery was declared illegal by ELLENBOROUGH

    • The British, in 1861, declared it their protectorate much against the wishes
    of the Dalai Lama. The British right over Sikkim was recognized by the
    Chinese government in 1890.

    • The Treaty of Punakha recognized the Bhutanese ruler as sovereign in all


    matters except foreign relations which were placed under the British
    control.

    • Their encroachments led to three major wars with Burma (1st in 1824-26,
    2nd in 1852 and last in 1885) which resulted in the conquest of the whole
    of Burma, by the British.

    • Censorship of Press Act 1799: Anticipating the French invasion of India,


    Lord Wellesley enacted this act imposing wartime press restrictions
    including pre-censorship. Licensing Regulations, 1823: According to this
    act, enacted by John Adams, starting or using a press without a licence was
    a penal offence. Press Act of 1835 or Metcalfe Act: Metcalf repealed the
    obnoxious 1823 act and thus liberated the press which resulted in the rapid
    growth of newspapers. Licensing Act, 1857: The Indian press was subject
    to limitations after the uprising of 1857. The government has the power to
    forbid any newspaper or book from being published. Registration Act
    1867: This act replaced the Metcalfe Act. It mandated every
    book/newspaper to include the printer and publisher's names, as well as the
    location of publication. Vernacular Press Act, 1878 Lytton. Indian Press
    Act, 1910: It empowered the Local Governments to issue warrants against
    any newspaper or book containing seditious matters. The Indian Press Act
    of 1931 granted provincial governments broad authority to curb
    propaganda encouraging civil disobedience.

    • Bengal Chowkidar Act, 1870: o The original village panchayati system in


    Bengal was revived with the Bengal Chowkidar Act of 1870. o The
    Chowkidar Act gave district judges the authority to form panchayats in the
    villages with designated members to collect taxes for the chowkidars or
    watchmen they employed. Ripon Resolution, 1882.

    • Permanent settlement (1793): o Origin: Cornwallis. Ryotwari system


    (1820): o Origin: Under the Ryotwari system, introduced by Alexander
    Read and Thomas Munro, revenue was initially collected from each village
    separately, but later each cultivator or ‘ryot’ was assessed individually.
    Madras, Bombay. Mahalwari system (1822): o Under this system,
    introduced by Holt Mackenzie, the state made settlements with either the
    village community or, in some cases, the traditional ‘taluqdar’. o Some
    recognition was given to collective proprietary rights. o Regions: North
    and North-West parts of India.

    • Warren Hastings established Calcutta Madarsa in 1770. Jonathan Duncan


    established Sanskrit College in 1791. Macaulay’s Minute of 1835

    • The safety valve theory is attributed to Lord Dufferin, Viceroy of India


    from 1884 to 1888.

    • Curzon limited the number of elected legislatures by the Calcutta


    Corporation Act of 1899 to deprive Indians of self-government. (NWFP)
    was established during the Curzon regime, and it covered roughly the upper
    course of the River Indus. Imperial Cadet Corps was established, which
    later served as a tool for Indianizing the army

    • Bipin Chandra Pal and Aurobindo Ghosh both stepped out from politics.

    • : Sultan Muhammad Shah (Aga Khan III) was named the Muslim League's
    first honorary president, though he did not attend the first session in Dhaka.
    Jinnah joined: Mohammed Ali Jinnah joined the Muslim League in 1913.

    • B. G. TILAK “The Extremists of today will be the Moderates of


    tomorrow, just as the Moderates of today were the Extremists of
    yesterday.”

    • Ghadar party, which was founded in San Francisco by Lala Hardayal,


    Sohan Singh Bakhna, Mohammed Barkattullah, and others

    You might also like