White Minimalist Executive Summary A4 Document

OXIDATION MARIA
QUINTERO
NUMBERS
The oxidation number of an atom is the

charge that atom would have if the
compound was composed of ions. Also
called as Oxidation States, are assigned to
the atoms composing the compound or
ion.
RULE FOR ASSIGNING OXIDATION NUMBERS
The oxidation number of any free element always remains 0.
The oxidation number in the case of a monatomic ion is always
equal to the value of the charge of the ion.
-Each atom that participates in an oxidation-reduction
reaction is assigned an oxidation number that reflects its ability
to acquire, donate, or share electrons. The iron ion Fe3+, for
example, has an oxidation number of +3 because it can
acquire three electrons to form a chemical bond, while the
oxygen ion O2− has an oxidation number of −2 because it can
donate two electrons.
MARIA QUINTERO
USING CHEMICAL
FORMULAS
A CHEMICAL FORMULA IDENTIFIES EACH CONSTITUENT ELEMENT BY ITS
CHEMICAL SYMBOL AND INDICATES THE PROPORTIONATE NUMBER OF
ATOMS OF EACH ELEMENT.
FORMULA MASS
The formula mass of a molecule (also known as formula

weight) is the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in the
empirical formula of the compound. Formula weight is
given in atomic mass units
The molar mass of a compound can be used as a
conversion factor to relate an amount in moles to a mass in
grams for a given substance.
Molar mass usually has the units of grams per mole. To
convert a known amount of a compound in moles to a
mass in grams, multiply the amount in moles by the molar
mass.
amount in moles × molar mass (g/mol) = mass in grams
To convert a known mass of a compound in grams to an

amount in moles, the mass must be divided by the molar
mass. Or you can invert the molar mass and multiply so that
units are easily canceled.
mass in grams X 1/ molar mass (g/mol) = amount in moles

Maria Quintero
DETERM INING CHEMICAL

FORMULAS
EMPERICAL FORMULA
An empirical formula represents the

simplest whole-number ratio of various
atoms present in a compound. The
molecular formula shows the exact
number of different types of atoms
present in a molecule of a compound.
Remember that the empirical formula

contains the smallest possible whole
numbers that describe the atomic ratio.
The molecular formula is the actual
formula of a molecular compound. An
empirical formula may or may not be a
correct molecular formula. The relationship
between a compound's empirical formula
and its molecular formula can be written
as follows.
X(empirical formula) = molecular formula
The number represented by x is a whole-number multiple indicating the
factor by which the subscripts in the empirical formula must be multiplied to
obtain the molecular formula. The formula masses have a similar
relationship.
X(empirical formula mass) = molecular formula mass
DESCRIBING CHEMICAL REACTIONS
A chemical reaction is the process by which one

or more substances are changed into one or
more different substances. In any chemical
reaction, the original substances are known as
the reactants and the resulting substances are
known as the products.
Chemical reactions are described by chemical
equations. A chemical equation represents, with
symbols and formulas, the identities and
relative molecular or molar amounts of the
reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
Physical indicators can observed changes
usually indicates that a chemical reaction has
ocurred: Evolution of energy as heat and light,
Color change, Production of a gas, Formation of
a precipitate.
Written chemical equation has requirement that
are: The equation must represent know facts,
must contain the correct formulas for reactants
and products, must be satisfied.
Word equation is helpful to represent the
reactants and products and a formula equation
represents the reactants and products of a
chemical reactions by their symbols and
formulas.
Balancing equation: Balanced chemical
equations have the same number and type of
each atom on both sides of the equation. The
coefficients in a balanced equation must be the
simplest whole number ratio. Mass is always
conserved in chemical reactions.To be useful,
chemical equations must always be balanced.
How to write balanced equations:
Write down your given equation.
Write down the number of atoms per
element.
Save hydrogen and oxygen for last, as they
are often on both sides
Start with single elements.
Use a coefficient to balance the single
carbon atom.
Balance the hydrogen atoms next.
Balance the oxygen atoms.
This symbols are used in
chemical equations. And
depending of real reaction
may occur reverse, depending
on the specific reaction.
Chemical reaction in which the
products re-form the original
reactants.

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OXIDATION MARIA

The oxidation number of an atom is the

The formula mass of a molecule (also known as formula

To convert a known mass of a compound in grams to an

mass in grams X 1/ molar mass (g/mol) = amount in moles

DETERM INING CHEMICAL

An empirical formula represents the

Remember that the empirical formula

A chemical reaction is the process by which one

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