Mathematics 10C

Student Workbook
Unit
1
0 1 2
Lesson 1: Metric and Imperial
Approximate Completion Time: 3 Days

Lesson 2: Surface Area and Volume

Approximate Completion Time: 2 Days

e
te nus
hypo opposite Lesson 3: Trigonometry I
Approximate Completion Time: 2 Days
adjacent

e Lesson 4: Trigonometry II
Approximate Completion Time: 2 Days
d

UNIT ONE
Measurement
 Mathematics 10C
Student Workbook
Unit
1

Complete this workbook by watching the videos on www.math10.ca.

Work neatly and use proper mathematical form in your notes.

UNIT ONE
Measurement
 Mathematics 10C
Formula Sheet

Measurement
Conversion Table
This table contains a list of equivalent measurements.
Unit Imperial Conversions Metric Conversions

inch
(in. or ″) 1 in. = 2.54 cm

foot
(ft. or ′)
1 ft. = 12 in. 1 ft. = 30.48 cm

yard 1 yd. = 3 ft. 1 yd. = 91.44 cm

(yd.) 1 yd. = 36 in. 1 yd. = 0.9144 m

1 mi. = 1760 yd. 1 mi. = 1.609 km

mile
(mi.)
1 mi. = 5280 ft. 1 mi. = 1609 m
1 mi. = 63 360 in. 1 mi. = 160 900 cm

Trigonometry
Pythagorean Theorem: a2 + b2 = c2 (right triangles only)
hypotenuse
opposite Trigonometric Ratios:
θ opposite adjacent opposite
sinθ = cosθ = tanθ =
adjacent hypotenuse hypotenuse adjacent

Linear Functions
Slope-Intercept Form: y = mx + b
y
Slope of a Line:
Slope-Point Form: y - y1 = m(x - x1)
rise
m=
(x2, y2) run
General Form: Ax + By + C = 0
or
(x1, y1) y2 - y1 Parallel Lines: m = moriginal
m=
x2 - x1 1
Perpendicular Lines: m =
x moriginal

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Surface Area and Volume Exponents &
Radicals
2-D Shapes
a
Square Circle
s
P = 4s C = 2πr
r
or C = πd
A=s 2
s s
A = πr2
s

Rectangle Triangle

P = 2l + 2w P = s1 + s 2 + s 3 h
w
A = lw 1
A= bh
l 2
b

3-D Objects
Cube Rectangular Prism Sphere

SA = 6s2 SA = 2lw + 2wh + 2lh SA = 4πr2

s

V = s3 V = lwh 4
s V= πr3 r
s h
3
w
l

Square Pyramid Rectangular Pyramid

slant
SA = Abase + 4Aside height SA = Abase + 2Aside 1 + 2Aside 2
h
slant
h
height 2
1 1
V= lwh V= lwh slant
3 3 height 1
s
w
s
l

Right Cylinder Right Cone

SA = 2πr2 + 2πrh SA = πr2 + πrs slant

height h
V = πr2h 1
V = πr2h
h 3

r
r

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 Measurement
0 1 2
LESSON ONE - Metric and Imperial
Lesson Notes

Introduction Introduction to Measurement

a) Complete the following table:

Unit Length
Multiplying Factor
(in metres) Referent

mm

cm

dm

dam

hm

km

b) Indicate which measuring tool is most appropriate for: Available Tools

i) the width of your textbook _______________ Tape Measure

30 cm ruler
ii) the perimeter of a park _______________ Vernier Calipers
Trundle Wheel
iii) the circumference of a vase _______________

iv) the diameter of a diamond ring with precision _______________

v) the distance from your house to a friend’s house _______________

0 10 20 30

vi) the thickness of a smartphone with precision _______________

vii) the width of a kitchen window _______________

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Measurement 0 1 2
LESSON ONE - Metric and Imperial
Lesson Notes

c) Complete the following table:

Unit Imperial Conversions Metric Conversions Referent

inch
(in. or ″)

foot
(ft. or ′)

yard
(yd.)

mile
(mi.)

d) What are some of the drawbacks to using imperial units as a form of measurement?

e) Why is it important to understand both imperial units and metric units?

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 0 1 2
Measurement
LESSON ONE - Metric and Imperial
Lesson Notes

Example 1 Measure each of the following using an appropriate measuring tool.

a) The circumference of a circle.

b) The length of a curved line.

c) The actual distance between Grande Prairie and Medicine Hat.

Grande Prairie

Medicine Hat

Map Scale: 1:18,300,000

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Measurement 0 1 2
LESSON ONE - Metric and Imperial
Lesson Notes

Example 2 Write each metric caliper measurement as a decimal.

a) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 b) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

cm cm

0 10 0 10

c) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 d) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

cm cm

0 10 0 10

Example 3 Metric Conversions

a) Convert 7 m to kilometres. b) Convert 12 cm to metres.

c) Convert 45.3 cm to kilometres. d) Convert 3 km to metres.

e) Convert 8 m to centimetres. f) Convert 0.7 km to centimetres.

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 0 1 2
Measurement
LESSON ONE - Metric and Imperial
Lesson Notes

Each of the following objects have been measured with

Example 4 inappropriate units. Convert them to more suitable units.

a) The thickness of a dime is 0.00122 m

b) The height of a basketball player is 2100 mm

c) The driving distance from Pincher Creek to Taber is 14 900 000 cm

A trundle wheel can be used to measure the

Example 5 walking distance between two locations.

a) If the diameter of a trundle wheel is 45 cm, how far will a person

have walked when the wheel makes one full rotation?

b) If a person walks for 0.7 km, how many times has the wheel rotated?

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Measurement 0 1 2
LESSON ONE - Metric and Imperial
Lesson Notes

Example 6 Write the length of each line segment using imperial units.

a) 0 1 2 3 4

b) 0 1 2 3 4

c) 0 1 2 3 4

d) 0 1 2 3 4

e) 0 1 2 3 4

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 0 1 2
Measurement
LESSON ONE - Metric and Imperial
Lesson Notes

Some of these conversions have an error. If there is an error, explain the

Example 7 nature of the error and complete the conversion correctly.

a) Convert 23 cm to metres. error:

100 cm
conversion: 23 cm ×
1m
correct conversion:

b) Convert 5 m to millimetres. error:

1000 mm
conversion: 5 m ×
5m
correct conversion:

c) Convert 7 yd. to miles. error:

1760 mi.
conversion: 7 yd. ×
1 yd.
correct conversion:

d) Convert 31 ft. to inches. error:

12 in.
conversion: 31 ft. ×
1 ft.
correct conversion:

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Measurement 0 1 2
LESSON ONE - Metric and Imperial
Lesson Notes

Example 8 Imperial Conversions large unit → small unit

a) Convert 5 yards to feet.

b) Convert 10 miles to yards.

c) Convert 20 feet to inches.

d) Convert 5’7” to inches.

e) Convert 4 yards to inches.

f) Convert 2 miles to feet.

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 0 1 2
Measurement
LESSON ONE - Metric and Imperial
Lesson Notes

Example 9 Imperial Conversions small unit → large unit

a) Convert 78 feet to yards.

b) Convert 110 yards to miles.

c) Convert 48 inches to feet.

d) Convert 58” to feet.

e) Convert 90 feet to yards.

f) Convert 12000 feet to miles.

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Measurement 0 1 2
LESSON ONE - Metric and Imperial
Lesson Notes

Example 10 Imperial to Metric Conversions

a) Convert 6 yards to metres.

b) Convert 3 miles to kilometres.

c) Convert 80 inches to metres.

d) Convert 3.8 feet to metres.

e) Convert 5’3” to metres.

f) Convert 0.4 miles to metres.

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 0 1 2
Measurement
LESSON ONE - Metric and Imperial
Lesson Notes

Example 11 Metric to Imperial Conversions

a) Convert 14 metres to yards.

b) Convert 7 kilometres to miles.

c) Convert 12 metres to inches.

d) Convert 2 kilometres to yards.

e) Convert 72 centimetres to feet.

f) Convert 400 metres to miles.

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Measurement 0 1 2
LESSON ONE - Metric and Imperial
Lesson Notes

Example 12 Find the missing side of each right triangle using the Pythagorean Theorem

a) b) 60”
8m
61”
15 m

c) d) 5 yd.
119 cm
12 yd.

169 cm

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 0 1 2
Measurement
LESSON ONE - Metric and Imperial
Lesson Notes

Example 13
a) Five students measure their height using different units. Andrew is 176 cm, Brittney is 5’4”,
Calvin is 1.8 yards, Don is 54 inches, and Elisha is 1.6 metres. Arrange the students from
shortest to tallest.

b) A truck driver is entering a parkade that says the maximum height of a vehicle is 8’6”.
If the height of the truck is 3 m, should the driver proceed into the parkade?

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Measurement 0 1 2
LESSON ONE - Metric and Imperial
Lesson Notes

Example 14
a) A homeowner is laying sod in her lawn. The lawn is a rectangle with dimensions of 28’ × 18’.
If one piece of sod is a rectangle with dimensions of 60 cm × 40 cm, approximately how many
pieces of sod should the homeowner order?

b) A homeowner wants to replace the linoleum in their kitchen. The floor plan for the kitchen is
shown below. If linoleum costs $6.50/sq ft, what is the total cost of the linoleum? The counter
and kitchen island do not require linoleum.

8m

0.7 m

3.4 m
0.9 m
5m
4.2 m

m
2

0.7 m

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 Measurement
LESSON TWO - Surface Area and Volume
Lesson Notes

Introduction Find the surface area and volume for each of the following 3-D objects.

a) sphere
Surface Area Formula Volume Formula

8 cm

b) rectangular prism Surface Area Formula Volume Formula

9 in.

12 in. 3 in.

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Measurement
LESSON TWO - Surface Area and Volume
Lesson Notes

c) square pyramid
Surface Area Formula Volume Formula

5.75 cm 7 cm

8 cm

8 cm

d) rectangular pyramid
Surface Area Formula Volume Formula
8 cm
11.3 cm

10 cm

12 cm

16 cm

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 Measurement
LESSON TWO - Surface Area and Volume
Lesson Notes

e) right cylinder
Surface Area Formula Volume Formula

12 ft.

5 ft.

f) right cone
Surface Area Formula Volume Formula

18 m
19.3 m

7m

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Measurement
LESSON TWO - Surface Area and Volume
Lesson Notes

Example 1 Find the unknown measurement in each of the following:

a) a sphere
i) Use the surface area formula ii) Use the volume formula
to solve for the radius. to solve for the radius.

r=?

SA = 4536.46 cm2
V = 28731 cm3

b) right cone i) Use the surface area formula ii) Use the volume formula
to solve for the slant height. to solve for the height.

h=?
s=?

6m

SA = 320.44 m2
V = 347.57 m3

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 Measurement
LESSON TWO - Surface Area and Volume
Lesson Notes

Example 2 Sketch each shape and determine the indicated quantity.

a) A square pyramid has a base measuring 5 ft. by 5 ft. The height of the pyramid, from the
centre of the base to the apex is 7 ft. Calculate the surface area of the pyramid.

b) A cylindrical water tank with an open top has a volume of 5702 m3 and a radius of 11 m.
Calculate the height of the tank.

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Measurement
LESSON TWO - Surface Area and Volume
Lesson Notes

Example 3 Find the surface area and volume of this 3-D object.

a) surface area

6 cm

12 cm

b) volume

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 Measurement
LESSON TWO - Surface Area and Volume
Lesson Notes

Example 4 Find the surface area and volume of this 3-D object.

a) surface area
cm
15

cm
20 cm 4.5
3 cm

b) volume

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Measurement
LESSON TWO - Surface Area and Volume
Lesson Notes

Example 5 Find the surface area and volume of this 3-D object.

a) surface area 60 mm

20 mm
20 mm

10 mm

b) volume

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 Measurement
LESSON TWO - Surface Area and Volume
Lesson Notes

Example 6 Find the surface area and volume of this 3-D object.

a) surface area 15 cm

20 cm
5 cm

30 cm

b) volume

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Measurement
LESSON TWO - Surface Area and Volume
Lesson Notes

Example 7 Find the surface area and volume of this 3-D object.

a) surface area
11 m

30 m

6m

20 m

b) volume

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 enuse Measurement
pot
hy opposite LESSON THREE - Trigonometry I
adjacent Lesson Notes

Introduction Trigonometry I

a) Label the sides of each triangle, relative to the given angle.

i) ii)

θ
θ

b) Calculate the ratio of the opposite side to the adjacent side for each similar triangle.

θ 1 cm 2 cm 4 cm
θ
2 cm
4 cm θ

8 cm

c) Define the tangent ratio.

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Measurement te nus
e
ypo
LESSON THREE - Trigonometry I h opposite

Lesson Notes adjacent

d) Calculate the ratio of the opposite side to the hypotenuse for each similar triangle.

5 cm 10 cm 20 cm
θ 2 cm 4 cm 8 cm
θ

e) Define the sine ratio.

f) Calculate the ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse for each similar triangle.

4 cm 8 cm 16 cm
θ

3 cm θ
6 cm θ

12 cm

g) Define the cosine ratio.

h) What is a useful memorization tool to remember the trigonometric ratios?

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 te nus
e Measurement
ypo
h opposite LESSON THREE - Trigonometry I
adjacent Lesson Notes

Example 1 For each triangle, calculate each trigonometric ratio.

a) 4 cm b)
θ 29 cm

5 cm 20 cm
3 cm
θ
21 cm

sin θ cos θ tan θ sin θ cos θ tan θ

5 cm
c) d)
12 cm θ
63 cm
16 cm
θ

65 cm 13 cm

sin θ cos θ tan θ sin θ cos θ tan θ

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Measurement te nus
e
ypo
LESSON THREE - Trigonometry I h opposite

Lesson Notes adjacent

Example 2 Calculate the angle θ in each triangle.

a) b)
47 cm θ
26 cm

87 cm
θ

36 cm

c) d)
θ 50 cm
24 cm 73.74°
θ

68 cm

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 te nus
e Measurement
ypo
h opposite LESSON THREE - Trigonometry I
adjacent Lesson Notes

Example 3 Calculate the missing side of each triangle using two methods.

a) Pythagorean Trigonometric
Theorem Ratio
?
24 cm 73.74°
θ
7 cm

b) 48.89° Pythagorean Trigonometric

Theorem Ratio
θ
73 cm
48 cm

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Measurement te nus
e
ypo
LESSON THREE - Trigonometry I h opposite

Lesson Notes adjacent

Example 4 Solve each triangle.

a)
m
70.3 cm
y
41°

8° 23.8 cm
b)
y
m
h

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 te nus
e Measurement
ypo
h opposite LESSON THREE - Trigonometry I
adjacent Lesson Notes

c)

h
17.2 cm

16.4 cm

d)
m 22.3 cm

28.9 cm
x
n

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Measurement te nus
e
ypo
LESSON THREE - Trigonometry I h opposite

Lesson Notes adjacent

Example 5 Solve each of the following problems.

a) The sketch on the right was drawn by a surveyor who is

trying to determine the distance between two trees across
a river. Using the information in the sketch, calculate
the distance between the trees.
80 m

46°

b) A 16 ft. ladder is leaning against the roof of a house.

The angle between the ladder and the ground is 62°.
How high above the ground is the base of the roof?

16 ft.

62°

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 Measurement
e LESSON FOUR - Trigonometry II
d
Lesson Notes

Introduction Trigonometry II

a) A sailor on the deck of a ship observes

an airplane in the sky. Label the
diagram using the following terms:

• horizontal line
• line of sight
• angle of elevation
• angle of depression

b) The sailor uses a simple clinometer to measure the

angle of elevation. A diagram of the clinometer is shown
to the right. What is the angle of elevation?

90

c) If the sailor tilts her head 30° upwards to see the plane, and the plane is flying at an altitude
of 3000 m, what is the horizantal distance from the boat to the plane?

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Measurement
LESSON FOUR - Trigonometry II e

Lesson Notes d

Example 1 Solve for the unknown length.

a)
24°

4.3 cm 15°

b)

7.7 cm

18° 40°

c)
x

48°

6.1 cm
16°

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 Measurement
e
LESSON FOUR - Trigonometry II
d
Lesson Notes

Example 2 Solve for the unknown length.

a)
cm
3.8

8 cm
21°

b)

18°

7.2 cm
x 31°

c)

34°
27°
14.3 cm

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Measurement
LESSON FOUR - Trigonometry II e

Lesson Notes d

Example 3 Solve for the unknown angle.

a)

9.4 cm
θ
6.1 cm

8.0 cm

b)

6.0 cm 7.0 cm
θ

48°

c)

8.0 cm
22°

θ
8.3 cm

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 Measurement
e
LESSON FOUR - Trigonometry II
d
Lesson Notes

Example 4
Janis lives on the 4th floor of her apartment building. From her window, she has to tilt her head
52° upwards to see the top of the neighbouring building. She has to look down 35° to see the
base of the neighbouring building. The distance between the buildings is 80 m.

a) Calculate the height of the neighbouring building.

b) What measuring tools could Janis use to obtain the angles and distance between the buildings?

c) Which quantities in this question were direct measurements? Which were indirect measurements?

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Measurement
LESSON FOUR - Trigonometry II e

Lesson Notes d

Example 5
The sign for a resturant is mounted on a pole. From a position 5 m from the base of the pole,
Mike has to look up 42° to see the bottom of the sign, and 52° to see the top of the sign.
How tall is the sign?

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 Measurement
e
LESSON FOUR - Trigonometry II
d
Lesson Notes

Example 6
Kevin and Rob are standing on opposite sides of Edmonton’s River Valley. In order to see a boat on
the river, Kevin has to look down 32°, and Rob has to look down 38°. The width of the valley is
750 m, and the boat is exactly halfway between Kevin and Rob. How much higher is Rob than Kevin?

Rob

Kevin

750 m

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Answer Key
Measurement Lesson One: Metric and Imperial
Introduction
a) Unit
Unit Length Referent
Multiplying Factor b) i. 30 cm ruler, ii. Trundle Wheel, iii. Tape Measure iv. Vernier Calipers,
v. Trundle Wheel, vi. Vernier Calipers, vii. Tape Measure
mm 1/1000 m thickness of a dime
cm 1/100 m width of a paperclip
dm 1/10 m length of a crayon c) Unit Imp. to Imp. Imp. to Metric Referent
m 1m floor to doorknob inch ------ 1 in. ≈ 2.54 cm middle thumb joint to tip of thumb.
dam 10 m width of a house foot 1 ft. = 12" 1 ft. ≈ 30.48 cm about the same as a 30 cm ruler.
hm 100 m football field yard 1 yd. = 3 ft. 1 yd. ≈ 0.9144 m a little bit shorter than a 1 m ruler.
km 1000 m walking 15 minutes mile 1 mi. = 1760 yd. 1 mi. ≈ 1.609 km distance walked in 20 minutes.

d) Requires conversion table, ineffective for small measurements, and mixing measurement systems can lead to accidents.
e) America is Canada’s largest trading partner, so imperial units are often encountered in the workplace (and consumer goods).
Example 1: a) 12.57 cm b) 19 cm c) 787 km Example 2: a) 3.56 cm b) 0.70 cm c) 4.98 cm d) 1.52 cm
Example 3: a) 0.007 km b) 0.12 m c) 0.000453 km d) 3000 m e) 800 cm f) 70 000 cm
Example 4: a) 1.22 mm b) 2.1 m c) 149 km Example 5: a) 141.37 cm, b) 495.15 rotations
Example 6: a) 2 1/2 in. b) 3/4 in. c) 2 3/8 in. d) 3 15/16 in. e) 1 9/16 in. Example 7: a) 0.23 m b) 5000 mm c) 0.00398 mi. d) 372 in.
Example 8: a) 15 ft. b) 17 600 yd. c) 240 in. d) 67 in. e) 144 in. f) 10 560 ft.
Example 9: a) 26 yd. b) 0.0625 mi. c) 4 ft. d) 4.83’ e) 30 yd. f) 2.27 mi.
Example 10: a) 5.49 m b) 4.83 km c) 2.03 m d) 1.16 m e) 1.60 m f) 643.60 m
Example 11: a) 15.31 yd. b) 4.35 mi. c) 472.44 in. d) 2188 yd. e) 2.36 ft. f) 0.25 mi. Example 12: a) 17 m, b) 11” c) 120 cm d) 13 yd.
Example 13: a) Don 1.37 m, Elisha 1.6 m, Brittney 1.63 m, Calvin 1.65 m, Andrew 1.76 m b) No. The maximum height is 2.59 m.
Example 14: a) 195 pieces of sod are required to cover the lawn b) The cost of the linoleum is $2329.21.

Measurement Lesson Two: Surface Area and Volume

Introduction: a) SA = 804 cm2, V = 2145 cm3 b) SA = 342 in2, V = 324 in3 c) SA = 176 cm2, 123 cm3
d) SA = 488 cm2, V = 512 cm3 e) SA = 534 ft2, V = 942 ft3 f) SA = 578 m2, V = 924 m3
Example 1: a) i. r = 19 cm, ii. r = 19 cm b) i. s = 11 m, ii. h = 9 m Example 2: a) SA = 99 ft2 b) h = 15 m
Example 3: SA = 479 cm2, V = 905 cm3 Example 4: SA = 1949 cm2, V = 2933 cm3 Example 5: SA = 6542 mm2, V = 20 858 mm3
Example 6: SA = 2065 cm , V = 6000 cm2 3
Example 7: SA = 3047 m , V = 9019 m 2 3

Measurement Lesson Three: Trigonometry I

Introduction:
a)
hypotenuse opposite adjacent b) Each ratio is 0.5 f) Each ratio is 0.75
opposite c) tan θ = opposite/adjacent g) cos θ = adjacent/hypotenuse
i. ii. d) Each ratio is 0.4 h) SOH CAH TOA
θ
θ e) sin θ = opposite/hypotenuse
hypotenuse
adjacent
Example 1: a) sin θ = 0.8 cos θ = 0.6 tan θ = 1.3 b) sin θ = 0.7241 cos θ = 0.6897 tan θ = 1.05
c) sin θ = 0.9692 cos θ = 0.2462 tan θ = 3.9375 d) sin θ = 0.9231 cos θ = 0.3846 tan θ = 2.4
Example 2: a) θ = 40º b) θ = 73º c) θ = 16.26º d) θ = 47º Example 3: a) hypotenuse = 25 cm b) opposite = 55 cm
Example 4: a) x = 53 cm, y = 46 cm, m = 49º b) y = 3 cm, h = 24 cm, m = 82º
c) h = 24 cm, m = 44º, n = 46º d) x = 18 cm, m = 39.5º, n = 50.5º Example 5: a) 83 m b) 14 ft.

Measurement Lesson Four: Trigonometry II

Introduction: Example 1: a) 17.9 cm b) 14.5 cm c) 2.5 cm Example 5: 1.9 m
a) horizontal line Example 2: a) 3.5 cm b) 6.6 cm c) 18.5 cm Example 6: 59 m
angle of Example 3: a) 45.6º b) 1.2º c) 22.7º
depression ht
f sig Example 4: a) 158.4 m
eo angle of
b) clinometer for angles, trundle wheel for distance
lin elevation
c) direct measurements are obtained using an instrument,
horizontal line while indirect measurements are found with math.
The angles of elevation and depression, and the distance
between the buildings are direct measurements.
b) 30° c) 5196 m
The height of the building is an indirect measurement.

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