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    Slide Detail For SCADA

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    hakim
    The SCADA system monitors and controls industrial processes through automatic or manual means. It collects data from sensors measuring aspects of the industrial process and sends control signals to actuators that can adjust the process. SCADA is commonly used in power generation, oil and gas, transportation, water management, and manufacturing. It monitors critical infrastructure like power grids, water systems, and transportation networks. SCADA uses protocols like DNP3 and Modbus to communicate between systems and components for monitoring, control, and optimization of industrial processes.

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    Slide Detail For SCADA

    Uploaded by

    hakim
    48 views20 pages
    The SCADA system monitors and controls industrial processes through automatic or manual means. It collects data from sensors measuring aspects of the industrial process and sends control signals to actuators that can adjust the process. SCADA is commonly used in power generation, oil and gas, transportation, water management, and manufacturing. It monitors critical infrastructure like power grids, water systems, and transportation networks. SCADA uses protocols like DNP3 and Modbus to communicate between systems and components for monitoring, control, and optimization of industrial processes.

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    Slide Detail for SCADA

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    The SCADA system monitors and controls industrial processes through automatic or manual means. It collects data from sensors measuring aspects of the industrial process and sends control signals to actuators that can adjust the process. SCADA is commonly used in power generation, oil and gas, transportation, water management, and manufacturing. It monitors critical infrastructure like power grids, water systems, and transportation networks. SCADA uses protocols like DNP3 and Modbus to communicate between systems and components for monitoring, control, and optimization of industrial processes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    48 views20 pages

    Slide Detail For SCADA

    Uploaded by

    hakim
    The SCADA system monitors and controls industrial processes through automatic or manual means. It collects data from sensors measuring aspects of the industrial process and sends control signals to actuators that can adjust the process. SCADA is commonly used in power generation, oil and gas, transportation, water management, and manufacturing. It monitors critical infrastructure like power grids, water systems, and transportation networks. SCADA uses protocols like DNP3 and Modbus to communicate between systems and components for monitoring, control, and optimization of industrial processes.

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    of 20

    SCADA System

    TCIPG RG 1
    Industrial Systems

    Input Industrial Process Output


    A(t)

    Control

    SCADA: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition


    The SCADA system monitors and {automatically or manually} controls the an
    industrial process.
    Types of Processes
    • Power generation and transmission
    • Oil and Gas
    • Air traffic and railways
    • Water management
    • Manufacturing
    In real life SCADA controls…
    • The power in your home
    • The water in your home
    • Where the water goes from your home
    • The traffic lights on the way to the office
    • The commuter train controls
    • The air conditioning system in your office
    building
    • The phone system to your home
    SCADA topology
    Another Example
    Human-Machine Interface (HMI)
    Power Utility
    Substation Connection
    Protocols Used
    • Raw binary protocols
    – DNP3 and modbus
    – Designed for serial links
    – Reads data and sends commands and alerts
    • High-level data protocols
    – ICCP
    – Uses XML for communication
    – Human readible
    DNP3
    GOOSE
    Protocols

    ICCP

    Generation Substation

    DNP3
    Security Issues
    • SCADA does not authenticate users or devices
    – All SCADA protocols do not implement
    authentication. Trust assumption
    • Patching is really hard
    – Devices have to be taken offline for patching
    • Believe they are not connected
    – Laptops roam around (WiFi)
    – Ex. Historians are a possible leak
    • Old Modems
    SCADA Functions in Power Systems
    • Another commonly used term is energy
    management system (EMS), which is a broader
    concept.
    – An energy management system (EMS) is a system of
    computer-aided tools used by operators of
    electric utility grids to monitor, control, and optimize
    the performance of
    the generation and/or transmission system.
    – The monitor and control functions are known
    as SCADA; the optimization packages are often
    referred to as "advanced applications". They are
    closely related.
    SCADA: Monitoring
    • State estimation is the core
    State Estimation
    Metering measurements
    Static
    Structure information State Estimates of the
    Estimator System state
    Parameter values

    • Typical measurements used for state estimation:


    – Real and reactive power flows on the lines; -Bus voltage magnitudes
    at generation;
    – Transformer tap settings; -Real and reactive power loads at
    load buses;
    • System state
    – voltage magnitude and angle
    • Example:

    • 21 measurements,
    • 7 state variables
    State Estimation
    • Basic assumption
    – Power system is in the quasi-steady-state condition
    • Problem formulation
    Power flow equations

    • Estimation method
    – weighted least-squares (WLS) estimation
    • Security consideration
    – bad data detection (incorporation of PMU data)
    SCADA: Control
    • In EMS, the time hierarchy for operations and
    control decisions
    Time Scale Load Variations Function in EMS Decision
    seconds small, random automatic control Match the on-line generation
    with the load
    minutes large economic dispatch Allocate economically load
    among the committed
    generating units
    days and wide unit commitment Start-up and shutdown of units
    hours
    weeks very wide Fuel, hydro, and Meet load with the installed
    swings maintenance resource mix
    scheduling
    SCADA: Control
    • SCADA control mechanisms:
    – Voltage control:
    • Var compensation, in-phase transformer tap settings
    – Frequency control: AGC
    – Topology change: line switching
    – Load shedding: the last resort
    – Protection device (e.g., relays) parameter setting
    • Security consideration:
    – The impact of malicious control command is hard to
    evaluate.

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