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    EMII 7c

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    rhythm
    This document discusses dipole arrays and summarizes: 1) It considers a linear array of identical dipole antennas where the current amplitude and radiation pattern in the x-y plane are controlled by spacing between elements and phase of the current driving each element. 2) It examines a pair of z-oriented dipoles and derives an expression for the total radiation pattern based on the phase shift and spacing between the dipoles. 3) It defines the array factor that describes the variation of radiation pattern with angle for a general uniform linear array of N elements based on element spacing and phase increase between elements.

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    EMII 7c

    Uploaded by

    rhythm
    32 views4 pages
    This document discusses dipole arrays and summarizes: 1) It considers a linear array of identical dipole antennas where the current amplitude and radiation pattern in the x-y plane are controlled by spacing between elements and phase of the current driving each element. 2) It examines a pair of z-oriented dipoles and derives an expression for the total radiation pattern based on the phase shift and spacing between the dipoles. 3) It defines the array factor that describes the variation of radiation pattern with angle for a general uniform linear array of N elements based on element spacing and phase increase between elements.

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    EMII_7c

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    This document discusses dipole arrays and summarizes: 1) It considers a linear array of identical dipole antennas where the current amplitude and radiation pattern in the x-y plane are controlled by spacing between elements and phase of the current driving each element. 2) It examines a pair of z-oriented dipoles and derives an expression for the total radiation pattern based on the phase shift and spacing between the dipoles. 3) It defines the array factor that describes the variation of radiation pattern with angle for a general uniform linear array of N elements based on element spacing and phase increase between elements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    32 views4 pages

    EMII 7c

    Uploaded by

    rhythm
    This document discusses dipole arrays and summarizes: 1) It considers a linear array of identical dipole antennas where the current amplitude and radiation pattern in the x-y plane are controlled by spacing between elements and phase of the current driving each element. 2) It examines a pair of z-oriented dipoles and derives an expression for the total radiation pattern based on the phase shift and spacing between the dipoles. 3) It defines the array factor that describes the variation of radiation pattern with angle for a general uniform linear array of N elements based on element spacing and phase increase between elements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    EM II - 5EPB0

    Dipole Arrays

    R. Serra (r.serra@tue.nl)

    June 17, 2019

    Dipole Arrays 2/8

    A properly spaced and excited collection of antennas can have a


    significant variation with ϕ.

    We will assume:
    I The array is linear.
    I Each element is a dipole.
    I All antenna elements in the array are identical.
    I The current amplitude is the same feeding each element.
    I The radiation pattern lies in the x-y plane (θ = π/2).

    We will control the radiation pattern by


    I controlling the spacing between elements and/or
    I controlling the phase of the current driving each element.

    Department of Electrical Engineering


    Pair of Dipoles 3/8

    We recall the far field value of E:

    I0 L β exp(−jβr)
    EFF = jZ sin(θ)aθ
    4π r

    We consider a pair of z-oriented dipoles. The total field is the vector


    sum:

    I01 L β exp(−jβr1 ) I0 L β exp(−jβr2 )


    Ĕtotal = Ĕ1 + Ĕ2 = jZ aθ + jZ 2 aθ
    4π r1 4π r2

    Department of Electrical Engineering

    Pair of Dipoles - Assumptions 4/8

    The currents have the same amplitude, but we insert a phase shift α
    between them:

    I01 = I0
    I02 = I0 e jα

    We consider the far field conditions, then ϕ1 ≈ ϕ2 ≈ ϕ and for the


    denominator r1 ≈ r2 ≈ r.

    The same simplification cannot be done for the phase terms, therefore

    d d
    r1 = r + cos ϕ, r2 = r − cos ϕ
    2 2

    Department of Electrical Engineering


    Pair of Dipoles - Total Field 5/8

    Substitution leads to

    I0 L β e −jβr j α h −j(β d cos ϕ+ α ) j(β d


    cos ϕ+ α
    )
    i
    Ĕtotal = jZ e 2 e 2 2 +e 2 2 aθ
    4π r

    Knowing that exp(−jx) + exp(jx) = 2 cos x

    I0 L β e −jβr
      
    α d α
    Ĕtotal = jZ 2e j 2 cos β cos ϕ + aθ
    4π r 2 2

    Department of Electrical Engineering

    Pair of Dipoles - Radiated Power 6/8

    The radiated power is simply


    i 1 |Ĕ 2
    1 h ∗ totalθ |
    S̆h = Re Ĕ × H̆ = ar
    2 2 Z

    Resulting in

    Z β 2 I02 L 2
      
    d α
    S̆h = 2 2
    cos2 β cos ϕ + ar
    8π r 2 2

    Department of Electrical Engineering


    Array Factor 7/8

    Considering

    Z β 2 I02 L 2
      
    d α
    S̆h = 2 2
    4 cos2 β cos ϕ + ar
    32π r 2 2
    It can be written

    S̆h = Funit Farray ar

    Where the unit factor Funit is the time-averaged power density for an
    individual element at θ = π/2, and Farray is the array factor.

    Department of Electrical Engineering

    N-element linear arrays 8/8

    For a general uniform linear array of N elements along the x-axis,


    spacing d , phase increase α:

    Then:
    NΨ
    sin2
    
    2
    Farray = 2 Ψ
    
    sin 2
    with

    Ψ = βd cos ϕ + α

    Source: Wentworth

    Department of Electrical Engineering

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