9/17/2022

CORRECTIONS IN TAPING
S AM P LE PRO B LE M S

Fundamentals of Surveying 1

1. A rectangular lot was measured using a 50 – m steel tape which was

found to be 0.025 m too short. If the recorded length and width of
the lot are 180.455 m and 127.062 m, respectively, determine the ff:

a. Actual dimensions of the lot.

b. Error in area introduced due to the erroneous length of tape

Solution
a. Actual Dimension of the lot
Corr = 0.025m ; NL = 50m
𝐌𝐋
𝐂𝐥 = 𝐂𝐨𝐫𝐫( )
𝐍𝐋
𝟏𝟖𝟎.𝟒𝟓𝟓 𝟏𝟐𝟕.𝟎𝟔𝟐
𝐂𝐥𝟏 = 𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟓( ) 𝐂𝐥𝟐 = 𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟓( )
𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟎
𝐂𝐥𝟏 = 𝟎.𝟎𝟗𝟎 𝒎 𝐂𝐥𝟐 = 𝟎.𝟎𝟔𝟒 𝒎

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1. A rectangular lot was measured using a 50 – m steel tape which was

found to be 0.025 m too short. If the recorded length and width of
the lot are 180.455 m and 127.062 m, respectively, determine the ff:

CL = ML ± 𝐂𝐥
𝐂𝐋𝐋 = ML − 𝐂𝐥𝟏 𝐂𝐋𝑾 = ML − 𝐂𝐥𝟐
𝐂𝐋𝐋 = 180.455 − 0.090 𝐂𝐋𝑾 = 127.062 − 0.064
𝐂𝐋𝐋 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎.𝟑𝟔5 m 𝐂𝐋𝐖 = 𝟏𝟐𝟔.𝟗𝟗𝟖 m

b. Error in Area

𝑨𝑴 = L x W 𝑨𝑨 = 𝐂𝐋𝐋 x 𝐂𝐋𝐖 𝑨𝑬 = | 𝑨𝑴 - 𝑨𝑨 |
𝑨𝑴 = 180.455 x 127.062 𝑨𝑨 = 180.365 x 126.998 𝑨𝑬 = |22,928.97 –
22,905.99|
𝑨𝑴 = 22,928.97 𝒎𝟐 𝑨𝑨 = 22,905.99 𝒎𝟐
𝑨𝑬 = 22.98 𝒎𝟐

2. A building 38 m x 45 m is to be laid out with a 50 – m long

metallic tape. If during standardization the tape is found to be only
49.950 m, determine the following:

a. Dimensions to be laid out, using this tape, in order that

the building shall have the desired dimensions.
b. Using the same tape what should the diagonals read?
Solution
a. Dimension to be laid out
Corr = 0.050m ; NL = 50m
𝐌𝐋
𝐂𝐥 = 𝐂𝐨𝐫𝐫( )
𝐍𝐋
𝟑𝟖 𝟒𝟓
𝐂𝐥𝟏 = 𝟎.𝟎𝟓𝟎( ) 𝐂𝐥𝟐 = 𝟎.𝟎𝟓𝟎( )
𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟎
𝐂𝐥𝟏 = 𝟎.𝟎𝟑𝟖 𝒎 𝐂𝐥𝟐 = 𝟎.𝟎𝟒𝟓 𝒎

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2. A building 38 m x 45 m is to be laid out with a 50 – m long

metallic tape. If during standardization the tape is found to be only
49.950 m, determine the following:

CL = ML ± 𝐂𝐥
𝐂𝐋𝐋 = ML + 𝐂𝐥𝟏 𝐂𝐋𝑾 = ML + 𝐂𝐥𝟐
𝐂𝐋𝐋 = 38 + 0.038 𝐂𝐋𝑾 = 45 + 0.045
𝐂𝐋𝐋 = 𝟑𝟖.𝟎𝟑𝟖 m 𝐂𝐋𝐖 = 𝟒𝟓.𝟎𝟒𝟓 m

b. Reading of diagonal

𝑫𝟐 = 𝑳𝟐 + 𝑾𝟐
𝑫𝟐 = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟎𝟑𝟖𝟐 + 𝟒𝟓. 𝟎𝟒𝟓𝟐

D = 58.957 m

3. Slope distances AB and BC measures 330.49 m and 660.97 m,

respectively. The differences in elevation are 12.22 m for
points A and B, and 10.85 m for points B and C. Using the
approximate slope correction formula for gentle slopes, determine
the horizontal length of line ABC. Assume that line AB has a
rising slope and BC a falling slope.
B
Solution 330.49 m 660.97 m
a. Horizontal Length (d) 10.85 m
A 12.22 m C
ℎ
𝐶 = d
2𝑠
12.22
𝐶 = d1 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎.𝟒𝟗 − 𝟎. 𝟐𝟑 𝒎
2(330.49)

𝐂𝒉𝑨𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟑 𝒎 d1 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎.𝟐𝟔 𝒎

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3. Slope distances AB and BC measures 330.49 m and 660.97 m,

respectively. The differences in elevation are 12.22 m for
points A and B, and 10.85 m for points B and C. Using the
approximate slope correction formula for gentle slopes, determine
the horizontal length of line ABC. Assume that line AB has a
rising slope and BC a falling slope.
B
Solution 330.49 m 660.97 m
a. Horizontal Length (d) 10.85 m
A 12.22 m C
ℎ
𝐶 = d
2𝑠
10.85
𝐶 = d2 = 𝟔𝟔𝟎.𝟗𝟕 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗 = 𝟔𝟔𝟎.𝟖𝟖 𝒎
2(660.97)
d = d1 + d2 = 330.26 + 660.88
𝐂𝒉𝑩𝑪 = 𝟎.𝟎𝟗 𝒎
d = 991.14 m

4. A 50 – m steel tape that weighs 0.04 kg/m is used to lay-out a

distance of 275 m. The tape is supported at its end points and
at the 8-m and 25-m marks of every tape length. If a pull of 6 kg
is applied, determine the following:
a. Correction due to sag for each unsupported segment of the tape.
b. Total correction due to sag for one tape length.
c. Correct distance to be laid-out to have the desired length.

Solution
A 8m 25m B
a. Correction for each segment
1. Segment A-8 2. Segment 8-25 3. Segment 25-B
𝝎𝟐 𝑳 𝟑 𝝎𝟐 𝑳 𝟑 𝝎𝟐 𝑳 𝟑
𝐶 = 𝐶 = 𝐶 =
𝟐𝟒𝑷𝟐 𝟐𝟒𝑷𝟐 𝟐𝟒𝑷𝟐
𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟐 (𝟖𝟑 ) 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟐 (𝟏𝟕𝟑 ) 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟐 (𝟐𝟓𝟑 )
𝑪𝑺𝟏 = 𝑪𝑺𝟐 = 𝑪𝑺𝟑 =
𝟐𝟒(𝟔𝟐 ) 𝟐𝟒(𝟔𝟐 ) 𝟐𝟒(𝟔𝟐 )
𝐂𝑺𝟏 = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗 𝒎 𝐂𝑺𝟐 = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟏 𝒎 𝐂𝑺𝟑 = 𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟖𝟗 𝒎

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4. A 50 – m steel tape that weighs 0.04 kg/m is used to lay-out a

distance of 275 m. The tape is supported at its end points and
at the 8-m and 25-m marks of every tape length. If a pull of 6 kg
is applied, determine the following:
a. Correction due to sag for each unsupported segment of the tape.
b. Total correction due to sag for one tape length.
c. Correct distance to be laid-out to have the desired length.

Solution
A 8m 25m B
b. Total Correction per tape

𝑪𝑺 = 𝑪𝑺𝟏 + 𝑪𝑺𝟐 + 𝑪𝑺𝟑

𝑪𝑺 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟖𝟗

𝐂𝑺 = 𝟎.𝟎𝟑𝟖𝟗 𝒎

4. A 50 – m steel tape that weighs 0.04 kg/m is used to lay-out a

distance of 275 m. The tape is supported at its end points and
at the 8-m and 25-m marks of every tape length. If a pull of 6 kg
is applied, determine the following:
a. Correction due to sag for each unsupported segment of the tape.
b. Total correction due to sag for one tape length.
c. Correct distance to be laid-out to have the desired length.

Solution
A 8m 25m B
C. Total Distance to Lay Out
𝟐𝟕𝟓
= 5 tapes and 25 m
𝟓𝟎

𝑪𝑺𝒍𝒐 = 𝟓𝑪𝑺 + 𝑪𝑺𝟏 + 𝑪𝑺𝟐 𝒅𝒍𝒐 = 𝒅 + 𝑪𝑺

𝑪𝑺 = 𝟓 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟖𝟗 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟏 𝒅𝒍𝒐 = 𝟐𝟕𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎𝟒𝟓

𝐂𝑺 = 𝟎.𝟐𝟎𝟒𝟓 𝒎 𝒅𝒍𝒐 = 𝟐𝟕𝟓.𝟐𝟎𝟒𝟓 𝒎

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5. A line AB cannot be measured directly because of an obstruction

on line. Accordingly, the two lines AC and CB were measured as
2,400.850 m and 1,320.420 m, respectively. Point C was set at a
perpendicular distance of 155 m from point D along line AB. Using
the approximate slope correction formula for steep slopes,
determine the length of line AB.
C
Solution 2,400.85m 1,320.42m
a. Length of Line AB A 155m B

𝒉𝟐 𝒉𝟒 D
𝑪𝒉𝑨𝑪 = +
𝟐𝒔 𝟖𝒔𝟑
𝟏𝟓𝟓𝟐 𝟏𝟓𝟓𝟒 𝟏𝟓𝟓𝟐 𝟏𝟓𝟓𝟒
𝑪𝒉𝑨𝑪 = + 𝑪𝒉𝑪𝑩 = +
𝟐(𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟓) 𝟖(𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)𝟑 𝟐(𝟏𝟑𝟐𝟎. 𝟒𝟐) 𝟖(𝟏𝟑𝟐𝟎. 𝟒𝟐)𝟑
𝐂𝒉𝑨𝑪 = 𝟓. 𝟎𝟏 𝒎 𝐂𝒉𝑪𝑩 = 𝟗.𝟏𝟑 𝒎

5. A line AB cannot be measured directly because of an obstruction

on line. Accordingly, the two lines AC and CB were measured as
2,400.850 m and 1,320.420 m, respectively. Point C was set at a
perpendicular distance of 155 m from point D along line AB. Using
the approximate slope correction formula for steep slopes,
determine the length of line AB.
C
Solution 2,400.85m 1,320.42m
a. Length of Line AB A 155m B

d = 𝒔 − 𝑪𝒉 D
𝒅𝑨𝑪 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 − 𝟓. 𝟎𝟏
𝒅𝑨𝑩 = 𝒅𝑨𝑪 + 𝒅𝑪𝑩
𝒅𝑨𝑪 = 𝟐𝟑𝟗𝟓. 𝟖𝟒 𝒎
𝒅𝑨𝑩 = 𝟐𝟑𝟗𝟓. 𝟖𝟒 + 𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟗
𝒅𝑪𝑩 = 𝟏𝟑𝟐𝟎. 𝟒𝟐 − 𝟗. 𝟏𝟑 𝒅𝑨𝑩 = 𝟑𝟕𝟎𝟕. 𝟏𝟑 𝒎
𝒅𝑪𝑩 = 𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟗 𝒎

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6. A line was found to be 2,395.25 m long when measured with a 30 – m

tape under a steady pull of 3 kg. at a mean temperature of 30°C. The
tape was held in the air and supported at both ends and at every one
third of the tape. Determine the correct length of the line if the
tape used is of standard length at 20°C under a pull of 5 kg. Assume
the cross sectional area of tape to be 0.02 cm2, Elastic Modulus as
2.10 x 106 kg/cm2, weighs 0.05 kg/m, and a Coefficient of Thermal
Expansion to be 0.0000116/°C.

Solution
𝑷𝒎 − 𝑷𝑺 𝑳
𝑪𝒕 = 𝑪𝑳(𝑻 − 𝑻𝑺 ) 𝑪𝒑 =
𝑨𝑬
𝑪𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟔(𝟐𝟑𝟗𝟓. 𝟐𝟓)(𝟑𝟎° − 𝟐𝟎°) 𝟑 − 𝟓 (𝟐𝟑𝟗𝟓. 𝟐𝟓)
𝑪𝒑 =
𝐂𝒕 = 𝟎.𝟐𝟕𝟖 𝒎 (𝟎. 𝟎𝟐)(𝟐. 𝟏𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟔 )

𝐂𝒑 = − 𝟎.𝟏𝟏𝟒 𝒎

6. A line was found to be 2,395.25 m long when measured with a 30 – m

tape under a steady pull of 3 kg. at a mean temperature of 30°C. The
tape was held in the air and supported at both ends and at every one
third of the tape. Determine the correct length of the line if the
tape used is of standard length at 20°C under a pull of 5 kg. Assume
the cross sectional area of tape to be 0.02 cm2, Elastic Modulus as
2.10 x 106 kg/cm2, weighs 0.05 kg/m, and a Coefficient of Thermal
Expansion to be 0.0000116/°C.

Solution
𝝎𝟐 𝑳 𝟑 𝐂𝑺 = 𝟑 ∗ 𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟐 (
𝟐𝟑𝟗𝟓.𝟐𝟓
) 𝑪𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝑪𝑺 + 𝑪𝒕 + 𝑪𝒑
𝐶 = 𝟑𝟎
𝟐𝟒𝑷𝟐
𝑪𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟕𝟒𝟑 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟕𝟖 − 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟒
𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟐 (𝟏𝟎𝟑 ) 𝐂𝑺 = 𝟐.𝟖𝟕𝟒𝟑 𝒎
𝑪𝑺𝟏 =
𝟐𝟒(𝟑𝟐 ) CL = 𝑴𝑳 + 𝑪𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍
𝐂𝑺𝟏 = 𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟐 𝒎
CL = 𝟐𝟑𝟗𝟓.𝟐𝟓 + 𝟑. 𝟎𝟑𝟖𝟑

CL = 𝟐𝟑𝟗𝟖.𝟐𝟖𝟖𝟑 𝒎

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7. A steel tape weighing 0.85 kg has a cross-sectional area of

0.05 cm2. The tape measures exactly 30.00m when supported
throughout its length under a pull of 5.5 kg. If the modulus of
elasticity is 2.10 x 106 kg/cm2, determine the tension required to
make the tape equal to its nominal length when supported only at
the end points.
Solution
𝑾𝟐 𝑨𝑬
(𝑷𝑵 )𝟐 =
𝟐𝟒(𝑷𝑵 −𝑷𝑺 )

𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝟐 (𝟎. 𝟎𝟓)(𝟐. 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟔 )

(𝑷𝑵 )𝟐 =
𝟐𝟒(𝑷𝑵 −𝟓. 𝟓)

𝑷𝑵 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟕𝟓𝟕𝟎 𝒌𝒈

Thank you!