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    Knitting 3

    Uploaded by

    Sanaullah Murad
    i) The dimensions of knit fabrics are determined by the loop length. ii) During knitting, strains are imparted and subsequent recovery occurs, impacting dimensions. iii) Key relationships between loop length, stitch density, courses/wales per unit length, and fabric properties are defined. Constants for different stable states of plain knitted fabrics are provided.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Knitting 3

    Uploaded by

    Sanaullah Murad
    404 views6 pages
    i) The dimensions of knit fabrics are determined by the loop length. ii) During knitting, strains are imparted and subsequent recovery occurs, impacting dimensions. iii) Key relationships between loop length, stitch density, courses/wales per unit length, and fabric properties are defined. Constants for different stable states of plain knitted fabrics are provided.

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    i) The dimensions of knit fabrics are determined by the loop length. ii) During knitting, strains are imparted and subsequent recovery occurs, impacting dimensions. iii) Key relationships between loop length, stitch density, courses/wales per unit length, and fabric properties are defined. Constants for different stable states of plain knitted fabrics are provided.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    404 views6 pages

    Knitting 3

    Uploaded by

    Sanaullah Murad
    i) The dimensions of knit fabrics are determined by the loop length. ii) During knitting, strains are imparted and subsequent recovery occurs, impacting dimensions. iii) Key relationships between loop length, stitch density, courses/wales per unit length, and fabric properties are defined. Constants for different stable states of plain knitted fabrics are provided.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Dimensional characteristics of knit fabrics

    In case of knit fabrics, the fabric dimensions (width and length) are completely determined
    by the knitted loop length.

    During the knitting process, strains are imparted to the fabric as it comes off the knitting
    machine, and subsequent recovery from these strains occurs.

    W = wale spacing

    C = course spacing

    AB = stitch length, 𝑙 in mm (i.e. loop length)

    S = number of stitches per square cm, stitch density

    W = wales/cm = 1/W

    c = courses/cm = 1/C

    the dimension of plain knitted fabric is related as below:


    i) Courses per unit length is inversely proportional to stitch length
    1
    c ∝
    𝑙
    𝐾𝑐
    or, c = 𝑙
    ii) Wales per unit width is inversely proportional to stitch length
    1
    w ∝
    𝑙
    𝐾𝑤
    or, w =
    𝑙
    iii) Stitches or loops per unit area is inversely proportional to the square of stitch
    length
    1
    S∝
    𝑙2
    𝐾𝑠
    or, S=
    𝑙2

    iv) Loop shape factor;


    R = Courses per unit length / Wales per unit length
    C
    =
    W
    Kc
    = Kw
    If stitch density (loops per square metre) , loop length (mm) and yarn linear density, the Areal
    density of the knitted fabric can be calculated as,

    Areal density = S x 𝑙 x tex x 10−6 grams/𝑚2

    ( 1 Km = 10−6 𝑚𝑚 )

    If S is in stitches/𝑐𝑚2 , then

    S x 104 x 𝑙 x tex
    Areal density =
    106
    𝑆𝑙 𝑡𝑒𝑥
    =
    100
    𝐾𝑠
    Also, S =
    𝑙2
    𝐾𝑠 𝑙 𝑡𝑒𝑥
    So, areal density =
    𝑙 2x 100
    𝐾𝑠 x 𝑡𝑒𝑥
    = g/𝑚2
    100 𝑙

    Constants for plain knitted worsted fabrics at different stable states (SI units)

    Fabric state Ks Kc Kw Kc/Kw


    Dry-relaxed 1900 50 38 1.31
    Wet-relaxed 2160 53 41 1.29
    Finished- 2360 56 42.2 1.32
    relaxed

    Problem 01

    Calculate the production per hour of a single jersey circular knitting machine from the given
    data:
    Machine Gauge 24
    Machine Dia 30 inches
    Number of Feeders 90
    Machine RPM 26
    Yarn Count 24
    Stitch length 4 mm
    Efficiency 85%

    Solution:

    First we will calculate number of needles and number of stitches produced in one revolution.
    This would help us in calculating the total length of yarn consumed in one revolution.

    Number of needles =  x machine dia x gauge


    = 3. 14 x 30 x 24
    =2260
    (exact 2260.8 but needles are always in even number
    so we will take nearest even figure)

    Number of stitches produced in one revolution = Number of needles x number of feeders


    = 2260 x 90
    = 203400
    Yarn Consumption (in yards) in one hour

    = number of stitches x Stitch length x RPM x 60


    1000

    = 203400 x 4 x 26 x 60
    1000
    = 1269216 m
    = 1388015 yd

    Weight of cotton yarn = length of yarn


    Count x 840

    = 1388015
    840 x 24
    = 68.85 lbs
    = 31.23 Kg

    In 85% Efficiency, produced yarn weight = 31.23 x 85%


    = 26.55 Kg
    Answer: this machine can produce 26.55 Kg fabric in one hour at 85 % efficiency .

    Problem 02

    For filament yarn, calculate nominal production of a single jersey-knitting machine per hour
    from the data given:
    Machine Gauge 28
    Machine Dia 26 inches
    Number of Feeders 120
    Machine RPM 30
    Yarn Count 75D
    Stitch length 4.5 mm
    Efficiency 85%

    Solution:
    First we will calculate number of needles and number of stitches produced in one revolution.
    This would help us in calculating the total length of yarn consumed in one revolution.

    Number of needles =  x machine dia x gauge


    = 3.14 x 26 x 28
    =2286
    (exact 2285.92 but needles are always in even number so we will take
    nearest even figure)
    Number of stitches produced in one revolution = Number of needles x number of feeders
    = 2286 x 120
    = 274320

    Yarn Consumption (in metre) in one hour

    = number of stitches x Stitch length x RPM x 60


    1000

    = 274320 x 4.5 x 30 x 60
    1000
    = 2221992 m

    Weight of filament in grams = Length in meters x denier


    9000

    = 2221992 x75
    9000
    Answer =18516 gm
    =18.516 Kg

    At 85% Efficiency, produced yarn weight = 18.516 x 85%


    =15.74 Kg

    Answer: this machine can produce 15.74 Kg fabric in one hour at 85 % efficiency

    optimum knitting conditions ,

    i) Yarn Tex
    ii) Loop length
    iii) Course length
    iv) Courses per cm
    v) Wales per cm
    vi) GSM
    Problem 3 For a plain knitted machine of 24 gauge, 30” diameter, 96 feeders and 35
    rpm speed, find out the optimum knitting conditions. (consider Kc = 5.5 and Kw= 4.2)
    100 2
    Solution: i) Tex = ( )
    𝐺
    100 2
    =
    24
    = 17.3 Tex

    ≈ 18 Tex

    vii) Loop length :

    For optimum knitting, tightness factor = 15

    𝑡𝑒𝑥
    i.e. 15 =
    𝑙

    18
    =
    15
    = 0.28 cm

    viii) Course length = loop length x no. of needles

    = 0.28 x π x DG

    = 633.4 cm

    𝐾𝑐
    ix) Courses per cm =
    𝑙
    5.5
    =
    0.28

    = 19.5
    𝐾𝑤
    x) Wales per cm =
    𝑙
    4.2
    =
    0.28

    = 14.9
    𝐾𝑠 x tex
    xi) GSM =
    10 𝑙
    Again, Ks= Kc x Kw

    = 5.5 x 4.2 = 23.10


    23.10 x 18
    So, GSM = = 148.5
    10 x 0.28

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