Cisco SF300

ADMINISTRATION GUIDE
Cisco Small Business 300 Series Managed Switch Administration Guide Release 1.1
Fast Ethernet Switches Gig Ethernet Switches SF300-08, SF302-08, SF302-08MP, SF302-08P, SF300-24, SF300-24P, SF300-48, SF300-48P SG300-10, SG300-10MP, SG300-10P, SG300-20, SG300-28, SG300-28P, SG300-52
Contents
Chapter 1: Getting Started

Starting the Web-based Switch Configuration Utility
Launching the Configuration Utility Logging In Password Expiration Logging Out
1
1
1 2 3 3
Quick Start Switch Configuration Window Navigation

Application Header Management Buttons
4 5
5 6
Chapter 2: Viewing Statistics

Viewing Ethernet Interface Viewing Etherlike Statistics Viewing GVRP Statistics Viewing 802.1X EAP Statistics Viewing TCAM Utilization Managing RMON Statistics
Viewing RMON Statistics Configuring RMON History Viewing the RMON History Table Defining RMON Events Control Viewing the RMON Events Logs Defining RMON Alarms
9
9 11 12 13 14 16
16 18 19 20 21 22
Chapter 3: Managing System Logs

Setting System Log Settings Setting Remote Logging Settings Viewing Memory Logs
RAM Memory Flash Memory
24
24 26 27
27 28
Cisco Small Business 300 1.1 Series Managed Switch Administration Guide
Contents
Chapter 4: Managing System Files

Upgrade/Backup Firmware/Language
Uploading a New Firmware or Language File
29
32
32
Selecting the Active Image Downloading or Backing-up a Configuration or Log Displaying Configuration File Properties Copying or Saving Switch Configuration File Types Setting DHCP Auto Configuration
35 36 38 39 40
Chapter 5: General Administrative Information and Operations

System Information
Displaying the System Summary Configuring the System Settings
42
42
42 44
Switch Models Rebooting the Switch Monitoring the Fan Status Defining Idle Session Timeout
45 46 48 48
Chapter 6: System Time

System Time Options Configuring System Time Setting SNTP Defining SNTP Authentication
49
50 51 53 55
Chapter 7: Managing Device Diagnostics

Testing Copper Ports Displaying Optical Module Status Configuring Port and VLAN Mirroring Viewing CPU Utilization
57
57 60 61 63
Contents
Chapter 8: Configuring Discovery

Configuring Bonjour Discovery
Bonjour for a System in Layer 2 Mode Bonjour for a System in Layer 3 Mode
64
64
64 65
Configuring LLDP
Setting LLDP Properties Editing LLDP Port Settings LLDP MED Protocol Setting LLDP MED Network Policy Configuring LLDP MED Port Settings Displaying LLDP Port Status Displaying LLDP Local Information Displaying LLDP Neighbors Information Accessing LLDP Statistics LLDP Overloading
66
67 68 70 71 72 74 75 78 82 83
Chapter 9: Port Management

Port Management Workflow Setting the Basic Port Configuration Configuring Link Aggregation Static and Dynamic LAG Workflow Defining LAG Management
Defining Member Ports in a LAG
86
86 87 90 92 92
93
Configuring LAG Settings Configuring LACP

Setting Port LACP Parameter Settings
93 95
96
Green Ethernet
Setting Global Green Ethernet Properties Setting per Port Green Ethernet Properties
97
98 99
Contents
Chapter 10: Managing Power-over-Ethernet Devices

PoE on the Switch
PoE Features PoE Operation PoE Configuration Considerations
101
101
101 102 102
Configuring PoE Properties Configuring the PoE Power, Priority, and Class
103 105
Chapter 11: VLAN Management

VLANs Configuring Default VLAN Settings Creating VLANs Configuring VLAN Interface Settings Defining VLAN Membership
Configuring Port to VLAN Configuring VLAN to Port Viewing VLAN Membership
107
107 110 111 113 115
115 116 117
GVRP Settings
Defining GVRP Settings
118
118
VLAN GROUPS
Assigning MAC-based VLAN Groups Assigning VLAN Group ID to VLAN Per Interface
119
119 120
Voice VLAN
Voice VLAN Options Voice VLAN Constraints
121
122 123
Configuring Voice VLAN Properties

Configuring Telephony OUI
124
125
Chapter 12: Configuring the Spanning Tree Protocol

STP Flavors Configuring STP Status and Global Settings
127
127 129
Contents
Defining Spanning Tree Interface Settings Configuring Rapid Spanning Tree Settings Multiple Spanning Tree Defining MSTP Properties Mapping VLANs to a MST Instance Defining MSTP Instance Settings Defining MSTP Interface Settings
130 132 134 135 136 137 138
Chapter 13: Managing MAC Address Tables

Configuring Static MAC Addresses Dynamic MAC Addresses
Configuring Dynamic MAC Address Parameters Querying Dynamic Addresses
141
141 142
143 143
Defining Reserved MAC Addresses
144
Chapter 14: Configuring Multicast Forwarding

Multicast Forwarding
Typical Multicast Setup Multicast Operation Multicast Registration Multicast Address Properties
146
146
147 147 148 149
Defining Multicast Properties MAC Group Address IP Multicast Group Address IGMP Snooping MLD Snooping IGMP/MLD IP Multicast Group Multicast Router Port Defining Forward All Multicast Defining Unregistered Multicast Settings
150 151 153 155 158 160 161 162 163
Contents
Chapter 15: Configuring IP Information

Management and IP Interfaces
Managing IPv6 IP Addressing Defining IPv6 Global Configuration Defining an IPv6 Interface Defining IPv6 Addresses Defining an IPv6 Default Router List Configuring IPv6 Tunnels Defining IPv6 Neighbors Information Viewing IPv6 Route Tables
166
166
168 168 173 173 175 176 177 179 181
Defining IPv4 Static Routing Enabling ARP Proxy Defining UDP Relay DHCP Relay
Defining DHCP Relay Properties Defining DHCP Relay Interfaces
182 183 184 185

185 186
Configuring ARP Domain Name Systems

Defining DNS Servers Mapping DNS Hosts
187 189
189 190
Chapter 16: Configuring Security

Defining Users
Setting User Accounts Setting Password Complexity Rules
192
193
193 194
TACACS+ Configuration
Configuring Default TACACS+ Parameters Adding a TACACS+ Server
195
196 196
Configuring RADIUS Parameters

Adding a RADIUS Server
197
198
Contents
Management Access Authentication Access Profiles

Displaying, Adding, or Activating an Access Profile Defining Profile Rules
200 201
202 205
Configuring TCP/UDP Services Defining Storm Control Configuring Port Security 802.1X
802.1X Parameters Workflow Defining 802.1X Properties Configuring Unauthenticated VLANs Defining 802.1X Port Authentication Defining Host and Session Authentication Viewing Authenticated Hosts Defining Time Ranges Defining a Recurring Range
207 208 209 211

215 215 216 217 220 222 223 224
Denial of Service Prevention

Denial of Service Security Suite Settings
225
225
Chapter 17: Access Control

Access Control Lists Defining MAC-based ACLs
Adding Rules to a MAC-based ACL
232
232 235
235
IPv4-based ACLs
Defining an IPv4-based ACL Adding Rules (ACEs) to an IPv4-Based ACL
236
237 237
IPv6-based ACLs
Defining an IPv6-based ACL
241
241
Defining ACL Binding
244
Contents
Chapter 18: Configuring Quality of Service

QoS Features and Components
QoS Modes QoS Workflow
246
246
247 248
Configuring QoS
Displaying QoS Properties Modifying Interface Default CoS Value Configuring QoS Queues Mapping CoS/802.1p to a Queue Mapping DSCP to Queue Configuring Bandwidth Configuring Egress Shaping per Queue Configuring VLAN Rate Limit TCP Congestion Avoidance
249
249 250 251 252 254 255 256 257 258
QoS Basic Mode

Workflow to Configure Basic QoS Mode Configuring Global Settings Interface QoS Settings
258
258 259 260
QoS Advanced Mode

Workflow to Configure Advanced QoS Mode Configuring Out-of-Profile DSCP Remarking Defining Class Mapping QoS Policers Defining Aggregate Policers Configuring a Policy Policy Class Maps Policy Binding
260
262 262 264 265 266 267 268 270
Managing QoS Statistics

Viewing Policer Statistics Viewing Queues Statistics
270
270 272
Contents
Chapter 19: Configuring SNMP

SNMP Versions and Workflow
SNMP v1 and v2 SNMP v3 SNMP Workflow Supported MIBs
274
274
274 275 276 276
Model OIDs SNMP Engine ID Configuring SNMP Views Creating SNMP Groups Managing SNMP Users Defining SNMP Communities Defining Trap Settings Notification Recipients
Defining SNMPv1,2 Notification Recipients Defining SNMPv3 Notification Recipients
279 280 281 283 285 287 289 289

290 291
SNMP Notification Filters
293
Chapter 20: Console Menu Interface

Connecting By Using a Terminal Emulation Application
Communicating by Using a Serial Cable Connection Communicating By Using a TCP/IP Connection
295
295
296 297
Connecting By Using Telnet Console Configuration Menu Navigation Console Interface Main Menu
System Configuration Menu System Information Management Settings Username & Password Settings Security Settings VLAN Management
298 299 300

300 301 301 303 304 304
10
Contents
IP Configuration IPv6 Address Configuration Network Configuration File Management Port Status Port Configuration System Mode Help Logout
305 306 308 310 312 312 313 313 313
11
1
Getting Started
This section provides an introduction to the user interface, and includes the following topics: Starting the Web-based Switch Configuration Utility Quick Start Switch Configuration Window Navigation

This section describes how to navigate the web-based switch configuration utility. If you are using a pop-up blocker, make sure it is disabled. Browsers have the following restrictions: If you are using Internet Explorer 6, you cannot directly use an IPv6 address to access the switch. You can, however, use the DNS (Domain Name System) server to create a domain name that contains the IPv6 address, and then use that domain name in the address bar in place of the IPv6 address. In Firefox, the automatic pop-up on top option is disabled by default. Certain add-ons enable this feature during installation. To disable this option, go to ToolsOptionsContentEnable JavaScriptAdvance. If you have multiple IPv6 interfaces on your management station, use the IPv6 global address instead of IPv6 link local address to access the switch from your browser.
Getting Started
Launching the Configuration Utility

To open the user interface:
STEP 1 Open a Web browser. STEP 2 Enter the IP address of the switch you are configuring in the address bar on the
browser, and then press Enter. The Login page opens.

NOTE When the switch is using the factory default IP address of 192.168.1.254, its power
LED flashes continuously. When the switch is using a DHCP assigned IP address or an administrator-configured static IP address, the power LED is on solid.
Logging In
The default username is cisco and the default password is cisco. The first time that you log in with the default username and password, you are required to enter a new password. To log in to the device configuration utility:
STEP 1 Enter the username/password. The password can contain up to 64 ASCII
characters. Password-complexity rules are described in the Setting Password Complexity Rules section of the Configuring Security chapter.
STEP 2 If you are not using English, select the desired language from the Language drop-
down menu. To add a new language to the switch or update a current one, refer to the Upgrade/Backup Firmware/Language section.
STEP 3 If this is the first time that you logged on with the default user ID (cisco) and the
default password (cisco) or your password has expired, the Change Password Page opens. See Password Expiration for additional information.
STEP 4 Choose whether to select Disable Password Complexity Enforcement or not.
For more information on password complexity, see the Setting Password Complexity Rules section.
STEP 5 Enter the new password and click Apply.
When the login attempt is successful, the Getting Started page opens. If you entered an incorrect username or password, an error message is displayed and the Login page remains displayed on the window.
Getting Started
Select Dont show this page on startup to prevent the Getting Started page from being displayed each time that you logon to the system. If you select this option, the System Summary page is opened instead of the Getting Started page.
Password Expiration
The New Password page is displayed: The first time you access the switch with the default username cisco and password cisco. This page forces you to replace the factory default password. When the password expires, this page forces you to select a new password.
Logging Out
By default, the application logs out after ten minutes of inactivity. You can change this default value as described in the Defining Idle Session Timeout section in the General Administrative Information and Operations chapter.
!
CAUTION Unless the Running Configuration is copied to the Startup Configuration, all
changes made since the last time the file was saved are lost if the switch is rebooted. Save the Running Configuration to the Startup Configuration before logging off to preserve any changes you made during this session. A flashing red X icon displayed to the left of the Save application link indicates that Running Configuration changes have been made that have not yet been saved to the Startup Configuration file. The flashing can be disabled by clicking on the Disable Save Icon Blinking button on the Copy/Save Configuration page When the switch auto-discovers a device, such as an IP phone, it configures the port appropriately for the device. These configuration commands are written to the Running Configuration file. This causes the Save icon to begin blinking when the user logs on even though the user did not make any configuration changes. When you click Save, the Copy/Save Configuration page is displayed. Save the Running Configuration file by copying it to the Startup Configuration file. After this save, the red X icon and the Save application link are no longer displayed.
Getting Started
Quick Start Switch Configuration
To logout, click Logout in the top right corner of any page. The system logs out of the switch. When a timeout occurs or you intentionally log out of the system, a message is displayed and the Login page opens, with a message indicating the logged-out state. After you log in, the application returns to the initial page. The initial page displayed depends on the Do not show this page on startup option in the Getting Started page. If you did not select this option, the initial page is the Getting Started page. If you did select this option, the initial page is the System Summary page.

To simplify switch configuration through quick navigation, the Getting Started page provides links to the most commonly used pages.
Links on the Getting Started page Category Initial Setup Link Name (on the Page) Change Device IP Address Linked Page
IPv4 Interface page
Create VLAN Configure Port Settings Device Status System Summary Port Statistics RMON Statistics View Log Quick Access Change Device Password Upgrade Device Software Backup Device Configuration
Create VLAN page Port Setting page System Summary page interface page Statistics page RAM Memory page User Accounts page Upgrade/Backup Firmware/ Language page Download/Backup Configuration/Log page
Getting Started
1
Link Name (on the Page) Create MAC Based ACL Create IP Based ACL Configure QoS Configure Port Mirroring Linked Page
Links on the Getting Started page (Continued) Category
MAC Based ACL page IPv4 Based ACL page QoS Properties page Port and VLAN Mirroring page
There are two hot links on the Getting Started page that take you to Cisco web pages for more information. Clicking on the Support link takes you to the switch product support page, and clicking on the Forums link takes you to the Small Business Support Community page.
Getting Started
Window Navigation
1
This section describes the features of the web-based switch configuration utility.
Window Navigation
Application Header
The Application Header is displayed on every page. It provides the following application links:
Application Links Application Link Name Description A flashing red X icon displayed to the left of the Save application link indicates that Running Configuration changes have been made that have not yet been saved to the Startup Configuration file. The flashing of the red X can be disabled on the Copy/Save Configuration page. Click Save to display the Copy/Save Configuration page. Save the Running Configuration file type by copying it to the Startup Configuration file type on the switch. After this save, the red X icon and the Save application link are no longer displayed. When the switch is rebooted, it copies the Startup Configuration file type to the Running Configuration and sets the switch parameters according to the data in the Running Configuration. Username Language Menu Displays the name of the user logged on to the switch. The default username is cisco. (The default password is cisco.) Select a language or load a new language file into the switch. If the language required is displayed in the menu, select it. If it is not displayed, select Download Language. For more information about adding a new language, refer to the Upgrade/Backup Firmware/Language. Click to logout of the web-based switch configuration utility. Click to display the switch name and switch version number.
Logout About
Getting Started
Window Navigation
1
Application Links (Continued) Application Link Name Help Description Click to display the online help. The SYSLOG Alert Status icon is displayed when a SYSLOG message, above the critical severity level, is logged. Click the icon to open the RAM Memory page. After you access this page, the SYSLOG Alert Status icon is no longer displayed. To display the page when there is not an active SYSLOG message, follow the Status and Statistics > View Log > RAM Memory page path.
Management Buttons
The following table describes the commonly-used buttons that appear on various pages in the system.
Management Buttons Button Name Description The Administrator can use the pull-down menu to configure how many entries per page they wish to see at a time. Indicates a mandatory field. Add Click to display the related Add page and add an entry to a table. Enter the information and click Apply to save it to the Running Configuration. Click Close to return to the main page. Click Save to display the Copy/Save Configuration page and save the Running Configuration to the Startup Configuration file type on the switch.
Getting Started
Window Navigation
1
Management Buttons (Continued) Button Name Apply Description Click to apply changes to the Running Configuration on the switch. If the switch is rebooted, the Running Configuration is lost, unless it is saved to the Startup Configuration file type or another file type. Click Save to display the Copy/ Save Configuration page and save the Running Configuration to the Startup Configuration file type on the switch. Click to reset changes made on the page. Click to clear the statistic counters for all interfaces.
Cancel Clear All Interfaces Counters Clear Interface Counters Clear Logs Clear Table Close
Click to clear the statistic counters for the selected interface. Clears log files. Clears table entries. Returns to main page. If there are changes that were not applied to the Running Configuration, a message is displayed. A table typically contains one or more entries containing configuration settings. Instead of modifying each entry individually, it is possible to modify one entry and then copy it to multiple entries, as described below: 1. Select the entry to be copied. Click Copy Settings to display the popup. 2. Enter the destination entry numbers in the to field. 3. Click Apply to save the changes and click Close to return to the main page.
Copy Settings
Delete Details
Select the entry in the table to be deleted and click Delete to remove entries from a table. The entry is deleted. Click to display the details associated with the entry selected on the main page.
Getting Started
Window Navigation
1
Management Buttons (Continued) Button Name Edit Description Select the entry and click Edit to open the entries for editing. The Edit page opens, and the entry can be modified. 1. Click Apply to save the changes to the Running Configuration. 2. Click Close to return to the main page. Go Test Enter the query filtering criteria and click Go. The results are displayed on the page. Click Test to perform the related tests.
2
Viewing Statistics
This section describes how to view switch statistics. It contains the following sections: Viewing Ethernet Interface Viewing Etherlike Statistics Viewing GVRP Statistics Viewing 802.1X EAP Statistics Viewing TCAM Utilization Managing RMON
Viewing Ethernet Interface

The Interface page displays traffic statistics per port. The refresh rate of the information can be selected. This page is useful for analyzing the amount of traffic that is both sent and received and its dispersion (Unicast, Multicast, and Broadcast).
10
Viewing Statistics
Viewing Ethernet Interface
2
To display Ethernet statistics:
STEP 1 Click Status and Statistics > Interface. The Interface page opens. STEP 2 Enter the parameters.
InterfaceSelect the type of interface and specific interface for which Ethernet statistics are to be displayed. Refresh RateSelect the time period that passes before the interface Ethernet statistics are refreshed. The available options are: No RefreshStatistics are not refreshed. 15 SecStatistics are refreshed every 15 seconds. 30 SecStatistics are refreshed every 30 seconds. 60 SecStatistics are refreshed every 60 seconds.
The Receive Statistics area displays information about incoming packets. Total Bytes (Octets)Octets received, including bad packets and FCS octets, but excluding framing bits. Unicast PacketsGood Unicast packets received. Multicast PacketsGood Multicast packets received. Broadcast PacketsGood Broadcast packets received. Packets with ErrorsPackets with errors received.
The Transmit Statistics area displays information about outgoing packets. Total Bytes (Octets)Octets transmitted, including bad packets and FCS octets, but excluding framing bits. Unicast PacketsGood Unicast packets transmitted. Multicast PacketsGood Multicast packets transmitted. Broadcast PacketsGood Broadcast packets transmitted.
To clear statistics counters: Click Clear Interface Counters to clear counters for the interface displayed. Click Clear All Interface Counters to clear counters for all interfaces.
11
Viewing Statistics
Viewing Etherlike Statistics
2
The Etherlike page displays statistics per port according to the Etherlike MIB standard definition. The refresh rate of the information can be selected. This page provides more detailed information regarding errors in the physical layer (Layer 1), which might disrupt traffic. To view Etherlike Statistics:
Viewing Etherlike Statistics
STEP 1 Click Status and Statistics > Etherlike. The Etherlike page opens. STEP 2 Enter the parameters.
InterfaceSelect the type of interface and specific interface for which Ethernet statistics are to be displayed. Refresh RateSelect the amount of time that passes before the Etherlike statistics are refreshed.
The fields are displayed for the selected interface. Frame Check Sequence (FCS) ErrorsReceived frames that failed the CRC (cyclic redundancy checks). Single Collision FramesThe number of frames involved in a single collision, but were successfully transmitted. Late CollisionsCollisions that have been detected after the first 512 bits of data. Excessive CollisionsNumber of transmissions due to excessive collisions. Oversize PacketsPackets greater than 1518 octets received. Internal MAC Receive ErrorsFrames rejected because of receiver errors. Pause Frames ReceivedReceived flow control pause frames. Pause Frames TransmittedFlow control pause frames transmitted from the selected interface.
12
Viewing Statistics
Viewing GVRP Statistics
2
To clear statistics counters: Click Clear Interface Counters to clear the selected interfaces Etherlike statistics counters. Click Clear All Interface Counters to clear the Etherlike statistics counters of all interfaces.
Viewing GVRP Statistics

The GVRP page displays information regarding GARP VLAN Registration Protocol frames that were sent or received from a port. GVRP is a standards-based Layer 2 network protocol, for automatic configuration of VLAN information on switches. It was defined in the 802.1ak amendment to 802.1Q-2005. GVRP statistics for a port are only displayed if GVRP is enabled globally and on the port. This is done in the GVRP page. To view GVRP statistics:
STEP 1 Click Status and Statistics > GVRP. The GVRP page opens. STEP 2 Enter the parameters.
InterfaceSelect the interface and specific interface for which GVRP statistics are to be displayed. Refresh RateSelect the time period that passes before the GVRP statistics page is refreshed.
The Attribute Counter block displays the counters for various types of packets per interface. Join EmptyNumber of GVRP Join Empty packets received/transmitted. EmptyNumber of GVRP empty packets received/transmitted. Leave EmptyNumber of GVRP Leave Empty packets received/ transmitted. Join InNumber of GVRP Join In packets received/transmitted. Leave InNumber of GVRP Leave In packets received/transmitted.
13
Viewing Statistics
Viewing 802.1X EAP Statistics
2
Leave AllNumber of GVRP Leave All packets received/transmitted. Invalid Protocol IDInvalid protocol ID errors. Invalid Attribute TypeInvalid attribute ID errors. Invalid Attribute ValueInvalid attribute value errors. Invalid Attribute LengthInvalid attribute length errors. Invalid EventInvalid events.
The GVRP Error Statistics section displays the GVRP error counters.
To clear the counters for a specified interface, click Clear Interface Counters. To clear the counters for all interfaces, click Clear All Interface Counters.The GVRP statistics counters are cleared.
Viewing 802.1X EAP Statistics

The 802.1x EAP page displays detailed information regarding the EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) frames that were sent or received. To configure the 802.1X feature, see the 802.1X Properties page. To view the EAP Statistics:
STEP 1 Click Status and Statistics > 802.1X EAP. The 802.1x EAP page opens. STEP 2 Select the Port that is polled for statistics. STEP 3 Select the time period (Refresh Rate) that passes before the EAP statistics are
refreshed. The values are displayed for the selected interface. EAPOL Frames ReceivedValid EAPOL frames received on the port. EAPOL Frames TransmittedValid EAPOL frames transmitted by the port. EAPOL Start Frames ReceivedEAPOL Start frames received on the port. EAPOL Logoff Frames ReceivedEAPOL Logoff frames received on the port.
14
Viewing Statistics
Viewing TCAM Utilization
2
EAP Response/ID Frames ReceivedEAP Resp/ID frames received on the port. EAP Response Frames ReceivedEAP Response frames received by the port (other than Resp/ID frames). EAP Request/ID Frames TransmittedEAP Req/ID frames transmitted by the port. EAP Request Frames TransmittedEAP Request frames transmitted by the port. Invalid EAPOL Frames ReceivedUnrecognized EAPOL frames received on this port. EAP Length Error Frames ReceivedEAPOL frames with an invalid Packet Body Length received on this port. Last EAPOL Frame VersionProtocol version number attached to the most recently received EAPOL frame. Last EAPOL Frame SourceSource MAC address attached to the most recently received EAPOL frame.
To clear the counters for a specified interface, click Clear Interface Counters. To clear the counters for all interfaces, click Clear All Interface Counters.
Viewing TCAM Utilization

The switch architecture uses a TCAM (Ternary Content Addressable Memory) to support an extensive data search in a short period of time. TCAM holds the rules produced by other applications, such as ACLs (Access Control Lists) or QoS. The maximum number of TCAM rules that can be allocated by all applications on the device is 512. Some applications allocate rules upon their initiation. Additionally, processes that initialize during system boot use some of their rules during the startup process. To view TCAM utilization, click Status and Statistics > TCAM Utilization. The TCAM Utilization page opens, displaying the percentage of TCAM utilization in the system and the maximum TCAM entries.
15
Viewing Statistics
Managing RMON
2
TCAM Rules The TCAM Rules Per Process table lists all processes that can allocate TCAM rules. Each process has its specific allocation policy.
TCAM Rules Per Process Process Per Port/ Per Switch Port Port Port Allocation on Activation 6/device 6/device 0 Process Upper Limit No limit No limit No limit TCAM Rules Used Up Per User Entry 1 or 2 TCAM entries per rule. 1 or 2 TCAM entries per rule. No limit Rules are duplicated for MAC-based VLANs (two rules per VLAN). An additional rule is created for each Permit rule on the interface. Comments
QoS Advanced Mode Rules Access Control Rules MAC Based VLAN
VLAN Rate Limiting
Both
255
1 Global rule per VLAN Rate Limit.
Managing RMON
RMON (Remote Networking Monitoring) is an SNMP specification that enables an SNMP agent in the switch to proactively monitor traffic statistics over a given period and send traps to an SNMP manager. The local SNMP agent compares actual, real-time counters against predefined thresholds and generates alarms, without the need for polling by a central SNMP management platform. This is an effective mechanism for proactive management, provided that you have right thresholds set relative to your networks base line. RMON decreases the traffic between the manager and the switch because the SNMP manager does not have to frequently poll the switch for information, and enables the manager to get timely status reports because the switch reports events as they occur.
16
Viewing Statistics
Managing RMON
2
With this feature, you can perform the following actions: View statistics (counter values) as they are currently, meaning since the last time they were cleared. You can also collect the values of these counters over a period of time, and then view the table of collected data, where each collected set is a single line of the History tab. Define interesting changes in counter values, such as reached a certain number of late collisions (defines the alarm), and then define what action to perform when this event occurs (log, trap, or log and trap).
Viewing RMON Statistics

The Statistics page displays detailed information regarding packet sizes and some information regarding physical layer errors. The information shown is according to the RMON standard. An oversized packet is defined as an Ethernet frame with the following criteria: Packet length is greater than MRU byte size Collision event has not been detected Late collision event has not been detected Rx error event has not been detected Packet has a valid CRC
To view the RMON statistics:

STEP 1 Click RMON > Statistics. The Statistics page opens. STEP 2 Select the Interface for which Ethernet statistics are to be displayed. STEP 3 Select the Refresh Rate, the time period that passes before the interface
statistics are refreshed. The statistics are displayed for the selected interface. Bytes Received (Octets)Number of octets received, including bad packets and FCS octets, but excluding framing bits. Drop EventsNumber of packets that were dropped. Packets ReceivedNumber of good packets received, including Multicast and Broadcast packets.
17
Viewing Statistics
Managing RMON
2
Broadcast Packets ReceivedNumber of good Broadcast packets received. This number does not include Multicast packets. Multicast Packets ReceivedNumber of good Multicast packets received. CRC & Align ErrorsNumber of CRC and Align errors that have occurred. Undersize PacketsNumber of undersized packets (less than 64 octets) received. Oversize PacketsNumber of oversized packets (over 1518 octets) received. FragmentsNumber of fragments (packets with less than 64 octets, excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) received. JabbersTotal number received packets that were longer than 1632 octets. This number excludes frame bits, but includes FCS octets that had either a bad FCS (Frame Check Sequence) with an integral number of octets (FCS Error) or a bad FCS with a non-integral octet (Alignment Error) number. A Jabber packet is defined as an Ethernet frame that satisfies the following criteria: Packet data length is greater than MRU Packet has an invalid CRC Rx Error Event has not been detected
CollisionsNumber of collisions received. If Jumbo Frames are enabled, the threshold of Jabber Frames is raised to the maximum size of Jumbo Frames. Frames of 64 BytesNumber of frames, containing 64 bytes that were received. Frames of 65 to 127 BytesNumber of frames, containing 65-127 bytes that were received. Frames of 128 to 255 BytesNumber of frames, containing 128-255 bytes that were received. Frames of 256 to 511 BytesNumber of frames, containing 256-511 bytes that were received.
18
Viewing Statistics
Managing RMON
2
Frames of 512 to 1023 BytesNumber of frames, containing 512-1023 bytes that were received. Frames greater than 1024 BytesNumber of frames, containing 10241632 bytes, and Jumbo Frames, that were received.
STEP 4 Select another interface in the Interface field. The RMON statistics are displayed.
To reset the counters, click Clear Interface Counters, or Clear All Interfaces Counters
Configuring RMON History

The History Control Table page provides the ability to collect a log of statistics on a port. You can configure the sampling frequency, amount of samples to store and the port from where to gather the data. After the data is sampled and stored, it is displayed in the History Table page that can be viewed by clicking History Table. To view RMON control history information:
STEP 1 Click Status and Statistics > RMON > History. The History page opens.
This page displays the following fields: History Entry No.Number of the history table entry. Source InterfaceID of the interface from which the history samples were captured. Max No. of Samples to KeepMaximum number of samples to be stored in this portion of the History table. Sampling IntervalTime period in seconds that samples were collected from the ports. The field range is 1-3600. OwnerRMON station or user that requested the RMON information. The field range is 0-20 characters. Current Number of SamplesRMON is allowed by standard to not grant all requested samples, but rather to limit the number of samples per request. Therefore, this field represents the sample number actually granted to the request that is equal or less than the requested value.
STEP 2 Click Add. The Add RMON History page opens.
19
Viewing Statistics
Managing RMON
2
New History EntryDisplays the number of the new table entry. Source InterfaceSelect the type of interface from where the history samples are to be taken. Max No. of Samples to KeepEnter the number of samples to store. Sampling IntervalEnter the time in seconds that samples were collected from the ports. The field range is 1-3600. OwnerEnter the RMON station or user that requested the RMON information. The field range is 0-20 characters.
STEP 3 Enter the parameters.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The entry is added to the History Control Table page, and the Running
Configuration file is updated.
Viewing the RMON History Table

The History Table page displays interface specific statistical network samplings. Each table entry represents all counter values compiled during a single sample. To view RMON history:
STEP 1 Click Status and Statistics > RMON > History. The History page opens. STEP 2 Click History Table. The History Table page opens. STEP 3 From the History Entry No. list, select the entry number to display the samples
associated with that history entry. The fields are displayed for the selected sample. OwnerHistory table entry owner. Sample No.Statistics were taken from this sample. Drop EventsDropped packets due to lack of network resources during the sampling interval. This may not represent the exact number of dropped packets, but rather the number of times dropped packets were detected. Bytes ReceivedOctets received that including bad packets and FCS octets, but excluding framing bits.
20
Viewing Statistics
Managing RMON
2
Packets ReceivedPackets received, including bad packets, Multicast, and Broadcast packets. Broadcast PacketsGood Broadcast packets received. This number does not include Multicast packets. Multicast PacketsGood Multicast packets received. CRC Align ErrorsCRC and Align errors that have occurred. Undersize PacketsUndersized packets (less than 64 octets) received. Oversize PacketsOversized packets (over 1518 octets) received. FragmentsFragments (packets with less than 64 octets) received, excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets). JabbersTotal number of received packets that were longer than 1632 octets. This number excludes frame bits, but includes FCS octets that had either a bad FCS (Frame Check Sequence) with an integral number of octets (FCS Error) or a bad FCS with a non-integral octet (Alignment Error) number. CollisionsCollisions received. UtilizationPercentage of current interface traffic compared to maximum traffic that the interface can handle.
Defining RMON Events Control

The Events page provides the ability to configure events that are actions performed when an alarm is generated (alarms are defined in the Alarms page). An event can be any combination of logs and traps. If the action includes logging of the events, they are displayed in the Event Log Table page. To view RMON events:
STEP 1 Click RMON > Events. The Events page opens.
This page displays previously-defined events.

STEP 2 Click Add. The Enter the parameters. opens.
21
Viewing Statistics
Managing RMON
2
Event EntryDisplays the event entry index number for the new entry. CommunityEnter the SNMP community string to be included when traps are sent (optional). DescriptionEnter a name for the event. This name is used in the Add RMON Alarm page to attach an alarm to an event. Notification TypeSelect the type of action that results from this event. Values are: NoneNo action occurs when the alarm goes off. Log (Event Log Table)Add a log entry to the Event Log table when the alarm goes off. Trap (SNMP Manager and SYSLOG Server)Send a trap to the remote log server when the alarm goes off. Log and TrapAdd a log entry to the Event Log table and send a trap to the remote log server when the alarm goes off.
TimeThe time of the event. OwnerEnter the device or user that defined the event.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The RMON event is added and the Running Configuration file is
updated.
Viewing the RMON Events Logs

The Event Log Table page displays the log of events (actions) that occurred. An event can be logged when the type of the event is Log or Log and Trap. The action in the event is performed when the event is bound to an alarm (see the Alarms page) and the conditions of the alarm have occurred.
STEP 1 Click RMON > Events. The Events page opens. STEP 2 Click Event Log Table. The Event Log Table page opens.
22
Viewing Statistics
Managing RMON
2
This page displays the following fields: EventEvents log entry number. Log No.Log number. Log TimeTime that the log entry was entered. DescriptionLog entry description.
Defining RMON Alarms

RMON alarms provide a mechanism for setting thresholds and sampling intervals to generate exception events on any counter or any other SNMP object counter maintained by the agent. Both the rising and falling thresholds must be configured in the alarm. After a rising threshold is crossed, another rising event is not generated until the companion falling threshold is crossed. After a falling alarm is issued, the next alarm is issued when a rising threshold is crossed. One or more alarms are bound to an event. The event indicates the action to be taken when the alarm occurs. The Alarms page provides the ability to configure alarms and to bind them with events. Alarm counters can be monitored by either absolute values or changes (delta) in the counter values. To enter RMON alarms:
STEP 1 Click RMON > Alarms. The Alarms page opens. STEP 2 Click Add. The Add RMON Alarm page opens. STEP 3 Enter the parameters.
Alarm EntryDisplays the alarm entry number. InterfaceSelect the type of interface for which RMON statistics are displayed. Counter NameSelect the MIB variable that indicates the type of occurrence measured. Counter ValueDisplays the value of the statistic during the last sampling period.
23
Viewing Statistics
Managing RMON
2
Sample TypeSelect the sampling method to generate an alarm. The options are: AbsoluteIf the threshold is passed, an alarm is generated. DeltaSubtracts the last sampled value from the current value. The difference in the values is compared to the threshold. If the threshold was passed, an alarm is generated.
Rising ThresholdEnter the rising counter value that triggers the rising threshold alarm. Rising EventSelect an event, from those that you defined in the Events table, to be performed when a rising event is triggered. Events are created in the Events page. Falling ThresholdEnter the falling counter value that triggers the falling threshold alarm. Falling EventSelects an event, from those defined in the Events table, to be performed when a falling event is triggered. Startup AlarmSelect the first event from which to start generation of alarms. Rising is defined by crossing the threshold from a low-value threshold to a higher-value threshold. Rising AlarmA rising counter value triggers the rising threshold alarm. Falling AlarmA falling counter value triggers the falling threshold alarm. Rising and FallingBoth a rising and falling counter values trigger the alarm.
IntervalEnter the alarm interval time in seconds. OwnerEnter the name of the user or network management system that receives the alarm.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The RMON alarm is added and the Running Configuration file is
updated
24
3
Managing System Logs
This section describes the System Log feature, which enables the switch to keep several independent logs. Each log is a set of messages recording system events. The switch generates the following local logs: Log sent to the console interface Log written into a cyclical list of logged events in RAM and is erased when the switch reboots. Log written to a cyclical log-file saved to Flash memory and persists across reboots.
In addition, you can send messages to remote SYSLOG servers in the form of SNMP traps and SYSLOG messages. This section contains the following sections: Setting System Log Settings Setting Remote Logging Settings Viewing Memory Logs
Setting System Log Settings

You can enable or disable logging on the Log Settings page, and select whether to aggregate log messages. You can select the events by severity level. Each log message has a severity level marked with the first letter of the severity level concatenated with a dash (-) on each side (except for Emergency that is indicated by the letter F). For example, the log message "%INIT-I-InitCompleted: " has a severity level of I, meaning Informational.
25

Setting System Log Settings
3
EmergencySystem is not usable. AlertAction is needed. CriticalSystem is in a critical condition. ErrorSystem is in error condition. WarningSystem warning has occurred. NoticeSystem is functioning properly, but a system notice has occurred. InformationalDevice information. DebugProvides detailed information about an event.
The event severity levels are listed from the highest severity to the lowest severity, as follows:
You can select different severity levels for RAM and Flash logs. These logs are displayed in the RAM Memory page and Flash Memory page, respectively. Selecting a severity level to be stored in a log causes all of the higher severity events to be automatically stored in the log. Lower severity events are not stored in the log. For example, if Warning is selected, all severity levels that are Warning and higher are stored in the log (Emergency, Alert, Critical, Error, and Warning). No events with severity level below Warning are stored (Notice, Informational, and Debug). To set global log parameters:
STEP 1 Click Administration > System Log > Logs Settings. The Log Settings page
opens.
LoggingSelect to enable message logging. Syslog AggregationSelect to enable the aggregation of SYSLOG messages and traps. If enabled, identical and contiguous SYSLOG messages and traps are aggregated over an interval of time and sent in a single message. The aggregated messages are sent in the order of their arrival. Each message states the number of times it has been aggregated. Max Aggregation TimeEnter the interval of time that SYSLOG messages are aggregated.
26

Setting Remote Logging Settings
3
RAM Memory LoggingSelect the severity levels of the messages to be logged to RAM. Flash Memory LoggingSelect the severity levels of the messages to be logged to Flash memory.
STEP 3 Click Apply. The Running Configuration file is updated.
Setting Remote Logging Settings

The Remote Log Servers page enables defining remote SYSLOG servers where log messages are sent (using the SYSLOG protocol). For each server, you can configure the severity of the messages that it receives. To define SYSLOG servers:
STEP 1 Click Administration > System Log > Remote Log Servers. The Remote Log
Servers page opens.

This page displays the list of remote log servers.
STEP 2 Click Add. The Add Remote Log Server page opens. STEP 3 Enter the parameters.
Server DefinitionSelect whether to specify the remote log server by IP address or name. IP VersionSelect the supported IP format. IPv6 Address TypeSelect the IPv6 address type (if IPv6 is used). The options are: Link LocalThe IPv6 address uniquely identifies hosts on a single network link. A link local address has a prefix of FE80, is not routable, and can be used for communication only on the local network. Only one link local address is supported. If a link local address exists on the interface, this entry replaces the address in the configuration. GlobalThe IPv6 address is a global Unicast IPV6 type that is visible and reachable from other networks.
Link Local InterfaceSelect the link local interface (if IPv6 Address Type Link Local is selected) from the list.
27

Viewing Memory Logs
3
Log Server IP Address/NameEnter the IP address or domain name of the log server. UDP PortEnter the UDP port to which the log messages are sent. FacilitySelect a facility value from which system logs are sent to the remote server. Only one facility value can be assigned to a server. If a second facility code is assigned, the first facility value is overridden. DescriptionEnter a server description. Minimum SeveritySelect the minimum level of system log messages to be sent to the server.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The Add Remote Log Server page closes, the SYSLOG server is
added, and the Running Configuration file is updated.
Viewing Memory Logs

The switch can write to the following logs: Log in RAM (cleared during reboot). Log in Flash memory (cleared only upon user command).
You can configure the messages that are written to each log by severity, and a message can go to more than one log, including logs that reside on external SYSLOG servers.
RAM Memory
The RAM Memory page displays all messages, in chronological order, that were saved in RAM (cache). Entries are stored in the RAM log according to the configuration in the Log Settings page.
28

Viewing Memory Logs
3
To view log entries, click Status and Statistics > View Log > RAM Memory. The RAM Memory page opens. The top of the page has a button that allows you to Disable Alert Icon Blinking. Click to toggle between disable and enable. This page displays the following fields: Log IndexLog entry number. Log TimeTime when message was generated. SeverityEvent severity. DescriptionMessage text describing the event.
To clear the log messages, click Clear Logs. The messages are cleared.
Flash Memory
The Flash Memory page displays the messages that were stored in Flash memory, in chronological order. The minimum severity for logging is configured in the Log Settings page. Flash logs remain when the switch is rebooted. You can clear the logs manually. To view the Flash logs click Status and Statistics > View Log > Flash Memory. The Flash Memory page opens. This page displays the following fields: Log IndexLog entry number. Log TimeTime when message was generated. SeverityEvent severity. DescriptionMessage text describing the event.
To clear the messages, click Clear Logs. The messages are cleared.
29
4
Managing System Files
You can choose the firmware file from which the switch boots. You can also copy file types internally on the switch, or to or from an external device, such as a PC. The methods of file transfer are: Internal copy. HTTP that uses the facilities that the browser provides. TFTP client, requiring a TFTP server.
Configuration files on the switch are defined by their type, and contain the settings and parameter values for the device. When a configuration is referenced on the switch, it is referenced by its configuration file type, as opposed to a file name that can be modified by the user. Content can be copied from one file type to another, but the names of the file types cannot be changed by the user. Other files on the device include firmware, boot code, and log files, and are referred to as operational files. The configuration files are text files and can be edited by a user in a text editor, such as Notepad after they are copied to an external device, such as a PC. Files and File Types The following types of configuration and operational files are found on the switch: Running ConfigurationParameters that are currently used by the switch to operate. It is the only file type that is modified by you when the parameter values are changed by using one of the configuration interfaces, and must be manually saved to be preserved. If the switch is rebooted, the Running Configuration is lost. When the switch is rebooted, this file type is copied from the Startup Configuration stored in Flash to the Running Configuration stored in RAM.
30
4
To preserve any changes made to the switch, you must save the Running Configuration to the Startup Configuration, or another file type if you do not want the switch to reboot with this configuration. If you have saved the Running Configuration to the Startup Configuration, when the switch is rebooted, it recreates a Running Configuration that includes the changes you have made since the last time the Running Configuration was saved to the Startup Configuration. Startup ConfigurationThe parameter values that were saved by you by copying another configuration (usually the Running Configuration) to the Startup Configuration. The Startup Configuration is retained in Flash and is preserved any time the switch is rebooted. When it is rebooted, the Startup Configuration is copied to RAM and identified as the Running Configuration. Backup ConfigurationA manual copy of the parameter definitions for protection against system shutdown or for the maintenance of a specific operating state. You can copy the Mirror Configuration, Startup Configuration, or Running Configuration to a Backup Configuration file. The Backup Configuration exists in Flash and is preserved if the device is rebooted. Mirror ConfigurationA copy of the Startup Configuration, created by the switch after: The switch has been operating continuously for 24 hours. No configuration changes have been made to the Running Configuration in the previous 24 hours. The Startup Configuration is identical to the Running configuration.
Only the system can copy the Startup Configuration to the Mirror Configuration. However, you can copy from the Mirror Configuration to other file types or to another device. If the switch is rebooted, the Mirror Configuration is reset to the factory default parameters. In all other aspects, the Mirror Configuration behaves the same as a Backup Configuration, providing a copy of the parameter values that is preserved if the switch is rebooted. FirmwareThe program that controls the operations and functionality of the switch. More commonly referred to as the image. Boot CodeControls the basic system startup and launches the firmware image.
31
4
Language FileThe dictionary that allows the windows to be displayed in the selected language. Flash LogSYSLOG messages stored in Flash memory.
File Actions The following actions can be performed to manage firmware and configuration files: Upgrade the firmware or boot code, or replace a language as described in Upgrade/Backup Firmware/Language section. View the firmware image currently in use or select the image to be used in the next reboot as described in the Selecting the Active Image section. Save configuration files on the switch to a location on another device as described in the Downloading or Backing-up a Configuration or Log section. Clear the Startup Configuration or Backup Configuration file types as described in the Displaying Configuration File Properties section. Copy one configuration file type onto another configuration file type as described in the Copying Configuration Files section. Automatically upload a configuration file from a TFTP server to the switch as described in the Setting DHCP Auto Configuration section.
!
CAUTION Unless the Running Configuration is manually copied to the Startup Configuration,
Backup Configuration, or an external file, all changes made since the last time the file was saved are lost when the switch is rebooted. We recommend that you save the Running Configuration to the Startup Configuration before logging off to preserve any changes you made during this session. A red X icon, displayed to the left of the Save application link at the top right of the screen, indicates that configuration changes have been made and have not yet been saved to the Startup Configuration file. When you click Save, the Copy/Save Configuration page is displayed. Save the Running Configuration file by copying it to the Startup Configuration file. After this save, the red X icon and the Save link is hidden. This section describes how configuration and log files are managed.
32

It includes the following topics: Upgrade/Backup Firmware/Language Selecting the Active Image Downloading or Backing-up a Configuration or Log Displaying Configuration File Properties Copying Configuration Files Setting DHCP Auto Configuration
The Upgrade/Backup Firmware/Language process can be used to: Upgrade or backup the firmware image Upgrade or backup the boot code Import a new language file, upgrade an existing language file, or remove a second language file
The following methods for transferring files are supported: HTTP that uses the facilities provided by the browser TFTP that requires a TFTP server
If a new language file was loaded onto the switch, the new language can be selected from the drop-down menu. (It is not necessary to reboot the switch.) The Upgrade/Backup Firmware/Language page can also be accessed by selecting Download New Language in the Language drop down menu on every page. There are two firmware images, Image1 and Image2, stored on the switch. One of the images is identified as the active image and other image is identified as the inactive image. When you upgrade the firmware, the new image always replaces the image identified as the inactive image.
33

After uploading new firmware on the switch, the switch continues to boot by using the active image (the old version) until you change the status of the new image to be the active image by using the procedure in the Selecting the Active Image section. Then boot the switch by using the process described in the Rebooting the Switch section.
Uploading a New Firmware or Language File

After uploading new firmware on the switch, the switch continues to boot by using the active image (the old version) until you change the status of the new image to be the active image by using the procedure in the Selecting the Active Image section. Then boot the switch by using the process described in the Rebooting the Switch section. To download or backup a system or language file:
STEP 1 Click Administration > File Management > Upgrade/Backup Firmware/
Language. The Upgrade/Backup Firmware/Language page opens.

STEP 2 Click the Transfer Method. If you selected TFTP, go to STEP 3. If you selected
HTTP, go to STEP 4.
STEP 3 If you selected TFTP, enter the parameters as described in this step. Otherwise,
skip to STEP 4. Select either the Upgrade or Backup Save Action. Upgrade Save ActionSpecifies that the file type on the switch is to be replaced with a new version of that file type located on a TFTP server. Enter the following fields. a. File TypeSelect the destination file type. Only valid file types are shown. (The file types are described in the Files and File Types section.) Note that the boot code can only be upgraded via TFTP. b. Server DefinitionSelect whether to specify the TFTP server by IP address or domain name. c. IP VersionSelect whether an IPv4 or an IPv6 address is used. d. IPv6 Address TypeSelect the IPv6 address type (if IPv6 is used). The options are:
34

Link LocalThe IPv6 address uniquely identifies hosts on a single network link. A link local address has a prefix of FE80, is not routable, and can be used for communication only on the local network. Only one link local address is supported. If a link local address exists on the interface, this entry replaces the address in the configuration. GlobalThe IPv6 address is a global Unicast IPV6 type that is visible and reachable from other networks. e. Link Local InterfaceSelect the link local interface (if IPv6 is used) from the list. f. TFTP Server IP Address/NameEnter the IP address or the domain name of the TFTP server.
g. Source File NameEnter the name of the source file. Backup Save ActionSpecifies that a copy of the file type is to be saved to a file on another device. Enter the following fields: a. File TypeSelect the source file type. Only valid file types can be selected. (The file types are described in the Files and File Types section.) b. Server DefinitionSelect either By IP Address or By name. c. IP VersionSelect whether an IPv4 or an IPv6 address is used. d. IPv6 Address TypeSelect the IPv6 address type (if used). The options are: Link LocalThe IPv6 address uniquely identifies hosts on a single network link. A link local address has a prefix of FE80, is not routable, and can be used for communication only on the local network. Only one link local address is supported. If a link local address exists on the interface, this entry replaces the address in the configuration. GlobalThe IPv6 address is a global Unicast IPV6 type that is visible and reachable from other networks. e. Link-Local InterfaceSelect the link local interface (if IPv6 is used) from the list. f. TFTP Server IP Address/NameEnter the IP address of the TFTP server.
g. Destination File NameEnter the destination file name. File names cannot contain slashes (\ or /), the leading letter of the file name should not be a period (.), and the file name should be between 1 and 160 characters. (Valid characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, ., -, _).
35

STEP 4 If you selected HTTP, you can only Upgrade. Enter the parameters as described in
this step. a. File TypeSelect the configuration file type. Only valid file types can be selected. (The file types are described in the Files and File Types section.) b. File NameClick Browse to select a file or enter the path and source file name to be used in the transfer.
STEP 5 Click Apply or Done. The file is upgraded or backed up.
Language Files
You can also remove a second language file from the switch if you have two different ones installed. When you open the Language menu, you will see the option Delete Language.
STEP 1 Click Delete Language. STEP 2 A confirmation window appears asking you to click OK to remove the file. STEP 3 Click OK to remove the file.
If you already have a second language file and want to load another, you will receive a confirmation window asking you to click OK if you want to replace the existing language file with a new one.
36

Selecting the Active Image
4
There are two firmware images, Image1 and Image2, stored on the switch. One of the images is identified as the active image and other image is identified as the inactive image. The switch boots from the image you set as the active image. You can change the image identified as the inactive image to the active image. (You can reboot the switch by using the process described in the Rebooting the Switch section.) To select the active image:
Selecting the Active Image
STEP 1 Click Administration > File Management > Active Image. The Active Image page
opens. The page displays the following: Active ImageDisplays the image file that is currently active on the switch. Active Image Version NumberDisplays the firmware version of the active image.
STEP 2 Select the image from the Active Image After Reboot menu to identify the
firmware image that is used as the active image after the switch is rebooted. The Active Image Version Number After Reboot displays the firmware version of the active image that is used after the switch is rebooted.
STEP 3 Click Apply. The active image selection is updated.
Downloading or Backing-up a Configuration or Log

The Download/Backup Configuration/Log page enables the backup from configuration file types or the flash log on the switch to a file on another device or the restoration of configuration file types from another device to the switch. When restoring a configuration file to the Running Configuration, the imported file adds any configuration commands that did not exist in the old file and overrides any parameter values in the existing configuration commands. When restoring a configuration file to the Startup Configuration or a backup configuration file, the new file replaces the previous file.
37

When restoring to Startup Configuration, the switch must be rebooted for the restored Startup Configuration to be used as the Running Configuration. You can reboot the switch by using the process described in the Rebooting the Switch section. To backup or restore the system configuration file:
STEP 1 Click Administration > File Management > Download/Backup Configuration/
Log. The Download/Backup Configuration/Log page opens.

STEP 2 Click the Transfer Method. STEP 3 If you selected TFTP, enter the parameters. Otherwise, skip to STEP 4.
Select either Download or Backup as the Save Action. Download Save ActionSpecifies that the file on another device will replace a file type on the switch. Enter the following fields: a. Server DefinitionSelect whether to specify the TFTP server by IP address or by domain name. b. IP VersionSelect whether an IPv4 or an IPv6 address is used.
NOTE If the server is selected by name in the Server Definition, there is no
need to select the IP Version related options. c. IPv6 Address TypeSelect the IPv6 address type (if used). The options are: Link LocalThe IPv6 address uniquely identifies hosts on a single network link. A link local address has a prefix of FE80, is not routable, and can be used for communication only on the local network. Only one link local address is supported. If a link local address exists on the interface, this entry replaces the address in the configuration. GlobalThe IPv6 address is a global Unicast IPV6 type that is visible and reachable from other networks.
d. Link-Local InterfaceSelect the link local interface from the list. e. TFTP ServerEnter the IP address of the TFTP server. f. Source File NameEnter the source file name. File names cannot contain slashes (\ or /), the leading letter of the file name should not be a period (.), and the file name should be between 1 and 160 characters. (Valid characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, ., -, _).
38

g. Destination File TypeEnter the destination configuration file type. Only valid file types are displayed. (The file types are described in the Files and File Types section.) Backup Save ActionSpecifies that a file type is to be copied to a file on another device. Enter the following fields: a. Server DefinitionSelect whether to specify the TFTP server by IP address or by domain name. a. IP VersionSelect whether an IPv4 or an IPv6 address is used. b. IPv6 Address TypeSelect the IPv6 address type (if used). The options are: Link LocalThe IPv6 address uniquely identifies hosts on a single network link. A link local address has a prefix of FE80, is not routable, and can be used for communication only on the local network. Only one link local address is supported. If a link local address exists on the interface, this entry replaces the address in the configuration. GlobalThe IPv6 address is a global Unicast IPV6 type that is visible and reachable from other networks.
c. Link-Local InterfaceSelect the link local interface from the list. d. TFTP Server IP Address/NameEnter the IP address or domain name of the TFTP server. e. Source File TypeEnter the source configuration file type. Only valid file types are displayed. (The file types are described in the Files and File Types section.) f. Destination File NameEnter the destination file name. File names cannot contain slashes (\ or /), the leading letter of the file name should not be a period (.), and the file name should be between 1 and 160 characters. (Valid characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, ., -, _).
STEP 4 If you selected HTTP, enter the parameters as described in this step.
39

Displaying Configuration File Properties
Select the Save Action. If for the Save Action you select Download to specify that the file type on the switch is to be replaced with a new version of that file type from a file on another device, do the following. Otherwise, go to the next procedure in this step. a. Source File NameClick Browse to select a file or enter the path and source file name to be used in the transfer. b. Destination File TypeSelect the configuration file type. Only valid file types are displayed. (The file types are described in the Files and File Types section.) c. Click Apply. The file is transferred from the other device to the switch. If for the Save Action you selected Backup to specify that a file type is to be copied to a file on another device, do the following: a. Source File TypeSelect the configuration file type. Only valid file types are displayed. (The file types are described in the Files and File Types section.) b. Click Apply. The Download/Backup Configuration/Log window displays.
STEP 5 Click Done. The file is upgraded or backed up on the switch (depending upon the
file type).
Displaying Configuration File Properties

This Configuration Files Properties page enables the viewing of system configuration file types and the date and time they were modified. It also enables deleting the Startup Configuration and/or the Backup Configuration. You cannot delete the other configuration file types. To view configuration file properties, click Administration > File Management > Configuration Files Properties. The Configuration Files Properties page opens. This page provides the following fields: Configuration File NameDisplays the type of file. Creation TimeDisplays the date and time that file was modified.
To clear a configuration file, select it and click Clear Files.
40

Copying Configuration Files
4
When you click Apply on any window, changes that you made to the switch configuration settings are stored only in the Running Configuration. To preserve the parameters in the Running Configuration, the Running Configuration must be copied to another configuration type or saved as a file on another device. The Copy/Save Configuration page enables copying or saving one configuration file to another for backup purposes. The bottom of the page has a button, Disable Save Icon Blinking. Click to toggle between disable and enable.
Copying Configuration Files
!
CAUTION Unless the Running Configuration is copied to the Startup Configuration or another
configuration file, all changes made since the last time the file was copied are lost when the switch is rebooted. The following combinations of copying internal file types are allowed: From the Running Configuration to the Startup Configuration or Backup Configuration. From the Startup Configuration to the Backup Configuration. From the Backup Configuration to the Startup Configuration. From the Mirror Configuration to the Startup Configuration or Backup Configuration.
To copy one configuration from one file type to another file type:
STEP 1 Click Administration > File Management > Copy/Save Configuration. The Copy/
Save Configuration page opens.

STEP 2 Select the Source File Name to be copied. Only valid file types are displayed.
(The file types are described in the Files and File Types section.)
STEP 3 Select the Destination File Name to be overwritten by the source file. STEP 4 Click Apply. The file is copied.
41

Setting DHCP Auto Configuration

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) provides a means of passing configuration information (including the IP address of a TFTP server and a configuration file name) to hosts on a TCP/IP network. By default, the switch is enabled as a DHCP client. When the IP address is allocated or renewed, such as during a reboot or upon an explicit DHCP renewal request and if the switch and the server are configured to do so, the switch transfers a configuration file from the TFTP server identified to the switch by DHCP. This process is known as auto configuration.
NOTE If you enable DHCP Auto Configuration on a switch with DHCP disabled, you must
enable the DHCP by using the procedure is described in the Management and IP Interfaces section. The DHCP Auto Configuration page configures the switch to receive DHCP information pointing to a TFTP server and file for auto configuration purposes or manual configuration of the TFTP server and configuration file in the event that the information is not provided in a DHCP message. Note the following limitations regarding the DHCP auto-update process: A configuration file that is placed on the TFTP server must match the form and format requirements of a supported configuration file. The form and format of the file are checked, but the validity of the configuration parameters is not checked prior to loading it to the Startup Configuration. To make sure the configuration of devices functions as intended and due to allocation of different IP addresses with each DHCP renew cycle, IP addresses must be bound to MAC addresses in the DHCP server table. This ensures that each device has its own reserved IP address and other relevant information.
42

To configure DHCP server auto configuration:

STEP 1 Click Administration > File Management > DHCP Auto Configuration. The DHCP
Auto Configuration page opens.

STEP 2 Enter the values.
Auto Configuration Via DHCPSelect this field to enable the automatic transfer of a configuration file from a TFTP server to the Startup Configuration on the switch. Server DefinitionSelect By IP Address or By name. Backup TFTP Server IP Address/NameEnter the IP address or the name of the TFTP server to be used if no TFTP server IP address was specified in the DHCP message. Backup Configuration FileEnter the path and file name of the file to be used when no configuration file name was specified in the DHCP message.
The window displays the following: Last Auto Configuration TFTP Server IP AddressDisplays the IP address of the TFTP server last used to perform auto configuration. Last Auto Configuration File NameDisplays the last file name used by the switch in auto configuration. The Last Auto Configuration TFTP Server IP Address and the Last Auto Configuration File Name are compared with the information received from a DHCP server in conjunction with receiving a configuration IP address for the switch. In the event that these values do not match, the switch transfers the configuration file from the TFTP server identified by the DHCP server into the Startup Configuration file, and initiates a reboot. If the values match, no action is taken.
STEP 3 Click Apply. The DHCP Auto Configuration feature is updated.
43
5
General Administrative Information and Operations
This section describes how to view system information and configure various options on the switch. It includes the following topics: System Information Switch Models Rebooting the Switch TCAM Allocation Monitoring the Fan Status and Temperature Defining Idle Session Timeout Pinging a Host Traceroute
System Information
The System Summary page provides a graphic view of the switch, and displays switch status, hardware information, firmware version information, general Powerover-Ethernet (PoE) status, and other items.
Displaying the System Summary

To view system information, click Status and Statistics > System Summary. The System Summary page opens. The System Summary page displays system and hardware information.
44

System Information
System information: System DescriptionA description of the system. System LocationPhysical location of the switch. Click Edit to go the System Settings page to enter this value. System ContactName of a contact person. Click Edit to go the System Settings page to enter this value. Host NameName of the switch. Click Edit to go the System Settings page to enter this value. By default, the switch hostname is composed of the word switch concatenated with the three least significant bytes of the switch MAC address (the six furthest right hexadecimal digits). System Object IDUnique vendor identification of the network management subsystem contained in the entity (used in SNMP). System UptimeTime that has elapsed since the last reboot. Current TimeCurrent system time. Base MAC AddressSwitch MAC address. Jumbo FramesJumbo frame support status. This support can be enabled or disabled by using the Port Setting page.
NOTE Jumbo frames support takes affect only after it is enabled, and after
the switch is rebooted. TCP/UDP Services Status: HTTP ServiceDisplays whether HTTP is enabled/disabled. HTTPS ServiceDisplays whether HTTPS is enabled/disabled. Telnet ServiceDisplays whether Telnet is enabled/disabled. SSH ServiceDisplays whether SSH is enabled/disabled. SNMP ServiceDisplays whether SNMP is enabled/disabled. EditClicking on this takes you to TCP/UDP Services page. See Configuring Security for details.
Hardware and firmware version information: Model DescriptionSwitch model description. Serial NumberSerial number.
45

System Information
PID VIDPart number and version ID. Firmware Version (Active Image)Firmware version number of the active image. Firmware MD5 Checksum (Active Image)MD5 checksum of the active image. Firmware Version (Non-active Image)Firmware version number of the non-active image. Firmware MD5 Checksum (Non-active Image)MD5 checksum of the non-active image. Boot VersionBoot version number. Boot MD5 ChecksumMD5 checksum of the boot version. LocaleLocale of the first language. (This is always English.) Language VersionLanguage package version of the first or English language. Language MD5 ChecksumMD5 checksum of the language file. LocaleLocale of the second language. Language VersionLanguage package version of the second language. Language MD5 ChecksumMD5 checksum of the secondary language file.
General PoE Status on models with PoE capability: Maximum Available PoEPower (W)Maximum available power that can be delivered by the PoE. Total PoE Power Consumption (W)Total PoE power delivered to connected PoE devices. PoE Power ModePort Limit or Class Limit.
46

Switch Models
Configuring the System Settings

To enter system settings:
STEP 1 Click Administration > System Settings. The System Settings page opens. STEP 2 Modify the system settings.
System DescriptionDisplays a description of the switch. System LocationEnter the location where the switch is physically located. System ContactEnter the name of a contact person. Host NameSelect the host name: Use DefaultThe default hostname (System Name) of these switches is: switch123456, where 123456 represents the last three bytes of the switch MAC address in hex format. User DefinedEnter the hostname. Use only letters, digits, and hyphens. Host names cannot begin or end with a hyphen. No other symbols, punctuation characters, or blank spaces are permitted (as specified in RFC1033, 1034, 1035).
Custom Login Screen SettingsIf you want text to be displayed on the
Login page, enter the text in the Login Banner text box. Click Preview to
view the results.
NOTE When the user defines a login banner from the web interface, it also
activates the banner for the CLI interfaces (Console, Telnet, and SSH).
STEP 3 Click Apply to set the values in the Running Configuration file.
Switch Models
All models can be fully managed through the web-based switch configuration utility. Layer 2 is the default mode of operation for all devices. In Layer 2 mode, the switch forwards packets as a VLAN aware bridge. In Layer 3 mode, the switch performs both IPv4 routing and VLAN aware bridging.
47

Switch Models
Each Sx300 model can be set to Layer 3 mode by using the console interface, described in the Console Menu Interface section of the administration guide. When the switch operates in Layer 3 mode, the VLAN Rate Limit, and QoS policers are not operational. Other QoS Advanced mode features are operational. Fast Ethernet (10/100) ports are designated as FE and Gigabit Ethernet ports (10/ 100/1000) are designated as GE in the table below.
NOTE Acronyms used for port descriptions have varied across software versions. In
release 1.0, 'e' was used for fast Ethernet, 'g' for 'gigabit Ethernet' in the GUI. In the CLI, fa is used for Fast Ethernet and gi for Gigabit Ethernet The following table describes the various models, the number and type of ports on them and the number of ports that support PoE.
Managed Switch Models Model Name Product ID (PID) Description of Ports on Device Power Dedicated to PoE No. of Ports that Support PoE
SG300-10 SG30010MP SG30010P SG300-20 SG300-28 SG30028P SG300-52 SF300-08 SF302-08
SRW2008-K9 SRW2008MP -K9 SRW2008PK9 SRW2016-K9 SRW2024-K9 SRW2024PK9 SRW2048-K9 SRW208-K9 SRW208GK9
8 GE ports, and 2 special-purpose combo ports (GE/SFP) 8 GE ports, and 2 special-purpose combo ports (GE/SFP) 8 GE ports, and 2 special-purpose combo ports (GE/SFP) 16 GE ports, and 4 special purpose ports - 2 uplinks and 2 combo ports 24 GE ports, and 4 special-purpose ports - 2 uplinks and 2 combo-ports 24 GE ports, and 4 special-purpose ports - 2 uplinks and 2 combo-ports. 48 GE ports, and 4 special-purpose ports - 2 uplinks and 2 combo-ports 8 FE ports. 8 FE ports plus 2 GE ports At most 180W 24 At most 124W At most 62W 8 8
48

Rebooting the Switch
5
Power Dedicated to PoE At most 124W At most 62W No. of Ports that Support PoE 8 8
Managed Switch Models (Continued) Model Name Product ID (PID) Description of Ports on Device
SF30208MP SF30208P SF300-24 SF30024P SF300-48 SF30048P
SRW208MPK9 SRW208P-K9 SRW224G4K9 SRW224G4P -K9 SRW248G4K9 SRW248G4P -K9
8 FE ports plus 2 GE ports 8 FE ports plus 2 GE ports 24 FE ports plus 4 GE special-purpose ports - 2 uplinks and 2 combo-ports. 24 FE ports plus 4 GE special-purpose ports - 2 uplinks and 2 combo-ports. 48 FE ports plus 4 GE special-purpose ports - 2 uplinks and 2 combo-ports 48 FE ports plus 4 GE special-purpose ports - 2 uplinks and 2 combo-ports
At most 180W
24
At most 375W
48
Rebooting the Switch

Some configuration changes, such as enabling jumbo frame support, require the system to be rebooted before they take effect. However, rebooting the switch deletes the Running Configuration, so it is critical that the Running Configuration is saved to the Startup Configuration before the switch is rebooted. Clicking Apply does not save the configuration to the Startup Configuration. For more information on files and file types, see the Files and File Types section in the Managing System Files section. You can backup the configuration by using Administration > Save/Copy Configuration or click Save at the top of the window. You can also upload the configuration from a remote device see the Downloading or Backing-up a Configuration or Log section in the Managing System Files section. To reboot the switch:
STEP 1 Click Administration > Reboot. The Reboot page opens. STEP 2 Click one of the Reboot buttons to reboot the switch.
49

TCAM Allocation
RebootReboots the switch. Since any unsaved information in the Running Configuration s is discarded when the switch is rebooted, you must click Save in the upper-right corner of any window to preserve current configuration across the boot process. (If the Save option is not displayed, the Running Configuration matches the Startup Configuration and no action is necessary.) Reboot to Factory DefaultsReboots the switch by using factory default configuration. This process erases the Startup Configuration file; any settings that are not saved to another file are cleared when this action is selected.
!
CAUTION DHCP Auto Configuration is enabled by default in the factory settings. In order to
properly reboot the switch to factory defaults, you need to disable the DHCP Auto Configuration (for example connect the switch by local terminal and run the appropriate CLI to disable the auto configuration feature) so the switch does not automatically download a configuration from a local server.
TCAM Allocation
Use the TCAM Allocation Settings page to customize TCAM allocation. TCAM entries are divided into the following groups: IP EntriesTCAM entries reserved for IPv4 static routes, IP interfaces, and IP hosts. Each type generates the following number of TCAM entries: IPv4 static routesOne entry per route IP interfaceTwo entries per interface IP HostsOne entry per host
Non-IP EntriesTCAM entries reserved for other applications, such as ACL rules, CoS policers, and VLAN rate limits.
TCAM allocation can be modified incorrectly, in one of the following ways: The number of TCAM entries you allocate is less than the number currently in use. The number of TCAM entries that you allocate is greater than the maximum available for that category. (maximum values are displayed on the page).
50

TCAM Allocation
If you change the TCAM allocation incorrectly, an error message is displayed. If your TCAM allocation is feasible, a message is displayed that an automatic reboot will be performed with the new settings.
STEP 1 Click Administration > TCAM Allocation Settings. The TCAM Allocation Settings
page opens. This page displays the following blocks: Reserved TCAM SizeDisplays the current number of available TCAM entries. Actual TCAM AllocationDisplays the current number of TCAM entries that have been used and the number still available.
STEP 2 To change the TCAM allocation for IP entries, enter the new value(s) in the New
Settings block. You must save your current configuration before changing the TCAM Allocation Settings. The new TCAM Allocation Settings must follow the rules below. For Max Number of IPv4 Static Routes: New value must be greater than or equal to the current used For Max Number of IP Interfaces: New value must be greater than or equal to the current used New Max Number of IPv4 Static Routes + 2*Max Number of IP Interfaces + Max Number of IP Host <= Total number of TCAM entries - Total number of non-IP entries used
The available number of non-IP entries after your change has been made is displayed.
STEP 3 Save the new settings by clicking on the Save link. This checks the feasibility of
the TCAM allocation. If it is incorrect, an error message is displayed. If it is correct, the allocation is copied to the Running Configuration file.
STEP 4 Click Apply and an automatic reboot is performed using the new settings.
51

Monitoring the Fan Status and Temperature
Monitoring the Fan Status and Temperature

The Health page displays the switch fan status and temperature on the following devices: SF300-48P. The page displays the fan status only on the rest of the devices. To view the switch health parameters, click Status and Statistics > Health. The Health page opens. The Health page displays the following fields: Fan StatusFan status. OK indicates that the fans are operating normally. TemperatureThe internal temperature of the switch.
Defining Idle Session Timeout

The Idle Session Timeout configures the time intervals that the management sessions can remain idle before they timeout and the user must login again to reestablish one of the following sessions: HTTP Session Timeout HTTPS Session Timeout Console Session Timeout Telnet Session Timeout SSH Session Timeout
52

Pinging a Host
To set the idle session timeout for various types of sessions:

STEP 1 Click Administration > Idle Session Timeout. The Idle Session Timeout page
opens.
STEP 2 Select the timeout for the session from the corresponding list. The default
timeouts are 10 minutes.

STEP 3 Click Apply to set the configuration settings on the switch.
Pinging a Host
Ping is a utility used to test if a remote host can be reached and to measure the round-trip time for packets sent from the switch to a destination device. Ping operates by sending Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request packets to the target host and waiting for an ICMP response, sometimes called a pong. It measures the round-trip time and records any packet loss. To ping a host:
STEP 1 Click Administration > Ping. The Ping page opens. STEP 2 Configure ping by entering the fields:
Host DefinitionSelect whether to specify hosts by their IP address or name. IP VersionIf the host is identified by its IP address, select either IPv4 or IPv6, to indicate that it will be entered in the selected format. IPv6 Address TypeSelect Link Local or Global as the type of IPv6 address to enter. Link LocalThe IPv6 address uniquely identifies hosts on a single network link. A link local address has a prefix of FE80, is not routable, and can be used for communication only on the local network. Only one link local address is supported. If a link local address exists on the interface, this entry replaces the address in the configuration. GlobalThe IPv6 address is a global Unicast IPV6 type that is visible and reachable from other networks.
53

Traceroute
Link Local InterfaceIf the IPv6 address type is Link Local, select from where it is received. Host IP Address/NameAddress or host name of the device to be pinged. Whether this is an IP address or host name depends on the Host Definition. Ping IntervalLength of time the system waits between ping packets. Ping is repeated a Number of Pings number of times, whether it succeeds or not. Choose to use the default or specify your own value. Number of PingsThe number of times the ping operation will be performed. Choose to use the default or specify your own value. StatusDisplays whether the ping succeeded or failed.
STEP 3 Click Activate Ping to ping the host. The ping status is displayed and another
message is added to the list of messages, indicating the result of the ping operation.
STEP 4 View the results of ping in the Ping Counters and Status section of the page.
Traceroute
Traceroute discovers the IP routes along which packets were forwarded by sending an IP packet to the target host and back to the switch. The Traceroute page shows each hop between the switch and a target host, and the round-trip time to each such stop.
STEP 1 Click Administration > Traceroute. The Traceroute page opens. STEP 2 Configure Traceroute by entering the fields:
Host DefinitionSelect whether hosts will be identified by their IP address or name. IP VersionIf the host will be identified by its IP address, select either IPv4 or IPv6 to indicate that it will be entered in the selected format. IPv6 Address TypeSelect Link Local or Global as the type of IPv6 address to enter.
54

Traceroute
Link LocalThe IPv6 address uniquely identifies hosts on a single network link. A link local address has a prefix of FE80, is not routable, and can be used for communication only on the local network. Only one link local address is supported. If a link local address exists on the interface, this entry replaces the address in the configuration. GlobalThe IPv6 address is a global Unicast IPV6 type that is visible and reachable from other networks.
Link Local InterfaceIf the IPv6 address type is Link Local, select from where it is received. Host IP Address/NameEnter the host address or name. TTLEnter the maximum number of stops that Traceroute permits. This is used to prevent a case where the sent frame gets into an endless loop. The Traceroute command terminates when the destination is reached or when this value is reached. To use the default value (30) select Use Default. TimeoutEnter the length of time that the system waits for a frame to return before declaring it lost or select Use Default.
STEP 3 Click Activate Traceroute. The operation is performed.
A page is displayed showing the Round Trip Time (RTT) and status for each trip in the fields: IndexDisplays the number of the hop. HostDisplays a stop along the route to the destination. Round Trip Time (1-3)Displays the round trip time in (ms) for the 1-3rd frame and the status of the 1-3rd operation.
55
6
System Time
Network time synchronization is critical because every aspect of managing, securing, planning, and debugging a network involves determining when events occur. Time provides a frame of reference between all devices on the network. Without synchronized time, accurately correlating log files between devices, for instance when tracking security breaches or network usage, is not possible. Problems affecting a large number of components can be nearly impossible to track if timestamps in logs are inaccurate. Time also reduces confusion in shared file systems, as it is important for the modification times to be consistent, regardless of the machine on which the files systems reside. For these reasons, it is important that the time configured on the all devices on the network be accurate.
NOTE The switch supports Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) and when enabled, the
switch dynamically synchronizes the switch time with the SNTP server time. The switch operates only as an SNTP client, and cannot provide time services to other devices. This section describes the options for configuring system time, time zone, and Daylight Savings Time (DST). It includes the following topics: System Time Options Configuring System Time Adding an SNTP Server Defining SNTP Authentication
56
System Time
System Time Options
6
System time can be set manually by the user, dynamically by using an SNTP server, or synchronized from the pc running the GUI. If an SNTP server is chosen, the manual time settings are overwritten when communications with the server are established. As part of the boot process, the switch always configures the time, time zone, and DST in some way. These parameters are obtained from DHCP, from the pc running the GUI, from SNTP, from values set manually, or if all else fails from the factory defaults.
System Time Options
Time
The following methods are available for obtaining or setting the time on the switch: SNTPTime can be received from time servers. SNTP that ensures accurate network time synchronization of the switch up to the millisecond by using an SNTP server for the clock source.
NOTE This method is recommended for the sake of accuracy.
ManualThe user can manually set the time. From BrowserTime can be received from the time of the PC using browser information. If this feature is enabled, the switch uses the system time from the configuring computer, unless the time has been configured on the switch manually by the user or SNTP server support is not available or enabled. After the time has been set by any of the three time sources, it is not set again by the browser. The configuration of time from browser is saved to the Running Configuration file. You must copy the Running Configuration to the Startup Configuration in order to enable the device to use the time from browser after reboot. The time after reboot is set during the first WEB login to the device. When the user applies this feature for the first time, if the time was not already set, the device sets the time from the browser. The time from browser works with both HTTP and HTTPS connections.
57
System Time
Configuring System Time
6
NOTE Receiving the time from the computer configuring the switch should
be the last resort, such as after a power outage when no other time source is available.
Time Zone and Daylight Savings Time (DST)

The Time Zone and DST can be set on the switch in the following ways: Dynamic configuration of the switch through a DHCP server, where: Dynamic DST, when enabled and available, always takes precedence over the manual configuration of DST. If the server supplying the source parameters fails, or dynamic configuration is disabled by the user, the manual settings are used. Dynamic configuration of the time zone and DST continues after the IP address lease time has expired.
Manual configuration of the time zone and DST by the user becomes the Operational time zone and DST, only if the dynamic configuration is disabled or fails.

Use the System Time page to configure the current time, time zone, DST, and the time source.
!
CAUTION The switch does not have an internal clock that updates this value. If the system
time is set manually and the switch is rebooted, the manual time settings must be reentered. To define system time:
STEP 1 Click Administration> Time Settings > System Time. The System Time page
opens.
58
System Time
6
Clock Source SettingsSelect the source used to set the system clock. Main Clock Source (SNTP Servers)The system time is obtained from an SNTP server. To use this feature, you must also add an SNTP server or enable SNTP Broadcast mode by using the SNTP Settings page. Optionally, enforce authentication of the SNTP sessions by using the SNTP Authentication page. This feature does not function when the switch is in layer 3 mode. Alternate Clock Source (PC via active HTTP/HTTPS sessions)Select to set the date and time from the configuring computer using the HTTP protocol.
NOTE If Alternate Clock Source is selected, the time will be taken from the
PC running the GUI. Each time you log into the GUI, the time is taken from your PC. Manual SettingsSet the date and time manually. The local time is used when there is no alternate source of time, such as an SNTP server:. DateEnter the system date. Local TimeEnter the system time.
Time Zone SettingsThe local time is used via DHCP or Time Zone offset. Get time zone from DHCPSelect to enable dynamic configuration of the time zone and the DST from the DHCP server. Whether one or both of these parameters can be configured depends on the information found in the DHCP packet. If this option is enabled, you must also enable DHCP client on the switch. To do this, set the IP Address Type to Dynamic in the IPv4 Interface page. Time Zone OffsetSelect the difference in hours between Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) and the local time. For example, the Time Zone Offset for Paris is GMT +1, while the Time Zone Offset for New York is GMT 5.
Daylight Savings SettingsSelect how DST is defined: Daylight SavingsCheck to enable daylight Savings Time. Time Zone OffsetEnter the number of minutes offset from GMT ranging from 11440. The default is 60. Daylight Savings TypeClick one of the following: -
USADST will be set according to the dates used in the USA
59
System Time
6
-
EuropeanDST will be set according to the dates used by the European

Union and other countries that use this standard.
By DatesDST will be set manually, typically for a country other than the
USA or a European country. Enter the following parameters:
RecurringDST occurs on the same date every year. Enter the following
parameters:
Selecting By Dates allows customization of the start and stop of DST: FromDay and time that DST starts. ToDay and time that DST ends. Selecting Recurring allows further customization of the start and stop of DST: FromDate when DST begins each year.
DayDay of the week on which DST begins every year. WeekWeek within the month from which DST begins every year. MonthMonth of the year in which DST begins every year. TimeThe time at which DST begins every year.
ToDate when DST ends each year. For example, DST ends locally every fourth Friday in October at 5:00 am. The parameters are: -
DayDay of the week on which DST ends every year. WeekWeek within the month from which DST ends every year. MonthMonth of the year in which DST ends every year. TimeThe time at which DST ends every year.
STEP 3 Click Apply. The system time values are defined, and the Running Configuration
file is updated. The time settings are displayed in the Actual Time Details block.
60
System Time
Adding an SNTP Server
6
Up to eight SNTP servers can be configured. In addition to configuring SNTP server(s), enable this feature by using the SNTP Settings page.
NOTE To specify an SNTP server by name, you must first configure DNS server(s) on the
switch (see the Defining DNS Servers section). The switch supports the following modes: BroadcastThe SNTP server broadcasts the time, and the switch listens to these broadcasts. When the switch is in this mode, there is no need to define a Unicast SNTP server. Unicast SNTP Server ModeThe switch sends Unicast queries to the list of manually-configured SNTP servers, and waits for a response.
The switch supports having both modes active at the same time and selects the best source of the parameters according to the closest stratum (distance from the reference clock.). To add an SNTP server:
STEP 1 Click Administration > Time Settings > SNTP Settings. The SNTP Settings page
opens. This page displays the following information for each Unicast SNTP server: SNTP ServerSNTP server IP address. Up to eight SNTP servers can be defined. The preferred server, or hostname, is chosen according to its stratum level. Poll IntervalDisplays whether polling is enabled or disabled. Authentication Key IDKey Identification used to communicate between the SNTP server and switch. Stratum LevelDistance from the reference clock expressed as a numerical value. An SNTP server cannot be the primary server (stratum level 1) unless polling interval is enabled. StatusSNTP server status. The possible options are: UpSNTP server is currently operating normally. DownSNTP server is currently not available. UnknownSNTP server is currently being searched for by the switch.
61
System Time
In ProcessOccurs when the SNTP server has not fully trusted it's own
time server (i.e. when first booting up the NTP server).
Last ResponseDate and time of the last time a response was received from this SNTP server. OffsetThe estimated offset of the server's clock relative to the local clock, in milliseconds. The host determines the value of this offset using the algorithm described in RFC 2030. DelayThe estimated round-trip delay of the server's clock relative to the local clock over the network path between them, in milliseconds. The host determines the value of this delay using the algorithm described in RFC 2030. Last Synchronized ServerAppears at the bottom of the other selections, and displays the address of the SNTP server from which time was last taken.
STEP 2 (Optional) Select SNTP Broadcast Reception > Enable to listen to SNTP
Broadcast synchronization packets for system time information. The system will only display an SNTP server once a successful broadcast has been received. This feature is not functional when the switch is in layer 3 mode.
STEP 3 Click Add to display the Add SNTP Server page. STEP 4 Enter the following parameters:
Server DefinitionSelect if the SNTP server is going to be identified by its IP address or if you are going to chose a well-known SNTP server by name from the list.
NOTE To specify a well-known SNTP server, the switch must be connected
to the Internet and configured with a DNS server or configured so that a DNS server is identified by using DHCP. (See the Defining DNS Servers section.) IP VersionSelect the version of the IP address: Version 6 or Version 4. IPv6 Address TypeSelect the IPv6 address type (if IPv6 is used). The options are Link LocalThe IPv6 address uniquely identifies hosts on a single network link. A link local address has a prefix of FE80, is not routable, and can be used for communication only on the local network. Only one link local address is supported. If a link local address exists on the interface, this entry replaces the address in the configuration. GlobalThe IPv6 address is a global Unicast IPV6 type that is visible and reachable from other networks.
62
System Time
Defining SNTP Authentication
6
Link Local InterfaceSelect the link local interface (if IPv6 Address Type Link Local is selected) from the list. SNTP Server IP AddressEnter the SNTP server IP address. The format depends on which address type was selected. SNTP ServerSelect the name of the SNTP server from a list of well-known SNTP servers. If other is chosen, enter name of SNTP server in the adjacent field. Poll IntervalSelect to enable polling of the SNTP server for system time information. All SNTP servers that are registered for polling are polled, and the clock is selected from the server with the lowest stratum level (distance from the reference clock.) that is reachable. The server with the lowest stratum is considered to be the primary server. The server with the next lowest stratum is a secondary server, and so forth. If the primary server is down, the switch polls all servers with the polling setting enabled, and selects a new primary server with the lowest stratum. AuthenticationSelect the check box to enable authentication. Authentication Key IDIf authentication is enabled, select the value of the key ID. (Create the authentication keys using the SNTP Authentication page.)
STEP 5 Click Apply. The STNP server is added, and you are returned to the main page.

The SNTP Authentication page enables configuration of the authentication keys that are used when communicating with an SNTP server that requires authentication. The authentication key is created on the SNTP server in a separate process that depends on the type of SNTP server you are using. Consult with the SNTP server system administrator for more detail on this. After a key has been created, it must be bound to one or more relevant SNTP servers to be authenticated. This authentication key can also be used for authentication when receiving Broadcast synchronization. SNTP sessions might require authentication. A Unicast SNTP server that requires authentication must be bounded with an authentication key when it is added by using the Add SNTP Server page.
63
System Time
To define SNTP authentication:

STEP 1 Click Administration > Time Settings > SNTP Authentication. The SNTP
Authentication page opens.

STEP 2 Select SNTP Authentication to require authentication of an SNTP session
between the switch and an SNTP server.

STEP 3 Click Apply to update the switch. STEP 4 Click Add. The Add SNTP Authentication page opens. STEP 5 Enter the following parameters:
Authentication Key IDEnter the number used to identify this SNTP authentication key internally. Authentication KeyEnter the key used for authentication (up to eight characters). The SNTP server must send this key for the switch to synchronize to it. Trusted KeySelect the check box to allow the switch to receive broadcast synchronization information only from a SNTP server by using this authentication key.
STEP 6 Click Apply. The SNTP Authentication is defined, and the Running Configuration
file is updated.
64
7
Managing Device Diagnostics
This section contains information for configuring port mirroring, running cable tests, and viewing device operational information. It includes the following topics: Testing Copper Ports Displaying Optical Module Status Configuring Port and VLAN Mirroring Viewing CPU Utilization and Secure Core Technology
Testing Copper Ports

The Copper Ports page displays the results of integrated cable tests performed on copper cables by the Virtual Cable Tester (VCT). VCT performs two types of tests: Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) technology tests the quality and characteristics of a copper cable attached to a port. Cables of up to 140 meters long can be tested. These results are displayed in the Test Results block of the Copper Test page. DSP-based tests are performed on active GE links to measure cable length. These results are displayed in the Advanced Information block of the Copper Test page.
Preconditions to Running the Copper Port Test

Before running the test, do the following: (Mandatory) Disable Short Reach mode (see the Port Management > Green Ethernet > Properties page)
65

Testing Copper Ports
7
(Optional) Disable EEE (see the Port Management > Green Ethernet > Properties page)
Use a CAT5 data cable to run all cable testing (VCT). Accuracy of the test results can have an error range of +/- 10 for Advanced Testing and +/- 2 for Basic Testing.
!
CAUTION When a port is tested, it is set to the Down state and communications are
interrupted. After the test, the port returns to the Up state. It is not recommended that you run the copper port test on a port you are using to run the web-based switch configuration utility, because communications with that device are disrupted. To test copper cables attached to ports:
STEP 1 Click Administration > Diagnostics > Copper Test. The Copper Test page opens. STEP 2 Select the port on which to run the test. STEP 3 Click Copper Test. STEP 4 When the message is displayed, click OK to confirm that the link can go down or
Cancel to abort the test. The following fields are displayed in the Test Results block: Last UpdateTime of the last test conducted on the port. Test ResultsCable test results. Possible values are: OKCable passed the test. No CableCable is not connected to the port. Open CableCable is connected on only one side. Short CableShort circuit has occurred in the cable. Unknown Test ResultError has occurred.
Distance to FaultDistance from the port to the location on the cable where the fault was discovered. Operational Port StatusDisplays whether port is up or down.
66

Displaying Optical Module Status
7
PairCable wire pair being tested. StatusWire pair status. Red indicates fault and Green indicates status OK. ChannelCable channel indicating whether the wires are straight or crossover. PolarityIndicates if automatic polarity detection and correction has been activated for the wire pair. Pair SkewDifference in delay between wire pairs.
If the port being tested is a Giga port, the Advanced Information block displays the following information (it is refreshed each time you enter the page):
NOTE TDR tests cannot be performed when the port speed is 10Mbit/Sec.
Displaying Optical Module Status

The Optical Module Status page displays the operating conditions reported by the SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) transceiver. Some information might not be available for SFPs that do not support the digital diagnostic monitoring standard SFF-8472.
MSA-compatible SFPs
The following FE SFP (100Mbps) transceivers are supported: MFEBX1: 100BASE-BX-20U SFP transceiver for single-mode fiber, 1310 nm wavelength, supports up to 20 km. MFEFX1: 100BASE-FX SFP transceiver, for multimode fiber, 1310 nm wavelength, supports up to 2 km. MFELX1: 100BASE-LX SFP transceiver, for single-mode fiber, 1310 nm wavelength, supports up to 10 km.
The following GE SFP (1000Mbps) transceivers are supported: MGBBX1: 1000BASE-BX-20U SFP transceiver, for single-mode fiber, 1310 nm wavelength, supports up to 40 km. MGBLH1: 1000BASE-LH SFP transceiver, for single-mode fiber, 1310 nm wavelength, supports up to 40 km.
67

Configuring Port and VLAN Mirroring
MGBLX1: 1000BASE-LX SFP transceiver, for single-mode fiber, 1310 nm wavelength, supports up to 10 km. MGBSX1:1000BASE-SX SFP transceiver, for multimode fiber, 850 nm wavelength, supports up to 550 m. MGBT1: 1000BASE-T SFP transceiver for category 5 copper wire, supports up to 100 m.
To view the results of optical tests. click Administration > Diagnostics > Optical Module Status. The Optical Module Status page opens. This page displays the following fields: PortPort number on which the SFP is connected. TemperatureTemperature (Celsius) at which the SFP is operating. VoltageSFPs operating voltage. CurrentSFPs current consumption. Output PowerTransmitted optical power. Input PowerReceived optical power. Transmitter FaultRemote SFP reports signal loss. Values are True, False, and No Signal (N/S). Loss of SignalLocal SFP reports signal loss. Values are True and False. Data ReadySFP is operational. Values are True and False

Port mirroring is used on a network switch to send a copy of network packets seen on one switch port, multiple switch ports, or an entire VLAN to a network monitoring connection on another port on the switch. This is commonly used for network appliances that require monitoring of network traffic, such as an intrusiondetection system. A network analyzer connected to the monitoring port processes the data packets for diagnosing, debugging, and performance monitoring. Up to eight sources can be mirrored. This can be any combination of eight individual ports and/or VLANs.
68

A packet that is received on a network port assigned to a VLAN that is subject to mirroring, is mirrored to the analyzer port even if the packet was eventually trapped or discarded. Packets sent by the switch are mirrored when Transmit (Tx) mirroring is activated. Mirroring does not guarantee that all traffic from the source port(s) is received on the analyzer (destination) port. If more data is sent to the analyzer port than it can support, some data might be lost. VLAN mirroring is not active on a VLAN that was not manually created. For example, if VLAN 23 was created by GVRP, and you manually created VLAN 34, and you create port mirroring that includes VLAN 23, VLAN 34, or both, and later on delete VLAN 34, the status in port mirroring is set to Not Ready, because the VLAN34 is no longer in the database and VLAN23 was not created manually. Only one instance of mirroring is supported system-wide. The analyzer port (or target port for VLAN mirroring or port mirroring) is the same for all the mirrored VLANs or ports. To enable mirroring:
STEP 1 Click Administration > Diagnostics > Port and VLAN Mirroring. The Port and
VLAN Mirroring page opens.

This page displays the following fields: Destination PortPort to which traffic is to be copied; the analyzer port. Source InterfaceInterface, port, or VLAN, from which traffic is sent to the analyzer port. TypeType of monitoring: incoming to the port, outgoing from the port, or both. Status Displays one of the following values: ActiveBoth source and destination interfaces are up and forwarding traffic. Not ReadyEither source or destination (or both) are down or not forwarding traffic for some reason.
STEP 2 Click Add to add a port or VLAN to be mirrored. The Add Port/VLAN Mirroring
page opens.
69

Viewing CPU Utilization and Secure Core Technology
STEP 3 Enter the parameters:
Destination PortSelect the analyzer port to where packets are copied. A network analyzer, such as a PC running Wireshark, is connected to this port. If a port is identified as an analyzer destination port, it remains the analyzer destination port until all entries are removed. Source InterfaceSelect Port or VLAN as the source port or source VLAN from where traffic is to be mirrored. TypeSelect whether incoming, outgoing, or both types of traffic are mirrored to the analyzer port. If Port is selected, the options are: Rx OnlyPort mirroring on incoming packets. Tx OnlyPort mirroring on outgoing packets. Tx and RxPort mirroring on both incoming and outgoing packets.
STEP 4 Click Apply. Port mirroring is added, and the Running Configuration file is updated.

This section describes the Secure Core Technology (SCT) and how to view CPU usage. The switch handles the following types of traffic, in addition to end-user traffic: Management traffic Protocol traffic Snooping traffic
Excessive traffic burdens the CPU, and might prevent normal switch operation. The switch uses the Secure Core Technology (SCT) feature to ensure that the switch will receive and process management and protocol traffic, no matter how much total traffic is received. SCT is enabled by default on the device and cannot be disabled. There are no interactions with other features.
70

To display CPU utilization:

STEP 1 Click Administration > Diagnostics > CPU Utilization.
or
STEP 2 Click Security > Denial of Service Prevention > Security Suite Settings and click
Details. The CPU Utilization page opens. The CPU Input Rate field displays the rate of input frames to the CPU per second.
STEP 3 Select CPU Utilization to enable viewing CPU resource utilization information.
The window displays a graph of the CPU utilization. The Y axis is percentage of usage, and the X axis is the sample number.
STEP 4 Select the Refresh Rate (time period in seconds) that passes before the statistics
are refreshed. A new sample is created for each time period.
71
8
Configuring Discovery
This section provides information for configuring Discovery. It includes the following topics: Configuring Bonjour Discovery LLDP and CDP Configuring LLDP Configuring CDP

As a Bonjour client, the switch periodically broadcasts Bonjour Discovery protocol packets to directly-connected IP subnet(s), advertising its existence and the services that it provides, for example, HTTP, HTTPs, and Telnet. (Use the Security > TCP/UDP Services page to enable or disable the switch services.) The switch can be discovered by a network management system or other third-party applications. By default, Bonjour is enabled on the Management VLAN. The Bonjour console automatically detects the device and displays it.
Bonjour for a System in Layer 2 Mode

When the switch is in Layer 2 mode Bonjour Discovery is enabled globally; it cannot be enabled on a per-port or per-VLAN basis. The switch advertises all of the services that have been turned on by the administrator based on the configuration on the TCP/UDP page. When Bonjour Discovery and IGMP are both enabled, the IP Multicast address of Bonjour is displayed on the Adding IP Multicast Group Addresses.
72
When Bonjour Discovery is disabled, the switch stops any service type advertisements and does not respond to requests for service from network management applications. To globally enable Bonjour when the system is in Layer 2:
STEP 1 Click Administration > Discovery - Bonjour. The Discovery - Bonjour page
opens.
STEP 2 Select Enable to enable Bonjour Discovery globally on the switch. STEP 3 Click Apply. Bonjour is enabled or disabled on the switch according to the
selection.
Bonjour for a System in Layer 3 Mode

In Layer 3 mode, each interface (VLAN, port, or LAG) can be assigned an IP address. When Bonjour is enabled, the switch can send Bonjour Discovery packets on all interfaces that have IP addresses. (When the switch is operating in Layer 3 mode, go to IP Configuration > Management and IP Interface > IPv4 Interface to configure an IP address to an interface.) If a interface, such as a VLAN, is deleted, Goodbye packets are sent to deregister services the switch is advertising from the neighboring cache table within the local network. (See the Bonjour Discovery Interface Control Table on Administration > Discovery - Bonjour page. If the available services are changed, those changes are advertised, deregistering services that are turned off and registering services that are turned on. If an IP address is changed, that change is advertised. If Bonjour is disabled, the switch does not send Bonjour Discovery advertisements and it does not listen for Bonjour Discovery advertisements sent by other devices. To configure Bonjour when the switch is in Layer 3 mode:
STEP 1 Click Administration > Discovery - Bonjour. The Discovery-Bonjour page opens. STEP 2 Select Enable to enable Bonjour discovery globally. STEP 3 Click Apply to update the Running Configuration file. STEP 4 To enable Bonjour on an interface, click Add. STEP 5 Select the interface, and click Apply.
73
LLDP and CDP
8
without any additional operation, such as Apply).
NOTE Click Delete to disable Bonjour on an interface (this performs the delete operation
LLDP and CDP

LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol) and CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol) are link layer protocols for directly connected LLDP and CDP capable neighbors to advertise themselves and their capabilities to each other. By default, the switch sends an LLDP/CDP advertisement periodically to all its interfaces and terminates and processes incoming LLDP and CDP packets as required by the protocols. In LLDP and CDP, advertisements are encoded as TLV (Type, Length, Value) in the packet. The following are additional points about CDP/LLDP configuration: CDP/LLDP can be globally enabled or disabled and enabled/disabled per port. The CDP/LLDP capability of a port is relevant only if CDP/LLDP is globally enabled. If CDP/LLDP is globally enabled, the switch filters out incoming CDP/LLDP packets from ports that are CDP/LLDP-disabled. If CDP/LLDP is globally disabled, the switch can be configured to discard, VLAN-aware flooding, or VLAN-unaware flooding of all incoming CDP/LLDP packets. VLAN-aware flooding floods an incoming CDP/LLDP packet to the VLAN where the packet is received excluding the ingress port. VLANunaware flooding floods an incoming CDP/LLDP packet to all the ports excluding the ingress port. The default is to discard CDP/LLDP packets when CDP/LLDP is globally disabled. You can configure the discard/ flooding of incoming CDP and LLDP packets from the CDP Properties page and the LLDP Properties page respectively. Auto Smartport requires CDP and/or LLDP to be enabled. Auto Smartport automatically configures an interface based on the CDP/LLDP advertisement received from the interface. CDP and LLDP end devices, such as IP phones, learn the voice VLAN configuration from CDP and LLDP advertisements. By default, the switch is enabled to send out CDP and LLDP advertisement based on the voice VLAN configured at the switch. Refer to the Voice VLAN and Auto Voice VLAN sections for details.
74
Configuring LLDP
8
LAG, CDP/LLDP transmit packets on each port without taking into account the fact that the ports are in a LAG. The operation of CDP/LLDP is independent of the STP status of an interface. If 802.1x port access control is enabled at an interface, the switch will transmit and receive CDP/LLDP packets to and from the interface only if the interface is authenticated and authorized. If a port is the target of mirroring, then for CDP/LLDP it is considered down.
NOTE CDP/LLDP does not distinguish if a port is in a LAG. If there are multiple ports in a
NOTE CDP and LLDP are link layer protocols for directly connected CDP/LLDP capable
devices to advertise themselves and their capabilities. In deployments where the CDP/LLDP capable devices are not directly connected and are separated with CDP/LLDP incapable devices, the CDP/LLDP capable devices may be able to receive the advertisement from other device(s) only if the CDP/LLDP incapable devices flood the CDP/LLDP packets they receives. If the CDP/LLDP incapable devices perform VLAN-aware flooding, then CDP/LLDP capable devices can hear each other only if they are in the same VLAN. It should be noted that a CDP/LLDP capable device may receive advertisement from more than one device if the CDP/ LLDP incapable devices flood the CDP/LLDP packets.
Configuring LLDP
This section describes how to configure LLDP. It contains the following topics: LLDP Overview Setting LLDP Properties Editing LLDP Port Settings LLDP MED Configuring LLDP MED Port Settings Displaying LLDP Port Status Displaying LLDP Local Information Displaying LLDP Neighbors Information Accessing LLDP Statistics LLDP Overloading
75
Configuring LLDP
8
LLDP Overview
The Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is a protocol that enables network managers to troubleshoot and enhance network management in multi-vendor environments. LLDP standardizes methods for network devices to advertise themselves to other systems, and to store discovered information. LLDP enables a device to advertise its identification, configuration, and capabilities to neighboring devices that then store the data in a Management Information Base (MIB). The network management system models the topology of the network by querying these MIB databases. LLDP is a link layer protocol. By default, the switch terminates and processes all incoming LLDP packets as required by the protocol. The LLDP protocol has an extension called LLDP Media Endpoint Discovery (LLDP-MED), which provides and accepts information from media endpoint devices such as VoIP phones and video phones. For further information about LLDP-MED, see LLDP MED. LLDP Configuration Workflow Following are examples of actions that can be performed with the LLDP feature and in a suggested order. You can refer to the LLDP/CDP section for additional guidelines on LLDP configuration. LLDP configuration pages are accessible under the Administration > Discovery LLDP menu. 1. Enter LLDP global parameters, such as the time interval for sending LLDP updates using the LLDP Properties page. 2. Configure LLDP per port by using the Port Settings page On this page, interfaces can be configured to receive/transmit LLDP PDUs, send SNMP notifications, specify which TLVs to advertise, and advertise the switch's management address. 3. Create LLDP MED network policies by using the LLDP MED Network Policy page. 4. Associate LLDP MED network policies and the optional LLDP-MED TLVs to the desired interfaces by using the LLDP MED Port Settings page. 5. If Auto Smartport is to detect the capabilities of LLDP devices, enable LLDP in the Smartport Properties page. 6. Display overloading information by using the LLDP Overloading page.
76
Configuring LLDP
8
Setting LLDP Properties
The LLDP Properties page enables entering LLDP general parameters. These include enabling/disabling the feature globally and setting timers. To enter LLDP properties:
STEP 1 Click Administration > Discovery - LLDP > Properties. The LLDP Properties
page opens.
LLDP StatusSelect to enable LLDP on the switch (selected by default). LLDP PDU ActionIf LLDP is not enabled, select the action to be taken if a packet that matches the selected criteria is received: -
FilteringDelete the packet. FloodingForward the packet to all VLAN members.
TLV Advertise IntervalEnter the rate in seconds at which LLDP advertisement updates are sent or use the default. Topology Change SNMP Notification IntervalEnter the minimum time interval between SNMP notifications. Hold MultiplierEnter the amount of time that LLDP packets are held before the packets are discarded, measured in multiples of the TLV Advertise Interval. For example, if the TLV Advertise Interval is 30 seconds, and the Hold Multiplier is 4, then the LLDP packets are discarded after 120 seconds. Reinitializing DelayEnter the time interval in seconds that passes between disabling and reinitializing LLDP, following an LLDP enable/disable cycle. Transmit DelayEnter the amount of time in seconds that passes between successive LLDP frame transmissions due to changes in the LLDP local systems MIB.
For a description of LLDP MED, refer to the LLDP MED Network Policy section.
STEP 3 In the Fast Start Repeat Count field, enter the number of times LLDP packets are
sent when the LLDP-MED Fast Start mechanism is initialized. This occurs when a new endpoint device links to the switch.
77
Configuring LLDP
STEP 4 Click Apply. The LLDP properties are added to the Running Configuration file.
Editing LLDP Port Settings

The Port Settings page enables activating LLDP and SNMP notification per port, and entering the TLVs that are sent in the LLDP PDU. The LLDP-MED TLVs to be advertised can be selected in the LLDP MED Port Settings page, and the management address TLV of the switch may be configured. To define the LLDP port settings:
STEP 1 Click Administration > Discovery - LLDP > Port Settings. The Port Settings page
opens. This page displays the port LLDP information.

STEP 2 Select a port and click Edit. The Edit LLDP Port Settings page opens.
This page provides the following fields: InterfaceSelect the port to be defined. Administrative StatusSelect the LLDP publishing option for the port. The values are: Tx OnlyPublishes but does not discover. Rx OnlyDiscovers but does not publish. Tx & RxPublishes and discovers. DisableIndicates that LLDP is disabled on the port.
SNMP NotificationSelect Enable to send notifications to SNMP notification recipients, for example, an SNMP managing system, when there is a topology change. The time interval between notifications is entered in the Topology Change SNMP Notification Interval field in the LLDP Properties page. Define SNMP Notification Recipients by using the SNMP > Notification Recipient v1,2 and/or SNMP > Notification Recipient v3 page.
78
Configuring LLDP
8
Available Optional TLVsSelect the information to be published by the switch by moving the TLV to the Selected Optional TLVs list. The available TLVs contain the following information: Port DescriptionInformation about the port, including manufacturer, product name and hardware/software version. System NameSystem's assigned name (in alpha-numeric format). The value equals the sysName object. System DescriptionDescription of the network entity (in alphanumeric format). This includes the system's name and versions of the hardware, operating system, and networking software supported by the switch. The value equals the sysDescr object. System CapabilitiesPrimary functions of the switch, and whether or not these functions are enabled in the switch. The capabilities are indicated by two octets. Bits 0 through 7 indicate Other, Repeater, Bridge, WLAN AP, Router, Telephone, DOCSIS cable device, and station respectively. Bits 8 through 15 are reserved. 802.3 MAC-PHYDuplex and bit rate capability and the current duplex and bit rate settings of the sending device. It also indicates whether the current settings are due to auto-negotiation or manual configuration. 802.3 Link AggregationWhether the link (associated with the port on which the LLDP PDU is transmitted) can be aggregated. It also indicates whether the link is currently aggregated, and if so, provides the aggregated port identifier. 802.3 Maximum FrameMaximum frame size capability of the MAC/ PHY implementation.
The following fields relate to the Management Address: Advertisement ModeSelect one of the following ways to advertise the IP management address of the switch: Auto AdvertiseSpecifies that the software would automatically choose a management address to advertise from all the IP addresses of the product. In case of multiple IP addresses the software chooses the lowest IP address among the dynamic IP addresses. If there are no dynamic addresses, the software chooses the lowest IP address among the static IP addresses. NoneDo not advertise the management IP address.
79
Configuring LLDP
8
Manual AdvertiseSelect this option and the management IP address to be advertised. We recommended that this option be selected when the switch is in Layer 3 mode and the switch is configured with multiple IP addresses.
IP AddressIf Manual Advertise was selected, select the Management IP address from the addresses provided.
STEP 3 Enter the relevant information, and click Apply. The port settings are modified, and
the Running Configuration file is updated.
LLDP MED
LLDP Media Endpoint Discovery (LLDP-MED) is an extension of LLDP that provides
the following additional capabilities to support media endpoint devices. Some of the features of the LLDP Med Network Policy are: Enables the advertisement and discovery of network polices for real-time applications such as voice and/or video. Device location discovery to allow creation of location databases and, in the case of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Emergency Call Service (E-911) by using IP Phone location information. Troubleshooting information. LLDP MED sends alerts to network managers upon: Port speed and duplex mode conflicts QoS policy misconfigurations
80
Configuring LLDP
8
Setting LLDP MED Network Policy
An LLDP-MED network policy is a related set of configuration settings for a specific real-time application such as voice, or video. A network policy, if configured, will be included into the outgoing LLDP packets to the attached LLDP media endpoint device. The media endpoint device should send its traffic as specified in the network policy it receives. For example, a policy can be created for VoIP traffic that instructs VoIP phone to: Send voice traffic on VLAN 10 as tagged packet and with 802.1p priority 5. Send voice traffic with DSCP 46
Network policies are associated with ports by using the LLDP MED Port Settings page. An administrator can manually configure one or more network policies and the interfaces where the policies are to be sent. It is the administrator's responsibility to manually create the VLANs and their port memberships according to the network policies and their associated interfaces. In addition, an administrator can instruct the switch to automatically generate and advertise a network policy for voice application based on the voice VLAN maintained by the switch. Refer the Auto Voice VLAN section for details on how the switch maintains its voice VLAN. To define an LLDP MED network policy:
STEP 1 Click Administration > Discovery - LLDP > LLDP MED Network Policy. The
LLDP MED Network Policy page opens.

This page displays previously-created network policies.
STEP 2 Select Auto for LLDP-MED Network Policy for Voice Application if the switch is to
automatically generate and advertise a network policy for voice application based on the voice VLAN maintained by the switch.
NOTE When this box is checked, the user may not manually configure a
voice network policy.

STEP 3 Click Apply to add this to the Running Configuration file. STEP 4 To define a new policy, click Add and the Add LLDP MED Network Policy page
opens.
STEP 5 Enter the values.
Network Policy NumberSelect the number of the policy to be created.
81
Configuring LLDP
8
ApplicationSelect the type of application (type of traffic) for which the network policy is being defined: VLAN IDEnter the VLAN ID to which the traffic should be sent. VLAN TagSelect whether the traffic is Tagged or Untagged. User PrioritySelect the traffic priority applied to traffic defined by this network policy. This is the CoS value. DSCP ValueSelect the DSCP value to associate with application data sent by neighbors. This informs them how they should mark the application traffic they send to the switch.
STEP 6 Click Apply. The network policy is defined. NOTE You must manually configure the interfaces to include the desired manually defined network policies for the outgoing LLDP packets using the LLDP MED Port Settings.
Configuring LLDP MED Port Settings

The LLDP MED Port Settings page enables the selection of the LLDP-MED TLVs and/or the network policies to be included in the outgoing LLDP advertisement for the desired interfaces. Network Policies are configured using the LLDP MED Network Policy page.
NOTE If LLDP-MED Network Policy for Voice Application (LLDP-MED Network Policy
Page) is Auto and Auto Voice VLAN is in operation, then the switch will automatically generate an LLDP-MED Network Policy for Voice Application for all the ports that are LLDP-MED enabled and are members of the voice VLAN. To configure LLDP MED on each port:
STEP 1 Click Administration > Discovery - LLDP > LLDP MED Port Settings. The LLDP
MED Port Settings page opens. This page displays LLDP MED settings, including enabled TLVs, for all ports.
STEP 2 The message at the top of the page indicates whether the generation of the LLDP
MED Network Policy for the voice application is automatic or not (see LLDP Overview). Click on the link to change the mode.
82
Configuring LLDP
8
MED Network Policies to a port, select it, and click Edit. The Edit LLDP MED Port Settings page opens.
STEP 3 To associate additional LLDP MED TLV and/or one or more user-defined LLDP
InterfaceSelect the interface to configure. LLDP MED StatusEnable/disable LLDP MED on this port. SNMP NotificationSelect whether SNMP notification is sent on a per-port basis when an end station that supports MED is discovered, for example a SNMP managing system, when there is a topology change. Available Optional TLVsSelect the TLVs that can be published by the switch by moving them to the Selected Optional TLVs list. Available Network PoliciesSelect the LLDP MED policies that will be published by LLDP by moving them to the Selected Network Policies list. These were created in the LLDP MED Network Policy page. To include one or more user defined network polices in the advertisement, you must also select Network Policy from the Available Optional TLVs.
NOTE The following fields must be entered in hexadecimal characters in the
exact data format that is defined in the LLDP-MED standard (ANSI-TIA1057_final_for_publication.pdf). Location CoordinateEnter the coordinate location to be published by LLDP. Location Civic AddressEnter the civic address to be published by LLDP. Location (ECS) ELINEnter the Emergency Call Service (ECS) ELIN location to be published by LLDP.
STEP 5 Click Apply. The LLDP MED port settings are modified, and the Running
Displaying LLDP Port Status

The LLDP Port Status Table page displays the LLDP global information for every port. To view the LLDP port status, click Administration > Discovery - LLDP > LLDP Port Status. The LLDP Port Status page opens.
83
Configuring LLDP
8
Click LLDP Local Information Details to see the details of the LLDP and LLDP-MED TLVs sent to the neighbor. Click LLDP Neighbor Information Details to see the details of the LLDP and LLDP-MED TLVs received from the neighbor.
LLDP Port Status Global Information

Chassis ID SubtypeType of chassis ID (for example, MAC address). Chassis IDIdentifier of chassis. Where the chassis ID subtype is a MAC address, the MAC address of the switch is displayed. System NameName of switch. System DescriptionDescription of the switch (in alpha-numeric format). Supported System CapabilitiesPrimary functions of the device, such as Bridge, WLAN AP, or Router. Enabled System CapabilitiesPrimary enabled function(s) of the device. Port ID SubtypeType of the port identifier that is shown.
LLDP Port Status Table

InterfacePort identifier. LLDP StatusLLDP publishing option. LLDP MED StatusEnabled or disabled. Local PoELocal PoE information advertised. Remote PoEPoE information advertised by the neighbor. # of neighborsNumber of neighbors discovered. Neighbor Capability of 1st DeviceDisplays the primary functions of the neighbor, for example: Bridge or Router.
84
Configuring LLDP
8
Displaying LLDP Local Information
To view the LLDP local port status advertised on a port:
STEP 1 Click Administration > Discovery - LLDP > LLDP Local Information. The LLDP
Local Information page opens.

STEP 2 On the bottom of the page, click LLDP Port Status Table.
Click LLDP Local Information Details to see the details of the LLDP and LLDPMED TLVs sent to the neighbor. Click LLDP Neighbor Information Details to see the details of the LLDP and LLDPMED TLVs received from the neighbor.
STEP 3 Select the desired port from the Port list.
This page provides the following fields: Global Chassis ID SubtypeType of chassis ID. (For example the MAC address.) Chassis IDIdentifier of chassis. Where the chassis ID subtype is a MAC address, the MAC address of the switch is displayed. System NameName of switch. System DescriptionDescription of the switch (in alpha-numeric format). Supported System CapabilitiesPrimary functions of the device, such as Bridge, WLAN AP, or Router. Enabled System CapabilitiesPrimary enabled function(s) of the device. Port ID SubtypeType of the port identifier that is shown. Port IDIdentifier of port. Port DescriptionInformation about the port, including manufacturer, product name and hardware/software version.
Management Address Displays the table of addresses of the local LLDP agent. Other remote managers can use this address to obtain information related to the local device. The address consists of the following elements: Address SubtypeType of management IP address that is listed in the Management Address field, for example, IPv4.
85
Configuring LLDP
8
AddressReturned address most appropriate for management use, typically a Layer 3 address. Interface SubtypeNumbering method used for defining the interface number. Interface NumberSpecific interface associated with this management address.
MAC/PHY Details Auto-Negotiation SupportedPort speed auto-negotiation support status. Auto-Negotiation EnabledPort speed auto-negotiation active status. Auto-Negotiation Advertised CapabilitiesPort speed auto-negotiation capabilities, for example, 1000BASE-T half duplex mode, 100BASE-TX full duplex mode. Operational MAU TypeMedium Attachment Unit (MAU) type. The MAU performs physical layer functions, including digital data conversion from the Ethernet interfaces collision detection and bit injection into the network, for example, 100BASE-TX full duplex mode.
802.3 Details 802.3 Maximum Frame SizeThe maximum supported IEEE 802.3 frame size.
802.3 Link Aggregation Aggregation CapabilityIndicates whether the interface can be aggregated. Aggregation StatusIndicates whether the interface is aggregated. Aggregation Port IDAdvertised aggregated interface ID.
802.3 Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) (If device supports EEE) Local TxIndicates the time (in micro seconds) that the transmitting link partner waits before it starts transmitting data after leaving Low Power Idle (LPI mode). Local RxIndicates the time (in micro seconds) that the receiving link partner requests that the transmitting link partner waits before transmission of data following Low Power Idle (LPI mode). Remote Tx EchoIndicates the local link partners reflection of the remote link partners Tx value.
86
Configuring LLDP
8
Remote Rx EchoIndicates the local link partners reflection of the remote link partners Rx value. MED Details Capabilities SupportedMED capabilities supported on the port. Current CapabilitiesMED capabilities enabled on the port. Device ClassLLDP-MED endpoint device class. The possible device classes are: -
Endpoint Class 1Indicates a generic endpoint class, offering basic

LLDP services.
Endpoint Class 2Indicates a media endpoint class, offering media

streaming capabilities, as well as all Class 1 features.
Endpoint Class 3Indicates a communications device class, offering all Class 1 and Class 2 features plus location, 911, Layer 2 switch support, and device information management capabilities.
PoE Device TypePort PoE type, for example, powered. PoE Power SourcePort power source. PoE Power PriorityPort power priority. PoE Power ValuePort power value. Hardware RevisionHardware version. Firmware RevisionFirmware version. Software RevisionSoftware version. Serial NumberDevice serial number. Manufacturer NameDevice manufacturer name. Model NameDevice model name. Asset IDAsset ID.
Location Information CivicStreet address. CoordinatesMap coordinates: latitude, longitude, and altitude.
87
Configuring LLDP
8
ECS ELINEmergency Call Service (ECS) Emergency Location Identification Number (ELIN). Network Policy Table Application TypeNetwork policy application type, for example, Voice. VLAN IDVLAN ID for which the network policy is defined. VLAN TypeVLAN type for which the network policy is defined. The possible field values are:
TaggedIndicates the network policy is defined for tagged VLANs. UntaggedIndicates the network policy is defined for untagged VLANs.
User PriorityNetwork policy user priority. DSCPNetwork policy DSCP.
Displaying LLDP Neighbors Information

The LLDP Neighbors Information page displays information that was received from neighboring devices. After timeout (based on the value received from the neighbor Time To Live TLV during which no LLDP PDU was received from a neighbor), the information is deleted. To view the LLDP neighbors information:
STEP 1 Click Administration > Discovery - LLDP > Neighbors Information. The LLDP
Neighbors Information page opens.

This page displays the following fields: Local PortNumber of the local port to which the neighbor is connected. Chassis ID SubtypeType of chassis ID (for example, MAC address). Chassis IDIdentifier of the 802 LAN neighboring device's chassis. Port ID SubtypeType of the port identifier that is shown. Port IDIdentifier of port. System NamePublished name of the switch.
88
Configuring LLDP
8
Time to LiveTime interval (in seconds) after which the information for this neighbor is deleted.
STEP 2 Select a local port, and click Details. The Neighbors Information page opens.
This page displays the following fields: Port Details Local PortPort number. MSAP EntryDevice Media Service Access Point (MSAP) entry number.
Basic Details Chassis ID SubtypeType of chassis ID (for example, MAC address). Chassis IDIdentifier of the 802 LAN neighboring device chassis. Port ID SubtypeType of the port identifier that is shown. Port IDIdentifier of port. Port DescriptionInformation about the port, including manufacturer, product name and hardware/software version. System NameName of system that is published. System DescriptionDescription of the network entity (in alpha-numeric format). This includes the system name and versions of the hardware, operating system, and networking software supported by the device. The value equals the sysDescr object. Supported System CapabilitiesPrimary functions of the device. The capabilities are indicated by two octets. Bits 0 through 7 indicate Other, Repeater, Bridge, WLAN AP, Router, Telephone, DOCSIS cable device, and station respectively. Bits 8 through 15 are reserved. Enabled System CapabilitiesPrimary enabled function(s) of the device.
Management Address Table Address SubtypeManaged address subtype, for example, MAC or IPv4. AddressManaged address. Interface SubtypePort subtype. Interface NumberPort number.
89
Configuring LLDP
8
MAC/PHY Details Auto-Negotiation SupportedPort speed auto-negotiation support status. The possible values are True and False. Auto-Negotiation EnabledPort speed auto-negotiation active status. The possible values are True and False. Auto-Negotiation Advertised CapabilitiesPort speed auto-negotiation capabilities, for example, 1000BASE-T half duplex mode, 100BASE-TX full duplex mode. Operational MAU TypeMedium Attachment Unit (MAU) type. The MAU performs physical layer functions, including digital data conversion from the Ethernet interfaces collision detection and bit injection into the network, for example, 100BASE-TX full duplex mode.
802.3 Power via MDI MDI Power Support Port ClassAdvertised power support port class. PSE MDI Power SupportIndicates if MDI power is supported on the port. PSE MDI Power StateIndicates if MDI power is enabled on the port. PSE Power Pair Control AbilityIndicates if power pair control is supported on the port. PSE Power PairPower pair control type supported on the port. PSE Power ClassAdvertised power class of the port.
802.3 Details 802.3 Maximum Frame SizeAdvertised maximum frame size that is supported on the port.
802.3 Link Aggregation Aggregation CapabilityIndicates if the port can be aggregated. Aggregation StatusIndicates if the port is currently aggregated. Aggregation Port IDAdvertised aggregated port ID.
802.3 Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) Local TxIndicates the time (in micro seconds) that the transmitting link partner waits before it starts transmitting data after leaving Low Power Idle (LPI mode).
90
Configuring LLDP
8
Local RxIndicates the time (in micro seconds) that the receiving link partner requests that the transmitting link partner waits before transmission of data following Low Power Idle (LPI mode). Remote Tx EchoIndicates the local link partners reflection of the remote link partners Tx value. Remote Rx EchoIndicates the local link partners reflection of the remote link partners Rx value.
MED Details Capabilities SupportedMED capabilities enabled on the port. Current CapabilitiesMED TLVs advertised by the port. Device ClassLLDP-MED endpoint device class. The possible device classes are: Endpoint Class 1Indicates a generic endpoint class, offering basic LLDP services. Endpoint Class 2Indicates a media endpoint class, offering media streaming capabilities as well as all Class 1 features. Endpoint Class 3Indicates a communications device class, offering all Class 1 and Class 2 features plus location, 911, Layer 2 switch support and device information management capabilities.
PoE Device TypePort PoE type, for example, powered. PoE Power SourcePorts power source. PoE Power PriorityPorts power priority. PoE Power ValuePorts power value. Hardware Revision Hardware version. Firmware RevisionFirmware version. Software RevisionSoftware version. Serial NumberDevice serial number. Manufacturer NameDevice manufacturer name. Model NameDevice model name. Asset IDAsset ID.
91
Configuring LLDP
8
802.1 VLAN and Protocol PVIDAdvertised port VLAN ID. PPVID VIDProtocol VLAN ID. SupportedSupported Port and Protocol VLAN IDs. EnabledEnabled Port and Protocol VLAN IDs.
VLAN IDs VIDPort and Protocol VLAN ID. VLAN NamesAdvertised VLAN names.
Protocol IDs Protocol ID TableAdvertised protocol IDs.
Location Information Enter the following data structures in hexadecimal as described in section 10.2.4 of the ANSI-TIA-1057 standard: CivicCivic or street address. CoordinatesLocation map coordinateslatitude, longitude, and altitude. ECS ELINDevices Emergency Call Service (ECS) Emergency Location Identification Number (ELIN). UnknownUnknown location information.
Network Policies Application TypeNetwork policy application type, for example, Voice. VLAN IDVLAN ID for which the network policy is defined. VLAN TypeVLAN type, Tagged or Untagged, for which the network policy is defined. User PriorityNetwork policy user priority. DSCPNetwork policy DSCP.
92
Configuring LLDP
8
Accessing LLDP Statistics
The LLDP Statistics page displays LLDP statistical information per port. To view the LLDP statistics:
STEP 1 Click Administration > Discovery - LLDP > LLDP Statistics. The LLDP Statistics
page opens. For each port, the fields are displayed: InterfaceIdentifier of interface. Tx Frames TotalNumber of transmitted frames. Rx Frames
TotalNumber of received frames. DiscardedTotal number of received frames that were discarded. ErrorsTotal number of received frames with errors.
Rx TLVs -
DiscardedTotal number of received TLVs that were discarded. UnrecognizedTotal number of received TLVs that were unrecognized.
Neighbors Information Deletion CountNumber of neighbor ageouts on the interface.
STEP 2 Click Refresh to view the latest statistics.
LLDP Overloading
LLDP adds information as LLDP and LLDP-MED TLVs into the LLDP packets. LLDP overload occurs when the total amount of information to be included in a LLDP packet exceed the maximum PDU size supported by an interface. The LLDP Overloading page displays the number of bytes of LLDP/LLDP-MED information, the number of available bytes for additional LLDP information, and the overloading status of every interface.
93
Configuring LLDP
8
To view LLDP overloading information:
STEP 1 Click Administration > Discovery - LLDP > LLDP Overloading. The LLDP
Overloading page opens.

This page displays the following fields for each port: InterfacePort identifier. Total (Bytes)Total number of bytes of LLDP information in each packet Left to Send (Bytes)Total number of available bytes left for additional LLDP information in each packet. StatusWhether TLVs are being transmitted or if they are overloaded.
STEP 2 To view the overloading details for a port, select it and click Details. The LLDP
Overloading Details opens. This page displays the following information for each TLV sent on the port: LLDP Mandatory TLVs Size (Bytes)Total mandatory TLV byte size. StatusIf the mandatory TLV group is being transmitted, or if the TLV group was overloaded.
LLDP MED Capabilities Size (Bytes)Total LLDP MED capabilities packets byte size. StatusIf the LLDP MED capabilities packets were sent, or if they were overloaded.
LLDP MED Location -
Size (Bytes)Total LLDP MED location packets byte size. StatusIf the LLDP MED locations packets were sent, or if they were overloaded.
LLDP MED Network Policy -
Size (Bytes)Total LLDP MED network policies packets byte size. StatusIf the LLDP MED network policies packets were sent, or if they
were overloaded.
LLDP MED Extended Power via MDI
94
Configuring LLDP
Size (Bytes)Total LLDP MED extended power via MDI packets byte
size.
StatusIf the LLDP MED extended power via MDI packets were sent, or if they were overloaded.
802.3 TLVs -
Size (Bytes)Total LLDP MED 802.3 TLVs packets byte size. StatusIf the LLDP MED 802.3 TLVs packets were sent, or if they were
overloaded.
LLDP Optional TLVs -
Size (Bytes)Total LLDP MED optional TLVs packets byte size. StatusIf the LLDP MED optional TLVs packets were sent, or if they were
overloaded.
LLDP MED Inventory -
Size (Bytes)Total LLDP MED inventory TLVs packets byte size. StatusIf the LLDP MED inventory packets were sent, or if they were overloaded.
Total (Bytes)Total number of bytes of LLDP information in each packet Left to Send (Bytes)Total number of available bytes left for additional LLDP information in each packet.
95
Configuring CDP
8
This section describes how to configure CDP. It contains the following topics: Setting CDP Properties Editing CDP Interface Settings Displaying CDP Local Information Displaying CDP Neighbors Information Viewing CDP Statistics
Configuring CDP
Setting CDP Properties

CDP Overview Similar to LLDP, CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol) is a link layer protocol for directly connected neighbors to advertise themselves and their capabilities to each other. Unlike LLDP, CDP is a Cisco proprietary protocol. CDP Configuration Workflow The followings is sample workflow in configuring CDP on the switch. You can also find additional CDP configuration guidelines in the LLDP/CDP section. Enter the CDP global parameters using the CDP Properties page Configure CDP per interface using the Interface Setting page If Auto Smartport is to detect the capabilities of CDP devices, enable CDP in the Smartport Properties page.
See the Identifying Smartport Type section for a description of how CDP is used to identify devices for the Smartport feature. The CDP Properties page enables entering CDP general parameters. To enter CDP properties:
STEP 1 Click Administration > Discovery - CDP > Properties. The CDP Properties page
opens.
96
Configuring CDP
8
CDP StatusSelect to enable CDP on the switch. CDP Frames HandlingIf CDP is not enabled, select the action to be taken if a packet that matches the selected criteria is received:
BridgingForward the packet based on the VLAN. FilteringDelete the packet. FloodingVLAN unaware flooding that forwards incoming CDP packets to all the ports excluding the ingress ports.
CDP Voice VLAN AdvertisementSelect to enable the switch to advertise the voice VLAN in CDP on all of the ports that are CDP enabled, and are member of the voice VLAN. The voice VLAN is configured in the Voice VLAN Properties page. CDP Mandatory TLVs ValidationIf selected, incoming CDP packets not containing the mandatory TLVs are discarded and the invalid error counter is incremented. CDP VersionSelect the version of CDP to use. CDP Hold TimeAmount of time that CDP packets are held before the packets are discarded, measured in multiples of the TLV Advertise Interval. For example, if the TLV Advertise Interval is 30 seconds, and the Hold Multiplier is 4, then the LLDP packets are discarded after 120 seconds. The following options are possible: Use DefaultUse the default time (180 seconds) User DefinedEnter the time in seconds.
CDP Transmission RateThe rate in seconds at which CDP advertisement updates are sent. The following options are possible: Use DefaultUse the default rate (60 seconds) User DefinedEnter the rate in seconds.
Device ID FormatSelect the format of the device ID (MAC address or serial number). Source InterfaceIP address to be used in the TLV of the frames. The following options are possible: Use DefaultUse the IP address of the outgoing interface. User DefinedUse the IP address of the interface (in the Interface field) in the address TLV.
97
Configuring CDP
8
InterfaceIF User Defined was selected for Source Interface, select the interface. Syslog Voice VLAN MismatchCheck to send a SYSLOG message when a voice VLAN mismatch is detected. This means that the voice VLAN information in the incoming frame does not match what the local device is advertising. Syslog Native VLAN MismatchCheck to send a SYSLOG message when a native VLAN mismatch is detected. This means that the native VLAN information in the incoming frame does not match what the local device is advertising. Syslog Duplex MismatchCheck to send a SYSLOG message when duplex information is mismatched. This means that the duplex information in the incoming frame does not match what the local device is advertising.
STEP 3 Click Apply. The LLDP properties are defined.
Editing CDP Interface Settings

The Interface Settings page allows administrators to enable/disable CDP per port. Notifications can also be triggered when there are conflicts with CDP neighbors. The conflict can be Voice VLAN data, Native VLAN, or Duplex. By setting these properties it is possible to select the types of information to be provided to devices that support the LLDP protocol. The LLDP-MED TLVs to be advertised can be selected in the LLDP MED Interface Settings page. To define the LLDP interface settings:
STEP 1 Click Administration > Discovery - CDP > Interface Settings. The Interface
Settings page opens.

This page displays the following CDP information for each interface. CDP StatusCDP publishing option for the port. Reporting Conflicts with CDP NeighborsDisplays the status of the reporting options that are enabled/disabled in the Edit page. No. of NeighborsNumber of neighbors detected.
98
Configuring CDP
8
The bottom of the page has four buttons: Copy SettingsSelect to copy a configuration from one port to another. EditFields explained in Step 2 below. CDP Local Information DetailsTakes you to the Administration > Discovery
- CDP > CDP Local Information page.

CDP Neighbor Information DetailsTakes you to the Administration > Discovery - CDP > CDP Neighbor Information page.
STEP 2 Select a port and click Edit. The Edit CDP Interface Settings page opens.
This page provides the following fields: InterfaceSelect the interface to be defined. CDP StatusSelect to enable/disable the CDP publishing option for the port.
NOTE The next three fields are operational when the switch has been set up
to send traps to the management station. Syslog Voice VLAN MismatchSelect to enable the option of sending a SYSLOG message when a voice VLAN mismatch is detected This means that the voice VLAN information in the incoming frame does not match what the local device is advertising. Syslog Native VLAN MismatchSelect to enable the option of sending a SYSLOG message when a native VLAN mismatch is detected. This means that the native VLAN information in the incoming frame does not match what the local device is advertising. Syslog Duplex MismatchSelect to enable the option of sending a SYSLOG message when duplex information mismatch is detected. This means that the duplex information in the incoming frame does not match what the local device is advertising.
STEP 3 Enter the relevant information, and click Apply. The port settings are modified, and
the Running Configuration file is updated.
99
Configuring CDP
8
Displaying CDP Local Information
The CDP Local Information page displays information that is advertised by the CDP protocol about the local device. To view the CDP local information:
STEP 1 Click Administration > Discovery - CDP > CDP Local Information. The CDP
Local Information page opens.

STEP 2 Select a local port, and the following fields are displayed:
InterfaceNumber of the local port. CDP StateDisplays whether CDP is enabled or not. Device ID TypeType of the device ID advertised in the device ID TLV. Device IDDevice ID advertised in the device ID TLV. Address(s)IP addresses (advertised in the device address TLV). Port IDIdentifier of port advertised in the port TLV. CapabilitiesCapabilities advertised in the port TLV) VersionInformation about the software release on which the device is running. PlatformIdentifier of platform advertised in the platform TLV. Native VLANThe native VLAN identifier advertised in the native VLAN TLV. DuplexWhether port is half or full duplex advertised in the full/half duplex TLV. Appliance IDType of device attached to port advertised in the appliance TLV. Appliance VLAN IDVLAN on the device used by the appliance, for instance if the appliance is an IP phone, this is the voice VLAN. Extended TrustEnabled indicates that the port is trusted, meaning that the host/server from which the packet is received is trusted to mark the packets itself. In this case, packets received on such a port are not re-marked. Disabled indicates that the port is not trusted in which case, the following field is relevant.
100
Configuring CDP
8
CoS for Untrusted PortsIf Extended Trust is disabled on the port, this fields displays the Layer 2 CoS value, meaning, an 802.1D/802.1p priority value. This is the COS value with which all packets received on an untrusted port are remarked by the device. Request IDLast power request ID received echoes the Request-ID field last received in a Power Requested TLV. It is 0 if no Power Requested TLV was received since the interface last transitioned to Up. Power Management IDValue incremented by 1 (or 2, to avoid 0) each time any one of the following events occur: Available-Power or Management Power Level fields change value A Power Requested TLV is received with a Request-ID field which is different from the last-received set (or when the first value is received) The interface transitions to Down
Available PowerAmount of power consumed by port. Management Power LevelDisplays the supplier's request to the powered device for its Power Consumption TLV. The device always displays No Preference in this field.
Displaying CDP Neighbors Information

The CDP Neighbors Information page displays CDP information received from neighboring devices. After timeout (based on the value received from the neighbor Time To Live TLV during which no CDP PDU was received from a neighbor), the information is deleted. To view the CDP neighbors information:
STEP 1 Click Administration > Discovery - CDP > CDP Neighbors Information. The CDP
Neighbors Information page opens.

This page displays the following fields for the link partner (neighbor): Device IDNeighbors device ID. Local InterfaceNumber of the local port to which the neighbor is connected. Advertisement VersionCDP protocol version.
101
Configuring CDP
8
Time to Live (sec)Time interval (in seconds) after which the information for this neighbor is deleted. CapabilitiesCapabilities advertised by neighbor. PlatformInformation from Platform TLV of neighbor. Neighbor InterfaceOutgoing interface of the neighbor.
STEP 2 Select a device, and click Details. The CDP Neighbors Details page opens.
This page displays the following fields about the neighbor: Device IDIdentifier of the neighboring device ID. Local InterfaceInterface number of port through which frame arrived. Advertisement VersionVersion of CDP. Time to LiveTime interval (in seconds) after which the information for this neighbor is deleted. CapabilitiesPrimary functions of the device. The capabilities are indicated by two octets. Bits 0 through 7 indicate Other, Repeater, Bridge, WLAN AP, Router, Telephone, DOCSIS cable device, and station respectively. Bits 8 through 15 are reserved. PlatformIdentifier of the neighbors platform. Neighbor InterfaceInterface number of the neighbor through which frame arrived. Native VLANNeighbors native VLAN. DuplexWhether neighbors interface is half or full duplex. AddressesNeighbors addresses. Power DrawnAmount of power consumed by neighbor on the interface. VersionNeighbors software version.
NOTE Clicking on the Clear Table button will disconnect all connected devices if from
CDP, and if Auto Smartport is enabled will change all port types to default.
102
Configuring CDP
8
Viewing CDP Statistics
The CDP Statistics page displays information regarding Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) frames that were sent or received from a port. CDP packets are received from devices attached to the switches interfaces, and are used for the Smartport feature. See Configuring CDP for more information. CDP statistics for a port are only displayed if CDP is enabled globally and on the port. This is done in the CDP Properties page and the CDP Interface Settings page. To view CDP statistics:
STEP 1 Click Administration > Discovery - CDP > CDP Statistics. The CDP Statistics page
opens.
STEP 2 Enter the parameter.
Refresh RateSelect the time period that passes before the CDP Statistics page is refreshed.
The Attribute Counter block displays the counters for various types of packets per interface. Version 1Number of CDP version 1 packets received/transmitted. Version 2Number of CDP version 2 packets received/transmitted. TotalTotal number of CDP packets received/transmitted.
The CDP Error Statistics section displays the CDP error counters. Illegal ChecksumNumber of packets received with illegal checksum value. Other ErrorsNumber of packets received with errors other than illegal checksums. Neighbors Over MaximumNumber of times that packet information could not be stored in cache because of lack of room.
To clear the counters, click Clear Counters. The CDP Statistics counters are cleared.
103
9
Port Management
This section describes port configuration, link aggregation, and the Green Ethernet feature. It contains the following topics: Configuring Ports Setting Basic Port Configuration Configuring Link Aggregation Configuring Green Ethernet
Configuring Ports
To configure ports, perform the following actions: 1. Configure port by using the Port Setting page. 2. Enable/disable the Link Aggregation Control (LAG) protocol, and configure the potential member ports to the desired LAGs by using the LAG Management page. By default, all LAGs are empty. 3. Configure the Ethernet parameters, such as speed and auto-negotiation for the LAGs by using the LAG Settings page. 4. Configure the LACP parameters for the ports that are members or candidates of a dynamic LAG by using the LACP page. 5. Configure Green Ethernet and 802.3 Energy Efficient Ethernet by using the Properties page. 6. Configure Green Ethernet energy mode and 802.3 Energy Efficient Ethernet per port by using the Port Settings page. 7. If PoE is supported and enabled for the switch, configure the switch as described in Managing Power-over-Ethernet Devices.
104
Port Management
Setting Basic Port Configuration

The Port Setting page displays the global and per port setting of all the ports. This page enables you to select and configure the desired ports from the Edit Port Setting page. To configure port settings:
STEP 1 Click Port Management > Port Setting. The Port Setting page opens. STEP 2 Select Jumbo Frames to support packets of up to 10 Kb in size. If Jumbo Frames
is not enabled (default), the system supports packet size up to 1,632 bytes. For jumbo frames to take effect, the switch will need to be rebooted after the feature is enabled.
STEP 3 Click Apply to update the global setting.
Jumbo frames configuration changes take effect only after the Running Configuration is explicitly saved to the Startup Configuration File using the Copy/ Save Configuration page, and the switch is rebooted.
STEP 4 To update the port settings, select the desired port, and click Edit. The Edit Port
Setting page opens.

STEP 5 Modify the following parameters:
InterfaceSelect the port number. Port DescriptionEnter the port user-defined name or comment. Port TypeDisplays the port type and speed. The possible options are: Copper PortsRegular, not Combo, support the following values: 10M, 100M, and 1000M (type: Copper). Combo Ports CopperCombo port connected with copper CAT5 cable, supports the following values: 10M, 100M, and 1000M (type: ComboC). Combo FiberSFP Fiber Gigabit Interface Converter Port with the following values: 100M and 1000M (type: ComboF).
NOTE SFP Fiber takes precedence in Combo ports when both ports are
being used. Administrative StatusSelect whether the port should be Up or Down when the switch is rebooted.
105
Port Management
9
Operational StatusDisplays whether the port is currently Up or Down. Reactivate Suspended PortSelect to reactivate a port that has been suspended. There are numerous ways that a port can be suspended, such as through the locked port security option, dot1x single host violation, loopback detection, STP loopback guard or Access Control List (ACL) configurations. The reactivate operation brings the port up without regard to why the port was suspended. Auto-NegotiationSelect to enable auto-negotiation on the port. Autonegotiation enables a port to advertise its transmission speed, duplex mode, and Flow Control abilities to the port link partner. Operational Auto-NegotiationDisplays the current auto-negotiation status on the port. Administrative Port SpeedConfigure the speed of the port. The port type determines which the available speeds. You can designate Administrative Speed only when port auto-negotiation is disabled.
NOTE To change the status of a Giga port from 10 Half/100 Half to 1000 Full,
change the duplex mode to Full and then change the Administrative Port speed to 1000. Operational Port SpeedDisplays the current port speed that is the result of negotiation. Administrative Duplex ModeSelect the port duplex mode. This field is configurable only when auto-negotiation is disabled, and the port speed is set to 10M or 100M. At port speed of 1G, the mode is always full duplex. The possible options are: FullThe interface supports transmission between the switch and the client in both directions simultaneously. HalfThe interface supports transmission between the switch and the client in only one direction at a time.
Operational Duplex ModeDisplays the ports current duplex mode. Auto AdvertisementSelect the capabilities advertised by autonegotiation when it is enabled. The options are: Max CapabilityAll port speeds and duplex mode settings can be accepted. 10 Half10 Mbps speed and Half Duplex mode.
106
Port Management
9
10 Full10 Mbps speed and Full Duplex mode. 100 Half100 Mbps speed and Half Duplex mode. 100 Full100 Mbps speed and Full Duplex mode. 1000 Full1000 Mbps speed and Full Duplex mode.
Operational AdvertisementDisplays the capabilities currently published to the ports neighbor. The possible options are those specified in the Administrative Advertisement field. Neighbor AdvertisementDisplays the capabilities advertised by the neighboring device (link partner). Back PressureSelect the Back Pressure mode on the port (used with Half Duplex mode) to slow down the packet reception speed when the switch is congested. It disables the remote port, preventing it from sending packets by jamming the signal. Flow ControlEnable or disable 802.3x Flow Control, or enable the autonegotiation of Flow Control on the port (only when in Full Duplex mode). MDI/MDIXthe Media Dependent Interface (MDI)/Media Dependent Interface with Crossover (MDIX) status on the port. The options are: MDIXSelect to swap the port's transmit and receives pairs. MDISelect to connect this switch to a station by using a straight through cable. AutoSelect to configure this switch to automatically detect the correct pinouts for the connection to another device.
Operational MDI/MDIXDisplays the current MDI/MDIX setting. Protected PortSelect to make this a protected port. (A protected port is also referred as a Private VLAN Edge (PVE).) The features of a protected port are as follows: Protected Ports provide Layer 2 isolation between interfaces (Ethernet ports and LAGs) that share the same VLAN. Packets received from protected ports can be forwarded only to unprotected egress ports. Protected port filtering rules are also applied to packets that are forwarded by software, such as snooping applications.
107
Port Management
Configuring Link Aggregation
9
Port protection is not subject to VLAN membership. Devices connected to protected ports are not allowed to communicate with each other, even if they are members of the same VLAN. Both ports and LAGs can be defined as protected or unprotected. Protected LAGs are described in the Configuring Link Aggregation section.
Member in LAGDisplays the LAG, if the port is a member of a LAG; otherwise this field is left blank.
STEP 6 Click Apply. The Port Settings are modified, and the Running Configuration file is
updated.

This section describes how to configure LAGs. It contains the following topics: Link Aggregation Overview Static and Dynamic LAG Workflow Defining LAG Management Configuring LAG Settings Configuring LACP
Link Aggregation Overview

Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) is part of the IEEE specification (802.3az) that allows you to bundle several physical ports together to form a single logical channel (LAG). LAGs multiply the bandwidth, increase port flexibility, and provide link redundancy between two devices. Two types of LAGs are supported: StaticA LAG is static if the LACP is disabled on it. The group of ports assigned to a static LAG are always active members. After a LAG is manually created, the LACP option cannot be added or removed, until the LAG is
108
Port Management
9
edited and a member is removed (which can be added prior applying), then the LACP button will become available for editing. DynamicA LAG is dynamic if LACP is enabled on it. The group of ports assigned to dynamic LAG are candidate ports. LACP determines which candidate ports are active member ports. The non-active candidate ports are standby ports ready to replace any failing active member ports.
Load Balancing
Traffic forwarded to a LAG is load-balanced across the active member ports, thus achieving an effective bandwidth close to the aggregate bandwidth of all the active member ports of the LAG. Traffic load balancing over the active member ports of a LAG is managed by a hash-based distribution function that distributes Unicast and Multicast traffic based on Layer 2 or Layer 3 packet header information. The switch supports two modes of load balancing: By MAC AddressesBased on the destination and source MAC addresses of all packets. By IP and MAC AddressesBased on the destination and source IP addresses for IP packets, and destination and source MAC addresses for non-IP packets.
LAG Management
In general, a LAG is treated by the system as a single logical port. In particular, the LAG has port attributes similar to a regular port, such as state and speed. The switch supports eight LAGs. Every LAG has the following characteristics: All ports in a LAG must be of the same media type. To add a port to the LAG, it cannot belong to any VLAN except the default VLAN. Ports in a LAG must not be assigned to another LAG. No more than eight ports are assigned to a static LAG and no more than 16 ports can be candidates for a dynamic LAG. All the ports in a LAG must have auto-negotiation disabled, although the LAG can have auto-negotiation enabled.
109
Port Management
9
When a port is added to a LAG, the configuration of the LAG is applied to the port. When the port is removed from the LAG, its original configuration is reapplied. Protocols, such as Spanning Tree, consider all the ports in the LAG to be one port.
Static and Dynamic LAG Workflow

NOTE After a LAG has been manually created, LACP cannot be added or removed until
the LAG is edited and a member is removed. Only then will the LACP button become available for editing. To configure a static LAG, perform the following actions: 1. Disable LACP on the LAG to make it static. Assign up to eight member ports to the static LAG by selecting and moving the ports from the Port List to the LAG Members list. Select the load balancing algorithm for the LAG. Perform these actions in the LAG Management page. 2. Configure various aspects of the LAG, such as speed and flow control by using the LAG Settings page. To configure a dynamic LAG, perform the following actions: 1. Enabling LACP on the LAG. Assign up to 16 candidates ports to the dynamic LAG by selecting and moving the ports from the Port List to the LAG Members List by using the LAG Management page. 2. Configure various aspects of the LAG, such as speed and flow control by using the LAG Settings page. 3. Set the LACP priority and timeout of the ports in the LAG by using the LACP page.
Defining LAG Management

The LAG Management page displays the global and per LAG settings. The page also enables you to configure the global setting and to select and edit the desired LAG on the Edit LAG Membership page. To select the load balancing algorithm of the LAG:
110
Port Management
STEP 1 Click Port Management > Link Aggregation > LAG Management. The LAG
Management page opens.

STEP 2 Select one of the following Load Balance Algorithms:
MAC AddressPerform load balancing by source and destination MAC addresses on all packets. IP/MAC AddressPerform load balancing by the source and destination IP addresses on IP packets, and by the source and destination MAC addresses on non-IP packets
STEP 3 Click Apply. The Load Balance Algorithm is defined, and the Running Configuration
file is updated.
To define the member or candidate ports in a LAG.

STEP 1 Select the LAG to be configured, and click Edit. The Edit LAG Membership page
opens.
STEP 2 Enter the values for the following fields:
LAGSelect the LAG number. LAG NameEnter the LAG name or a comment. LACPSelect to enable LACP on the selected LAG. This makes it a dynamic LAG. This field can only be enabled after moving a port to the LAG in the next field. Port ListMove those ports that are to be assigned to the LAG from the Port List to the LAG Members list. Up to eight ports per static LAG can be assigned, and 16 ports can be assigned to a dynamic LAG.
STEP 3 Click Apply. The LAG membership is defined, and the Running Configuration file is
updated.
111
Port Management
Configuring LAG Settings

The LAG Settings page displays a table of current settings for all LAGs. You can configure the settings of selected LAGs, and reactivate suspended LAGs by launching the Edit LAG Settings page. To configure the LAG settings or reactivate a suspended LAG:
STEP 1 Click Port Management > Link Aggregation > LAG Settings. The LAG Settings
page opens.
STEP 2 Select a LAG, and click Edit. The Edit LAG Settings page opens. STEP 3 Enter the values for the following fields:
LAGSelect the LAG ID number. DescriptionEnter the LAG name or a comment. LAG TypeDisplays the port type that comprises the LAG. Administrative StatusSet the selected LAG to be Up or Down. Operational StatusDisplays whether the LAG is currently operating. Reactivate Suspended LAGSelect to reactivate a port if the LAG has been disabled through the locked port security option or through ACL configurations. Administrative Auto-NegotiationEnables or disable auto-negotiation on the LAG. Auto-negotiation is a protocol between two link partners that enables a LAG to advertise its transmission speed and flow control to its partner (the Flow Control default is disabled). It is recommended to keep auto-negotiation enabled on both sides of an aggregate link, or disabled on both sides, while ensuring that link speeds are identical. Operational Auto-NegotiationDisplays the auto-negotiation setting. Administrative SpeedSelect the LAG speed. Operational LAG SpeedDisplays the current speed at which the LAG is operating. Administrative AdvertisementSelect the capabilities to be advertised by the LAG. The options are: Max CapabilityAll LAG speeds and both duplex modes are available.
112
Port Management
9
10 FullThe LAG advertises a 10 Mbps speed and the mode is full duplex. 100 FullThe LAG advertises a 100 Mbps speed and the mode is full duplex. 1000 FullThe LAG advertises a 1000 Mbps speed and the mode is full duplex.
Operational AdvertisementDisplays the Administrative Advertisement status. The LAG advertises its capabilities to its neighbor LAG to start the negotiation process. The possible values are those specified in the Administrative Advertisement field. Neighbor AdvertisementDisplays the capabilities that are advertised by the neighbor LAG (the LAG to which the selected interface is connected) that advertises its capabilities to the LAG to start the negotiation process. The values are the same as in the Administrative Advertisement field. Administrative Flow ControlEnable or disable Flow Control or enable the auto-negotiation of Flow Control on the LAG. Operational Flow ControlDisplays the current Flow Control setting. Protected LAGSelect to make the LAG a protected port for Layer 2 isolation. See the Port Configuration description in the Setting Basic Port Configuration section for details regarding protected ports and LAGs.
Configuring LACP
A dynamic LAG is LACP-enabled, and LACP is run on every candidate port defined in the LAG.
LACP Priority and Rules

LACP system priority and LACP port priority are both used to determine which of the candidate ports become active member ports in a dynamic LAG configured with more than eight candidate ports. The selected candidate ports of the LAG are all connected to the same remote device. Both the local and remote switches have a LACP system priority.
113
Port Management
The following algorithm is used to determine whether LACP port priorities are taken from the local or remote device: the local LACP System Priority is compared to the remote LACP System Priority. The device with the lowest priority controls candidate port selection to the LAG. If both priorities are the same, the local and remote MAC addresses are compared. The priority of the device with the lowest MAC address controls candidate port selection to the LAG. A dynamic LAG can have up to 16 Ethernet ports of the same type. Up to eight ports can be active, and up to eight ports can be in standby mode. When there are more than eight ports in the dynamic LAG, the switch on the controlling end of the link uses port priorities to determine which ports are bundled into the LAG and which ports are put in hot-standby mode. Port priorities on the other switch (the non-controlling end of the link) are ignored. The following are additional rules used to select the active or standby ports in a dynamic LACP: Any link operating at a different speed from the highest-speed active member or operating at half-duplex is made standby. All the active ports in a dynamic LAG operate at the same baud rate. If the port LACP priority of the link is lower than that of the currently-active link members, and the number of active members is already at the maximum number, the link is made inactive, and placed in standby mode.
Setting Port LACP Parameter Settings

The LACP page displays and enables configuration of the LACP System Priority, LACP timeout, and LACP port priority. LACP timeout is a per port parameter, and is the time interval between the sending and receiving of consecutive LACP PDUs. With all factors equal, when the LAG is configured with more candidate ports than the maximum number of active ports allowed, the switch selects ports as active from the dynamic LAG that has the highest priority
NOTE The LACP setting is irrelevant on ports that are not members of a dynamic LAG.
To define the LACP settings:

STEP 1 Click Port Management > Link Aggregation > LACP. The LACP page opens. STEP 2 Select a port, and click Edit. The Edit LACP page opens. STEP 3 Enter the values for the following fields:
PortSelect the port number to which timeout and priority values are assigned.
114
Port Management
9
LACP Port PriorityEnter the LACP priority value for the port. LACP TimeoutSelect the periodic transmissions of LACP PDUs, which occur at either a long or short transmission speed, depending upon the expressed LACP timeout preference.
115
Port Management
Configuring Green Ethernet
9
This section describes the Green Ethernet feature that is designed to save power on the switch. It contains the following sections: Green Ethernet Overview Setting Global Green Ethernet Properties Setting Green Ethernet Properties for Ports
Green Ethernet Overview

Green Ethernet is a common name for a set of features that is designed to be environmentally friendly, and to reduce the power consumption of a device. Green Ethernet is different from EEE in that green ethernet energy-detect is enabled on all devices where only the Gigabyte ports are enable with EEE. The Green Ethernet feature can reduce overall power usage in the following ways: Energy-Detect ModeOn an inactive link, the port moves into inactive mode, saving power while keeping the Administrative status of the port Up. Recovery from this mode to full operational mode is fast, transparent, and no frames are lost. This mode is supported on both GE and FE ports. Short-Reach ModeThis feature provides for power savings on a short length of cable. After cable length is analyzed, the power usage is adjusted for various cable lengths. If the cable is shorter than 50 meters, the switch uses less power to send frames over the cable, thus saving energy. This mode is only supported on RJ45 GE ports; it does not apply to Combo ports. This mode is globally disabled by default. It cannot be enabled if EEE mode is enabled (see below). In addition to the above Green Ethernet features, the 802.3az Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) is found on devices supporting GE ports. EEE reduces power consumption when there is no traffic on the port. See the 802.3az Energy Efficient Ethernet Feature section for more information (available on GE models only). EEE is enabled globally by default. On a given port, if EEE is enabled, short reach mode will be disabled. If Short Reach Mode is enabled, EEE will be grayed out regardless of the Short Reach Mode global status.
Cisco Small Business 300 1.1 Series Managed Switch Administration Guide 116
Port Management
9
These modes are configured per port, without taking into account the LAG membership of the ports. Power savings, current power consumption and cumulative energy saved can be monitored. The total amount of saved energy can be viewed as a percentage of the power that would have been consumed by the physical interfaces had they not been running in Green Ethernet mode. The saved energy displayed is only related to Green Ethernet. EEE energy saved is not displayed.
802.3az Energy Efficient Ethernet Feature

This section describes the 802.3az Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) feature. It contains the following topics: 802.3az EEE Overview Advertise Capabilities Negotiation Link Level Discovery for 802.3az EEE Availability of 802.3az EEE Default Configuration Interactions Between Features 802.3az EEE Configuration Workflow
802.3az EEE Overview

802.3az EEE is designed to save power when there is no traffic on the link. In Green Ethernet, power is reduced when the port is down. With 802.3az EEE, power is reduced when the port is up, but there is no traffic on it. 802.3az EEE is only supported on devices with GE ports. When using 802.3az EEE, systems on both sides of the link can disable portions of their functionality and save power during periods of no traffic. 802.3az EEE supports IEEE 802.3 MAC operation at 100 Mbps and 1000 Mbps: LLDP is used to select the optimal set of parameters for both devices. If LLDP is not supported by the link partner, or is disabled, 802.3az EEE will still be operational, but it might not be in the optimal operational mode. The 802.3az EEE feature is implemented using a port mode called Low Power Idle (LPI) mode. When there is no traffic and this feature is enabled on the port, the port is placed in the LPI mode, which reduces power consumption dramatically.
117
Port Management
9
Both sides of a connection (switch port and connecting device) must support 802.3az EEE for it to work. When traffic is absent, both sides send signals indicating that power is about to be reduced. When signals from both sides are received, the Keep Alive signal indicates that the ports are in LPI status (and not in Down status), and power is reduced. For ports to stay in LPI mode, the Keep Alive signal must be received continuously from both sides.
Advertise Capabilities Negotiation

802.3az EEE support is advertised during the Auto-Negotiation stage. AutoNegotiation provides a linked device with the capability to detect the abilities (modes of operation) supported by the device at the other end of the link, determine common abilities, and configure itself for joint operation. AutoNegotiation is performed at the time of link-up, on command from management, or upon detection of a link error. During the link establishment process, both link partners to exchange their 802.3az EEE capabilities. Auto-Negotiation functions automatically without user interaction when it is enabled on the device.
NOTE If Auto-Negotiation is not enabled on a port, the EEE is disabled. The
only exception is if the link speed is 1GB, then EEE will still e enabled even though Auto-Negotiation is disabled.
Link Level Discovery for 802.3az EEE

In addition to the capabilities described above, 802.3az EEE capabilities and settings are also advertised using frames based on the organizationally-specific TLVs defined in Annex G of IEEE Std 802.1AB protocol (LLDP). LLDP is used to further optimize 802.3az EEE operation after auto-negotiation is completed. The 802.3az EEE TLV is used to fine tune system wake-up and refresh durations.
Availability of 802.3az EEE

Please check the release notes for a complete listing of products that support EEE.SG300-10. SG300-10MP, SG300-10P, SG300-20. SG300-28, SG300-28P and SG300-52.
Default Configuration
By default, 802.3az EEE and EEE LLDP are enabled globally and per port.
118
Port Management
9
Interactions Between Features
The following describe 802.3az EEE interactions with other features: If auto-negotiation is not enabled on the port, the 802.3az EEE operational status is disabled. The exception to this rule is that if the link speed is 1gigabyte, EEE will still be enabled even though Auto-Negotiation is disabled. If 802.3az EEE is enabled and the port is going Up, it commences to work immediately in accordance with the maximum wake time value of the port. On the GUI, the EEE field for the port is not available when the Short Reach Mode option on the port is checked. If the port speed on the GE port is changed to 10Mbit, 802.3az EEE is disabled. This is supported in GE models only.
802.3az EEE Configuration Workflow

This section describes how to configure the 802.3az EEE feature and view its counters.
STEP 1 Ensure that auto-negotiation is enabled on the port by opening the Port
Management > Port Settings page. a. Select a port and open the Edit Port Settings page. b. Select the Operational Auto Negotiation field to ensure that it is Enabled.
STEP 2 Ensure that 803.2 Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) is globally enabled in the Port
Management > Green Ethernet > Properties page (it is enabled by default). This page also displays how much energy has been saved.
STEP 3 Ensure that 802.3az EEE is enabled on a port by opening the Green Ethernet > Port
Settings page. a. Select a port, open the Edit Port Settings page. b. Check the 802.3 Efficient Energy Ethernet (EEE) mode on the port (it is enabled by default). c. Select whether to enable or disable advertisement of 802.3az EEE capabilities through LLDP in 802.3 Efficient Energy Ethernet (EEE) LLDP (it is enabled by default).
119
Port Management
9
Administration > Discovery LLDP >LLDP Local Information page, and view the information in the 802.3az Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) block.
STEP 4 To see 802.3az EEE-related information on the local device, open the
STEP 5 To display 802.3az EEE information on the remote device, open the Administration
> Discovery LLDP > LLDP Neighbor Information pages, and view the information in the 802.3 Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) block.
Setting Global Green Ethernet Properties

The Properties page displays and enables configuration of the Green Ethernet mode for the switch. It also displays the current power savings. To enable Green Ethernet and EEE and view power savings:
STEP 1 Click Port Management > Green Ethernet > Properties. The Properties page
opens.
Energy Detect ModeGlobally enable or disable Energy Detect mode. If this mode is changed, a message is displayed. (Energy Detect Mode does not need to be enabled for EEE to function). The Energy mode is changed when you click Apply.
NOTE Disabling or enabling Energy Detect Mode temporarily disconnects
the network connections. Short ReachGlobally enable or disable Short Reach mode if there are GE ports on the switch. If this mode is changed, a message is displayed. The field still shows on switches that do not have GE ports, but is invalid. 802.3 Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) Globally enable or disable EEE mode (only available if there are GE ports on the switch). If this mode is changed, a message is displayed. Power SavingsDisplays the amount of power saved by running in Green Ethernet mode. Cumulative Energy SavedDisplays the amount of energy saved from the last switch reboot. This value is updated each time there is an event that affects power saving. (This value does not take into consideration the amount of energy saved with the use of EEE).
120
Port Management
9
updated.
STEP 3 Click Apply. The Port Settings are modified, and the Running Configuration file is
Setting Green Ethernet Properties for Ports

The Port Settings page displays the current Green Ethernet and EEE modes per port, and enables configuring Green Ethernet on a port using the Edit Port Setting page. For the Green Ethernet modes to operate on a port, the corresponding modes must be activated globally in the Properties page. Note that EEE settings are only displayed for devices that have GE ports. EEE works only when ports are set to Auto negotiation. The exception is that EEE is still functional even when Auto Negotiation is disabled, but the port is at 1GB or higher. To define per port Green Ethernet settings:
STEP 1 Click Port Management > Green Ethernet> Port Settings. The Port Settings
page opens. The Port Settings page displays the following: PortThe port number. Energy DetectState of the port regarding Energy Detect mode: AdministrativeDisplays whether Energy Detect mode was enabled. OperationalDisplays whether Energy Detect mode is currently operating. ReasonIf Energy Detect mode is not operational, displays the reason.
Short ReachState of the port regarding Short Reach mode: AdministrativeDisplays whether Short Reach mode was enabled. OperationalDisplays whether Short Reach mode is currently operating. ReasonIf Short-Reach mode is not operational, displays the reason. Cable LengthDisplays VCT-returned cable length in meters.
NOTE Short-reach mode is only supported on RJ45 GE ports; it does not
apply to Combo ports.
121
Port Management
9
802.3 Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE)State of the port regarding the EEE feature: AdministrativeDisplays whether EEE was enabled. OperationalDisplays whether EEE is currently operating on the local port. This is a function of whether it has been enabled (Administrative Status), whether it has been enabled on the local port and whether it is operational on the local port. LLDP AdministrativeDisplays whether advertising EEE counters through LLDP was enabled. LLDP OperationalDisplays whether advertising EEE counters through LLDP is currently operating. EEE Support on RemoteDisplays whether EEE is supported on the link partner. EEE must be supported on both the local and remote link partners.
NOTE The window displays the Short Reach, Energy Detect and EEE
settings for each port; however, they are not enabled on any port unless they are also enabled globally by using the Properties page. To enable Short Reach and EEE globally, see the Setting Global Green Ethernet Properties section.
STEP 2 Select a Port and click Edit. The Edit Port Setting page opens. STEP 3 Select to enable or disable Energy Detect mode on the port. STEP 4 Select to enable or disable Short Reach mode on the port if there are GE ports on
the device.
STEP 5 Select to enable or disable 802.3 Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) mode on the port
if there are GE ports on the device.

STEP 6 Select to enable or disable 802.3 Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) LLDP mode on
the port (advertisement of EEE capabilities through LLDP) if there are GE ports on the device.
STEP 7 Click Apply. The Green Ethernet port settings are modified, and the Running
122
10
Smartports
This document describes the Smartports feature. It contains the following topics: Overview What is a Smartport Smartport Types Smartport Macros How the Smartport Feature Works Macro Failure and the Reset Operation Auto Smartport Default Configuration Relationships with Other Features and Backwards Compatibility Common Smartport Tasks Web GUI Built-in Smartport Macros
Overview
The Smartport feature provides a convenient way to save and share common configurations. By applying the same Smartport macro to multiple interfaces, the interfaces share a common set of configurations. A Smartport macro is a script of CLI (Command Line Interface) commands
123
Smartports
What is a Smartport
10
A Smartport macro can be applied to an interface by the macro name, or by the Smartport type associated with the macro. Applying a Smartport macro by macro name can be done only through CLI, you should refer to the CLI guide for details.
There are two ways to apply a Smartport macro by Smartport type to an interface: Static SmartportThe user manually assigns a Smartport type to an interface. The result is the corresponding Smartport macro is applied to the interface. Auto SmartportAuto Smartport waits for a device to be attached to the interface before applying a configuration. When a device is detected from an interface, the Smartport macro (if assigned) that corresponds to the Smartport type of the attaching device is automatically applied.
The Smartport feature consists of various components and works in conjunction with other features on the switch. These components and features are described in the following sections: Smartport, Smartport types and Smartport macros, described in this section. Voice VLAN and Smartport, described in the Voice VLAN section. LLDP/CDP for Smartport, described in the Configuring LLDP and Configuring CDP sections, respectively.
Additionally, typical work flows are described in the Common Smartport Tasks section.
What is a Smartport
A Smartport is an interface to which a built-in (or user-defined) macro may be applied. These macros are designed to provide a means of quickly configuring the switch to support the communication requirements and utilize the features of various types of network devices. The network access and QoS requirements vary if the interface is connected to an IP phone, a printer, or a router and/or Access Point (AP).
124
Smartports
Smartport Types
10
Smartport types refers to the types of devices attached, or to be attached to Smartports. The switch supports the following Smartport types: Printer Desktop Guest Server Host IP Camera IP phone IP Phone+Desktop Switch Router Wireless Access Point
Smartport Types
Smartport types are named so that they describe the type of device connected to an interface. Each Smartport type is associated with two Smartport macros. One macro, called "the macro," serves to apply the desired configuration. The other, called "the anti-macro," serves to undo all configuration performed by "the macro" when that interface happens to become a different Smartport type. You can apply a Smartport macro by the following methods: The macro name. The associated Smartport type. Statically from a Smartport macro by name only from the CLI.
A Smartport macro can be applied by its Smartport type statically from CLI and GUI, and dynamically by Auto Smartport. Auto Smartport derives the Smartport types of the attached devices based on CDP capabilities, LLDP system capabilities, and/or LLDP-MED capabilities.
125
Smartports
Smartport Types
10
Table 1 describes the relationship of Smartport types and Auto Smartport Table 1 Smartport Type Unknown Default Printer Desktop Guest Server Host IP camera IP phone IP phone desktop Switch Router Wireless Access Point Supported by Auto Smartport No No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Supported by Auto Smartport by default No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes
Special Smartport Types

There are two special smartport types; "default" and "unknown." These two types are not associated with macros, but they exist to signify the state of the interface regarding smartport. The following are special Smartport types: Default An interface that does not (yet) have a Smartport type assigned to it has the Default Smartport status.
126
Smartports
Smartport Macros
10
If Auto Smartport assigns a Smartport type to an interface and the interface is not configured to be Auto Smartport Persistent, then its Smartport type will be re-initialized to Default in the following cases: A link down/up operation is performed on the interface. The switch is restarted. All devices attached to the interface have aged out, which is defined as the absence of CDP and/or LLDP advertisement from the device for a specified time period.
Unknown If a Smartport macro is applied to an interface and an error occurs, the interface is assigned the Unknown status. In this case, the Smartport and Auto Smartport features do not function on the interface until the user corrects the error and applies the Reset action (performed in the Edit Interface Settings page) that resets the Smartport status. See the workflow area in Common Smartport Tasks section for troubleshooting tips.
NOTE Throughout this section, the term aged out is used to describe the LLDP and CDP
messages via their TTL. If Auto Smartport is enabled, and persistent status is disabled, and no more CDP or LLDP messages are received on the interface before both TTLs of the most recent CDP and LLDP packets decrease to 0, then the antimacro will run and the Smartport type will return to default.
Smartport Macros
A Smartport macro is a script of CLIcommands that configure an interface appropriately for a particular network device. Smartport macros should not be confused with global macros. Global macros configure the switch globally, however, the scope of a Smartport macro is limited to the interface on which it is applied. The macro source may be found by running the show parser macro name [macro_name] command in privileged exec mode of the CLI or by clicking the view macro source button on the Smartport Type Settings page. A macro and the corresponding anti-macro are paired together in association with each Smartport type. The macro applies the configuration and the anti-macro removes it.
127
Smartports
Smartport Macros
10
There are two types of Smartport macros: Built-InThese are macros provided by the system. One macro applies the configuration profile and the other removes it. The macro names of the builtin Smartport macros and the Smartport type they are associated with as follows macro-name (for example: printer) no_macro-name (for example: no_printer)
User-DefinedThese are macros written by the users. See the CLI Reference Guide for more information about these. To associate a user defined macro to a Smartport type, its anti macro must be defined as well. smartport-type-name (for example: my_printer) no_smartport-type-name (for example: no_my_printer)
Smartport macros are bound to Smartport types in the Edit Smartport Type Settings page. See the Built-in Smartport Macros section for a listing of the built-in Smartport macros for each device type.
Applying a Smartport Type to an Interface

When Smartport types are applied to interfaces, the smartport types and configuration in the associated Smartport macros are saved in the Running Configuration File. If the administrator saves the Running Configuration File into the Startup Configuration File, the switch will apply the Smartport types and the Smartport macros to the interfaces after reboot as follows: If the Startup Configuration File does not specify a Smartport type for an interface, its Smartport type is set to Default. If the Startup Configuration File specifies a static Smartport type, the Smartport type of the interface is set to this static type. If the Startup Configuration File specifies a Smartport type that was dynamically assigned by Auto Smartport:
128
Smartports
Macro Failure and the Reset Operation
10
If the Auto Smartport Global Operational state, the interface Auto Smartport state, and the Persistent Status are all Enable, the Smartport type is set to this dynamic type. Else the corresponding anti-macro is applied and the interfaces status is set to Default.
Macro Failure and the Reset Operation

A Smartport macro may fail if there is a conflict between the existing configuration of the interface and a Smartport macro. When a Smartport macro fails, a SYSLOG message containing the following parameters is sent: Port number Smartport type The line number of the failed CLI command in the macro
When a Smartport macro fails on an interface, the status of the interface is set to Unknown. The reason for the failure can be displayed in the Interface Settings page, Show Diagnostics popup. After the source of the problem is determined and the existing configuration or Smartport macro is corrected, you must perform a reset operation to reset the interface before it can be reapplied with a Smartport type (in the Interface Settings, Edit page). See the workflow area in Common Smartport Tasks section for troubleshooting tips.
129
Smartports
How the Smartport Feature Works
10
How the Smartport Feature Works

You can apply a Smartport macro to an interface by the macro name, or by the Smartport type associated with the macro. Applying a Smartport macro by macro name can be done only through the CLI, you should refer to the CLI guide for details. Because support is provided for Smartport types which correspond to devices which do not allow themselves to be discovered via CDP and/or LLDP, these Smartport types must be statically assigned to the desired interfaces. This can be done by navigating to the Smartport Interface Settings page, selecting the radio button of the desired interface, and clicking edit. Then select the Smartport type you want to assign and adjust the parameters as necessary before clicking apply. There are two ways to apply Smartport macro by Smartport type to an interface: Static Smartport The user manually assigns a Smartport type to an interface. The corresponding Smartport macro is applied to the interface. You can manually assign a Smartport type to an interface from the Smartport Interface Settings Page. Auto Smartport When a device is detected from an interface, the Smartport macro, if any, that corresponds to the Smartport type of the attaching device is automatically applied. Auto Smartport is enabled by default globally, and at the interface level. In both cases, the associated anti-macro is run when the Smartport type is removed from the interface, and the anti-macro runs in exactly the same manner, removing all of the configuration.
Auto Smartport
In order for Auto Smartport to automatically assign Smartport types to interfaces, the Auto Smartport feature must be enabled globally and on the interfaces which Auto Smartport should be allowed to configure. By default, Auto Smartport is enabled and allowed to configure all interfaces. The Smartport type assigned to each interface is determined by the CDP and LLDP packets received on the each interface respectively.
130
Smartports
Auto Smartport
10
If multiple devices are attached to an interface, a configuration profile that is appropriate for all of the devices is applied to the interface if possible. If a device is aged out (no longer receiving advertisements from other devices), the interface configuration is changed according to its Persistent Status. If the Persistent Status is enabled, the interface configuration is retained. If not, the Smartport Type reverts to Default.
Enabling Auto Smartport

Auto Smartport can be enabled globally in the Properties page in the following ways: EnabledThis manually enables Auto Smartport and places it into operation immediately. Enable by Auto Voice VLANThis enables Auto Smartport to operate if, and only if, Auto Voice VLAN is enabled and in operation. Enable by Auto Voice VLAN is the default.
NOTE In addition to enabling Auto Smartport globally, you need to enable Auto Smartport
at the desired interface as well. By default, Auto Smartport is enabled at all the interfaces. See the Voice VLAN section for more information on enabling Auto Voice VLAN
Identifying Smartport Type

If Auto Smartport is globally enabled (in the Properties page) , and at an interface (in the Interface Settings page), the switch applies a SmartPort macro to the interface based on the Smartport type of the attaching device. Auto SmartPort derives the SmartPort types of attaching devices based on the CDP and/or LLDP the devices advertise. If, for example, an IP phone is attached to a port, it transmits CDP or LLDP packets that advertise its capabilities. After reception of these CDP and/or LLDP packets, the switch derives the appropriate SmartPort type for phone and applies the corresponding SmartPort macro to the interface where the IP phone attaches. Unless Persistent Auto SmartPort is enabled on an interface, the SmartPort type and resulting configuration applied by Auto SmartPort will be removed if the attaching device(s) ages out, links down, reboots, or conflicting capabilities are received. Aging out times are determined by the absence of CDP and/or LLDP advertisements from the device for a specified time period.
131
Smartports
Auto Smartport
10
Using CDP/LLDP Information to Identify Smartport Types
The switch detects the type of device attached to the port, based on the CDP/ LLDP capabilities . This mapping is shown in Table 2 and Table 3. Table 2 CDP Capabilities Mapping to Smartport Type CDP Bit 0x01 0x02 0x04 0x08 0x10 0x20 0x40 0x80 0x100 0x200 0x400 Smartport Type Router Wireless Access Point Ignore Switch Host Ignore Ignore ip_phone Ignore Ignore Ignore
Capability Name Router TB Bridge SR Bridge Switch Host IGMP conditional filtering Repeater VoIP Phone Remotely-Managed Device CAST Phone Port Two-Port MAC Relay
Table 3
LLDP Capabilities Mapping to Smartport Type LLDP Bit 1 2 3 4 5 6 Smartport Type Ignore Ignore Switch Wireless Access Point Router ip_phone
Capability Name Other Repeater IETF RFC 2108 MAC Bridge IEEE Std 802.1D WLAN Access Point IEEE Std 802.11 MIB Router IETF RFC 1812 Telephone IETF RFC 4293
132
Smartports
Auto Smartport
10
Table 3 LLDP Capabilities Mapping to Smartport Type (Continued) LLDP Bit 7 8 9 10 11 12-16 Smartport Type Ignore Host Switch Switch Ignore Ignore Capability Name DOCSIS cable device IETF RFC 4639 and IETF RFC 4546 Station Only IETF RFC 4293 C-VLAN Component of a VLAN Bridge IEEE Std 802.1Q S-VLAN Component of a VLAN Bridge IEEE Std 802.1Q Two-port MAC Relay (TPMR) IEEE Std 802.1Q Reserved
NOTE If only the IP Phone and Host bits are set, then the SmartPort type is
ip_phone_desktop.
Multiple Devices Attached to the Port

The switch derives the SmartPort type of a connected device via the capabilities the device advertises in its CDP and/or LLDP packets. If multiple devices are connected to the switch through one interface, Auto Smartport will consider each capability advertisement it receives through that interface in order to assign the correct Smartport type. The assignment is based on the following algorithm: If all devices on an interface advertise the same capability (there is no conflict) the matching Smartport type is applied to the interface. If one of the devices is a switch, the Switch Smartport type is used. If one of the devices is an AP, the Wireless Access Point Smartport type is used. If one of the devices is an IP phone and another device is a host, the ip_phone_desktop Smartport type is used. If one of the devices is an IP phone desktop and the other is an IP phone or host, the ip_phone_desktop Smartport type is used. In all other cases the default Smartport type is used.
133
Smartports
Error Handling
10
For more information about LLDP/CDP refer to the Configuring LLDP and Configuring CDP sections, respectively.
Persistent Auto Smartport Interface

If the Persistent Status of an interface is enabled, its Smartport type and the configuration that is already applied dynamically by Auto Smartport will remain on the interface even after the attaching device ages out, the interface goes down, and the switch is rebooted (assuming the configuration is being saved). The SmartPort type and the configuration of the interface are not changed unless Auto Smartport detects an attaching device with a different Smartport. If the Persistent Status of an interface is disabled, the interface reverts to the default Smartport type when the attaching device to it ages out, the interface goes down, or the switch is rebooted. Enabling Persistent Status on an interface eliminates the device detection delay that otherwise will occur.
NOTE The persistence of the Smartport types applied to the interfaces are effective
between reboots only if the running configuration with the Smartport type applied at the interfaces are saved to the startup configuration file.
Error Handling
When a smart port macro fails to apply to an interface, you can examine the point of the failure in the Interface Settings Page and reset the port and reapply the macro after the error is corrected from the Interface Settings Edit Page.
Default Configuration
Smartport is always available. By default, Auto Smartport is enabled by Auto Voice VLAN, relies on both CDP and LLDP to detect attaching device's Smartport type, and detects Smartport type IP phone, IP phone + Desktop, Switch, and Wireless Access Point. See the Voice VLAN section for a description of the voice factory defaults.
134
Smartports
Relationships with Other Features and Backwards Compatibility
10
Relationships with Other Features and Backwards Compatibility

Auto Smartport is enabled by default and may be disabled. Telephony OUI cannot function concurrently with Auto Smartport and Auto Voice VLAN. Auto Smarport must be disabled before enabling Telephony OUI. A switch can be upgraded to support Smartport and Auto Smartport if it does not already support them.
NOTE When upgrading from a firmware level that does not support Auto Smartport to a
firmware level that supports Auto Smartport, the Auto Voice VLAN is disabled after the upgrade. If Telephony OUI was enabled before the upgrade, then Auto Smarport is disabled after the upgrade, and Telephony OUI remains enabled.
Common Smartport Tasks

This section describes some common tasks to setup Smartport and Auto Smartport.
Workflow1: To globally enable Auto Smartport on the switch, and to configure a port with Auto Smartport, perform the following steps:
STEP 1 To enable the Auto Smartport feature on the switch, open the Smartport >
Properties page. Set Administrative Auto Smartport to Enable or Enable by Voice VLAN.
STEP 2 Select whether the switch is to process CDP and/or LLDP advertisements from
connected devices.
STEP 3 Select which type of devices will be detected in the Auto Smartport Device
Detection field.
STEP 4 Click Apply STEP 5 To enable the Auto Smartport feature on one or more interfaces, open the
Smartport > Interface Settings page.

STEP 6 Select the interface, and click Edit. STEP 7 Select Auto Smartport in the Smartport Application field. STEP 8 Check or uncheck Persistent Status if desired.
135
Smartports
Common Smartport Tasks
10
Workflow2: To configure an interface as a static Smartport, perform the following steps:
STEP 9 Click Apply.
STEP 1 To enable the Smartport feature on the interface, open the Smartport > Interface
Settings page.
STEP 2 Select the interface, and click Edit. STEP 3 Select the Smartport type that is to be assigned to the interface in the Smartport
Application field.
STEP 4 Set the macro parameters as required. STEP 5 Click Apply.
Workflow3: To adjust Smartport macro parameter defaults and/or bind a user-defined macro pair to a Smartport type, perform the following steps:
Through this procedure you can accomplish the following: View the macro source. Change parameter defaults. Restore the parameter defaults to the factory settings. Bind a user-defined macro pair (a macro and its corresponding anti-macro) to a Smartport type.
1. Open the Smartport > Smartport Type Settings page. 2. Select the Smartport Type. 3. Click View Macro Source to view the current Smartport macro that is associated with the selected Smartport Type. 4. Click Edit to open a new window in which you can bind user-defined macros to the selected Smartport type and/or modify the default values of the parameters in the macros bound to that Smartport type. These parameter default values will be used when Auto Smartport applies the selected Smartport type (if applicable) to an interface. 5. In the Edit page, modify the fields. 6. Click Apply to rerun the macro if the parameters were changed, or Restore Defaults to restore default parameter values to built-in macros if required.
136
Smartports
Web GUI
10
Workflow4: To rerun a Smartport macro after it has failed, perform the following steps:
STEP 1 In the Interface Settings page, select an interface with Smartport Type Unknown. STEP 2 Click Show Diagnostics to see the problem. STEP 3 Troubleshoot, then correct the problem. See the troubleshooting tip below. STEP 4 Click Edit. A new window will open in which you can click Reset to reset the
interface.
STEP 5 Reapply the Smartport Macro to the interface.
A second method of reseting single or multiple unknown interfaces is:

STEP 1 In the Interface Settings page, select the Port Type equals to checkbox. STEP 2 Select Unknown and click Go. STEP 3 Click Reset All Unknown Smartports.
TIP
This problem could be a configuration on the interface prior to applying the macro most often encountered with security and storm-control settings, a typo or incorrect command within the user-defined macro, or an invalid parameter setting. Parameters are checked for neither type nor boundary prior to the attempt to apply the macro, therefore, an incorrect or invalid input to a parameter value will almost assuredly cause failure when applying the macro.
Web GUI
The Smartport feature is configured in the Smartport > Properties, Smartport Type Settings and Interface Settings pages. For Voice VLAN configuration, see the Voice VLAN section. For LLDP/CDP configuration, see the Configuring LLDP and Configuring CDP sections, respectively.
137
Smartports
Web GUI
10
Properties
To configure the Smartport feature globally:
STEP 1 Click Smartport > Properties. The Properties Page opens. STEP 2 Enter the parameters.
Administrative Auto SmartportSelect to globally enable or disable Auto Smartport. The following options are available: -
DisableSelect to disable Auto Smartport on the device. EnableSelect to enable Auto Smartport on the device. Enable by Voice VLAN This enables Auto Smartport but will put it in
operation only when Auto Voice VLAN is also enabled and in operation. Enable by Auto Voice VLAN is the default.
Operational Auto Smartport StatusDisplays the global status of the Auto Smartport feature. Auto Smartport Device Detection MethodSelect whether incoming CDP, LLDP, or both types of packets are used to detect the Smartport type of the attaching device(s). At least one must be checked in order for Auto Smartport to identify devices. Operational CDP StatusDisplays the operational status of CDP. Enable CDP if Auto Smartport is to detect the Smartport type based on CDP advertisement. Operational LLDP StatusDisplays the operational status of LLDP. Enable LLDP if Auto Smartport is to detect the Smartport type based on LLDP/ LLDP-MED advertisement. Auto Smartport Device DetectionSelect each type of device for which Auto Smartport can assign Smartport types to interfaces. If unchecked, Auto Smartport will not assign that Smartport type to any interface.
STEP 3 Click Apply. This sets the global Smartport parameters on the switch.
Smartport Type Settings

Use the Smartport Type Settings page to edit the Smartport Type settings and view the Macro Source.
138
Smartports
Web GUI
10
By default, each Smartport type is associated with a pair of built-in Smartport macros. See the Smartport Types page for further information on macro versus anti-macro. Alternatively, you can associate your own pair of user-defined macros with customized configurations to a Smartport type. User-defined macros can be prepared only through CLI. You should refer to the CLI reference guide for details. Built-in or user-defined macros can have parameters. The built-in macros have up to three parameters. Editing these parameters for the Smartport types applied by Auto Smartport from the Smartport Type Settings page configures the default values for these parameters. These defaults will be used by Auto Smartport.
NOTE Changes to Auto Smartport types will cause the new settings to be applied to
interfaces which have already been assigned that type by Auto Smartport. In this case, binding an invalid macro or setting an invalid default parameter value will cause all ports of this Smartport type to become unknown.
STEP 1 Click Smartport > Smartport Type Settings. The Smartport Type Settings page
opens.
STEP 2 To view the Smartport macro associated with a Smartport type, select a
Smartport type and click View Macro Source.

STEP 3 To modify the parameters of a macro or assign a user-defined macro, select a
Smartport type and click Edit. The Edit Smartport Type Settings page opens.
STEP 4 Enter the fields.
Port TypeSelect a Smartport type. Macro NameDisplays the name of the Smartport macro currently associated with the Smartport type. Macro Type Select whether the pair of macro and anti-macro associated with this Smartport type is built-in or user-defined. User-defined Macro If desired, select the user-defined macro that is to be associated with the selected Smartport type. The macro must have already been paired with an anti-macro. Pairing of the two macros is done by name and is described in the Smartport Macro section.
Macro ParametersYou can restore the default parameter values by clicking Restore Defaults.
139
Smartports
Web GUI
10
STEP 5 Click Apply to save the changes to the running configuration. If the Smartport
macro and/or its parameter values associated with the Smartport type are modified, Auto Smartport will automatically reapply the macro to the interfaces currently assigned with the Smartport type by Auto Smartport. Auto Smartport will not apply the changes to interfaces that were statically assigned a Smartport type.
NOTE There is no method to validate macro parameters because they do not have a type
association. Therefore, any entry is valid at this point. However, invalid parameter values may cause errors to occur when the Smartport type is assigned to an interface, applying the associated macro.
Interface Settings
Use the Interface Settings page to perform the following tasks: Statically apply a specific Smartport type to an interface with interface specific values for the macro parameters. Enable Auto Smartport on an interface. Diagnose a Smartport macro which failed upon application, and caused the Smartport type to become unknown. Reapply a Smartport macro after it fails on an interface. It is expected that the necessary corrections have been made prior to clicking Reapply. See the workflow area in Common Smartport Tasks section for troubleshooting tips. Reset unknown interfaces. Reapply a Smartport to an interface. In some circumstances, you may want to reapply a Smartport macro so that the configuration at an interface is up to date. For instance, reapplying a switch Smartport macro at a switch interface will make the interface a member of the VLANs created since the last macro application. You have to be familiar with the current configurations on the switch and the definition of the macro to determine if a reapplication has any impact on the interface.
To apply a Smartport macro:

STEP 1 Click Smartport > Interface Settings. The Interface Settings page opens. STEP 2 Reapply Smartport Macro by Smartport Types
140
Smartports
Web GUI
10
At the top of the page there is a quick apply for these four interfaces: All Switches, Routers, and Wireless Access Points All Switches All Routers All Wireless Access Points
If desired, you can reapply the associated Smartport to all the interfaces that are already assigned with Smartport type switch, router, or wireless Access Points. This step reapplies the macro to all interfaces which have been assigned to the selection in the area at the top of the page called Reapply Smartport Macro: ApplyReapply the last macro that was applied to the interface (for certain types listed in screen). This adds the interface to all newly-created VLANs.
STEP 3 Reapply Smartport Macro on selected interfaces. This step allows the user to
choose the interface on which to perform the reapplication of the the smartport macro. You do not need to perform both step 2 and step 3. Select the interface from the Interface Settings Table and click the Reapply button. This method is applicable only for interfaces of type Switch, Router, and Wireless Access Points.
STEP 4 Smartport Diagnostic
If a Smartport macro fails, the Smartport Type of the interface is Unknown. Select an interface which is of unknown type and click Show Diagnostic. This will show the command at which application of the macro failed. See the workflow area in Common Smartport Tasks section for troubleshooting tips. Proceed after correcting the problem.
STEP 5 Select an interface which is of unknown type and click Edit. The Edit Interface
Type Settings page opens. Click Reset to reset the interface to default Smartport type before applying/reapplying Auto Smartport or the desired Smartport type to the interface.
STEP 6 Click Reset All Unknown Smartports to reset all the interfaces where the
Smartport macro has failed. This will return all interfaces to the Default type. After correcting the error in the macro or on the current interface configuration or both, a new macro may be applied.
NOTE Resetting the interface of unknown type does not reset the configuration
performed by the macro that failed. This clean up must be done manually.
141
Smartports
Web GUI
10
To assign a Smartport type to an interface or activate Auto Smartport on the interface:
STEP 1 Select an interface and click Edit. The Edit Interface Settings page opens. STEP 2 Click Reset to reset the interface of an unknown type before applying Auto
Smartport or the desired Smartport type to the interface. See the note above.
STEP 3 Enter the fields.
InterfaceSelect the port or LAG. Smartport TypeDisplays the Smartport type currently assigned to the port/LAG. Smartport ApplicationSelect the Smartport type from the Smartport Application pull-down. Smartport Application Method If Auto Smartport is selected, Auto Smartport will automatically assign the Smartport type based on the CDP and/or LLDP advertisement received from the connecting devices as well as apply corresponding Smartport macro. To statically assign a Smartport type and apply the corresponding Smartport macro to the interface, select the desired Smartport type. Persistent StatusSelect to enable the Persistent status. If enabled, the association of a Smartport type to an interface remains even if the interface goes down, or the switch is rebooted. Persistent is applicable only if the Smartport Application of the interface is Auto Smartport. Enabling Persistent at an interface eliminates the device detection delay that otherwise will occur. Macro ParametersThis block displays the parameter values of the Smartport macro applied or to be applied to the interface. ResetIf an interface is in Unknown status (as a result of an unsuccessful macro application), set it to Default and reapply the last macro that was run on it.
STEP 4 Click Apply to update the changes and assign the Smartport type to the interface.
142
Smartports
Built-in Smartport Macros
10
The following describes the pair of built-in macros for each Smartport type. For each Smartport type there is a macro to configure the interface and an anti macro to remove the configuration. Macro code for the following Smartport types are provided: desktop printer guest server host ip_camera ip_phone ip_phone_desktop switch router ap
143
Smartports
10
desktop
[desktop] #interface configuration, for increased network security and reliability when connecting a desktop device, such as a PC, to a switch port. #macro description Desktop #macro keywords $native_vlan $max_hosts # #macro key description: $native_vlan: The untag VLAN which will be configured on the port # $max_hosts: The maximum number of allowed devices on the port
#Default Values are #$native_vlan = Default VLAN #$max_hosts = 10 # #the port type cannot be detected automatically # #the default mode is trunk smartport switchport trunk native vlan $native_vlan # port security max $max_hosts port security mode max-addresses port security discard trap 60 # smartport storm-control broadcast level 10 smartport storm-control include-multicast smartport storm-control broadcast enable # spanning-tree portfast # @
144
Smartports
10
no_desktop
[no_desktop] #macro description No Desktop # no smartport switchport trunk native vlan smartport switchport trunk allowed vlan remove all # no port security no port security mode no port security max # no smartport storm-control broadcast enable no smartport storm-control broadcast level no smartport storm-control include-multicast # spanning-tree portfast auto # @
145
Smartports
10
printer
[printer] #macro description printer #macro keywords $native_vlan # #macro key description: $native_vlan: The untag VLAN which will be configured on the port #Default Values are #$native_vlan = Default VLAN # #the port type cannot be detected automatically # switchport mode access switchport access vlan $native_vlan # #single host port security max 1 port security mode max-addresses port security discard trap 60 # smartport storm-control broadcast level 10 smartport storm-control include-multicast smartport storm-control broadcast enable # spanning-tree portfast # @
146
Smartports
10
no_printer
[no_printer] #macro description No printer # no switchport access vlan no switchport mode # no port security no port security mode # no smartport storm-control broadcast enable no smartport storm-control broadcast level no smartport storm-control include-multicast # spanning-tree portfast auto # @
147
Smartports
10
guest
[guest] #macro description guest #macro keywords $native_vlan # #macro key description: $native_vlan: The untag VLAN which will be configured on the port #Default Values are #$native_vlan = Default VLAN # #the port type cannot be detected automatically # switchport mode access switchport access vlan $native_vlan # #single host port security max 1 port security mode max-addresses port security discard trap 60 # smartport storm-control broadcast level 10 smartport storm-control include-multicast smartport storm-control broadcast enable # spanning-tree portfast # @
148
Smartports
10
no_guest]]
[no_guest] #macro description No guest # no switchport access vlan no switchport mode # no port security no port security mode # no smartport storm-control broadcast enable no smartport storm-control broadcast level no smartport storm-control include-multicast # spanning-tree portfast auto # @
149
Smartports
10
server
[server] #macro description server #macro keywords $native_vlan $max_hosts # #macro key description: $native_vlan: The untag VLAN which will be configured on the port # $max_hosts: The maximum number of allowed devices on the port
#Default Values are #$native_vlan = Default VLAN #$max_hosts = 10 # #the port type cannot be detected automatically # #the default mode is trunk smartport switchport trunk native vlan $native_vlan # port security max $max_hosts port security mode max-addresses port security discard trap 60 # smartport storm-control broadcast level 10 smartport storm-control broadcast enable # spanning-tree portfast # @
150
Smartports
10
no_server
[no_server] #macro description No server # no smartport switchport trunk native vlan smartport switchport trunk allowed vlan remove all # no port security no port security mode no port security max # no smartport storm-control broadcast enable no smartport storm-control broadcast level # spanning-tree portfast auto # @
151
Smartports
10
host
[host] #macro description host #macro keywords $native_vlan $max_hosts # #macro key description: $native_vlan: The untag VLAN which will be configured on the port # $max_hosts: The maximum number of allowed devices on the port
#Default Values are #$native_vlan = Default VLAN #$max_hosts = 10 # #the port type cannot be detected automatically # #the default mode is trunk smartport switchport trunk native vlan $native_vlan # port security max $max_hosts port security mode max-addresses port security discard trap 60 # smartport storm-control broadcast level 10 smartport storm-control include-multicast smartport storm-control broadcast enable # spanning-tree portfast # @
152
Smartports
10
no_host
[no_host] #macro description No host # no smartport switchport trunk native vlan smartport switchport trunk allowed vlan remove all # no port security no port security mode no port security max # no smartport storm-control broadcast enable no smartport storm-control broadcast level no smartport storm-control include-multicast # spanning-tree portfast auto # @
153
Smartports
10
ip_camera
[ip_camera] #macro description ip_camera #macro keywords $native_vlan # #macro key description: $native_vlan: The untag VLAN which will be configured on the port #Default Values are #$native_vlan = Default VLAN # switchport mode access switchport access vlan $native_vlan # #single host port security max 1 port security mode max-addresses port security discard trap 60 # smartport storm-control broadcast level 10 smartport storm-control include-multicast smartport storm-control broadcast enable # spanning-tree portfast # @
154
Smartports
10
no_ip_camera
[no_ip_camera] #macro description No ip_camera # no switchport access vlan no switchport mode # no port security no port security mode # no smartport storm-control broadcast enable no smartport storm-control broadcast level no smartport storm-control include-multicast # spanning-tree portfast auto # @
155
Smartports
10
ip_phone
[ip_phone] #macro description ip_phone #macro keywords $native_vlan $voice_vlan $max_hosts # #macro key description: $native_vlan: The untag VLAN which will be configured on the port # # $voice_vlan: The voice VLAN ID $max_hosts: The maximum number of allowed devices on the port
#Default Values are #$native_vlan = Default VLAN #$voice_vlan = 1 #$max_hosts = 10 # #the default mode is trunk smartport switchport trunk allowed vlan add $voice_vlan smartport switchport trunk native vlan $native_vlan # port security max $max_hosts port security mode max-addresses port security discard trap 60 # smartport storm-control broadcast level 10 smartport storm-control include-multicast smartport storm-control broadcast enable # spanning-tree portfast # @
156
Smartports
10
no_ip_phone
[no_ip_phone] #macro description no ip_phone #macro keywords $voice_vlan # #macro key description: $voice_vlan: The voice VLAN ID # #Default Values are #$voice_vlan = 1 # smartport switchport trunk allowed vlan remove $voice_vlan no smartport switchport trunk native vlan smartport switchport trunk allowed vlan remove all # no port security no port security mode no port security max # no smartport storm-control broadcast enable no smartport storm-control broadcast level no smartport storm-control include-multicast # spanning-tree portfast auto # @
157
Smartports
10
ip_phone_desktop
[ip_phone_desktop] #macro description ip_phone_desktop #macro keywords $native_vlan $voice_vlan $max_hosts # #macro key description: $native_vlan: The untag VLAN which will be configured on the port # # $voice_vlan: The voice VLAN ID $max_hosts: The maximum number of allowed devices on the port
#Default Values are #$native_vlan = Default VLAN #$voice_vlan = 1 #$max_hosts = 10 # #the default mode is trunk smartport switchport trunk allowed vlan add $voice_vlan smartport switchport trunk native vlan $native_vlan # port security max $max_hosts port security mode max-addresses port security discard trap 60 # smartport storm-control broadcast level 10 smartport storm-control include-multicast smartport storm-control broadcast enable # spanning-tree portfast # @
158
Smartports
10
no_ip_phone_desktop
[no_ip_phone_desktop] #macro description no ip_phone_desktop #macro keywords $voice_vlan # #macro key description: $voice_vlan: The voice VLAN ID # #Default Values are #$voice_vlan = 1 # smartport switchport trunk allowed vlan remove $voice_vlan no smartport switchport trunk native vlan smartport switchport trunk allowed vlan remove all # no port security no port security mode no port security max # no smartport storm-control broadcast enable no smartport storm-control broadcast level no smartport storm-control include-multicast # spanning-tree portfast auto # @
159
Smartports
10
switch
[switch] #macro description switch #macro keywords $native_vlan $voice_vlan # #macro key description: $native_vlan: The untag VLAN which will be configured on the port # $voice_vlan: The voice VLAN ID
#Default Values are #$native_vlan = Default VLAN #$voice_vlan = 1 # #the default mode is trunk smartport switchport trunk allowed vlan add all smartport switchport trunk native vlan $native_vlan # spanning-tree link-type point-to-point # @
160
Smartports
10
no_switch
[no_switch] #macro description No switch #macro keywords $voice_vlan # #macro key description: $voice_vlan: The voice VLAN ID # no smartport switchport trunk native vlan smartport switchport trunk allowed vlan remove all # no spanning-tree link-type # @
161
Smartports
10
router
[router] #macro description router #macro keywords $native_vlan $voice_vlan # #macro key description: $native_vlan: The untag VLAN which will be configured on the port # # #Default Values are #$native_vlan = Default VLAN #$voice_vlan = 1 # #the default mode is trunk smartport switchport trunk allowed vlan add all smartport switchport trunk native vlan $native_vlan # smartport storm-control broadcast level 10 smartport storm-control broadcast enable # spanning-tree link-type point-to-point # @ $voice_vlan: The voice VLAN ID
162
Smartports
10
no_router
[no_router] #macro description No router #macro keywords $voice_vlan # #macro key description: $voice_vlan: The voice VLAN ID # no smartport switchport trunk native vlan smartport switchport trunk allowed vlan remove all # no smartport storm-control broadcast enable no smartport storm-control broadcast level # no spanning-tree link-type # @
163
Smartports
10
ap
[ap] #macro description ap #macro keywords $native_vlan $voice_vlan # #macro key description: $native_vlan: The untag VLAN which will be configured on the port # # #Default Values are #$native_vlan = Default VLAN #$voice_vlan = 1 # #the default mode is trunk smartport switchport trunk allowed vlan add all smartport switchport trunk native vlan $native_vlan # spanning-tree link-type point-to-point # @ $voice_vlan: The voice VLAN ID
164
Smartports
10
no_ap
[no_ap] #macro description No ap #macro keywords $voice_vlan # #macro key description: $voice_vlan: The voice VLAN ID # no smartport switchport trunk native vlan smartport switchport trunk allowed vlan remove all # no spanning-tree link-type # @
165
11
Managing Power-over-Ethernet Devices
The Power over Ethernet (PoE) feature is only available on PoE-based devices. For a list of PoE-based devices, refer to the Switch Models section. This section describes how to use the PoE feature. It includes the following topics: PoE on the Switch Configuring PoE Properties Configuring the PoE Power, Priority, and Class
PoE on the Switch

A PoE switch is PSE (Power Sourcing Equipment) that delivers electrical power to connected PD (Powered Devices) over existing copper cables without interfering with the network traffic, updating the physical network or modifying the network infrastructure.
PoE Features
PoE provides the following features: Eliminates the need to run 110/220 V AC power to all devices on a wired LAN. Removes the necessity for placing all network devices next to power sources. Eliminates the need to deploy double cabling systems in an enterprise significantly decreasing installation costs.
166

PoE on the Switch
11
Power over Ethernet can be used in any enterprise network that deploys relatively low-powered devices connected to the Ethernet LAN, such as: IP phones Wireless access points IP gateways Audio and video remote monitoring devices
PoE Operation
PoE implements in the following stages: DetectionSends special pulses on the copper cable. When a PoE device is located at the other end, that device responds to these pulses. ClassificationNegotiation between the Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE) and the Powered Device (PD) commences after the Detection stage. During negotiation, the PD specifies its class, which is the amount of maximum power that the PD consumes. Power ConsumptionAfter the classification stage completes, the PSE provides power to the PD. If the PD supports PoE, but without classification, it is assumed to be class 0 (the maximum). If a PD tries to consume more power than permitted by the standard, the PSE stops supplying power to the port.
PoE supports two modes: Port LimitThe maximum power the switch agrees to supply is limited to the value the system administrator configures, regardless of the Classification result. Class Power LimitThe maximum power the switch agrees to supply is determined by the results of the Classification stage. This means that it is set as per the Client's request.
PoE Configuration Considerations

There are two factors to consider in the PoE feature: The amount of power that the PSE can supply The amount of power that the PD is actually attempting to consume
167

Configuring PoE Properties
11
You can decide the following: Maximum power a PSE is allowed to supply to a PD During device operation, to change the mode from Class Power Limit to Port Limit and vice versa. The power values per port that were configured for the Port Limit mode are retained. Maximum port limit allowed as a per-port numerical limit in mW (Port Limit mode). To generate a trap when a PD tries to consume too much and at what percent of the maximum power this trap is generated.
The PoE-specific hardware automatically detects the PD class and its power limit according to the class of the device connected to each specific port (Class Limit mode). If at any time during the connectivity an attached PD requires more power from the switch than the configured allocation allows (no matter if the switch is in Class Limit or Port Limit mode), the switch does the following: Maintains the up/down status of the PoE port link Turns off power delivery to the PoE port Logs the reason for turning off power Generates an SNMP trap

The PoE Properties page enables selecting either the Port Limit or Class Limit PoE mode and specifying the PoE traps to be generated. These settings are entered in advance. When the PD actually connects and is consuming power, it might consume much less than the maximum power allowed. Output power is disabled during power-on reboot, initialization, and system configuration to ensure that PDs are not damaged. To configure PoE on the switch and monitor current power usage:
STEP 1 Click Port Management > PoE > Properties. The PoE Properties page opens. STEP 2 Enter the values for the following fields:
168

11
Power ModeSelect one of the following options: -
Port LimitThe maximum power limit per each port is configured by the
user.
Class LimitThe maximum power limit per port is determined by the

class of the device, which results from the Classification stage.
TrapsEnable or disable traps. If traps are enabled, you must also enable SNMP and configure at least one SNMP Notification Recipient. Power Trap ThresholdEnter the usage threshold that is a percentage of the power limit. An alarm is initiated if the power exceeds this value.
The following counters are displayed: Nominal PowerThe total amount of power the switch can supply to all the connected PDs. Consumed PowerAmount of power currently being consumed by the PoE ports. Available PowerNominal power - the amount of consumed power.
STEP 3 Click Apply to save the PoE properties.
169

Configuring the PoE Power, Priority, and Class
11

The PoE Settings page displays system PoE information for enabling PoE on the interfaces and monitoring the current power usage and maximum power limit per port. This page limits the power per port in two ways depending on the Power Mode: Port Limit: Power is limited to a specified wattage. For these settings to be active, the system must be in PoE Port Limit mode. That mode is configured in the PoE Properties page. When the power consumed on the port exceeds the port limit, the port power is turned off. Class Limit: Power is limited based on the class of the connected PD. For these settings to be active, the system must be in PoE Class Limit mode. That mode is configured in the PoE Properties page. When the power consumed on the port exceeds the class limit, the port power is turned off. In some cases, the switch does not have enough power to supply all ports with their allowed power at once. To resolve this problem, assign both limits and priorities to the ports. For example, 15.4W is allowed on all 48 ports, but only 24 ports can be supplied at one time due to power limits. In this case, the priority determines which ports receive power and which ports do not even though no port is above the limit and they all have PDs connected. These priorities are entered in the PoE Settings page. See the Smart Switch Models table for a description of the switch models that support PoE and the maximum power that can be allocated to PoE ports. To configure PoE port settings:
STEP 1 Click Port Management > PoE > Settings (Port Limit). The PoE Settings page
opens.
STEP 2 Select a port and click Edit. The Edit PoE Settings page opens. STEP 3 Enter the value for the following field:
InterfaceSelect the port to configure. PoE Administrative StatusEnable or disable PoE on the port.
170

11
Power Priority LevelSelect the port priority: low, high, or critical, for use when the power supply is low. For example, if the power supply is running at 99% usage and port 1 is prioritized as high, but port 3 is prioritized as low, port 1 receives power and port 3 might be denied power. Administrative Power AllocationThis field is displayed only if the Power Mode set in the PoE Properties page is Port Limit. If the Power mode is Power Limit, enter the power in milliwatts allocated to the port. The range is 0 to 15,400. Max Power AllocationDisplays the maximum amount of power permitted on this port. ClassThis field is displayed only if the Power Mode set in the PoE Properties page is Class Limit. The class determines the power level:
Class 0 1 2 3 4
Maximum Power Delivered by Switch Port 15.4 watt 4.0 watt 7.0 watt 15.4 watt 15.4 watt
Power ConsumptionDisplays the amount of power in milliwatts assigned to the powered device connected to the selected interface. Overload CounterDisplays the total number of power overload occurrences. Short CounterDisplays the total number of power shortage occurrences. Denied CounterDisplays number of times the powered device was denied power. Absent CounterDisplays the number of times that power was stopped to the powered device, because the powered device was no longer detected. Invalid Signature CounterDisplays the times an invalid signature was received. Signatures are the means by which the powered device identifies itself to the PSE. Signatures are generated during powered device detection, classification, or maintenance.
171

11
STEP 4 Click Apply. The PoE settings for the port are defined and the Running
172
12
VLAN Management
This section contains the following topics: VLANs Configuring Default VLAN Settings Creating VLANs Configuring VLAN Interface Settings Defining VLAN Membership GVRP Settings VLAN Groups Voice VLAN
VLANs
A VLAN is a logical group of ports that enables devices associated with it to communicate with each other over the Ethernet MAC layer, regardless of the physical LAN segment of the bridged network to which they are connected. VLAN Description Each VLAN is configured with a unique VID (VLAN ID) with a value from 1 to 4094. A port on a device in a bridged network is a member of a VLAN if it can send data to and receive data from the VLAN. A port is an untagged member of a VLAN if all packets destined for that port into the VLAN have no VLAN tag. A port is a tagged member of a VLAN if all packets destined for that port into the VLAN have a VLAN tag. A port can be a member of one untagged VLAN and can be a member of several tagged VLANs. A port in VLAN Access mode can be part of only one VLAN. If it is in General or Trunk mode, the port can be part of one or more VLANs.
173
VLAN Management
VLANs
12
VLANs address security and scalability issues. Traffic from a VLAN stays within the VLAN, and terminates at devices in the VLAN. It also eases network configuration by logically connecting devices without physically relocating those devices. If a frame is VLAN-tagged, a four-byte VLAN tag is added to each Ethernet frame, increasing the maximum frame size from 1518 to 1522. The tag contains a VLAN ID between 1 and 4094, and a VLAN Priority Tag (VPT) between 0 and 7. See QoS Operation for details about VPT. When a frame enters a VLAN-aware device, it is classified as belonging to a VLAN, based on the four-byte VLAN tag in the frame. If there is no VLAN tag in the frame or the frame is priority-tagged only, the frame is classified to the VLAN based on the PVID (Port VLAN Identifier) configured at the ingress port where the frame is received. The frame is discarded at the ingress port if Ingress Filtering is enabled and the ingress port is not a member of the VLAN to which the packet belongs. A frame is regarded as priority-tagged only if the VID in its VLAN tag is 0. Frames belonging to a VLAN remain within the VLAN. This is achieved by sending or forwarding a frame only to egress ports that are members of the target VLAN. An egress port may be a tagged or untagged member of a VLAN. The egress port: Adds a VLAN tag to the frame if the egress port is a tagged member of the target VLAN, and the original frame does not have a VLAN tag. Removes the VLAN tag from the frame if the egress port is an untagged member of the target VLAN, and the original frame has a VLAN tag.
VLAN Roles VLANs function at Layer 2. All VLAN traffic (Unicast/Broadcast/Multicast) remains within its VLAN. Devices attached to different VLANs do not have direct connectivity to each other over the Ethernet MAC layer. Devices from different VLANs can communicate with each other only through Layer 3 routers. An IP router, for example, is required to route IP traffic between VLANs if each VLAN represents an IP subnet. The IP router might be a traditional router, where each of its interfaces connects to only one VLAN. Traffic to and from a traditional IP router must be VLAN untagged. The IP router can be a VLAN-aware router, where each of its interfaces can connect to one or more VLANs. Traffic to and from a VLAN-aware IP router can be VLAN tagged or untagged.
174
VLAN Management
VLANs
12
Adjacent VLAN-aware devices exchange VLAN information with each other by using Generic VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP). As a result, VLAN information is propagated through a bridged network. VLANs on a device can be created statically or dynamically, based on the GVRP information exchanged by devices. A VLAN can be static or dynamic (from GVRP), but not both. For more information about GVRP, refer to the GVRP Settings section. Some VLANs can have additional roles, including: QinQ QinQ provides isolation between service provider networks and customers' networks. The switch is a provider bridge that supports port-based c-tagged service interface. With QinQ, the switch adds an ID tag known as Service Tag (S-tag) to forward traffic over the network. The S-tag is used to segregate traffic between various customers, while preserving the customer VLAN tags. Customer traffic is encapsulated with an S-tag with TPID 0x8100, regardless of whether it was originally c-tagged or untagged. The S-tag allows this traffic to be treated as an aggregate within a provider bridge network, where the bridging is based on the S-tag VID (S-VID) only. The S-Tag is preserved while traffic is forwarded through the network service provider's infrastructure, and is later removed by an egress device. An additional benefit of QinQ is that there is no need to configure customers' edge devices. QinQ is enabled in the VLAN Management > Interface Settings page. Voice VLAN: For more information refer to the Voice VLAN section. Guest VLAN: Set in the Edit VLAN Authentication page. Default VLAN: For more information refer to the Configuring Default VLAN Settings section. Management VLAN (in Layer 2-mode systems): For more information refer to the Layer 2 IP Addressing section.
175
VLAN Management
Configuring Default VLAN Settings
12
VLAN Configuration Workflow To configure VLANs: 1. If required, change the default VLAN by using the Configuring Default VLAN Settings section. 2. Create the required VLANs by using the Creating VLANs section. 3. Set the desired VLAN-related configuration for ports and enable QinQ on an interface using the Configuring VLAN Interface Settings section. 4. Assign interfaces to VLANs by using the Configuring Port to VLAN section or the Configuring VLAN Membership section. 5. View the current VLAN port membership for all the interfaces in the Configuring VLAN Membership section.

When using factory default settings, the switch automatically creates VLAN 1 as the default VLAN, the default interface status of all ports is Trunk, and all ports are configured as untagged members of the default VLAN. The default VLAN has the following characteristics: It is distinct, non-static/non-dynamic, and all ports are untagged members by default. It cannot be deleted. It cannot be given a label. It cannot be used for any special role, such as unauthenticated VLAN or Voice VLAN. If a port is no longer a member of any VLAN, the switch automatically configures the port as an untagged member of the default VLAN. A port is no longer a member of a VLAN if the VLAN is deleted or the port is removed from the VLAN. RADIUS servers cannot assign the default VLAN to 802.1x supplicants by using Dynamic VLAN Assignment.
176
VLAN Management
12
When the VID of the default VLAN is changed, the switch performs the following on all the ports in the VLAN, after saving the configuration and rebooting the switch: Removes VLAN membership of the ports from the original default VLAN (possible only after reboot). Changes the PVID (Port VLAN Identifier) of the ports to the VID of the new default VLAN. The original default VLAN ID is removed from the switch. To be used, it must be recreated. Adds the ports as untagged VLAN members of the new default VLAN.
To change the default VLAN:

STEP 1 Click VLAN Management > Default VLAN Settings. The Default VLAN Settings
page opens.
STEP 2 Enter the value for the following field:
Current Default VLAN IDDisplays the current default VLAN ID. Default VLAN ID After RebootEnter a new VLAN ID to replace the default VLAN ID after reboot.
STEP 3 Click Apply. STEP 4 Click Save (in the upper-right corner of the window) and save the Running
Configuration to the Startup Configuration. The Default VLAN ID After Reset becomes the Current Default VLAN ID after you reboot the switch.
177
VLAN Management
Creating VLANs
12
You can create a VLAN, but this has no effect until the VLAN is attached to at least one port, either manually or dynamically. Ports must always belong to one or more VLANs. The Cisco Sx300 Series switch supports 256 VLANs, including the default VLAN. Each VLAN must be configured with a unique VID (VLAN ID) with a value from 1 to 4094. The switch reserves VID 4095 as the Discard VLAN. All packets classified to the Discard VLAN are discarded at ingress, and are not forwarded to a port. To create a VLAN:
Creating VLANs
STEP 1 Click VLAN Management > Create VLAN. The Create VLAN page opens.
The Create VLAN page displays the following fields for all VLANs: VLAN IDUser-defined VLAN ID. VLAN NameUser-defined VLAN name. TypeVLAN type: DynamicVLAN was dynamically created through Generic VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP). StaticVLAN is user-defined. DefaultVLAN is the default VLAN.
STEP 2 Click Add to add a new VLAN or select an existing VLAN and click Edit to modify
the VLAN parameters. The Add/Edit VLAN page opens. The page enables the creation of either a single VLAN or a range of VLANs.
STEP 3 To create a single VLAN, select the VLAN radio button, enter the VLAN ID (VID),
and optionally the VLAN Name. To create a range of VLANs, select the Range radio button, and specify the range of VLANs to be created by entering the Starting VID and Ending VID, inclusive. When using the Range function, the maximum number of VLANs you can create at one time is 100.
STEP 4 Click Apply to create the VLAN(s).
178
VLAN Management
Configuring VLAN Interface Settings
12
Configuring VLAN Interface Settings

The Interface Settings page displays and enables configuration of VLAN-related parameters for all interfaces To configure the VLAN settings:
STEP 1 Click VLAN Management > Interface Settings. The Interface Settings page
opens.
STEP 2 Select an interface type (Port or LAG), and click Go. Ports or LAGs and their VLAN
parameters are displayed.

STEP 3 To configure a Port or LAG, select it and click Edit. The Edit Interface Setting page
opens.
InterfaceSelect a Port/LAG. Interface VLAN ModeSelect the interface mode for the VLAN. The options are: GeneralThe interface can support all functions as defined in the IEEE 802.1q specification. The interface can be a tagged or untagged member of one or more VLANs. AccessThe interface is an untagged member of a single VLAN. A port configured in this mode is known as an access port. TrunkThe interface is an untagged member of one VLAN at most, and is a tagged member of zero or more VLANs. A port configured in this mode is known as a trunk port. CustomerSelecting this option places the interface in QinQ mode. This enables the user to use their own VLAN arrangements (PVID) across the provider network. The switch will be in Q-in-Q mode when it has one or more customer ports. See QinQ.
Administrative PVIDEnter the Port VLAN ID (PVID) of the VLAN to which incoming untagged and priority tagged frames are classified. The possible values are 1 to 4094.
179
VLAN Management
Defining VLAN Membership
12
Frame TypeSelect the type of frame that the interface can receive. Frames that are not of the configured frame type are discarded at ingress. These frame types are only available in General mode. Possible values are: Admit AllThe interface accepts all types of frames: untagged frames, tagged frames, and priority tagged frames. Admit Tagged OnlyThe interface accepts only tagged frames. Admit Untagged OnlyThe interface accepts only untagged and priority frames.
Ingress Filtering(Available only in General mode) Select to enable ingress filtering. When an interface is ingress filtering enabled, the interface discards all incoming frames that are classified as VLANs of which the interface is not a member. Ingress filtering can be disabled or enabled on general ports. It is always enabled on access ports and trunk ports.
STEP 5 Click Apply. The parameters are written to the Running Configuration file.

The Port to VLAN and Port VLAN Membership pages display the VLAN memberships of the ports in various presentations. You can use them to add or remove memberships to or from the VLANs. When a port is forbidden default VLAN membership, that port is not allowed membership in any other VLAN. An internal VID of 4095 is assigned to the port. To forward the packets properly, intermediate VLAN-aware devices that carry VLAN traffic along the path between end nodes must either be manually configured or must dynamically learn the VLANs and their port memberships from Generic VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP). Untagged port membership between two VLAN-aware devices with no intervening VLAN-aware devices, should be to the same VLAN. In other words, the PVID on the ports between the two devices must be the same if the ports are to send and receive untagged packets to and from the VLAN. Otherwise, traffic might leak from one VLAN to another.
180
VLAN Management
12
VLAN-tagged frames can pass through VLAN-aware or VLAN-unaware network interconnection devices. If a destination end node is VLAN-unaware, but is to receive traffic from a VLAN, then the last VLAN-aware device (if there is one), must send frames of the destination VLAN to the end node untagged. That is, the egress port that reaches the end node must be an untagged member of the VLAN.
Configuring Port to VLAN

Use the Port to VLAN page to display and configure the ports within a specific VLAN. To map ports or LAGs to a VLAN:
STEP 1 Click VLAN Management > Port to VLAN. The Port to VLAN page opens. STEP 2 Select a VLAN and the interface type (Port or LAG), and click Go to display or to
change the port characteristic with respect to the VLAN. The port mode for each port or LAG is displayed with its current port mode (Access, Trunk or General) configured from the Interface Settings page. Each port or LAG is displayed with its current registration to the VLAN.
STEP 3 Change the registration of an interface to the VLAN by selecting the desired
option from the following list: ForbiddenThe interface is not allowed to join the VLAN even from GVRP registration. When a port is not a member of any other VLAN, enabling this option on the port makes the port part of internal VLAN 4095 (a reserved VID). ExcludedThe interface is currently not a member of the VLAN. This is the default for all the ports and LAGs. The port can join the VLAN through GVRP registration. TaggedThe interface is a tagged member of the VLAN. UntaggedThe interface is an untagged member of the VLAN. Frames of the VLAN are sent untagged to the interface VLAN. PVIDSelect to set the PVID of the interface to the VID of the VLAN. PVID is a per-port setting.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The interfaces are assigned to the VLAN, and written to the Running
Configuration file.
181
VLAN Management
12
You can continue to display and/or configure port membership of another VLAN by selecting another VLAN ID.
Configuring VLAN Membership

The Port VLAN Membership page displays all ports on the device along with a list of VLANs to which each port belongs. If the port-based authentication method for an interface is 802.1x and the Administrative Port Control is Auto, then: Until the port is authenticated, it is excluded from all VLANs, except guest and unauthenticated ones. In the VLAN to Port page, the port will be marked with P. When the port is authenticated, it receives membership in the VLAN in which it was configured.
To assign a port to one or more VLANs:

STEP 1 Click VLAN Management > Port VLAN Membership. The Port VLAN
Membership page opens.

STEP 2 Select interface type (Port or LAG), and click Go. The following fields are
displayed for all interfaces of the selected type: InterfacePort/LAG ID. ModeInterface VLAN mode that was selected in the Interface Settings page. Administrative VLANsDrop-down list that displays all VLANs of which the interface might be a member. Operational VLANsDrop-down list that displays all VLANs of which the interface is currently a member. LAGIf interface selected is Port, displays the LAG in which it is a member.
STEP 3 Select a port, and click the Join VLAN button. The Join VLAN To Port page opens. STEP 4 Enter the values for the following fields:
InterfaceSelect a Port or LAG.
182
VLAN Management
GVRP Settings
12
ModeDisplays the port VLAN mode that was selected in the Interface Settings page. Select VLANTo associate a port with a VLAN(s), move the VLAN ID(s) from the left list to the right list by using the arrow buttons. The default VLAN might appear in the right list if it is tagged, but it cannot be selected. TaggingSelect one of the following tagging/PVID options: ForbiddenThe interface is not allowed to join the VLAN even from GVRP registration. When a port is not a member of any other VLAN, enabling this option on the port makes the port part of internal VLAN 4095 (a reserved VID). ExcludedThe interface is currently not a member of the VLAN. This is the default for all the ports and LAGs. The port can join the VLAN through GVRP registration. TaggedSelect whether the port is tagged. This is not relevant for Access ports. UntaggedSelect whether port is untagged. This is not relevant for Access ports. PVIDPort PVID is set to this VLAN. If the interface is in access mode or trunk mode, the switch automatically makes the interface an untagged member of the VLAN. If the interface is in general mode, you must manually configure VLAN membership.
STEP 5 Click Apply. The settings are modified and written to the Running Configuration
file.
STEP 6 To see the administrative and operational VLANs on an interface, click Details.
GVRP Settings
Adjacent VLAN-aware devices can exchange VLAN information with each other by using the Generic VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP). GVRP is based on the Generic Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP) and propagates VLAN information throughout a bridged network. Since GVRP requires support for tagging, the port must be configured in Trunk or General mode.
183
VLAN Management
GVRP Settings
12
When a port joins a VLAN by using GVRP, it is added to the VLAN as a dynamic member, unless this was expressly forbidden in the Port VLAN Membership page. If the VLAN does not exist, it is dynamically created when Dynamic VLAN creation is enabled for this port (in the GVRP Settings page). GVRP must be activated globally as well as on each port. When it is activated, it transmits and receives GARP Packet Data Units (GPDUs). VLANs that are defined but not active are not propagated. To propagate the VLAN, it must be up on at least one port. By default, GVRP is disabled globally and on ports.
Defining GVRP Settings

To define GVRP settings for an interface:
STEP 1 Click VLAN Management > GVRP Settings. The GVRP Settings page opens. STEP 2 Select GVRP Global Status to enable GVRP globally. STEP 3 Click Apply to set the global GVRP status. STEP 4 Select an interface type (Port or LAG), and click Go to display all interfaces of that
type.
STEP 5 To define GVRP settings for a port, select it, and click Edit. The Edit GVRP Setting
page opens.
InterfaceSelect the interface (Port or LAG) to be edited. GVRP StateSelect to enable GVRP on this interface. Dynamic VLAN CreationSelect to enable Dynamic VLAN Creation on this interface. GVRP RegistrationSelect to enable VLAN Registration using GVRP on this interface.
STEP 7 To define GVRP settings for a port, select it, and click Edit. The Edit GVRP Setting
page opens.
184
VLAN Management
VLAN Groups
12
InterfaceSelect the interface (Port or LAG) to be edited. GVRP StateSelect to enable GVRP on this interface. Dynamic VLAN CreationSelect to enable Dynamic VLAN Creation on this interface. GVRP RegistrationSelect to enable VLAN Registration using GVRP on this interface.
STEP 9 Click Apply. GVRP settings are modified, and written to the Running Configuration
file.
VLAN Groups
A VLAN group includes two or more distinct VLANs. VLAN groups are intended for load balancing traffic in a Layer 2 network, in order to minimize the reconfiguration of hosts on that network.
MAC-based Groups
MAC-based VLAN classification enable packets to be classified according to the packet's source MAC address. The administrator can then define MAC-to-VLAN mapping per interface. VLAN assignment can be done through several classifications, in addition to IP subnet classification. In case several classifications schemes are activated, packets would be classified to a VLAN according to the following precedence: TAG: If the packet is tagged, the VLAN would be taken from the tag. MAC-Based VLAN: VLAN is taken from the Source MAC-to-VLAN mapping of the ingress interface. Subnet-Based VLAN: VLAN is taken from the Source IP Subnet-to-VLAN mapping of the ingress interface. Protocol-Based VLAN: VLAN is taken from the (Ethernet type) Protocol-toVLAN mapping of the ingress interface. PVID: VLAN is taken from the Port default VLAN ID
185
VLAN Management
VLAN Groups
12
The user can define several MAC-based VLAN groups, which each group containing different MAC addresses. These MAC-based groups can be assigned to specific ports. MAC-based VLAN groups cannot contain overlapping ranges of MAC addresses on the same port.
Workflow
Using this feature is performed in stages: 1. Assign the MAC address to a Group ID (an identifier created by using the MAC Based Groups page). 2. For each interface, assign the VLAN group to a VLAN by using Mac Based Groups to VLAN page. (The interfaces must be in General mode.)
Assigning MAC-based VLAN Groups

This feature is only available when the switch in Layer 2 mode. To assign a MAC address to a VLAN Group:
STEP 1 Click VLAN Management > VLAN Groups > MAC Based Groups. The MAC
Based Groups page opens.

STEP 2 Click Add. The Add MAC Based Group opens. STEP 3 Enter the values for the following fields:
MAC AddressEnter a MAC address to be assigned to a VLAN group.

NOTE This MAC address cannot be assigned to any other VLAN group.
MaskEnter one of the following: HostSource host of the MAC address Prefix of the MAC address
Group IDEnter a user-created VLAN group ID number.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The MAC address is assigned to a VLAN group.
186
VLAN Management
VLAN Groups
12
Mapping VLAN Group to VLAN Per Interface
This feature is only available when the switch is in Layer 2 mode and the port is in General mode. To assign a MAC-based VLAN group to a VLAN on an interface:
STEP 1 Click VLAN Management > VLAN Groups > MAC Based Groups to VLAN. The
Mapping Group to VLAN page opens.

STEP 2 Click Add. The Add Mapping Group to VLAN opens. (The interface must be in
General mode.)
Group TypeDisplays that the group is MAC-based. InterfaceEnter an interface (Port or LAG) through which traffic is received. Group IDSelect a VLAN groups defined in the MAC Based Groups page. VLAN IDSelect the VLAN to where traffic from the VLAN group is forwarded.
NOTE The interface must be of type General.
STEP 4 Click Apply to set the mapping of the VLAN group to the VLAN. (The MAC based
VLAN does not bind the port dynamically to the MAC group VLAN; the interface to which the MAC-based VLAN is defined must be manually added to this VLAN.)
187
VLAN Management
Voice VLAN
12
In a LAN, voice devices, such as IP phones, VoIP endpoints, and voice systems are placed into the same VLAN. This VLAN is referred as the voice VLAN. If the voice devices are in different voice VLANs, IP (L3) routers are needed to provide communication. It contains the following topics: Voice VLAN Overview Configuring Voice VLAN
Voice VLAN
Voice VLAN Overview

This section contains the following topics: Dynamic Voice VLAN Modes Auto Voice VLAN, Auto Smartports, CDP, and LLDP Voice VLAN QoS Voice VLAN Constraints Voice VLAN Workflows
The following are typical voice deployment scenarios with appropriate configurations: UC3xx/UC5xx hosted: All Cisco phones and VoIP endpoints support this deployment model. For this model, the UC3xx/UC5xx, Cisco phones and VoIP endpoints reside in the same voice VLAN. The voice VLAN of UC3xx/ UC5xx defaults to VLAN 100. Third party IP PBX-hosted: Cisco SBTG CP-79xx, SPA5xx phones and SPA8800 endpoints support this deployment model. In this model, the VLAN used by the phones is determined by the network configuration. There may or may not be separate voice and data VLANs. The phones and VoIP endpoints register with an on-premise IP PBX. IP Centrex/ITSP hosted: Cisco CP-79xx, SPA5xx phones and SPA8800 endpoints support this deployment model. For this model, the VLAN used by the phones is determined by the network configuration. There may or may not be separate voice and data VLANs. The phones and VoIP endpoints register with an off-premise SIP proxy in the cloud.
188
VLAN Management
Voice VLAN
12
From a VLAN perspective, the above models operate in both VLAN-aware and VLAN-unaware environments. In the VLAN-aware environment, the voice VLAN is one of the many VLANs configured in an installation. The VLAN-unaware scenario is equivalent to a VLAN-aware environment with only one VLAN. The switch always operates as a VLAN-aware switch. The switch supports a single voice VLAN. The voice VLAN is defaulted to VLAN 1. A different voice VLAN can be manually configured. It can also be dynamically learned when Auto Voice VLAN is enabled. Ports can be manually added to the voice VLAN by using basic VLAN configuration as described in the Configuring VLAN Interface Setting section, or by manually applying voice related Smartport macro to the ports. Alternatively, they can be added dynamically if the switch is in Telephony OUI mode, or has Auto Smartports enabled.
Dynamic Voice VLAN Modes

The switch supports two dynamic voice VLAN modes. They are Telephony OUI (Organization Unique Identifier) mode and Auto Voice VLAN mode. The two modes affect how voice VLAN and/or voice VLAN port memberships are configured. The two modes are mutually exclusive to each other. Telephony OUI In Telephony OUI mode, the voice VLAN must be a manually configured VLAN, and cannot be the default VLAN. When the switch is in Telephony OUI mode and a port is manually configured as a candidate to join the voice VLAN, the switch dynamically adds the port to the voice VLAN if it receives a packet with a source MAC address matching to one of the configured telephony OUIs. An OUI is the first three bytes of an Ethernet MAC address. For more information about Telephony OUI, see the Configuring Telephony OUI section. Auto Voice VLAN In Auto Voice VLAN mode, the voice VLAN can be either the default voice VLAN, manually configured, or learned from external devices such as UC3xx/5xx and from switches that advertise voice VLAN in CDP or VSDP. VSDP is a Cisco Small Business defined protocol for voice service discovery.
189
VLAN Management
Voice VLAN
12
Unlike Telephony OUI mode that detects voice devices based on telephony OUI, Auto Voice VLAN mode depends on Auto Smartport to dynamically add the ports to the voice VLAN. Auto Smartport, if enabled, adds a port to the voice VLAN if it detects an attaching device to the port that advertises itself as a phone or media end points through CDP and/or LLDP-MED.
Voice End-Points
To have a voice VLAN work properly, the voice devices, such as Ciscos phones and VoIP endpoints, must be assigned to the voice VLAN where it sends and receives its voice traffic. Some of the possible scenarios are as follows: A phone/endpoint may be statically configured with the voice VLAN. A phone/endpoint may obtain the voice VLAN in the boot file it downloads from a TFTP server. A DHCP server may specify the boot file and the TFTP server when it assigns an IP address to the phone. A phone/endpoint may obtain the voice VLAN information from CDP and LLDP-MED advertisements it receives from their neighbor voice systems and switches.
The switch expects the attaching voice devices to send voice VLAN, tagged packets. On ports where the voice VLAN is also the native VLAN, voice VLAN untagged packets are possible.
Auto Voice VLAN, Auto Smartports, CDP, and LLDP Defaults

By factory defaults, CDP, LLDP, and LLDP-MED on the switch are enabled, auto Smartport mode is enabled, Basic QoS with trusted DSCP is enabled, and all ports are members of default VLAN 1, which is also the default Voice VLAN. In addition, Dynamic Voice VLAN mode is the default to Auto Voice VLAN with enabling based on trigger, and Auto Smartport is the default to be enabled depending on Auto Voice VLAN.
190
VLAN Management
Voice VLAN
12
Voice VLAN Triggers
When Dynamic Voice VLAN mode is Auto Voice VLAN enabled based on trigger, it means Auto Voice VLAN will become operational only if one or more triggers occur. Possible triggers are static voice VLAN configuration, voice VLAN information received in neighbor CDP advertisement, and voice VLAN information received in Voice VLAN Discovery Protocol (VSDP). If desired, an administrator can make Auto Voice VLAN mode operate immediately without waiting for a trigger. When Auto Smartport is enabled depending on Auto Voice VLAN mode, it means Auto Smartport will be enabled when Auto Voice VLAN becomes operational. If desired, an administrator can enabled Auto Smartport independent of Auto Voice VLAN.
NOTE The default configuration list here applies to switches whose firmware version
supports Auto Voice VLAN out of the box. It also applies to unconfigured switches that have been upgraded to the firmware version that supports Auto Voice VLAN.
NOTE The defaults and the voice VLAN triggers are designed to have no affect on any
installations without a voice VLAN and on switches that have already been configured. You may manually disable and enable Auto Voice VLAN and/or Auto Smartport to fit your deployment if needed.
Auto Voice VLAN

Auto Voice VLAN is responsible to maintain the voice VLAN, but depends on Auto Smartport to maintain the voice VLAN port memberships. Auto Voice VLAN performs the following functions when it is in operation: It discovers voice VLAN information in CDP advertisements from directly connected neighbor devices. If multiple neighbor switches and/or routers, such as Cisco UC devices, are advertising their voice VLAN, the voice VLAN from the device with the lowest MAC address is used.
NOTE If connecting the switch to a Cisco UC device, you may need to
configure the port on the UC device using the switchport voice vlan command to ensure the UC device advertises its voice VLAN in CDP at the port.
191
VLAN Management
Voice VLAN
12
It synchronizes the voice VLAN-related parameters with other Auto Voice VLAN-enabled switches, using Voice Service Discovery Protocol (VSDP). The switch always configures itself with the voice VLAN from the highest priority source it is aware of. The priority is based on the source type and MAC address of the source providing the voice VLAN information. Source type priority from high to low are static VLAN configuration, CDP advertisement, and default configuration based on changed default VLAN, and default voice VLAN. A numeric low MAC address is of higher priority than a numeric high MAC address. It maintains the voice VLAN until a new voice VLAN from a higher priority source is discovered or until the Auto Voice VLAN is restarted by the administrator. When restarted, the switch resets the voice VLAN to the default voice VLAN and restarts the Auto Voice VLAN discovery. When a new voice VLAN is configured/discovered, the switch automatically creates it, and replaces all the port memberships of the existing voice VLAN to the new voice VLAN. This may interrupt or terminate existing voice sessions, which is expected when network topology is altered.
NOTE If the switch is in Layer 2 mode, it can synchronize with only VSDP
capable switches in the same management VLAN. If the switch is in layer 3 mode, it can synchronize with VSDP capable switches that are in the directly-connected IP subnets configured at the switch. Auto Smartport works with CDP/LLDP to maintain the port memberships of the voice VLAN when voice end-points are detected from the ports: When CDP and LLDP are enabled, the switch sends out CDP and LLDP packets periodically to advertise the voice VLAN to the voice endpoints to use. When a device attaching to a port advertises itself as a voice endpoint through CDP and/or LLDP, the Auto Smartport automatically adds the port to the voice VLAN by applying the corresponding Smartport macro to the port (if there is no other devices from the port advertising a conflicting or superior capability). If a device advertises itself as a phone, the default Smartport macro is phone. If a device advertises itself as a phone and host or phone and bridge, the default Smartport macro is phone+desktop.
192
VLAN Management
Voice VLAN
12
Voice VLAN QoS
Voice VLAN can propagate the CoS/802.1p and DSCP settings by using LLDPMED Network policies. The LLDP-MED is set by default to response with the Voice QoS setting if an appliance sends LLDP-MED packets. MED-supported devices should send their voice traffic with the same CoS/802.1p and DSCP values, as received with the LLDP-MED response. The user can disable the automatic update between Voice VLAN and LLDP-MED and use his own network policies. Working with the OUI mode, the switch can additionally configure the mapping and remarking (CoS/802.1p) of the voice traffic based on the OUI. By default, all interfaces are CoS/802.1p trusted. The switch applies the quality of service based on the CoS/802.1p value found in the voice stream. In Auto Voice VLAN, an user can override the value of the voice streams using advanced QoS. For Telephony OUI voice streams, the user can override the quality of service and optionally remark the 802.1p of the voice streams by specifying the desired CoS/ 802.1p values and using the remarking option under Telephony OUI.
Voice VLAN Constraints

The following constraints exist: Only one Voice VLAN is supported. A VLAN that is defined as a Voice VLAN cannot be removed
In addition the following constraints are applicable for Telephony OUI: The Voice VLAN cannot be VLAN1 (the default VLAN). The Voice VLAN cannot be Smartport enabled. The Voice VLAN cannot support DVA (Dynamic VLAN assignment). A new VLAN ID can be configured for the Voice VLAN only if the current Voice VLAN does not have candidate ports. The Voice VLAN cannot be the Guest VLAN if the voice VLAN mode is OUI. If the voice VLAN mode is Auto, then the Voice VLAN can be the Guest VLAN. The interface VLAN of a candidate port must be in General or Trunk mode. The Voice VLAN QoS decision has priority over any other QoS decision, except for the Policy/ACL QoS decision.
193
VLAN Management
Voice VLAN
12
The Voice VLAN QoS is applied to candidate ports that have joined the Voice VLAN, and to static ports. The voice flow is accepted if the MAC address can be learned by the Forwarding Database (FDB). (If there is no free space in FDB, no action occurs).
Voice VLAN Workflows

The switch default configuration on Auto Voice VLAN, Auto Smartports, CDP, and LLDP cover most common voice deployment scenarios. This section describes how to deploy voice VLAN when the default configuration does not apply.
Workflow1: To configure Auto Voice VLAN:

STEP 1 Open the VLAN Management > Voice VLAN > Properties page. STEP 2 Select the Voice VLAN ID. It cannot be set to VLAN ID 1 (this step is not required for
dynamic Voice VLAN).

STEP 3 Set Dynamic Voice VLAN to Enable Auto Voice VLAN. STEP 4 Select the Auto Voice VLAN Activation method. NOTE If the device is currently in Telephony OUI mode, you must disable it
before you can configure Auto Voice Vlan

STEP 5 Click Apply. STEP 6 Configure Smartports as described in the Common Smartport Tasks section. STEP 7 Configure LLDP/CDP as described in the Configuring LLDP and Configuring
CDP sections, respectively.

STEP 8 Enable the Smartport feature on the relevant ports using the Smartport >
Interface Settings page.
Workflow2: To configure the Telephony OUI Method

STEP 1 Open the VLAN Management > Voice VLAN > Properties page. Set Dynamic
Voice VLAN to Enable Telephony OUI.

NOTE If the device is currently in Auto Voice VLAN mode, you must disable
it before you can enable Telephony OUI.

STEP 2 Configure Telephony OUI in the Telephony OUI page.
194
VLAN Management
Voice VLAN
12
Interface page.
STEP 3 Configure Telephony OUI VLAN membership for ports in the Telephony OUI
Configuring Voice VLAN

This section describes how to configure voice VLAN. It contains the following topics: Configuring Voice VLAN Properties Displaying Auto Voice VLAN Settings Configuring Telephony OUI
Configuring Voice VLAN Properties

Use the Voice VLAN Properties page for the following: View how voice VLAN is currently configured. Configure the VLAN ID of the Voice VLAN. Configure voice VLAN QoS settings. Configure the voice VLAN mode (Telephony OUI or Auto Voice VLAN). Configure how Auto Voice VLAN is triggered.
To view and configure Voice VLAN properties:

STEP 1 Click VLAN Management > Voice VLAN > Properties. The Properties page
opens. The voice VLAN settings configured on the switch are displayed in the Voice VLAN Settings (Administrative Status) block. The voice VLAN settings that are actually being applied to the voice VLAN deployment are displayed in the Voice VLAN Settings (Operational Status) block.
STEP 2 Enter values for the following fields:
Voice VLAN IDEnter the VLAN that is to be the Voice VLAN.

NOTE Changes in the voice VLAN ID, CoS/802.1p, and/or DSCP will cause
the switch to advertise the administrative voice VLAN as a static voice VLAN. If the option Auto Voice VLAN Activation triggered by external Voice VLAN is selected, then the default values need to be maintained.
195
VLAN Management
Voice VLAN
12
CoS/802.1p Select a CoS/802.1p value that will be used by LLDP-MED as a voice network policy. Refer to Administration > Discovery > LLDP > LLDP MED Network Policy for additional details. DSCPSelection of DSCP values that will be used by the LLDP-MED as a voice network policy. Refer to Administration > Discovery > LLDP > LLDP MED Network Policy for additional details. Dynamic Voice VLANSelect this field to disable or enable voice VLAN feature in one of the following ways:
Enable Auto Voice VLANEnable Dynamic Voice VLAN in Auto Voice

VLAN mode.
Enable Telephony OUIEnable Dynamic Voice VLAN in Telephony OUI

mode.
DisableDisable Auto Voice Vlan or Telephony OUI.
Auto Voice VLAN ActivationIf Auto Voice VLAN was enabled, select one of the following options to activate Auto Voice VLAN: -
ImmediateAuto Voice VLAN on the switch is to be activated and put into operation immediately if enabled. By External Voice VLAN TriggerAuto Voice VLAN on the switch is activated and put into operation only if the switch detects a device advertising the voice VLAN.
NOTE Manually re-configuring the voice VLAN ID, CoS/802.1p, and/or DSCP
from their default values will result in a static voice VLAN, which has higher priority than auto voice VLAN that was learned from external sources.
STEP 3 Click Apply. The VLAN properties are written to the Running Configuration file.
Displaying Auto Voice VLAN Settings

If Auto Voice VLAN mode is enabled, use the Auto Voice VLAN page to view the relevant global and interface parameters. You can also use this page to manually restart Auto Voice VLAN, by clicking Restart Auto Voice VLAN. After a short delay, this resets the voice VLAN to the default voice VLAN and restarts the Auto Voice VLAN discovery and synchronization process on all the switches in the LAN that are Auto Voice VLAN enabled.
196
VLAN Management
Voice VLAN
12
the Inactive state. To view Auto Voice VLAN parameters:
NOTE This will only reset the voice VLAN to the default voice vlan if the Source Type is in
STEP 1 Click VLAN Management > Voice VLAN > Auto Voice VLAN. The Auto Voice
VLAN page opens.

The operation status block on this page shows the information about the current voice VLAN and its source: Auto Voice VLAN StatusDisplays whether Auto Voice VLAN is enabled. Voice VLAN IDThe identifier of the current voice VLAN Source TypeDisplays the type of source where the voice VLAN is discovered by the root switch. CoS/802.1pDisplays CoS/802.1p values that will be used by the LLDPMED as a voice network policy. DSCPDisplays DSCP values that will be used by the LLDP-MED as a voice network policy. Root Switch MAC AddressThe MAC address of the Auto Voice VLAN root device that discovers or is configured with the voice VLAN from which the voice VLAN is learned. Switch MAC AddressBase MAC address of the switch. If the device's Switch MAC address is the Root Switch MAC Address, the device is the Auto Voice VLAN root device. Voice VLAN ID Change TimeLast time that voice VLAN was updated.
STEP 2 Click Restart Auto Voice VLAN to reset the voice VLAN to the default voice VLAN
and restart Auto Voice VLAN discovery on all the Auto-Voice-VLAN-enabled switches in the LAN. The Voice VLAN Local Table contains local voice VLAN configuration as well as any voice VLAN configuration advertised by directly connected neighbor devices: For each port the Best Local Source is indicated, as follows: YesThe switch uses this voice VLAN to synchronize with other Auto Voice VLAN-enabled switches. This voice VLAN will be the voice VLAN for the network unless a voice VLAN from a higher priority source is discovered. Only one local source is the best local source. NoThis is not the best local source.
197
VLAN Management
Voice VLAN
12
Configuring Telephony OUI
OUIs are assigned by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated (IEEE) Registration Authority. Since the number of IP phone manufacturers is limited and well-known, the known OUI values cause the relevant frames, and the port on which they are seen, to be automatically assigned to a Voice VLAN. The OUI Global table can hold up to 128 OUIs. This section contains the following topics: Adding OUIs to the Telephony OUI Table Adding Interfaces to Voice VLAN on Basis of OUIs
STEP 3 Click Refresh to refresh the information on the page
Adding OUIs to the Telephony OUI Table

Use the Telephony OUI page to configure Telephony OUI QoS properties. In addition, the Auto Membership Aging time can be configured. If the specified time period passes with no telephony activity, the port is removed from the Voice VLAN. Use the Telephony OUI page to view existing OUIs, and add new OUIs. To configure Telephony OUI and/or add a new Voice VLAN OUI:
STEP 1 Click VLAN Management > Voice VLAN > Telephony OUI. The Telephony OUI
page opens. The Telephony OUI page displays the following fields: Telephony OUI Operational StatusDisplays whether OUIs are used to identify voice traffic. CoS/802.1pSelect the CoS queue to be assigned to voice traffic. Remark CoS/802.1pSelect whether to remark egress traffic. Auto Membership Aging TimeEnter the time delay to remove a port from the voice VLAN after all of the MAC addresses of the phones detected on the ports have aged out.
STEP 2 Click Apply to update the Running Configuration of the switch with these values.
198
VLAN Management
Voice VLAN
12
The Telephony OUI table is displayed: Telephony OUIFirst six digits of the MAC address that are reserved for OUIs. DescriptionUser-assigned OUI description.
STEP 3 Click Restore OUI Defaults to delete all of the user-created OUIs, and leave only
the default OUIs in the table. To delete all the OUIs, select the top checkbox. All the OUIs are selected and can be deleted by clicking Delete. If you then click Restore, the system recovers the known OUIs.
STEP 4 To add a new OUI, click Add. The Add Telephony OUI page opens. STEP 5 Enter the values for the following fields:
Telephony OUIEnter a new OUI. DescriptionEnter an OUI name.
STEP 6 Click Apply. The OUI is added to the Telephony OUI Table.
Adding Interfaces to Voice VLAN on Basis of OUIs

The QoS attributes can be assigned per port to the voice packets in one of the following modes: AllQuality of Service (QoS) values configured to the Voice VLAN are applied to all of the incoming frames that are received on the interface and are classified to the Voice VLAN. Telephony Source MAC Address (SRC)The QoS values configured for the Voice VLAN are applied to any incoming frame that is classified to the Voice VLAN and contains an OUI in the source MAC address that matches a configured telephony OUI.
Use the Telephony OUI Interface page to add an interface to the voice VLAN on the basis of the OUI identifier and to configure the OUI QoS mode of voice VLAN.
199
VLAN Management
Voice VLAN
12
To configure Telephony OUI on an interface:
STEP 1 Click VLAN Management > Voice VLAN > Telephony OUI Interface. The
Telephony OUI Interface page opens.

The Telephony OUI Interface page displays voice VLAN OUI parameters for all interfaces.
STEP 2 To configure an interface to be a candidate port of the telephony OUI-based voice
VLAN, click Edit. The Edit Interface Settings page opens.

InterfaceSelect an interface. Telephony OUI VLAN MembershipIf enabled, the interface is a candidate port of the telephony OUI based voice VLAN. When packets that match one of the configured telephony OUI are received, the port is added to the voice VLAN. Voice VLAN QoS ModeSelect one of the following options: AllQoS attributes are applied only on all packets that are classified to the Voice VLAN. Telephony Source MAC AddressQoS attributes are applied only on packets from IP phones.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The OUI is added.
200
13
Configuring the Spanning Tree Protocol
The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) (IEEE802.1D and IEEE802.1Q) is enabled by default, set to RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) mode, and protects a Layer 2 Broadcast domain from broadcast storms by selectively setting links to standby mode to prevent loops. In standby mode, these links temporarily do not transfer user data. They are automatically re-activated when the topology changes to make it desirable to transfer user data. This section contains the following topics: STP Flavors Configuring STP Status and Global Settings Defining Spanning Tree Interface Settings Configuring Rapid Spanning Tree Settings Multiple Spanning Tree Defining MSTP Properties Mapping VLANs to a MSTP Instance Defining MSTP Instance Settings Defining MSTP Interface Settings
STP Flavors
Loops occur when alternate routes exist between hosts. Loops in an extended network can cause Layer 2 switches to forward traffic indefinitely, resulting in increased traffic and reduced network efficiency. STP provides a tree topology for any arrangement of Layer 2 switches and interconnecting links, creating a unique path between end stations on a network, eliminating loops.
201

Configuring STP Status and Global Settings
13
The switch supports the following Spanning Tree Protocol versions: Classic STP provides a single path between any two end stations, avoiding and eliminating loops. Rapid STP (RSTP) detects network topologies to provide faster convergence of the spanning tree. This is most effective when the network topology is naturally tree-structured, and therefore faster convergence might be possible. RSTP is enabled by default. Although Classic STP is guaranteed to prevent Layer 2 forwarding loops in a general network topology, there might be an unacceptable delay before convergence. This means that each bridge or switch in the network needs to decide, if it should actively forward traffic or not on each of its ports. Multiple STP (MSTP) detects Layer 2 loops, and attempts to mitigate them by preventing the involved port from transmitting traffic. Since loops exist on a per-Layer 2-domain basis, a situation can occur where there is a loop in VLAN A and no loop in VLAN B. If both VLANs are on Port X, and STP wants to mitigate the loop, it stops traffic on the entire port, including VLAN B traffic, where there is no need to stop traffic. Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) solves this problem by enabling several STP instances, so that it is possible to detect and mitigate loops separately in each instance. By associating instances to VLANs, each instance is associated with the Layer 2 domain on which it performs loop detection and mitigation. This enables a port to be stopped in one instance, such as traffic from VLAN A that is causing a loop, while traffic can remain active in another domain where no loop was seen, such as on VLAN B. MSTP provides full connectivity for packets allocated to any VLAN. MSTP is based on RSTP. In addition, MSTP transmits packets assigned to various VLANs through different multiple spanning tree (MST) regions. MST regions act as a single bridge.

The STP Status and Global Settings page contains parameters for enabling STP, RSTP, or MSTP. Use the STP Interface Settings page, RSTP Interface Settings page, and MSTP Properties page to configure each mode, respectively.
202

13
To set STP status and global settings:

STEP 1 Click Spanning Tree > STP Status and Global Settings. The STP Status and
Global Settings page displays.

Global Settings: Spanning Tree StateEnable or disable STP on the switch. STP Operation ModeSelect an STP mode. BPDU HandlingSelect how Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU) packets are managed when STP is disabled on the port or the switch. BPDUs are used to transmit spanning tree information.
FilteringFilters BPDU packets when Spanning Tree is disabled on an

interface.
FloodingFloods BPDU packets when Spanning Tree is disabled on an

interface.
Path Cost Default ValuesSelects the method used to assign default path costs to the STP ports. The default path cost assigned to an interface varies according to the selected method. -
ShortSpecifies the range 1 through 65,535 for port path costs. LongSpecifies the range 1 through 200,000,000 for port path costs.
Bridge Settings: PrioritySets the bridge priority value. After exchanging BPDUs, the device with the lowest priority becomes the Root Bridge. In the case that all bridges use the same priority, then their MAC addresses are used to determine which is the Root Bridge. The bridge priority value is provided in increments of 4096. For example, 4096, 8192, 12288, and so on. Hello TimeSet the interval in seconds that a Root Bridge waits between configuration messages. The range is 1 to 10 seconds. Max AgeSet the interval in seconds that the switch can wait without receiving a configuration message, before attempting to redefine its own configuration. Forward DelaySet the interval in seconds that a bridge remains in a learning state before forwarding packets. For more information, refer to Defining Spanning Tree Interface Settings.
203

Defining Spanning Tree Interface Settings
13
Designated Root: Bridge IDThe bridge priority concatenated with the MAC address of the switch. Root Bridge IDThe Root Bridge priority concatenated with the MAC address of the Root Bridge. Root PortThe port that offers the lowest cost path from this bridge to the Root Bridge. (This is significant when the bridge is not the root.) Root Path CostThe cost of the path from this bridge to the root. Topology Changes CountsThe total number of STP topology changes that have occurred. Last Topology ChangeThe time interval that elapsed since the last topology change occurred. The time is displayed in a days/hours/minutes/ seconds format.
STEP 3 Click Apply. The Running Configuration file is updated. with the STP Global
settings.

The STP Interface Settings page enables you to configure STP on a per-port basis, and to view the information learned by the protocol, such as the designated bridge. The configuration entered on this page is active for all flavors of the STP protocol. To configure STP on an interface:
STEP 1 Click Spanning Tree > STP Interface Settings. The STP Interface Settings page
displays.
STEP 2 Select an interface and click Edit. The Edit Interface Settings page displays. STEP 3 Enter the parameters
InterfaceSelect the port number or LAG on which Spanning Tree is configured. STPEnables or disables STP on the port.
204

13
Edge PortEnables or disables Fast Link on the port. If Fast Link mode is enabled for a port, the port state is automatically placed in the Forwarding state when the port link is up. Fast Link optimizes the STP protocol convergence. The options are: -
EnableEnables Fast Link immediately. AutoEnables Fast Link a few seconds after the interface becomes
active. This allows STP to resolve loops before enabling Fast Link.
DisableDisables Fast Link.
BPDU GuardIf enabled, when STP is disabled, the port is shut down if a BPDU message is received and an SNMP trap is generated. BPDU HandlingSelect how BPDU packets are managed when STP is disabled on the port or the switch. BPDUs are used to transmit spanning tree information. -
Use Global SettingsSelect to use the settings defined in the STP Status and Global Settings page. FilteringFilters BPDU packets when Spanning Tree is disabled on an
interface.
FloodingFloods BPDU packets when Spanning Tree is disabled on an interface.
Path CostSet the port contribution to the root path cost or use the default cost generated by the system. PrioritySet the priority value of the port. The priority value influences the port choice when a bridge has two ports connected in a loop. The priority is a value from 0 to 240, set in increments of 16. Port StateDisplays the current STP state of a port. -
DisabledSTP is currently disabled on the port. The port forwards traffic while learning MAC addresses. BlockingThe port is currently blocked, and cannot forward traffic (with
the exception of BPDU data) or learn MAC addresses.
ListeningThe port is in Listening mode. The port cannot forward traffic,

and cannot learn MAC addresses.
LearningThe port is in Learning mode. The port cannot forward traffic,

but it can learn new MAC addresses.
205

Configuring Rapid Spanning Tree Settings
13
ForwardingThe port is in Forwarding mode. The port can forward

traffic and learn new MAC addresses.
Designated Bridge IDDisplays the bridge priority and the MAC address of the designated bridge. Designated Port IDDisplays the priority and interface of the selected port. Designated CostDisplays the cost of the port participating in the STP topology. Ports with a lower cost are less likely to be blocked if STP detects loops. Forward TransitionsDisplays the number of times the port has changed from the Blocking state to Forwarding state. SpeedDisplays the speed of the port. LAGDisplays the LAG to which the port belongs. If a port is a member of a LAG, the LAG settings override the port settings.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The interface settings are modified, and the Running Configuration file
is updated.

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) detects and uses network topologies that enable a faster STP convergence without creating forwarding loops. The RSTP Interface Settings page enables you to configure RSTP per port. Any configuration that is done on this page is active when the global STP mode is set to RSTP or MSTP. To enter RSTP settings:
Global Settings page displays. Enable RSTP.

STEP 2 Click Spanning Tree > RSTP Interface Settings. The RSTP Interface Settings
page opens:
STEP 3 Select a port. (Activate Protocol Migration is only available after selecting the port
connected to the bridge partner being tested.)
206

13
STEP 4 If a link partner is discovered by using STP, click Activate Protocol Migration to
run a Protocol Migration test. This discovers whether the link partner using STP still exists, and if so whether it has migrated to RSTP or MSTP. If it still exists as an STP link, the device continues to communicate with it by using STP. Otherwise, if it has been migrated to RSTP or MSTP, the device communicates with it using RSTP or MSTP, respectively.
STEP 5 Select an interface, and click Edit. The Edit Rapid Spanning Tree page displays. STEP 6 Enter the parameters
InterfaceSet the interface, and specify the port or LAG where RSTP is to be configured. Point to Point Administrative StatusDefine the point-to-point link status. Ports defined as Full Duplex are considered Point-to-Point port links. -
EnableThis port is a RSTP edge port when this feature is enabled, and brings it to Forwarding mode quickly (usually within 2 seconds). DisableThe port is not considered point-to-point for RSTP purposes,
which means that STP works on it at regular speed, as opposed to rapid speed.
AutoAutomatically determines switch status by using RSTP BPDUs.
Point to Point Operational StatusDisplays the Point-to-Point operating status if the Point to Point Administrative Status is set to Auto. RoleDisplays the role of the port that has been assigned by STP to provide STP paths. The possible roles are: -
RootLowest cost path to forward packets to the Root Bridge. DesignatedThe interface through which the bridge is connected to the
LAN, that provides the lowest cost path from the LAN to the Root Bridge.
AlternateProvides an alternate path to the Root Bridge from the root interface. BackupProvides a backup path to the designated port path toward the
Spanning Tree leaves. Backup ports occur when two ports are connected in a loop by a point-to-point link. Backup ports also occur when a LAN has two or more connections connected to a shared segment.
DisabledThe port is not participating in Spanning Tree.
ModeDisplays the current Spanning Tree mode: Classic STP or RSTP.
207

Multiple Spanning Tree
13
Fast Link Operational StatusDisplays whether the Fast Link (Edge Port) is enabled, disabled, or automatic for the interface. The values are: -
EnabledFast Link is enabled. DisabledFast Link is disabled. AutoFast Link mode is enabled a few seconds after the interface
becomes active.
Port StatusDisplays the RSTP status on the specific port. -
DisabledSTP is currently disabled on the port. BlockingThe port is currently blocked, and it cannot forward traffic or
learn MAC addresses.
ListeningThe port is in Listening mode. The port cannot forward traffic,

and cannot learn MAC addresses.
LearningThe port is in Learning mode. The port cannot forward traffic,

however it can learn new MAC addresses.
ForwardingThe port is in Forwarding mode. The port can forward traffic and learn new MAC addresses.
Multiple Spanning Tree

Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) provides solutions to various load balancing scenarios. For example, while port A is blocked in one STP instance, the same port can be placed in the Forwarding State in another STP instance. The MSTP Properties page contains information for defining global MSTP.
MSTP Workflow
To configure MSTP perform the following: 1. Set the STP Operation Mode to MSTP as described in the Configuring STP Status and Global Settings section. 2. Define MSTP Instances. Each MST instance calculates and builds a loop free topology to bridge packets from the VLANs that map to the instance. Refer to the Mapping VLANs to a MST Instance section.
208

Defining MSTP Properties
13
3. Associate these MTP instances to VLAN(s), deciding which MSTP instance will be active in what VLAN. 4. Configure the MSTP attributes by: Defining MSTP Properties Defining MSTP Instance Settings Mapping VLANs to a MSTP Instance
Defining MSTP Properties

The global Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) configures a separate Spanning Tree for each VLAN group and blocks all but one of the possible alternate paths within each Spanning Tree. MSTP allows formation of MST regions that can run multiple MST instances (MSTI). Multiple regions and other STP bridges are interconnected using one single common spanning tree (CST). MSTP is fully compatible with RSTP bridges, in that an MSTP BPDU can be interpreted by an RSTP bridge as an RSTP BPDU. This not only allows compatibility with RSTP bridges without configuration changes, but also causes any RSTP bridges outside of an MSTP region to see the region as a single RSTP bridge, regardless of the number of MSTP bridges inside the region itself. For two or more switches to be in the same MST region, they must have the same VLANs to MST instance mapping, the same configuration revision number, and the same region name. Switches intended to be in the same MST region are never separated by switches from another MST region. If they are separated, the region become two separate regions. This mapping can be done in the VLAN to MST Instance page. Configuration on this page applies if the system STP mode is MSTP. To define MSTP:
Global Settings page displays. Enable MSTP.

STEP 2 Click Spanning Tree > MSTP Properties. The MSTP Properties page displays.
209

Mapping VLANs to a MSTP Instance
13
Region NameDefine an MSTP region name. RevisionDefine an unsigned 16-bit number that identifies the revision of the current MST configuration. The field range is from 0 to 65535. Max HopsSet the total number of hops that occur in a specific region before the BPDU is discarded. Once the BPDU is discarded, the port information is aged out. The field range is from 1 to 40. IST MasterDisplays the regions master.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The MSTP properties are defined, and the Running Configuration file
is updated.
Mapping VLANs to a MSTP Instance

The VLAN to MSTP Instance page enables you to map each VLAN to a Multiple Spanning Tree Instance (MSTI). For devices to be in the same region, they must have the same mapping of VLANs to MSTIs.
NOTE The same MSTI can be mapped with more than one VLAN, but each VLAN can only
have one MST Instance attached to it. Configuration on this page (and all of the MSTP pages) applies if the system STP mode is MSTP. Up to seven MST instances (predefined from 1-7) can be defined on Cisco Small Business 300 Series switches besides instance zero. For those VLANs that are not explicitly mapped to one of the MST instances, the switch automatically maps them to the CIST (Core and Internal Spanning Tree) instance. The CIST instance is MST instance 0. To map VLANs to MST Instances:
STEP 1 Click Spanning Tree > VLAN to MST Instance. The VLAN to MST Instance page
displays. The VLAN to MST Instance page contains the following fields: MST Instance IDAll MST instances are displayed. VLANsAll VLANs belonging to the MST instance are displayed.
210

Defining MSTP Instance Settings
13
STEP 2 To add a VLAN to an MST instance, select the MST instance, and click Edit. The
Edit MST Instance to VLAN page displays.

MST Instance IDSelect the MST instance. VLANsDefine the VLANs being mapped to this MST instance. ActionDefine whether to Add (map) or Remove the VLAN to/from the MST instance.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The MSTP VLAN mappings are defined, and the Running
Defining MSTP Instance Settings

The MSTP Instance Settings page enables you to configure and view parameters per MST instance. This is the per-instance equivalent to the Configuring STP Status and Global Settings. To enter MSTP instance settings:
STEP 1 Click Spanning Tree > MSTP Instance Settings. The MSTP Instance Settings
page displays.
Instance IDSelect an MST instance to be displayed and defined. Included VLANDisplays the VLANs mapped to the selected instance. The default mapping is that all VLANs are mapped to the common and internal spanning tree (CIST) instance (instance 0). Bridge PrioritySet the priority of this bridge for the selected MST instance. Designated Root Bridge IDDisplays the priority and MAC address of the Root Bridge for the MST instance. Root PortDisplays the root port of the selected instance. Root Path CostDisplays the root path cost of the selected instance.
211

Defining MSTP Interface Settings
13
Bridge IDDisplays the bridge priority and the MAC address of this switch for the selected instance. Remaining HopsDisplays the number of hops remaining to the next destination.
STEP 3 Click Apply. The MST Instance configuration is defined, and the Running

The MSTP Interface Settings page enables you to configure the port MSTP settings for every MST instance, and to view information that has currently been learned by the protocol, such as the designated bridge per MST instance. To configure the ports in an MST instance:
STEP 1 Click Spanning Tree > MSTP Interface Settings. The MSTP Interface Settings
page displays.
Instance equals ToSelect the MSTP instance to be configured. Interface Type equals toSelect whether to display the list of ports or LAGs.
The MSTP parameters for the interfaces on the instance are displayed.
STEP 3 Select an interface, and click Edit. The Edit Interface Settings page displays. STEP 4 Enter the parameters.
Instance IDSelect the MST instance to be configured. InterfaceSelect the interface for which the MSTI settings are to be defined. Interface PrioritySet the port priority for the specified interface. and MST instance. Path CostSet the port contribution to the root path cost or use the default value. The root path cost is the cost of the switch to the Root Bridge of the specified MST instance.
212

13
Port StateDisplays the MSTP status of the specific port on a specific MST instance. The parameters are defined as: -
DisabledSTP is currently disabled. BlockingThe port on this instance is currently blocked, and cannot
forward traffic (with the exception of BPDU data) or learn MAC addresses.
ListeningThe port on this instance is in Listening mode. The port cannot

forward traffic, and cannot learn MAC addresses.
LearningThe port on this instance is in Learning mode. The port cannot

forward traffic, but it can learn new MAC addresses.
ForwardingThe port on this instance is in Forwarding mode. The port can forward traffic and learn new MAC addresses.
Port RoleDisplays the port or LAG role, per port or LAG per instance, assigned by the MSTP algorithm to provide STP paths: -
RootForwarding packets through this interface provides the lowest

cost path to forward packets to the root device.
DesignatedThe interface through which the bridge is connected to the

LAN, that provides the lowest root path cost from the LAN to the Root Bridge for the MST instance.
AlternateThe interface provides an alternate path to the root device

from the root interface.
BackupThe interface provides a backup path to the designated port

path toward the Spanning Tree leaves. Backup ports occur when two ports are connected in a loop by a point-to-point link. Backup ports also occur when a LAN has two or more connections connected to a shared segment.
DisabledThe interface does not participate in the Spanning Tree.
ModeDisplays the current Spanning Tree mode. -
Classic STPClassic STP is enabled on the port. Rapid STPRapid STP is enabled on the port. MSTPMSTP is enabled on the port.
TypeDisplays the MST type of the port.
213

13
BoundaryA Boundary port attaches MST bridges to a LAN in an

outlying region. If the port is a boundary port, it also indicates whether the device on the other side of the link is working in RSTP or STP mode.
InternalThe port is an internal port.
Designated Bridge IDDisplays the bridge ID number that connects the link or shared LAN to the root. Designated Port IDDisplays the Port ID number on the designated bridge that connects the link or the shared LAN to the root. Designated CostDisplays the cost of the port participating in the STP topology. Ports with a lower cost are less likely to be blocked if STP detects loops. Remaining HopsDisplays the hops remaining to the next destination. Forward TransitionsDisplays the number of times the port has changed from the Forwarding state to the Blocking state.
214
14
Managing MAC Address Tables
MAC addresses are stored in the Static Address table or the Dynamic Address table, along with VLAN and port information. Static addresses are configured by the user in the Static Address table and do not age out. MAC addresses seen in packets arriving at the switch are listed in the Dynamic Address table for a period of time. If another frame with the same source MAC address does not appear on the switch before that time expires, the entry is deleted from the table. When a frame arrives on the switch, the switch searches for a MAC address that matches a static or dynamic table entry. If a match is found, the frame is marked for egress on a specific port based on the search of the tables. Frames addressed to a destination MAC address that is not found in the tables are flooded to all the ports on the relevant VLAN. These frames are called Unknown Unicast Frames. The switch supports a maximum of 8,000 static and dynamic MAC addresses. This section contains information for defining both static and dynamic MAC address tables and includes the following topics: Configuring Static MAC Addresses Dynamic MAC Addresses Defining Reserved MAC Addresses
Configuring Static MAC Addresses

Static addresses can be assigned to a specific interface and VLAN on the switch. The addresses are bound to the assigned interface. If a static address is seen on another interface, the address is ignored and it is not written to the address table. The Static Addresses page enables viewing statically-configured MAC addresses and creating new static MAC addresses.
215

Dynamic MAC Addresses
14
To define a static address:

STEP 1 Click MAC Address Tables > Static Addresses. The Static Addresses page opens.
The Static Addresses page displays the defined static addresses.

STEP 2 Click Add. The Add Static Address page opens. STEP 3 Enter the parameters.
VLAN IDSelect the VLAN ID for the port. MAC AddressEnter the interface MAC address. InterfaceSelect an interface (port or LAG) for the entry. StatusSelect how the entry is treated. The options are: PermanentThe static MAC address is never aged out of the table and if it is saved to the Startup Configuration, it is retained after rebooting. Delete on resetThe static MAC address is never aged out of the table Delete on timeoutThe MAC address is deleted when aging occurs. SecureThe MAC address is secure when the interface is in classic locked mode.
STEP 4 Click Apply. A new entry is made in the table.

The Dynamic Address Table contains the MAC addresses acquired by monitoring the source addresses of traffic entering the switch. When the destination address for inbound traffic is found in the database, the packets intended for that address are forwarded directly to the associated port. Otherwise, the traffic is flooded to all ports in the VLAN of the frame. To prevent the bridging table from overflowing and to make room for new addresses, an address is deleted from the bridging table if no traffic is received from a dynamic MAC address for a certain period. This period of time is the aging interval. This time is configured in the Dynamic Address Settings page. The dynamic addresses can be queried in the Dynamic Addresses page.
216

14
Setting Dynamic MAC Address Settings

To enter the aging interval for dynamic addresses:
STEP 1 Click MAC Address Tables > Dynamic Address Settings. The Dynamic Addresses
Setting page opens.

STEP 2 Enter Aging Time. The aging time is a value between the user-configured value
and twice that value minus 1. For example, if you entered 300 seconds, the aging time is between 300 and 599 seconds.
STEP 3 Click Apply. The Dynamic MAC Address Table is updated.
Querying Dynamic Addresses

To view all dynamic addresses or a subset:
STEP 1 Click MAC Address Tables > Dynamic Addresses. The Dynamic Addresses page
opens.
STEP 2 In the Filter block, enter the following query criteria:
VLAN IDEnter the VLAN ID for which the table is queried. MAC AddressEnter the MAC address for which the table is queried. InterfaceSelect the interface for which the table is queried. The query can search for specific ports or LAGs. Dynamic Address Table Sort KeyEnter the field by which the table is sorted. The address table can be sorted by VLAN ID, MAC address, or interface.
STEP 3 Select the preferred option for sorting the addresses table in the Dynamic
Address Sort Key. The table sort only affects the page under view. It does not sort the entire table.
STEP 4 Click Go. The Dynamic MAC Address Table is queried and the results are
displayed. Click Clear Table to delete all of the dynamic MAC addresses.
217

14

When the switch receives a frame using a Destination MAC address that belongs to a reserved range (per the IEEE standard), the frame can be discarded or bridged. The configuration can be set either by reserved MAC address or by reserved MAC address and frame type, as follows: Reserved MAC address, frame type and Ethertype for EthertnetV2 frame type Reserved MAC address, frame type and DSAP-SSAP for LLC frame type Reserved MAC address, frame type and PID for LLC-SNAP frame type
To configure an entry for a reserved MAC address:

STEP 1 Click MAC Address Tables > Reserved MAC Addresses. The Reserved MAC
Addresses page opens. This page displays the reserved MAC addresses.
STEP 2 Click Add. The Add Reserved MAC Address page opens. STEP 3 Enter the values for the following fields:
MAC AddressSelect the MAC address to be reserved. Frame TypeSelect a frame type based on the following criteria: -
Ethernet V2Applies to Ethernet V2 packets with the specific MAC

address.
LLCApplies to Logical Link Control (LLC) packets with the specific

MAC address.
LLC-SNAPApplies to Logical Link Control/Sub-Network Access

Protocol (LLC-SNAP) packets with the specific MAC address.
AllApplies to all the packets with the specific MAC Address.
ActionSelect one of the following actions to be taken upon the arriving packet that matches the selected criteria: -
DiscardDelete the packet. BridgeForward the packet to all VLAN members.
218

14
STEP 4 Click Apply. A new MAC address is reserved.
219
15
Configuring Multicast Forwarding
This section describes the Multicast Forwarding feature, and contains the following topics: Multicast Forwarding Defining Multicast Properties Adding MAC Group Address Adding IP Multicast Group Addresses Configuring IGMP Snooping MLD Snooping Querying IGMP/MLD IP Multicast Group Defining Multicast Router Ports Defining Forward All Multicast Defining Unregistered Multicast Settings
Multicast forwarding enables one-to-many information dissemination. Multicast applications are useful for dissemination of information to multiple clients, where clients do not require reception of the entire content. A typical application is a cable-TV-like service, where clients can join a channel in the middle of a transmission, and leave before it ends. The data is sent only to relevant ports. Forwarding the data only to the relevant ports conserves bandwidth and host resources on links.
220

15
For Multicast forwarding to work across IP subnets, nodes, and routers must be Multicast-capable. A Multicast-capable node must be able to: Send and receive Multicast packets. Register the Multicast addresses being listened to by the node with local routers, so that local and remote routers can route the Multicast packet to the nodes.
Typical Multicast Setup

While Multicast routers route Multicast packets between IP subnets, Multicastcapable Layer 2 switches forward Multicast packets to registered nodes within a LAN or VLAN. A typical setup involves a router that forwards the Multicast streams between private and/or public IP networks, a switch with Internet Group Membership Protocol (IGMP) snooping capabilities, or Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) snooping, and a Multicast client that wants to receive a Multicast stream. In this setup, the router sends IGMP queries periodically.
NOTE MLD for IPv6 is derived from the IGMP v2 for IPv4. Even though the description in
this section is mostly for IGMP, it also describes coverage of MLD where implied. These queries reach the switch, which in turn floods the queries to the VLAN, and also learns the port where there is a Multicast router (Mrouter). When a host receives the IGMP query message, it responds with an IGMP Join message saying that the host wants to receive a specific Multicast stream and optionally from a specific source. The switch with the IGMP snooping analyzes the Join messages, and learns that the Multicast stream the host has requested must be forwarded to this specific port. It then forwards the IGMP Join to the Mrouter only. Similarly, when the Mrouter receives an IGMP Join message, it learns the interface from which it received the Join messages that wants to receive a specific Multicast stream. The Mrouter forwards the requested Multicast stream to the interface.
Multicast Operation
In a Layer 2 Multicast service, a Layer 2 switch receives a single frame addressed to a specific Multicast address. It creates copies of the frame to be transmitted on each relevant port. When the switch is IGMP/MLD-snooping-enabled and receives a frame for a Multicast stream, it forwards the Multicast frame to all the ports that have registered to receive the Multicast stream using IGMP Join messages.
221

15
The switch can forward Multicast streams based on one of the following options: Multicast MAC Group Address IP Multicast Group Address (G) A combination of the source IP address (S) and the destination IP Multicast Group Address (G) of the Multicast packet.
One of these options can be configured per VLAN. The system maintains lists of Multicast groups for each VLAN, and this manages the Multicast information that each port should receive. The Multicast groups and their receiving ports can be configured statically or learned dynamically using IGMP or Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocols snooping.
Multicast Registration
Multicast registration is the process of listening and responding to Multicast registration protocols. The available protocols are IGMP for IPv4 and MLD for IPv6. When IGMP/MLD snooping is enabled in a switch on a VLAN, it analyzes the IGMP/ MLD packets it receives from the VLAN connected to the switch and Multicast routers in the network. When a switch learns that a host is using IGMP/MLD messages to register to receive a Multicast stream, optionally from a specific source, the switch adds the registration to its Multicast Forwarding Data Base (MFDB). IGMP/MLD snooping can effectively reduce Multicast traffic from streaming bandwidth-intensive IP applications. A switch using IGMP/MLD snooping only forwards Multicast traffic to the hosts interested in that traffic. This reduction of Multicast traffic reduces the packet processing at the switch, and also reduces the workload of the end hosts, since they do not have to receive and filter all of the Multicast traffic generated in the network. The following versions are supported: IGMP v1/v2/ v3 MLD v1/v2 A simple IGMP Snooping Querier
An IGMP Querier is required to facilitate the IGMP protocol on a given subnet. In general, a Multicast router is also an IGMP Querier. When there are multiple IGMP Queriers in a subnet, the queriers elect a single querier as the primary querier.
222

Defining Multicast Properties
15
The Sx300 can be configured to be an IGMP Querier as a backup querier, or in situation where a regular IGMP Querier does not exist. The Sx300 is not a full capability IGMP Querier. If the switch is enabled as an IGMP Querier, it starts after 60 seconds have passed with no IGMP traffic (queries) detected from a Multicast router. In the presence of other IGMP Queriers, the switch might (or might not) stop sending queries, based on the results of the standard querier selection process.
Multicast Address Properties

Multicast addresses have the following properties: Each IPv4 Multicast address is in the address range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The IPv6 Multicast address is FF00:/8. To map an IP Multicast group address to an Layer 2 Multicast address: For IPv4, this is mapped by taking the 23 low-order bits from the IPv4 address, and adding them to the 01:00:5e prefix. By standard, the upper nine bits of the IP address are ignored, and any IP addresses that only differ in the value of these upper bits are mapped to the same Layer 2 address, since the lower 23 bits that are used are identical. For example, 234.129.2.3 is mapped to a MAC Multicast group address 01:00:5e:01:02:03. Up to 32 IP Multicast group addresses can be mapped to the same Layer 2 address. For IPv6, this is mapped by taking the 32 low-order bits of the Multicast address, and adding the prefix of 33:33. For example, the IPv6 Multicast address FF00:1122:3344 is mapped to Layer 2 Multicast 33:33:11:22:33:44.

The Properties page enables you to configure the Bridge Multicast filtering status. By default, all Multicast frames are flooded to all ports of the VLAN. To selectively forward only to relevant ports and filter (drop) the Multicast on the rest of the ports, enable Bridge Multicast filtering status in the Properties page.
223

15
If filtering is enabled, Multicast frames are forwarded to a subset of the ports in the relevant VLAN as defined in the Multicast Forwarding Data Base. Multicast filtering is enforced on all traffic. By default, such traffic is flooded to all relevant ports, but you can limit forwarding to a smaller subset. A common way of representing Multicast membership is the (S,G) notation where S is the (single) source sending a Multicast stream of data, and G is the IPv4 or IPv6 group address. If a Multicast client can receive Multicast traffic from any source of a specific Multicast group, this is written as (*,G). The following are ways of forwarding Multicast frames: MAC Group AddressBased on the destination MAC address in the Ethernet frame.
NOTE As mentioned before, one or more IP Multicast group addresses
can be mapped to a MAC group address. Forwarding, based on the MAC group address, can result in an IP Multicast stream being forwarded to ports that have no receiver for the stream. IP Group AddressBased on the destination IP address of the IP packet (*,G). Source Specific IP Group AddressBased on both the destination IP address and the source IP address of the IP packet (S,G).
By selecting the forwarding mode, you can define the method used by hardware to identify Multicast flow by one of the following options: MAC Group Address, IP Group Address, or Source Specific IP Group Address. (S,G) is supported by IGMPv3 and MLDv2, while IGMPv1/2 and MLDv1 support only (*.G), which is just the group ID. The switch supports a maximum of 256 static and dynamic Multicast group addresses. To enable Multicast filtering, and select the forwarding method:
STEP 1 Click Multicast> Properties. The Properties page opens. STEP 2 Enter the parameters.
Bridge Multicast Filtering StatusSelect to enable filtering. VLAN IDSelect the VLAN ID to set its forwarding method.
224

Adding MAC Group Address
15
Forwarding Method for IPv6Set one of the following forwarding methods for IPv6 addresses: MAC Group Address, IP Group Address, or Source Specific IP Group Address. Forwarding Method for IPv4Set one of the following forwarding methods for IPv4 addresses: MAC Group Address, IP Group Address, or Source Specific IP Group Address.

The switch supports forwarding incoming Multicast traffic based on the Multicast group information. This information is derived from the IGMP/MLD packets received or as the result of manual configuration, and it is stored in the Multicast Forwarding Database (MFDB). When a frame is received from a VLAN that is configured to forward Multicast streams, based on MAC group addresses, and its destination address is a Layer 2 Multicast address, the frame is forwarded to all ports that are members of the MAC group address. The MAC Group Address page has the following functions: Query and view information from the MFDB, relating to a specific VLAN ID or a specific MAC address group. This data is acquired either dynamically through IGMP/MLD snooping or statically by manual entry. Add or delete static entries to the MFDB that provide static forwarding information, based on MAC destination addresses. Display a list of all ports/LAGs that are a member of each VLAN ID and MAC address group, and enter whether traffic is forwarded to it or not.
For viewing the forwarding information when the mode is IP Address Group or IP and Source Group, use the IP Multicast Group Address page. To define and view MAC Multicast groups:
STEP 1 Click Multicast > MAC Group Address. The MAC Group Address page opens. STEP 2 Enter the parameters.
225

15
VLAN ID Equals ToSet the VLAN ID of the group to be displayed. MAC Group Address Equals ToSet the MAC address of the Multicast group to be displayed. If no MAC Group Address is specified, the page displays all the MAC Group Addresses from the selected VLAN.
STEP 3 Click Go, and the MAC Multicast group addresses are displayed in the lower
block. Entries that were created both in this page and in the IP Multicast Group Address page are displayed. For those created in the IP Multicast Group Address page, the IP addresses are converted to MAC addresses.
STEP 4 Click Add to add a static MAC Group Address. The Add MAC Group Address
page opens.
VLAN IDDefines the VLAN ID of the new Multicast group. MAC Group AddressDefines the MAC address of the new Multicast group.
STEP 6 Click Apply, the MAC Multicast group is added, and the Running Configuration file
is updated. To configure and display the registration for the interfaces within the group, select an address, and click Details. The MAC Group Address Settings page opens. The page displays: VLAN IDThe VLAN ID of the Multicast group. MAC Group AddressThe MAC address of the group.
STEP 7 Select the port or LAG to be displayed from the Filter: Interface Type menu. STEP 8 Click Go to display the port or LAG membership. STEP 9 Select the way that each interface is associated with the Multicast group:
StaticAttaches the interface to the Multicast group as a static member. DynamicIndicates that the interface was added to the Multicast group as a result of IGMP/MLD snooping. ForbiddenSpecifies that this port is not allowed to join this group on this VLAN.
226

Adding IP Multicast Group Addresses
15
NoneSpecifies that the port is not currently a member of this Multicast group on this VLAN.
STEP 10 Click Apply, and the Running Configuration file is updated. NOTE Entries that were created in the IP Multicast Group Address page
cannot be deleted in this page (even if they are selected).

The IP Multicast Group Address page is similar to the MAC Group Address page except that Multicast groups are identified by IP addresses. The IP Multicast Group Address page enables querying and adding IP Multicast groups. To define and view IP Multicast groups:
STEP 1 Click Multicast> IP Multicast Group Address. The IP Multicast Group Address
page opens. The page displays all of the IP Multicast group addresses learned by snooping.
STEP 2 Enter the parameters required for filtering.
VLAN ID equals toDefine the VLAN ID of the group to be displayed. IP Version equals toSelect IPv6 or IPv4. IP Multicast Group Address equals toDefine the IP address of the Multicast group to be displayed. This is only relevant when the Forwarding mode is (S,G). Source IP Address equals toDefine the source IP address of the sending device. If mode is (S,G), enter the sender S. This together with the IP Group Address is the Multicast group ID (S,G) to be displayed. If mode is (*.G), enter an * to indicate that the Multicast group is only defined by destination.
STEP 3 Click Go. The results are displayed in the lower block. When Bonjour and IGMP are
enabled on switch in Layer 2 mode, the IP Multicast address of Bonjour is displayed.

STEP 4 Click Add to add a static IP Multicast Group Address. The Add IP Multicast Group
Address page opens.
227

15
VLAN IDDefines the VLAN ID of the group to be added. IP VersionSelect the IP address type. IP Multicast Group AddressDefine the IP address of the new Multicast group. Source SpecificIndicates that the entry contains a specific source, and adds the address in the IP Source Address field. If not, the entry is added as a (*,G) entry, an IP group address from any IP source. IP Source AddressDefines the source address to be included.
STEP 6 Click Apply. The IP Multicast group is added, and the device is updated. STEP 7 To configure and display the registration of an IP group address, select an address
and click Details. The IP Multicast Interface Settings page opens. The VLAN ID, IP Version, IP Multicast Group Address, and Source IP Address selected are displayed as read-only in the top of the window. You can select the filter type: Interface Type equals toSelect whether to display ports or LAGs.
STEP 8 For each interface, select its association type. The options are as follows:
StaticAttaches the interface to the Multicast group as a static member. ForbiddenSpecifies that this port is forbidden from joining this group on this VLAN. NoneIndicates that the port is not currently a member of this Multicast group on this VLAN. This is selected by default until Static or Forbidden is selected.
228

Configuring IGMP Snooping
15

To support selective Multicast forwarding (IPv4), Bridge Multicast filtering must be enabled (in the Properties page), and IGMP Snooping must be enabled globally and for each relevant VLAN (in the IGMP Snooping page). By default, a Layer 2 switch forwards Multicast frames to all ports of the relevant VLAN, essentially treating the frame as if it were a Broadcast. With IGMP Snooping the switch forwards Multicast frames to ports that have registered Multicast clients.
NOTE The switch supports IGMP Snooping only on static VLANs. It does not support
IGMP Snooping on dynamic VLANs. When IGMP Snooping is enabled globally or on a VLAN, all IGMP packets are forwarded to the CPU. The CPU analyzes the incoming packets, and determines the following: Which ports are asking to join which Multicast groups on what VLAN. Which ports are connected to Multicast routers (Mrouters) that are generating IGMP queries. Which ports are receiving PIM, DVMRP, or IGMP query protocols.
These are displayed on the IGMP Snooping page. Ports, asking to join a specific Multicast group, issue an IGMP report that specifies which group(s) the host wants to join. This results in the creation of a forwarding entry in the Multicast Forwarding Data Base. The IGMP Snooping Querier is used to support a Layer 2 Multicast domain of snooping switches in the absence of a Multicast router. For example, where Multicast content is provided by a local server, but the router (if one exists) on that network does not support Multicast. There should be only one IGMP Querier in a Layer 2 Multicast domain. The switch supports standards-based IGMP Querier election when more than one IGMP Querier is present in the domain. The speed of IGMP Querier activity should be aligned with the IGMP-snoopingenabled switches. Queries should be sent at a rate that is aligned to the snooping table aging time. If queries are sent at a rate lower than the aging time, the subscriber cannot receive the Multicast packets. This is performed in the IGMP Snooping Edit page.
229

15
To enable IGMP Snooping and identify the switch as an IGMP Snooping Querier on a VLAN:
STEP 1 Click Multicast > IGMP Snooping. The IGMP Snooping page opens. STEP 2 Enable or disable the IGMP Snooping status.
When IGMP Snooping is enabled globally, the device monitoring network traffic can determine which hosts have requested to receive Multicast traffic. The switch only performs IGMP Snooping if both IGMP snooping and Bridge Multicast filtering are enabled.
STEP 3 Select a VLAN, and click Edit. The Edit IGMP Snooping page opens.
There should be only one IGMP Querier in a network. The switch supports standards-based IGMP Querier election. Some of the values of the operational parameters of this table are sent by the elected querier. The other values are derived from the switch.
VLAN IDSelect the VLAN ID on which IGMP snooping is defined. IGMP Snooping StatusEnable or disable the monitoring of network traffic for the selected VLAN. Operational IGMP Snooping StatusDisplays the current status of the IGMP Snooping for the selected VLAN. MRouter Ports Auto LearnEnable or disable auto learning of the ports to which the Mrouter is connected. Query RobustnessEnter the Robustness Variable value to be used if this switch is the elected querier. Operational Query RobustnessDisplays the robustness variable sent by the elected querier. Query IntervalEnter the interval between the General Queries to be used if this switch is the elected querier. Operational Query IntervalThe time interval in seconds between General Queries sent by the elected querier. Query Max Response IntervalEnter the delay used to calculate the Maximum Response Code inserted into the periodic General Queries.
230

MLD Snooping
15
Operational Query Max Response IntervalDisplays the Query Max Response Interval included in the General Queries sent by the elected querier. Last Member Query CounterEnter the number of IGMP Group-Specific Queries sent before the switch assumes there are no more members for the group, if the switch is the elected querier. Operational Last Member Query CounterDisplays the operational value of the Last Member Query Counter. Last Member Query IntervalEnter the Maximum Response Delay to be used if the switch cannot read Max Response Time value from groupspecific queries sent by the elected querier. Operational Last Member Query IntervalDisplays the Last Member Query Interval sent by the elected querier. Immediate LeaveEnable Immediate Leave to decrease the time it takes to block a Multicast stream sent to a member port when an IGMP Group Leave message is received on that port. IGMP Querier StatusEnable or disable the IGMP Querier. Administrative Querier Source IP AddressSelect the source IP address of the IGMP Querier. This can be the IP address of the VLAN or it can be the management IP address. Operational Querier Source IP AddressDisplays the source IP address of the elected querier. IGMP Querier VersionSelect the IGMP version used if the switch becomes the elected querier. Select IGMPv3 if there are switches and/or Multicast routers in the VLAN that perform source-specific IP Multicast forwarding.
MLD Snooping
When IGMP/MLD snooping is enabled in a switch on a VLAN, it analyzes the IGMP/ MLD packets it receives from the VLAN connected to the switch and from the Multicast routers in the network.
231

MLD Snooping
15
When a switch learns that a host is using IGMP/MLD messages to register to receive a Multicast stream, optionally from a specific source, the switch adds the registration in its Multicast Forwarding Data Base. IGMP/MLD snooping can effectively reduce Multicast traffic from streaming bandwidth-intensive IP applications. A switch using IGMP/MLD snooping only forwards Multicast traffic to the hosts interested in that traffic. This reduction of Multicast traffic reduces the packet processing at the switch, and also reduces the workload at the end hosts, since they do not have to receive and filter all of the Multicast traffic generated in the network. The following versions are supported: IGMP v1/v2/ v3 MLD v1/v2
To support selective Multicast forwarding (IPv6), Bridge Multicast filtering must be enabled, and MLD Snooping must be enabled globally and for each relevant VLAN.
NOTE The switch supports MLD Snooping only on static VLANs. It does not support MLD
Snooping on dynamic VLANs The switch uses this feature to build Multicast membership lists. It uses the lists to forward Multicast packets only to switch ports where there are host nodes that are members of the Multicast groups. The switch does not support MLD Querier. Hosts use the MLD protocol to report their participation in Multicast sessions. The switch supports two versions of MLD snooping: MLDv1 snooping detects MLDv1 control packets, and sets up traffic bridging, based on IPv6 destination Multicast addresses. MLDv2 snooping uses MLDv2 control packets to forward traffic based on the source IPv6 address, and the destination IPv6 Multicast address.
The actual MLD version is selected by the Multicast router in the network. In an approach similar to IGMP snooping, MLD frames are snooped as they are forwarded by the switch from stations to an upstream Multicast router and vice versa. This facility enables a switch to conclude the following: On which ports stations interested in joining a specific Multicast group are located On which ports Multicast routers sending Multicast frames are located
232

MLD Snooping
15
This knowledge is used to exclude irrelevant ports (ports on which no stations have registered to receive a specific Multicast group) from the forwarding set of an incoming Multicast frame. If you enable MLD snooping in addition to the manually-configured Multicast groups, the result is a union of the Multicast groups and port memberships derived from the manual setup and the dynamic discovery by MLD snooping. Only static definitions are preserved when the system is rebooted. To enable MLD Snooping:
STEP 1 Click Multicast > MLD Snooping. The MLD Snooping page opens. STEP 2 Enable or disable MLD Snooping Status. When MLD Snooping is globally
enabled, the device monitoring network traffic can determine which hosts have requested to receive Multicast traffic. The switch performs MLD Snooping only if both MLD snooping and Bridge Multicast filtering are enabled.
STEP 3 Select a VLAN, and click Edit. The Edit MLD Snooping page opens. STEP 4 Enter the parameters.
VLAN IDSelect the VLAN ID. MLD Snooping StatusEnable or disable MLD snooping on the VLAN. The switch monitors network traffic to determine which hosts have asked to be sent Multicast traffic. The switch performs MLD snooping only when MLD snooping and Bridge Multicast filtering are both enabled Operational MLD Snooping StatusDisplays the current status of MLD Snooping for the selected VLAN. MRouter Ports Auto-LearnEnable or disable Auto Learn for the Multicast router. Query RobustnessEnter the Robustness Variable value to be used if the switch cannot read this value from messages sent by the elected querier. Operational Query RobustnessDisplays the robustness variable sent by the elected querier. Query IntervalEnter the Query Interval value to be used by the switch if the switch cannot derive the value from the messages sent by the elected querier. Operational Query IntervalThe time interval in seconds between General Queries received from the elected querier.
233

Querying IGMP/MLD IP Multicast Group
15
Query Max Response IntervalEnter Query Max Response delay to be used if the switch cannot read the Max Response Time value from General Queries sent by the elected querier. Operational Query Max Response IntervalDisplays the delay used to calculate the Maximum Response Code inserted into the General Queries. Last Member Query CounterEnter the Last Member Query Count to be used if the switch cannot derive the value from the messages sent by the elected querier. Operational Last Member Query CounterDisplays the operational value of the Last Member Query Counter. Last Member Query IntervalEnter the Maximum Response Delay to be used if the switch cannot read Max Response Time value from GroupSpecific queries sent by the elected querier. Operational Last Member Query IntervalThe Last Member Query Interval sent by the elected querier. Immediate LeaveWhen enabled, reduces the time it takes to block unnecessary MLD traffic sent to a switch port.
Querying IGMP/MLD IP Multicast Group

The IGMP/MLD IP Multicast Group page displays the IPv4 and IPv6 group address learned from IGMP/MLD messages. There might be a difference between information on this page and, for example, information displayed in the MAC Group Address page. Assuming that the system is in MAC-based groups and a port that requested to join the following Multicast groups 224.1.1.1 and 225.1.1.1, both are mapped to the same MAC Multicast address 01:00:5e:01:01:01. In this case, there is a single entry in the MAC Multicast page, but two entries on this page.
234

Defining Multicast Router Ports
15
To query for a IP Multicast group:

STEP 1 Click Multicast > IGMP/MLD IP Multicast Group. The IGMP/MLD IP Multicast
Group page opens.

STEP 2 Set the type of snooping group for which to search: IGMP or MLD. STEP 3 Enter some or all of following query filter criteria:
Group Address equals toDefines the Multicast group MAC address or IP address to query. Source Address equals toDefines the sender address to query. VLAN ID equals toDefines the VLAN ID to query.
STEP 4 Click Go. The following fields are displayed for each Multicast group:
VLANThe VLAN ID. Group AddressThe Multicast group MAC address or IP address. Source AddressThe sender address for all of the specified group ports. Included PortsThe list of destination ports for the Multicast stream. Excluded PortsThe list of ports not included in the group. Compatibility ModeThe oldest IGMP/MLD version of registration from the hosts the switch receives on the IP group address.
Defining Multicast Router Ports

A Multicast router (Mrouter) port is a port that connects to a Multicast router. The switch includes the Multicast router port(s) when it forwards the Multicast streams and IGMP/MLD registration messages. This is required so that the Multicast routers can, in turn, forward the Multicast streams and propagate the registration messages to other subnets.
235

Defining Forward All Multicast
15
To statically configure or see dynamically-detected ports connected to the Multicast router:

STEP 1 Click Multicast > Multicast Router Port. The Multicast Router Port page opens. STEP 2 Enter some or all of following query filter criteria:
VLAN ID equals toSelect the VLAN ID for the router ports that are described. IP Version equals toSelect the IP version that the Multicast router supports. Interface Type equals toSelect whether to display ports or LAGs.
STEP 3 Click Go. The interfaces matching the query criteria are displayed. STEP 4 For each port or LAG, select its association type. The options are as follows:
StaticThe port is statically configured as a Multicast router port. Dynamic(Display only) The port is dynamically configured as a Multicast router port by a MLD/IGMP query. To enable the dynamic learning of Multicast router ports, go to the Multicast > IGMP Snooping page, and the Multicast > MLD Snooping page ForbiddenThis port is not to be configured as a Multicast router port, even if IGMP or MLD queries are received on this port. If Auto Detect Mrouter Ports is enabled on this port, the configuration does not succeed. NoneThe port is not currently a Multicast router port.
STEP 5 Click Apply to update the switch.
Defining Forward All Multicast

The Forward All page enables and displays the configuration of the ports and/or LAGs that are to receive Multicast streams from a specific VLAN. This feature requires that Bridge Multicast filtering in the Properties page be enabled. If it is disabled, then all Multicast traffic is flooded to ports in the switch. You can statically (manually) configure a port to Forward All, if the devices connecting to the port do not support IGMP and/or MLD.
236

Defining Unregistered Multicast Settings
15
IGMP or MLD messages are not forwarded to ports defined as Forward All.
NOTE The configuration affects only the ports that are members of the selected VLAN.
To define Forward All Multicast:

STEP 1 Click Multicast > Forward All. The Forward All page opens. STEP 2 Define the following:
VLAN ID equals toThe VLAN ID the ports/LAGs are to be displayed. Interface Type equals toDefine whether to display ports or LAGs.
STEP 3 Click Go. The status of all ports/LAGs are displayed. STEP 4 Select the port/LAG that is to be defined as Forward All by using the following
methods: StaticThe port receives all Multicast streams. ForbiddenPorts cannot receive any Multicast streams, even if IGMP/MLD snooping designated the port to join a Multicast group. NoneThe port is not currently a Forward All port.

Multicast frames are generally forwarded to all ports in the VLAN. If IGMP/MLD Snooping is enabled, the switch learns about the existence of Multicast groups, and monitors which ports have joined which Multicast group. Multicast groups can also be statically configured. Multicast groups that were either dynamically learned or statically configured, are considered registered. The switch forwards Multicast frames (from a registered Multicast group) only to ports that are registered to that Multicast group. The Unregistered Multicast page enables handling Multicast frames that belong to groups that are not known to the switch (unregistered Multicast groups). Unregistered Multicast frames are usually forwarded to all ports on the VLAN.
237

15
You can select a port to receive or filter unregistered Multicast streams. The configuration is valid for any VLAN of which it is a member (or will be a member). This feature ensures that the customer receives only the Multicast groups requested and not others that may be transmitted in the network. To define unregistered Multicast settings:
STEP 1 Click Multicast > Unregistered Multicast. The Unregistered Multicast page
opens.
STEP 2 Define the following:
Interface Type equals toThe view as all ports or all LAGs. Port/LAGDisplays the port or LAG ID. Unregistered MulticastDisplays the forwarding status of the selected interface. The possible values are: ForwardingEnables forwarding of unregistered Multicast frames to the selected interface. FilteringEnables filtering (rejecting) of unregistered Multicast frames to the selected interface.
STEP 3 Click Apply. The settings are saved, and the Running Configuration file is updated.
238
16
Configuring IP Information
IP interface addresses can be configured manually by the user, or automatically configured by a DHCP server. This section provides information for defining the switch IP addresses. It includes the following topics: Management and IP Interfaces Defining IPv4 Static Routing Enabling ARP Proxy Defining UDP Relay DHCP Relay Configuring ARP Domain Name Systems

The switch can work in a Layer 2 mode or a Layer 3 mode. In Layer 2 mode, the switch operates as a Layer 2 VLAN-aware switch, and has no routing capabilities. In Layer 3 mode, the switch has IP routing capabilities as well as Layer 2 mode capabilities. In Layer 3 mode, the switch does not support MAC-based VLAN, Dynamic VLAN Assignment, VLAN Rate Limit, SYN Rate DoS Protection, and Advanced QoS Policers. Configuring the switch to work in either mode is done by the Console interface, described in the Console Menu Interface section of the administration guide or through the CLI, as described in the CLI Reference Guide.
239
16
NOTE Switching from one layer mode to another requires a mandatory reboot, and the
startup configuration of the switch will be deleted. The following sections describe the differences between IP addressing when the switch is in Layer 2 or Layer 3 mode.
Layer 2 IP Addressing
In Layer 2 mode, the switch has a single IP address in the management VLAN. This IP address and the default gateway can be configured manually, or by DHCP. The static IP address and default gateway for Layer 2 mode are configured on the IPv4 Interface page. In Layer 2 mode, the switch uses the default gateway, if configured, to communicate with devices that are not in the same IP subnet with the switch. By default, VLAN 1 is the management VLAN, but this can be modified. When operating in Layer 2 mode, the switch can only be reached at the configured IP address through its management VLAN. The factory default setting of the IP address configuration is DHCP. This means that the switch acts as a DHCP client, and sends out a DHCP request during boot up. If the switch receives a DHCP response from the DHCP server with an IP address, it sends Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) packets to confirm that the IP address is unique. If the ARP response shows that the IP address is in use, the switch sends a DHCPDECLINE message to the offering DHCP server, and sends another DHCPDISCOVER packet that restarts the process. If the switch does not receive a DHCP response in 60 seconds, it continues to send DHCPDISCOVER queries, and adopts the default IP address: 192.168.1.254/ 24. IP address collisions occur when the same IP address is used in the same IP subnet by more than one device. Address collisions require administrative actions on the DHCP server and/or the devices that collide with the switch. When a VLAN is configured to use dynamic IP addresses, the switch issues DHCP requests until it is assigned an IP address from a DHCP server. In Layer 2 mode, only the management VLAN can be configured with a static or dynamic IP address. In Layer 3 mode, up to 32 interfaces (ports, LAGs, and/or VLANs) on the switch can be configured with a static or dynamic IP address. The IP subnets to which these IP addresses belong are known as directly-connected/attached IP subnets.
240
16
When in Layer 2 mode, unless the switch is configured with a static IP address, it issues DHCP queries until a response is received from the DHCP server. If the IP address on the switch is changed, the switch issues gratuitous ARP packets to the corresponding VLAN to check IP address collisions. This rule also applies when the switch reverts to the default IP address. The system status LED changes to solid green when a new unique IP address is received from the DHCP server. If a static IP address has been set, the system status LED also changes to solid green. The LED flashes when the switch is acquiring an IP address and is currently using the factory default IP address 192.168.1.254. The same rules apply when a client must renew the lease, prior to its expiration date through a DHCPREQUEST message. When no statically defined or DHCP-acquired IP address is available, the default IP address is used. When the other IP addresses becomes available, the addresses are automatically used. The default IP address is always on the management VLAN.
The IP address assignment rules for the switch are as follows:
Layer 3 IP Addressing
In Layer 3 mode, the switch can have multiple IP addresses. Each IP address can be assigned to specified ports, LAGs, or VLANs. These IP addresses are configured in the IPv4 Interface page in Layer 3 mode. This provides more network flexibility than the Layer 2 mode, in which only a single IP address can be configured. Operating in Layer 3 mode, the switch can be reached at all its IP addresses from the corresponding interfaces. A predefined, default route is not provided in Layer 3 mode. To remotely manage the switch, a default route must be defined. All DHCP-assigned default gateways are stored as default routes. In addition, you can manually define default routes. This is defined in the IPv4 Static Routes page.
NOTE The switch can be switched from Layer 2 mode to Layer 3 mode only by using the
console interface. When this is done, all configuration settings are returned to their default values. For more information about the console interface, see the Console Menu Interface section. All the IP addresses configured or assigned to the switch are referred to as Management IP addresses in this guide.
16
The following sections include configuration information that is relevant to both Layer 2 and Layer 3 modes. If the pages for Layer 2 and Layer 3 are different, both versions are displayed.
Defining an IPv4 Interface in Layer 2 Mode

To manage the switch by using the web-based switch configuration utility, the IPv4 switch management IP address must be defined and known. The switch IP address can be manually configured or automatically taken from a DHCP server. To configure the IPv4 switch IP address:
STEP 1 Click Administration > Management Interface > (Layer 2) > IPv4 Interface. The
IPv4 Interface page opens.

Management VLANSelect the Management VLAN used to access the switch through telnet or the Web GUI. VLAN1 is the default Management VLAN. IP Address TypeSelect one of the following options: -
DynamicDiscover the IP address using DHCP from the management

VLAN.
StaticManually define a static IP address.
If a static IP address is used, configure the following fields. IP AddressEnter the IP address, and configure one of the following fields: MaskSelect and enter the IP address mask. Prefix LengthSelect and enter the length of the IPv4 address prefix. Administrative Default GatewaySelect User Defined and enter the default gateway IP address, or select None to remove the selected default gateway IP address from the interface. Operational Default GatewayDisplays the current default gateway status.
NOTE If the switch is not configured with a default gateway, it cannot
communicate with other devices that are not in the same IP subnet.
242
16
Renew IP Address NowThe switch dynamic IP address can be renewed any time after it is assigned by a DHCP server. Depending on your DHCP server configuration, the switch might receive a new IP address after the renewal that will cause a loss of connectivity to the web-based switch configuration utility. Auto Configuration via DHCPDisplays status of auto-configuration feature. You can configure DHCP Auto Configuration from Administration > File Management > DHCP Auto Configuration.
If a dynamic IP address is retrieved from the DHCP server, select those of the following fields that are enabled:
STEP 3 Click Apply. The IPv4 interface settings are defined, and the Running Configuration
file is updated.
Defining IPv4 Interface when the Switch is in Layer 3 Mode

The IPv4 Interface page is used when the switch is in Layer 3 mode. This mode enables configuring multiple IP addresses for switch management, and provides routing services. The IP address can be configured on a port, a LAG, or VLAN interface. Operating in Layer 3 mode, the switch routes traffic between the directly-attached IP subnets configured on the switch. The switch continues to bridge traffic between devices in the same VLAN. Additional IPv4 routes for routing to nondirectly attached subnets can be configured in the IPv4 Static Routes page.
NOTE The switch software consumes one VLAN ID (VID) for every IP
address configured on a port or LAG. The switch takes the first VID that is not used starting from 4094. To configure the IPv4 addresses:
STEP 1 Click IP Configuration > Management and IP Interface (Layer 3) > IPv4
Interface. The IPv4 Interface page opens. This page displays the following fields: InterfaceInterface for which the IP address is defined. IP Address TypeIP address defined as static or DHCP. StaticEntered manually.
243
16
DHCPReceived from DHCP server. IP AddressConfigured IP address for the interface. MaskConfigured IP address mask. StatusResults of the IP address duplication check. TentativeThere is no final result for the IP address duplication check. ValidThe IP address collision check was completed, and no IP address collision was detected. Valid-DuplicatedThe IP address duplication check was completed, and a duplicate IP address was detected. DuplicatedA duplicated IP address was detected for the default IP address. DelayedThe assignment of the IP address is delayed for 60 second if DHCP Client is enabled on startup in order to give time to discover DHCP address. Not ReceivedRelevant for DHCP Address. When a DCHP Client starts a discovery process, it assigns a dummy IP address 0.0.0.0 before the real address is obtained. This dummy address has the status of Not Received.
STEP 2 Click Add. The Add IPv4 Interface page opens. STEP 3 Select one of the following fields:
InterfaceSelect Port, LAG, or VLAN as the interface associated with this IP configuration, and select a value for the interface from the list. IP Address TypeSelect one of the following options: -
Dynamic IP AddressReceive the IP address from a DHCP server. Static IP AddressEnter the IP address.
STEP 4 If Static Address was selected, enter the IP Address for this interface. STEP 5 Enter the Network Mask or Prefix Length for this IP address.
Network MaskIP mask for this address. Prefix LengthLength of the IPv4 prefix.
244
16
STEP 6 Click Apply. The IPv4 address settings are defined, and the Running Configuration
file is updated.
Managing IPv6
The Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is a network-layer protocol for packetswitched internetworks. IPv6 was designed to replace IPv4, the predominantly deployed Internet protocol. IPv6 introduces greater flexibility in assigning IP addresses because the address size increases from 32-bit to 128-bit addresses. IPv6 addresses are written as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits, for example FE80:0000:0000:0000:0000:9C00:876A:130B. The abbreviated form, in which a group of zeroes can be left out, and replaced with '::', is also acceptable, for example, ::-FE80::9C00:876A:130B. IPv6 nodes require an intermediary mapping mechanism to communicate with other IPv6 nodes over an IPv4-only network. This mechanism, called a tunnel, enables IPv6-only hosts to reach IPv4 services, and enables isolated IPv6 hosts and networks to reach an IPv6 node over the IPv4 infrastructure. Tunneling uses the ISATAP mechanism. This protocol treats the IPv4 network as a virtual IPv6 local link, with mappings from each IPv4 address to a link local IPv6 address. The switch detects IPv6 frames by the IPv6 Ethertype.
Defining IPv6 Global Configuration

The IPv6 Global Configuration page defines the frequency of the IPv6 ICMP error messages generated by the switch. To define IPv6 global parameters:
STEP 1 In Layer 2 mode, click Administration > Management Interface (Layer 2) > IPv6
Global Configuration. In Layer 3 mode, click IP Configuration > Management and IP Interfaces (Layer 3) > IPv6 Global Configuration. The IPv6 Global Configuration page opens.
245
16
ICMPv6 Rate Limit IntervalEnter the time limit. ICMPv6 Rate Limit Bucket SizeEnter the maximum number of ICMP error message that can be sent by the switch per interval.
STEP 3 Click Apply. The IPv6 global parameters are defined, and the Running
Defining an IPv6 Interface

The IPv6 Interfaces page displays the switchs IPv6 interface parameters and enables configuring this interface. An IPv6 interface can be configured on a port, a LAG, VLAN, or ISATAP tunnel interface. The switch supports one IPv6 interface as an IPv6 end device. A tunnel interface is configured with an IPv6 address based on the settings defined in the IPv6 Tunnel page. To configure IPv6 interfaces:
Interface. In Layer 3 mode, click IP Configuration > Management and IP Interface > IPv6 Interface. The IPv6 Interface page opens. This page displays the IPv6 interfaces already configured.
STEP 2 Click Add to add a new interface on which interface IPv6 is enabled. STEP 3 The Add IPv6 Interface page opens. STEP 4 Enter the values.
IPv6 InterfaceSelect a specific port, LAG, VLAN, or ISATAP tunnel. Number of DAD AttemptsEnter the number of consecutive neighbor solicitation messages that are sent while Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) is performed on the interfaces Unicast IPv6 addresses. DAD verifies the uniqueness of a new Unicast IPv6 address before it is assigned. New addresses remain in a tentative state during DAD verification. Entering 0 in this field disables duplicate address detection processing on the specified interface. Entering 1 in this field indicates a single transmission without follow-up transmissions.
246
16
IPv6 Address Auto ConfigurationEnable automatic address configuration from the DHCP server. If enabled, the switch supports IPv6 stateless address auto configuration of site local and global IP address from the IPv6 router advertisement received on the interface. The switch does not support stateful address auto configuration. Send ICMPv6 MessagesEnable generating unreachable destination messages.
STEP 5 Click Apply to enable IPv6 processing on the selected interface. Regular IPv6
interfaces have the following addresses automatically configured: Link local address using EUI-64 format interface ID based on a devices MAC address All node link local Multicast addresses (FF02::1) Solicited-Node Multicast address (format FF02::1:FFXX:XXXX)
STEP 6 Click IPv6 Address Table to manually assign IPv6 addresses to the interface, if
required. This page is described in the Defining IPv6 Addresses section.
Defining IPv6 Addresses

To assign an IPv6 address to an IPv6 Interface:
Addresses. In Layer 3 mode, click IP Configuration > Management and IP Interfaces (Layer 3) > IPv6 Addresses. The IPv6 Addresses page opens.
STEP 2 Select an interface name, and click Go. The interface is displayed in the IPv6
Address Table.
STEP 3 Click Add. The Add IPv6 Address page opens. STEP 4 Enter values for the fields.
IPv6 InterfaceDisplays the interface where the address is automatically completed, based on the filter.
247
16
IPv6 Address TypeSelect Link Local or Global as the type of IPv6 address to add. Link LocalThe IPv6 address uniquely identifies hosts on a single network link. A link local address has a prefix of FE80, is not routable, and can be used for communication only on the local network. Only one link local address is supported. If a link local address exists on the interface, this entry replaces the address in the configuration. GlobalThe IPv6 address is a global Unicast IPV6 type that is visible and reachable from other networks.
IPv6 AddressThe switch supports one IPv6 interface. In addition to the default link local and Multicast addresses, the device also automatically adds global addresses to the interface based on the router advertisements it receives. The device supports a maximum of 128 addresses at the interface. Each address must be a valid IPv6 address that is specified in hexadecimal format by using 16-bit values separated by colons.
NOTE You cannot configure an IPv6 addresses directly on a ISATAP tunnel interface.
Prefix LengthThe length of the Global IPv6 prefix is a value from 0-128 indicating the number of the high-order contiguous bits of the address comprise the prefix (the network portion of the address). EUI-64Select to use the EUI-64 parameter to identify the interface ID portion of the Global IPv6 address by using the EUI-64 format based on a device MAC address.
248
16
Defining an IPv6 Default Router List

The IPv6 Default Router List page enables configuring and viewing the default IPv6 router addresses. This list contains the routers that are candidates to become the switch default router for non-local traffic (it may be empty). The switch randomly selects a router from the list. The switch supports one static IPv6 default router. Dynamic default routers are routers that have sent router advertisements to the switch IPv6 interface. When adding or deleting IP addresses, the following events occur: When removing an IP interface, all the default router IP addresses are removed. Dynamic IP addresses cannot be removed. An alert message is displayed after an attempt is made to insert more than a single user-defined address. An alert message is displayed when attempting to insert a non-link local type address, meaning 'fe80:'.
To define a default router:

STEP 1 In Layer 2 mode, click Administration > Management Interface > (Layer 2) >
IPv6 Default Router List. In Layer 3 mode, click IP Configuration > Management and IP Interface > IPv6 Default Router List. The IPv6 Default Router List page opens. This page displays the following fields for each default router: Default Router IPv6 AddressLink local IP address of the default router. InterfaceOutgoing IPv6 interface where the default router resides. TypeThe default router configuration that includes the following options: StaticThe default router was manually added to this table through the Add button. DynamicThe default router was dynamically configured.
249
16
StateThe default router status options are: IncompleteAddress resolution is in process. Default router has not yet responded. ReachablePositive confirmation was received within the Reachable
Time.
StalePreviously-known neighboring network is unreachable, and no action is taken to verify its reachability until it is necessary to send traffic. DelayPreviously-known neighboring network is unreachable. The device is in Delay state for a predefined Delay Time. If no confirmation is received, the state changes to Probe. ProbeNeighboring network is unavailable, and Unicast Neighbor Solicitation probes are being sent to verify the status.
STEP 2 Click Add to add a static default router. The Add Default Router page opens.
The window displays the Link Local Interface. The interface can be a port, LAG, VLAN, or tunnel.
STEP 3 Enter the static default router IP address in the Default Router IPv6 Address field. STEP 4 Click Apply. The default router is defined, and the Running Configuration file is
updated.
Configuring IPv6 Tunnels

The ISATAP (Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol) enables encapsulating IPv6 packets within IPv4 packets for transmission over IPv4 networks. To configure a tunnel, do the following: Manually enable and configure an ISATAP tunnel. Manually define an IPv6 interface for the ISATAP tunnel.
After these actions, the switch automatically configures the link local IPv6 address to the IPv6 interface.
250
16
An IPv6 link local address is assigned to the ISATAP interface. The initial IP address is assigned to the interface, which is then activated. If an ISATAP interface is active, the ISATAP router IPv4 address is resolved via DNS by using ISATAP-to-IPv4 mapping. If the ISATAP DNS record is not resolved, ISATAP host name-to-address mapping is searched in the host mapping table. When the ISATAP router IPv4 address is not resolved via the DNS process, the ISATAP IP interface remains active. The system does not have a default router for ISATAP traffic until the DNS process is resolved.
When defining ISATAP tunnels, note the following:
To configure an IPv6 Tunnel:

IPv6 Tunnel. In Layer 3 mode, click IP Configuration > Management and IP Interface > IPv6 Tunnel. The IPv6 Tunnel page opens.
Tunnel NumberDisplays the automatic tunnel router domain number. Tunnel TypeAlways displayed as ISATAP. Source IPv4 AddressDisable the ISATAP tunnel, or enable the ISATAP tunnel over an IPv4 interface. The IPv4 address of the selected IPv4 interface used to form part of the IPv6 address over the ISATAP tunnel interface. The IPv6 address has a 64-bit network prefix of fe80::, with the rest of the 64-bit formed by concatenating 0000:5EFE and the IPv4 address. -
AutoAutomatically selects the lowest IPv4 address from among all of

its configured IPv4 interfaces.
NoneDisable the ISATAP tunnel. ManualManually configure an IPv4 address. The IPv4 address
configured must be one of the IPv4 addresses at the switch IPv4 interfaces.
Tunnel Router's Domain NameA global string that represents a specific automatic tunnel router domain name. The name can either be the default name (ISATAP) or a user defined name.
251
16
Query IntervalThe number of seconds from 10-3600 between DNS queries (before the IP address of the ISATAP router is known) for this tunnel. The interval can be the default value (10 seconds) or a user defined interval. ISATAP Solicitation IntervalThe number of seconds from 10-3600 between ISATAP router solicitations messages, when there is no active ISATAP router. The interval can be the default value (10 seconds) or a user defined interval. ISATAP RobustnessUsed to calculate the interval for the DNS or router solicitation queries. The bigger the number, the more frequent the queries. The default value is 3. The range is 1-20.
NOTE The ISATAP tunnel is not operational if the underlying IPv4 interface is
not in operation.
STEP 3 Click Apply. The tunnel is defined, and the Running Configuration file is updated.
Defining IPv6 Neighbors Information

The IPv6 Neighbors page enables configuring and viewing the list of IPv6 neighbors on the IPv6 interface. The IPv6 Neighbor Table (also known as IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Cache) displays the MAC addresses of the IPv6 neighbors that are in the same IPv6 subnet as the switch. This is used to verify the reachability of this neighbor. This is the IPv6 equivalent of the IPv4 ARP Table. When the switch needs to communicate with its neighbors, the switch uses the IPv6 Neighbor Table to determine the MAC addresses based on their the IPv6 addresses. This page displays the neighbors that were automatically detected or manually configured entries. Each entry displays to which interface the neighbor is connected, the neighbors IPv6 and MAC addresses, the entry type (static or dynamic), and the state of the neighbor. To define IPv6 neighbors:
IPv6 Neighbors.
252
16
In Layer 3 mode, click IP Configuration > Management and IP Interface > IPv6 Neighbors. The IPv6 Neighbors page opens.
STEP 2 Select a Clear Table option to clear some or all of IPv6 addresses in the IPv6
Neighbors Table. Static OnlyDeletes the static IPv6 address entries. Dynamic OnlyDeletes the dynamic IPv6 address entries. All Dynamic & StaticDeletes the static and dynamic address entries IPv6 address entries.
The following fields are displayed for the neighboring interfaces: InterfaceNeighboring IPv6 interface type. IPv6 AddressIPv6 address of a neighbor. MAC AddressMAC address mapped to the specified IPv6 address. TypeNeighbor discovery cache information entry type (static or dynamic). StateSpecifies the IPv6 neighbor status. The values are: -
IncompleteAddress resolution is working. The neighbor has not yet

responded.
ReachableNeighbor is known to be reachable. StalePreviously-known neighbor is unreachable. No action is taken to

verify its reachability until traffic must be sent.
DelayPreviously-known neighbor is unreachable. The interface is in

Delay state for a predefined Delay Time. If no reachability confirmation is received, the state changes to Probe.
ProbeNeighbor is no longer known to be reachable, and Unicast

Neighbor Solicitation probes are being sent to verify the reachability.
STEP 3 To add a neighbor to be monitored, click Add. The Add IPv6 Neighbors page
opens.
InterfaceThe neighboring IPv6 interface to be added. IPv6 AddressEnter the IPv6 network address assigned to the interface. The address must be a valid IPv6 address.
253
16
MAC AddressEnter the MAC address mapped to the specified IPv6 address.
STEP 5 Click Apply. The Running Configuration file is updated. STEP 6 To change the type of an IP address from Dynamic to Static, use the Edit IPv6
Neighbors page.
Viewing IPv6 Route Tables

The IPv6 Routes page displays the IPv6 Routing Table. The table contains a single default route (IPv6 address:0) that uses the default router selected from the IPv6 Default Router List to send packets to destination devices that are not in the same IPv6 subnet as the switch. In addition to the default route, the table also contains dynamic routes that are ICMP redirect routes received from IPv6 routers by using ICMP redirect messages. This could happen when the default router the switch uses is not the router for traffic to which the IPv6 subnets that the switch wants to communicate. To view IPv6 routing entries in Layer 2 mode:
STEP 1 Click Administration > Management Interface > (Layer 2) > IPv6 Routes.
-or To view IPv6 routing entries in Layer 3 mode:

STEP 1 Click IP Configuration > Management and IP Interface > IPv6 Routes.
The IPv6 Routes page opens. This page displays the following fields: IPv6 AddressThe IPv6 subnet address. Prefix LengthIP route prefix length for the destination IPv6 subnet address. It is preceded by a forward slash. InterfaceInterface used to forward the packet. Next HopAddress where the packet is forwarded. Typically, this is the address of a neighboring router. This must be a link local address. MetricValue used for comparing this route to other routes with the same destination in the IPv6 router table. All default routes have the same value.
254
Defining IPv4 Static Routing
16
Life TimeTime period during which the packet can be sent, and resent, before being deleted. Route TypeHow the destination is attached, and the method used to obtain the entry. The following values are: -
LocalA manually configured switch IPv6 address. DynamicThe destination is indirectly attached IPv6 subnet address. The entry was obtained dynamically via the ICMP protocol.
STEP 2 Click Apply. The IPv6 route is added, and Running Configuration file is updated.
Defining IPv4 Static Routing

When the switch is in Layer 3 mode, this page enables configuring and viewing IPv4 static routes on the switch. When routing traffic, the next hop is decided based on the longest prefix match (LPM algorithm). A destination IPv4 address may match multiple routes in the IPv4 Static Route Table. The switch uses the matched route with the highest subnet mask, that is, the longest prefix match. To define an IP static route:
STEP 1 Click IP Configuration > IPv4 Static Routes (Layer 3).
The IPv4 Static Routes (Layer 3) page opens.

STEP 2 Click Add. The Add IP Static Route page opens. STEP 3 Enter values for the following fields:
Destination IP PrefixEnter the destination IP address prefix. MaskSelect and enter information for one of the following: Network MaskThe IP route prefix for the destination IP. Prefix LengthThe IP route prefix for the destination IP.
Next Hop Router IP AddressEnter the next hop IP address or IP alias on the route.
NOTE You cannot configure a static route through a directly-connected IP subnet where the switch gets its IP address from a DHCP server.
255
Enabling ARP Proxy
16
Route TypeSelect the route type. -
RejectRejects the route and stops routing to the destination network

via all gateways. This ensures that if a frame arrives with the destination IP of this route, it is dropped.
RemoteIndicates that the route is a remote path.
MetricEnter the administrative distance to the next hop. The range is 1 255.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The IP Static route is added, and Running Configuration file is
updated.
Enabling ARP Proxy

The Proxy ARP technique is used by a device on a given IP subnet to answer ARP queries for a network address that is not on that network. The ARP Proxy is aware of the traffic destination, and offers another MAC address in reply. Serving as an ARP Proxy for another host effectively directs LAN traffic destination to the host. The captured traffic is then typically routed by the Proxy to the intended destination by using another interface, or by using a tunnel. The process in which an ARP query request for a different IP address, for proxy purposes, results in the node responding with its own MAC address is sometimes referred to as publishing. This page enables configuring the status of the ARP proxy feature. After it is enabled on this page, it is enabled on all of the IP interfaces. To enable ARP Proxy on the switch:
STEP 1 Click IP Configuration > ARP Proxy (Layer 3).
The ARP Proxy (Layer 3) page opens.

STEP 2 Select ARP Proxy to enable the switch to respond to ARP requests for remotely-
located nodes with the switch MAC address.

STEP 3 Click Apply. The ARP proxy is enabled, and the Running Configuration file is
updated.
256
Defining UDP Relay
16
Defining UDP Relay

The UDP Relay feature is only available when the switch is in Layer 3 mode. Switches do not typically route IP broadcast packets between IP subnets. However, if configured, the switch can relay specific UDP Broadcast packets, received from its IPv4 interfaces, to specific destination IP addresses. To configure the relaying of UDP packets received from a specific IPv4 interface with a specific destination UDP port, add a UDP Relay:
STEP 1 Click IP Configuration > UDP Relay (Layer 3). The UDP Relay (Layer 3) page
opens.
STEP 2 Click Add. The Add UDP Relay page opens. STEP 3 Select the Source IP Interface to where the switch is to relay UDP Broadcast
packets based on a configured UDP destination port. The interface must be one of the IPv4 interfaces configured on the switch.
STEP 4 Enter the UDP Destination Port number for the packets that the switch is to relay.
Select the well-known port from the drop-down list or click the port radio button to enter the number manually.
STEP 5 Enter the Destination IP Address that receives the UDP packet relays. If this field
is 0.0.0.0, UDP packets are discarded. If this field is 255.255.255.255, UDP packets are flooded to all IP interfaces.
STEP 6 Click Apply. The UDP relay settings are defined, and the Running Configuration file
is updated.
257
DHCP Relay
16
DHCP Relay
The switch can act as a DHCP Relay agent that listens for DHCP messages, and relays them between DHCP servers and clients that reside in different VLANs or IP subnets.
DHCP Relay Description

DHCP Relay must be enabled globally and per VLAN. In Layer 2 mode, the switch can relay DHCP messages received from a VLAN to one or more configured DHCP servers. When the DHCP Relay receives a DHCP message from a station, it adds option 82 to the frame to retain the input VLAN and input port. When a response is received from a DHCP server, the feature removes option 82 from the frame, and uses the option to determine where the station is connected. In this mode, the DHCP Relay discards all DHCP frames received from stations already containing option 82. In Layer 3 mode, the switch can relay DHCP messages received from its IPv4 interfaces to one or more configured DHCP servers. The switch puts the IPv4 address into the message giaddr before relaying it to the servers. It uses the switch IPv4 address of the interface where the message is received. The switch uses the giaddr from the response to determine how to forward the response back to the DHCP client.
DHCP Relay Limitations

In Layer 2 mode, the switch inserts its own DHCP option 82 with ingress VLAN and ingress port information in the DHCP message it receives from the DHCP clients. Because of this, the DHCP servers must support DHCP option 82. The switch discards DHCP messages with option 82 that it receives from the DHCP clients. In Layer 3 mode, the feature can only be enabled on the IPv4 interfaces.
Defining DHCP Relay Properties

The Properties page enables configuring the DHCP Relay status on the switch, and the IP addresses of the DHCP server where the DHCP messages are relayed. To use this feature, it is necessary to activate the DHCP Relay on the ingress interface where the DHCP messages are to be relayed. This can be done in the DHCP Relay Interfaces page.
258
DHCP Relay
16
Option 82 inserts additional information to the packets sent from the host. The DHCP server passes the configuration information to hosts on a TCP/IP network. This permits the DHCP server to limit the address allocation to authorized hosts. DHCP with Option 82 can only be enabled if DHCP Relay is enabled. To configure the DHCP Relay feature:
STEP 1 Click IP Configuration > DHCP Relay (Layer 2 or Layer 3) > Properties. The
Properties page opens.

DHCP RelaySelect to enable or disable DHCP Relay. Option 82Select Option 82 to enable insertion of the device MAC address and input parameters into packets for identification of the device. This option is configurable only in Layer 3 mode. DHCP Server TableDisplays the list of DHCP servers.
STEP 3 Click Add to enter the IP address of the DHCP server. The Add DHCP Properties
page opens.
STEP 4 Enter the value for the following field:
IP versionDisplays that only IPv4 is supported. DHCP Server IP AddressEnter the DHCP server IP address.
STEP 5 Click Apply. The DHCP server is defined, and the Running Configuration file is
updated. Use the DHCP Relay Interfaces page to configure the interfaces that support DHCP Relay.
259
Configuring ARP
16
Defining DHCP Relay Interfaces

This page enables configuring the port, LAG, or VLAN interfaces that support the DHCP Relay functions. For the DHCP Relay to function, it also must be activated globally in the Properties page. To define the DHCP Relay interfaces:
STEP 1 Click IP Configuration > DHCP Relay (Layer 2 or Layer 3) > DHCP Relay
Interfaces. The DHCP Relay Interfaces page opens. This page displays the interfaces where DHCP Relay is defined, and their IP addresses. In Layer 3, port, LAG, or VLANs are offered; in Layer 2 only VLANs are offered.
STEP 2 To add an interface, click Add. The Add DHCP Interface (Layer 2) page opens. STEP 3 Enter the Interface value.
If the switch is in Layer 2 mode, select the VLAN that is to be DHCP Relay enabled. If the switch is in Layer 3 mode, select whether the interface is for a port, VLAN, or LAG.
STEP 4 Click Apply. A DHCP Relay interface is defined, and the Running Configuration file
is updated.
Configuring ARP
The switch maintains an ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) table for all known devices that reside in its directly-connected IP subnets. A directly-connected IP subnet is the subnet to which a IPv4 interface of the switch is connected. When the switch needs to send/route a packet to a local device, it searches the ARP table to
260
Configuring ARP
16
obtain the MAC address of the device. The ARP table contains both static and dynamic addresses. Static addresses are manually configured and do not age out. The switch creates dynamic addresses from the ARP packets it receives. Dynamic addresses age out after a configured time.
NOTE In Layer 2 mode, the IP, MAC address mapping information in ARP Table is used by
the switch to forward the traffic originated by the switch. In Layer 3 mode, the mapping information is used for Layer 3 routing as well as to forward the generated traffic. To define the ARP tables:
STEP 1 Click IP Configuration > ARP (Layer 2) or (Layer 3). The ARP Table page opens. STEP 2 Enter the parameters.
ARP Entry Age OutEnter the number of seconds that dynamic addresses can remain in the ARP table. A dynamic address ages out after the time it is in the table exceeds the ARP Entry Age Out time. When a dynamic address ages out, it is deleted from the table, and only returns when it is relearned. Clear ARP Table EntriesSelect the type of ARP entries to be cleared from the system. -
AllDeletes all of the static and dynamic addresses immediately. DynamicDeletes all of the dynamic addresses immediately. StaticDeletes all of the static addresses immediately. Normal Age OutDeletes dynamic addresses based on the configured ARP Entry Age Out time.
STEP 3 Click Apply. The ARP global settings are modified, and the Running Configuration
file is updated. The ARP table displays the following fields: InterfaceThe IPv4 Interface of the directly-connected IP subnet where the IP device resides. IP AddressThe IP address of the IP device. MAC AddressThe MAC address of the IP device. StatusWhether the entry was manually entered or dynamically learned.
STEP 4 Click Add. The Add ARP Entry page opens.
261
Domain Name Systems
16
IP VersionThe IP address format supported by the host. Only IPv4 is supported. InterfaceIPv4 interface on the switch.
STEP 5 Enter the parameters:
For devices in Layer 2 mode, there is only one directly connected IP subnet which is always in the management VLAN. All the static and dynamic addresses in the ARP Table reside in the management VLAN. For devices in Layer 3 mode, an IPv4 interface can be configured on a port, LAG or VLAN. Select the desired interface from the list of configured IPv4 interfaces on the switch. IP AddressEnter the IP address of the local device. MAC AddressEnter the MAC address of the local device.
STEP 6 Click Apply. The ARP entry is defined, and the Running Configuration file is
updated.
Domain Name Systems

The Domain Name System (DNS) translates user-defined domain names into IP addresses for the purpose of locating and addressing these objects. As a DNS client the switch resolves domain names to IP addresses through one or more configured DNS servers.
Defining DNS Servers

Use the DNS Servers page to enable the DNS feature, configure the DNS servers and set the default domain used by the switch.
STEP 1 Click IP Configuration > Domain Name System > DNS Servers. The DNS
Servers page opens.

DNSSelect to designate the switch as a DNS client which resolves DNS names into IP addresses through one or more configured DNS servers.
262
Domain Name Systems
16
Default Domain NameEnter the default DNS domain name (1158 characters). The switch appends this to all non-fully qualified domain names (FQDNs) turning them into FQDNs. TypeDisplays the default domain type options: -
DHCPThe default domain name is dynamically assigned by the DHCP server. StaticThe default domain name is user-defined.
N/ANo default domain name.
DNS Server Table: DNS ServerThe IP addresses of the DNS servers. Up to eight DNS servers can be defined. Server StateThe active DNS server. There can be only one active server. Each static server has a priority, a lower value means a higher priority. When first time the request is sent, static server with lowest priority is chosen. If after two retries there is no response from this server, the next server with the next lowest priority is selected. If none of the static servers respond, the first dynamic server on the table, sorted by IP address (low to high), is selected.
STEP 3 Click Apply. The Running Configuration file is updated. STEP 4 To add a DNS server, click Add. The Add DNS Server page opens. STEP 5 Enter the parameters.
IP VersionSelect Version 6 for IPv6 or Version 4 for IPv4. IPv6 Address TypeSelect the IPv6 address type (if IPv6 is used). The options are: Link LocalThe IPv6 address uniquely identifies hosts on a single network link. A link local address has a prefix of FE80, is not routable, and can be used for communication only on the local network. Only one link local address is supported. If a link local address exists on the interface, this entry replaces the address in the configuration. GlobalThe IPv6 address is a global Unicast IPV6 type that is visible and reachable from other networks.
Link Local InterfaceIf the IPv6 address type is Link Local, select whether it is received through VLAN2 or ISATAP.
263
Domain Name Systems
16
DNS Server IP AddressEnter the DNS server IP address. Set DNS Server ActiveSelect to activate the new DNS server.
STEP 6 Click Apply. The DNS server is added, and the Running Configuration file is
updated.
Mapping DNS Hosts

The switch saves frequently-queried domain names acquired from the DNS servers in a local DNS cache. The cache can hold up to 64 static entries, 64 dynamic entries, and one entry for each IP address configured on the switch by DHCP. Name resolution always begins by checking static entries, continues by checking the dynamic entries, and ends by sending requests to the external DNS server. Several IP addresses are supported per DNS per host name. To add a domain name and its IP address:
STEP 1 Click IP Configuration > Domain Name System > Host Mapping. The Host
Mapping page opens. This page displays the following fields: Host NameUser-defined domain name, up to 158 characters. IP AddressThe host name IP address.
STEP 2 To add a host mapping, click Add. The Add Host Mapping page opens. STEP 3 Enter the parameters.
IP VersionSelect Version 6 for IPv6 or Version 4 for IPv4. IPv6 Address TypeSelect the IPv6 address type (if IPv6 is used). The options are: Link LocalThe IPv6 address uniquely identifies hosts on a single network link. A link local address has a prefix of FE80, is not routable, and can be used for communication only on the local network. Only one link local address is supported. If a link local address exists on the interface, this entry replaces the address in the configuration. GlobalThe IPv6 address is a global Unicast IPV6 type that is visible and reachable from other networks.
264
Domain Name Systems
16
Link Local InterfaceIf the IPv6 address type is Link Local, select whether it is received through VLAN2 or ISATAP. Host NameEnter a domain name, up to 158 characters. IP AddressEnter an IPv4 address or enter up to four IPv6 host addresses. Addresses 24 are backup addresses.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The DNS host is added, and the Running Configuration file is updated.
265
17
Configuring Security
This section describes switch security and access control. The system handles various types of security. The following list of topics describes the various types of security features described in this section. Some features are used for more than a single type of security or control, and so they appear twice in the list of topics below. Permission to administer the switch is described in the following sections: Setting Password Complexity Rules TACACS+ Configuration Configuring RADIUS Parameters Configuring Management Access Authentication Defining Access Profiles Configuring TCP/UDP Services
Protection from attacks directed at the switch CPU is described in the following sections: Configuring TCP/UDP Services Defining Storm Control
Access control of end-users to the network through the switch is described in the following sections: Configuring Management Access Authentication Defining Access Profiles Setting Password Complexity Rules TACACS+ Configuration Configuring RADIUS Parameters
266
Defining Users
17
Configuring Port Security Configuring 802.1X Protection from other network users is described in the following sections. These are attacks that pass through, but are not directed at, the switch. Denial of Service Prevention Configuring TCP/UDP Services Defining Storm Control Configuring Port Security
Defining Users
The default username/password is cisco/cisco. The first time that you log in with the default username and password, you are required to enter a new password. Password complexity is enabled by default. If the password that you choose is not complex enough (Password Complexity Settings are enabled in the Password Strength page), you will be prompted to create another password.
Setting User Accounts

The User Accounts page enables entering additional users that are permitted to access to the switch (read-only or read-write) or changing the passwords of existing users.
NOTE It is not permitted to delete all users. If all users are selected, the Delete button is
disabled. To add a new user:

STEP 1 Click Administration > User Accounts. The User Accounts page displays.
This page displays the users defined in the system.

STEP 2 Click Add to add a new user or click Edit to modify a user. The Add (or Edit) a User
Account page displays.

User NameEnter a new username between 0 and 20 characters. UTF-8 characters are not permitted.
267
Defining Users
17
PasswordEnter a password (UTF-8 characters are not permitted). If the password strength and complexity is defined, the user password must comply with the policy configured in the Setting Password Complexity Rules section. Confirm PasswordEnter the password again. Password Strength MeterDisplays the strength of password. The policy for password strength and complexity are configured in the Password Strength page. User LevelSelect the privilege level of the user being added/edited. Read-Only CLI Access (1)User cannot access the GUI, and can only access CLI commands that do not change the switch configuration. Read/Limited Write CLI Access (7)User cannot access the GUI, and can only access some CLI commands that change the switch configuration. See the CLI Reference Guide for more information. Read-/Write Management Access (15)User can access the GUI, and can configure the switch.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The user is added to the Running Configuration file of the switch.
Setting Password Complexity Rules

Passwords are used to authenticate users accessing the switch. Simple passwords are potential security hazards. Therefore, password complexity requirements are enforced by default and may be configured as necessary. Password complexity requirements are configured on the Password Strength page reached through the Security drop-down menu. Additionally, password aging time may be configured on this page. To define password complexity rules:
STEP 1 Click Security > Password Strength. The Password Strength page displays. STEP 2 Enter the following aging parameters for passwords:
Password AgingIf selected, the user is prompted to change the password when the Password Aging Time expires. Password Aging TimeEnter the number of days that can elapse before the user will be prompted to change the password.
268
Defining Users
17
NOTE Password aging also applies to zero-length passwords (no
password).
STEP 3 Select Password Complexity Settings to enable complexity rules for passwords.
If password complexity is enabled, passwords must conform to the following default settings: Have a minimum length of eight characters. Contain characters from at least three character classes (uppercase letters, lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters available on a standard keyboard). Are different from the current password. Contain no character that is repeated more than three times consecutively. Do not repeat or reverse the users name or any variant reached by changing the case of the characters. Do not repeat or reverse the manufacturers name or any variant reached by changing the case of the characters.
STEP 4 If the Password Complexity Settings are enabled, the following parameters may
be configured: Minimal Password LengthEnter the minimal number of characters required for passwords.
NOTE A zero-length password (no password) is allowed, and can still have
password aging assigned to it. Minimal Number of Character ClassesEnter the number of character classes which must be present in a password. Character classes are lower case (1), upper case (2), digits (3), and symbols or special characters (4). The New Password Must Be Different than the Current OneIf selected, the new password cannot be the same as the current password upon a password change.
STEP 5 Click Apply. The password settings are set, and the Running Configuration file is
updated.
NOTE Configuring the allowed number of character repetitions, username-password
equivalence, and manufacturer-password equivalence may be done through the CLI. See the CLI guide for further instruction.
269
17
The switch is a Terminal Access Controller Access Control System (TACACS+) client that can use a TACACS+ server to provide centralized security. TACACS+ provides the following services: AuthenticationProvides authentication of administrators logging onto the switch by using usernames and user-defined passwords. AuthorizationPerformed at login. After the authentication session is completed, an authorization session starts using the authenticated username. The TACACS+ server then checks user privileges.
The TACACS+ protocol ensures network integrity, through encrypted protocol exchanges between the device and the TACACS+ server. TACACS+ is supported only with IPv4. TACACS+ servers cannot be used as 802.1X authentication servers to verify credentials of network users trying to join the networks through the switch. Some TACACS+ servers support a single connection that enables the device to receive all information in a single connection. If the TACACS+ server does not support this, the device reverts to multiple connections.
Configuring Default TACACS+ Parameters

The TACACS+ page enables configuring TACACS+ servers. Only users who have privilege level 15 on the TACACS+ server can administer the switch. To configure TACACS+ server parameters:
STEP 1 Click Security > TACACS+. The TACACS+ page displays. STEP 2 Enter the default Key String used for communicating with all TACACS+ servers.
The switch can be configured to use this key or to use a key entered for an specific server (entered in the Add TACACS+ Server page). If you do not enter a key string in this field, the server key entered in the Add TACACS+ Server page must match the encryption key used by the TACACS+ server.
270
17
If you enter both a key string here and a key string for an individual TACACS+ server, the key string configured for the individual TACACS+ server takes precedence.
STEP 3 In the Timeout for Reply field, enter the amount of time that passes before the
connection between the switch and the TACACS+ server times out. If a value is not entered in the Add TACACS+ Server page for a specific server, the value is taken from this field.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The TACACS+ settings are added to the Running Configuration file. STEP 5 To add a TACACS+ server, click Add. The Add TACACS+ Server page displays. STEP 6 Enter the parameters.
Server DefinitionSelect whether to specify the TACACS+ server by IP address or name. Server IP Address/NameEnter the IP address or domain name of the server. PriorityEnter the order in which this TACACS+ server is used. Zero is the highest priority TACACS+ server and is the first server used. If it cannot establish a session with the high priority server, the switch will try the next highest priority server. Key StringEnter the authentication and encryption key for the TACACS+ server. The key must match the encryption key configured on the TACACS+ server. Select Use Default to use the key string defined under the TACACS+ Default Parameters. Timeout for ReplyEnter the amount of time that passes before the connection between the switch and the TACACS+ server times out. Select Use Default to use the default value displayed on the page. Authentication IP PortEnter the port number through which the TACACS+ session occurs. Single ConnectionSelect to enable a single open connection between the switch and the TACACS+ server.
STEP 7 Click Apply. The TACACS+ server is added to the Running Configuration file of the
switch.
271
17

Remote Authorization Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) servers provide a centralized 802.1X or MAC-based network access control. The switch is a RADIUS client that can use a RADIUS server to provide centralized security. For the RADIUS server to grant access to the web-based switch configuration utility, the RADIUS server must return cisco-avpair = shell:priv-lvl=15. To set the RADIUS server parameters:
STEP 1 Click Security > RADIUS. The RADIUS page displays. STEP 2 Enter the default RADIUS parameters. Values entered in the Default Parameters
are applied to all servers. If a value is not entered for a specific server (in the Add RADIUS Server page) the switch uses the values in these fields. IP VersionDisplays the supported IP version: IPv6 and/or IPv4 subnet. RetriesEnter the number of transmitted requests that are sent to the RADIUS server before a failure is considered to have occurred. Timeout for ReplyEnter the number of seconds that the switch waits for an answer from the RADIUS server before retrying the query, or switching to the next server. Dead TimeEnter the number of minutes that elapse before a nonresponsive RADIUS server is bypassed for service requests. If the value is 0, the server is not bypassed. Key StringEnter the default key string used for authenticating and encrypting between the switch and the RADIUS server. This key must match the key configured on the RADIUS server. A key string is used to encrypt communications by using MD5. A key configured for an individual RADIUS server has precedence over the default key that is used if there is no key provided for an individual server.
STEP 3 Click Apply. The RADIUS settings for the switch are updated in the Running
Configuration file.
STEP 4 To add a RADIUS server, click Add. The Add RADIUS Server page displays. STEP 5 Enter the values in the fields for each server. To use the default values entered in
the RADIUS page, select Use Default. Server DefinitionSelect whether to specify the RADIUS server by IP address or name.
272
17
IP VersionIf the RADIUS server will be identified by IP address, select either IPv4 or IPv6, to indicate that it will be entered in the selected format. IPv6 Address TypeDisplays that IPv6 address type is Global. Server IP Address/NameEnter the IP address or domain name of the server. PriorityEnter the priority of the server. The priority determines the order the switch attempts to contact the servers to authenticate a user. The switch will start with the highest priority RADIUS server first. Zero is the highest priority. Key StringEnter the key string used for authenticating and encrypting communication between the switch and the RADIUS server. This key must match the key configured on the RADIUS server. If this field is left blank, the switch attempts to authenticate to the RADIUS server by using the default Key String. Timeout for ReplyEnter the number of seconds the switch waits for an answer from the RADIUS server before retrying the query, or switching to the next server. If there is no value entered in this field, the switch uses the default timeout value. Authentication PortEnter the UDP port number of the RADUS server for authentication requests. RetriesEnter the number of requests that are sent to the RADIUS server before a failure is considered to have occurred. Select Use Default to use the default value for the number of retries. Dead TimeEnter the number of minutes that must pass before a nonresponsive RADIUS server is bypassed for service requests. Select Use Default to use the default value for the dead time. If you enter 0 minutes, there is no dead time. Usage TypeEnter the RADIUS server authentication type. The options are: LoginRADIUS server is used for authenticating users that ask to administer the switch. 802.1XRADIUS server is used for 802.1x authentication. AllRADIUS server is used for authenticating user that ask to administer the switch and for 802.1X authentication.
273
Configuring Management Access Authentication
17
STEP 6 Click Apply. The RADIUS server definition is added to the Running Configuration
file of the switch.
Configuring Management Access Authentication

You can assign authentication methods to management access methods, such as SSH, console, Telnet, HTTP, and HTTPS. The authentication can be performed locally or on a TACACS+ or RADIUS server. User authentication occurs in the order that the authentication methods are selected. If the first authentication method is not available, the next selected method is used. For example, if the selected authentication methods are RADIUS and Local, and all configured RADIUS servers are queried in priority order and do not reply, the user is authenticated locally. If an authentication method fails or the user has insufficient privilege level, the user is denied access to the switch. In other words, if authentication fails at an authentication method, the switch stops; it does not continue and does not attempt to use the next authentication method. To define authentication methods for an access method:
STEP 1 Click Security > Management Access Authentication. The Management Access
Authentication page displays.

STEP 2 Select an access method from the Application list. STEP 3 Use the arrows to move the authentication method between the Optional Methods
column and the Selected Methods column. The first method selected is the first method that is used. RADIUSUser is authenticated on a RADIUS server. You must have configured one or more RADIUS servers. TACACS+User authenticated on the TACACS+ server. You must have configured one or more TACACS+ servers. NoneUser is allowed to access the switch without authentication. LocalUsername and password is checked against the data stored on the local switch. These username and password pairs are defined in the User Accounts page.
274
Defining Access Profiles
17
NOTE The Local or None authentication method must always be
selected last. All authentication methods selected after Local or None are ignored.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The selected authentication methods are associated with the access
method.

Access profiles determine how to authenticate and authorize users accessing the switch through various access methods. Access Profiles can limit management access from specific sources. Only users who pass both the active access profile and the management access authentication methods are given management access to the switch. There can only be a single access profile active on the switch at one time. Access profiles consist of one or more rules. The rules are executed in order of their priority within the access profile (top to bottom). Rules are composed of filters that include the following elements: Access MethodsMethods for accessing and managing the switch: Telnet Secure Telnet (SSH) Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Secure HTTP (HTTPS) Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) All of the above
ActionPermit or deny access to an interface or source address. InterfaceWhich ports, LAGs, or VLANs are permitted to access or are denied access to the web-based switch configuration utility.
275
17
Source IP AddressIP addresses or subnets. Access to management methods might differ among user groups. For example, one user group might be able to access the switch module only by using an HTTPS session, while another user group might be able to access the switch module by using both HTTPS and Telnet sessions.
Active Access Profile

The Access Profiles page displays the access profiles that are defined and enables selecting one access profile to be the active one. When a user attempts to access the switch through an access method, the switch looks to see if the active access profile explicitly permits management access to the switch through this method. If no match is found, access is denied. When an attempt to access the switch is in violation of the active access profile, the switch generates a SYSLOG message to alert the system administrator of the attempt. If a console-only access profile has been activated, the only way to deactivate it is through a direct connection from the management station to the physical console port on the switch. After an access profile has been defined, additional rules can be added or edited by using the Defining Profile Rules page. Use the Access Profiles page to create an access profile and to add its first rule. If the access profile only contains a single rule, you are finished. To add additional rules to the profile, use the Profile Rules page.
STEP 1 Click Security > Mgmt Access Method > Access Profiles. The Access Profiles
page displays. This page displays all of the access profiles, active and inactive.
STEP 2 To change the active access profile, select a profile from the Active Access
Profile drop down menu and click Apply. This makes the chosen profile the active access profile.
NOTE A caution message is displayed if you selected Console Only. If you
continue, you are immediately disconnected from the web-based switch configuration utility and can access the switch only through the console port. This only applies to device types that offer a console port.
276
17
A caution message displays if you selected any other access profile, warning you that, depending on the selected access profile, you might be disconnected from the web-based switch configuration utility.
STEP 3 Click OK to select the active access profile or click Cancel to discontinue the
action.
STEP 4 Click Add to open the Add Access Profile page. The page allows you to configure
a new profile and one rule.

Access Profile NameEnter an access profile name. The access profile name can contain up to 32 characters. Rule PriorityEnter the rule priority. When the packet is matched to a rule, user groups are either granted or denied access to the switch. The rule priority is essential to matching packets to rules, as packets are matched on a first-match basis. One is the highest priority. Management MethodSelect the management method for which the rule is defined. The options are: AllAssigns all management methods to the rule. TelnetUsers requesting access to the switch who meet the Telnet access profile criteria are permitted or denied access. Secure Telnet (SSH)Users requesting access to the switch who meet the SSH access profile criteria, are permitted or denied access. HTTP Users requesting access to the switch who meet the HTTP access profile criteria, are permitted or denied. Secure HTTP (HTTPS)Users requesting access to the switch who meet the HTTPS access profile criteria, are permitted or denied. SNMPUsers requesting access to the switch who meet the SNMP access profile criteria are permitted or denied.
ActionSelect the action attached to the rule. The options are: PermitPermits access to the switch if the user matches the settings in the profile. DenyDenies access to the switch if the user matches the settings in the profile.
277
17
Applies to InterfaceSelect the interface attached to the rule. The options are: AllApplies to all ports, VLANs, and LAGs. User DefinedApplies to selected interface.
InterfaceEnter the interface number if User Defined was selected. Applies to Source IP AddressSelect the type of source IP address to which the access profile applies. The Source IP Address field is valid for a subnetwork. Select one of the following values: AllApplies to all types of IP addresses. User DefinedApplies to only those types of IP addresses defined in the fields.
IP VersionSelect the supported IP version of the source address, IPv6 or IPv4. IP AddressEnter the source IP address. MaskSelect the format for the subnet mask for the source IP address, and enter a value in one of the fields: -
Network MaskSelect the subnet to which the source IP address belongs and enter the subnet mask in dotted decimal format. Prefix LengthSelect the Prefix Length and enter the number of bits that
comprise the source IP address prefix.
STEP 6 Click Apply. The access profile is created, and the Running Configuration file is
updated. You can now select this access profile as the active access profile.
Defining Profile Rules

Access profiles can contain up to 128 rules to determine who is permitted to manage and access the switch, and the access methods that may be used. Each rule in an access profile contains an action and a criteria (one or more parameters) to match. Each rule has a priority; rules with the lowest priority are checked first. If the incoming packet matches a rule, the action associated with the rule is performed. If no matching rule is found within the active access profile, the packet is dropped.
278
17
For example, you can limit access to the switch from all IP addresses except IP addresses that are allocated to the IT management center. In this way, the switch can still be managed and has gained another layer of security. To add profile rules to an access profile:
STEP 1 Click Security > Mgmt Access Method > Profile Rules. The Profiles Rules page
displays.
STEP 2 Select the Filter field, and an access profile. Click Go.
The selected access profile is displayed in the Profile Rule Table.

STEP 3 Click Add to add a rule to it. The Add Profile Rule page displays. STEP 4 Enter the parameters.
Access Profile NameSelect an access profile. Rule PriorityEnter the rule priority. When the packet is matched to a rule, user groups are either granted or denied access to the switch. The rule priority is essential to matching packets to rules, as packets are matched on a first-fit basis. Management MethodSelect the management method for which the rule is defined. The options are: AllAssigns all management methods to the rule. TelnetUsers requesting access to the switch who meet the Telnet access profile criteria are permitted or denied access. Secure Telnet (SSH)Users requesting access to the switch who meet the Telnet access profile criteria, are permitted or denied access. HTTPAssigns HTTP access to the rule. Users requesting access to the switch who meet the HTTP access profile criteria, are permitted or denied. Secure HTTP (HTTPS)Users requesting access to the switch who meet the HTTPS access profile criteria, are permitted or denied. SNMPUsers requesting access to the switch who meet the SNMP access profile criteria are permitted or denied.
279
17
ActionSelect Permit to permit the users that attempt to access the switch by using the configured access method from the interface and IP source defined in this rule. Or select Deny to deny access. Applies to InterfaceSelect the interface attached to the rule. The options are: AllApplies to all ports, VLANs, and LAGs. User DefinedApplies only to the port, VLAN, or LAG selected.
InterfaceEnter the interface number. Applies to Source IP AddressSelect the type of source IP address to which the access profile applies. The Source IP Address field is valid for a subnetwork. Select one of the following values: AllApplies to all types of IP addresses. User DefinedApplies to only those types of IP addresses defined in the fields.
IP VersionSelect the supported IP version of the source address: IPv6 or IPv4. IP AddressEnter the source IP address. MaskSelect the format for the subnet mask for the source IP address, and enter a value in one of the field: Network MaskSelect the subnet to which the source IP address belongs and enter the subnet mask in dotted decimal format. Prefix LengthSelect the Prefix Length and enter the number of bits that comprise the source IP address prefix.
STEP 5 Click Apply, and the rule is added to the access profile.
280
Configuring TCP/UDP Services
17
Configuring TCP/UDP Services

The TCP/UDP Services page enables TCP or UDP-based services on the switch, usually for security reasons. The switch offers the following TCP/UDP services: TelnetDisabled by factory default SSHDisabled by factory default HTTPEnabled by factory default HTTPSDisabled by factory default SNMPDisabled by factory default
The active TCP connections are also displayed in this window. To configure TCP/UDP services:
STEP 1 Click Security > TCP/UDP Services. The TCP/UDP Services page displays. STEP 2 Enable or disable the following TCP/UDP services on the displayed services.
Telnet ServiceIndicates whether the Telnet service is enabled or disabled. SSH ServiceIndicates whether the SSH service is enabled or disabled. HTTP ServiceIndicates whether the HTTP service is enabled or disabled. HTTPS ServiceIndicates whether the HTTPS service is enabled or disabled. SNMP ServiceIndicates whether the SNMP service is enabled or disabled.
The TCP Service Table displays the following fields for each service: Service NameAccess method through which the switch is offering the TCP service. TypeIP protocol the service uses. Local IP AddressLocal IP address through which the switch is offering the service. Local PortLocal TCP port through which the switch is offering the service.
281
Defining Storm Control
17
Remote IP AddressIP address of the remote device that is requesting the service. Remote PortTCP port of the remote device that is requesting the service. StateStatus of the service.
The UDP Services table displays the following information: Service NameAccess method through which the switch is offering the UDP service. TypeIP protocol the service uses. Local IP AddressLocal IP address through which the switch is offering the service. Local PortLocal UDP port through which the switch is offering the service. Application InstanceThe service instance of the UDP service. (For example, when two senders send data to the same destination.)
STEP 3 Click Apply. The services are added, and the Running Configuration file is
updated.

When Broadcast, Multicast, or Unknown Unicast frames are received, they are duplicated, and a copy is sent to all possible egress ports. This means that in practice they are sent to all ports belonging to the relevant VLAN. In this way, one ingress frame is turned into many, creating the potential for a traffic storm. Storm protection enables you to limit the number of frames entering the switch and to define the types of frames that are counted towards this limit. When a threshold is entered in the system, the port discards traffic after that threshold is reached. The port remains blocked until the traffic rate drops below this threshold. It then resumes normal forwarding.
282
17
To define Storm Control:
STEP 1 Click Security > Storm Control. The Storm Control page displays.
All the fields on this page are described in the Edit Storm Control page except for the Storm Control Rate Threshold (%). It displays the percent of the total available bandwidth for unknown Unicast, Multicast, and Broadcast packets before storm control is applied at the port. The default value is 10% of the maximum rate of the port and is set in the Edit Storm Control page.
STEP 2 Select a port and click Edit. The Edit Storm Control page displays. STEP 3 Enter the parameters.
PortSelect the port for which storm control is enabled. Storm ControlSelect to enable Storm Control. Storm Control Rate ThresholdEnter the maximum rate at which unknown packets can be forwarded. The default for this threshold is 10,000 for FE devices and 100,000 for GE devices. Storm Control ModeSelect one of the modes: Unknown Unicast, Multicast & BroadcastCounts unknown Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast traffic towards the bandwidth threshold. Multicast & BroadcastCounts Broadcast and Multicast traffic towards the bandwidth threshold. Broadcast OnlyCounts only Broadcast traffic towards the bandwidth threshold.
STEP 4 Click Apply. Storm control is modified, and the Running Configuration file is
updated.
283
Configuring Port Security
17
Network security can be increased by limiting access on a port to users with specific MAC addresses. The MAC addresses can be either dynamically learned or statically configured. Port security monitors received and learned packets. Access to locked ports is limited to users with specific MAC addresses. Port Security has two modes: Classic LockAll learned MAC addresses on the port are locked, and the port does not learn any new MAC addresses. The learned addresses are not subject to aging or re-learning. Limited Dynamic LockThe switch learns MAC addresses up to the configured limit of allowed addresses. After the limit is reached, the switch does not learn additional addresses. In this mode, the addresses are subject to aging and re-learning.
When a frame from a new MAC address is detected on a port where it is not authorized (the port is classically locked, and there is a new MAC address, or the port is dynamically locked, and the maximum number of allowed addresses has been exceeded), the protection mechanism is invoked, and one of the following actions can take place: Frame is discarded Frame is forwarded Port is shut down
When the secure MAC address is seen on another port, the frame is forwarded, but the MAC address is not learned on that port. In addition to one of these actions, you can also generate traps, and limit their frequency and number to avoid overloading the devices.
NOTE If you want to use 802.1X on a port, it must be in multiple host or multi session mode.
Port security on a port cannot be set if the port is in single mode (see the 802.1x, Host and Session Authentication page).
284
17
To configure port security:
STEP 1 Click Security > Port Security. The Port Security page displays. STEP 2 Select an interface to be modified, and click Edit. The Edit Port Security Interface
Settings page displays.

InterfaceSelect the interface name. Interface StatusSelect to lock the port. Learning ModeSelect the type of port locking. To configure this field, the Interface Status must be unlocked. The Learning Mode field is enabled only if the Interface Status field is locked. To change the Learning Mode, the Lock Interface must be cleared. After the mode is changed, the Lock Interface can be reinstated. The options are: Classic LockLocks the port immediately, regardless of the number of addresses that have already been learned. Limited Dynamic LockLocks the port by deleting the current dynamic MAC addresses associated with the port. The port learns up to the maximum addresses allowed on the port. Both re-learning and aging of MAC addresses are enabled.
Max No. of Addresses AllowedEnter the maximum number of MAC addresses that can be learned on the port if Limited Dynamic Lock learning mode is selected. The number 0 indicates that only static addresses are supported on the interface. Action on ViolationSelect an action to be applied to packets arriving on a locked port. The options are: DiscardDiscards packets from any unlearned source. ForwardForwards packets from an unknown source without learning the MAC address. ShutdownDiscards packets from any unlearned source, and shuts down the port. The port remains shut down until reactivated, or until the switch is rebooted.
TrapSelect to enable traps when a packet is received on a locked port. This is relevant for lock violations. For Classic Lock, this is any new address received. For Limited Dynamic Lock, this is any new address that exceeds the number of allowed addresses.
285
Configuring 802.1X
17
Trap FrequencyEnter minimum time (in seconds) that elapses between traps.
STEP 4 Click Apply. Port security is modified, and the Running Configuration file is
updated.
Configuring 802.1X
Port-based access control has the effect of creating two types of access on the switch ports. One point of access enables uncontrolled communication, regardless of the authorization state (uncontrolled port). The other point of access authorizes communication between a host and the switch. The 802.1x is an IEEE standard for port-based network access control. The 802.1x framework enables a device (the supplicant) to request port access from a remote device (authenticator) to which it is connected. Only when the supplicant requesting port access is authenticated and authorized is it permitted to send data to the port. Otherwise, the authenticator discards the supplicant data unless the data is sent to a Guest VLAN and/or non-authenticated VLANs. Authentication of the supplicant is performed by an external RADIUS server through the authenticator. The authenticator monitors the result of the authentication. In the 802.1x standard, a device can be a supplicant and an authenticator at a port simultaneously, requesting port access and granting port access. However, this device is only the authenticator, and does not take on the role of a supplicant. The following varieties of 802.1X exist: Single session 802.1X: A1Single-session/single host. In this mode, the switch, as an authenticator, supports a single 802.1x session and grants permission to use the port to the authorized supplicant. All access by other devices received from the same port are denied until the authorized supplicant is no longer using the port or the access is to the unauthenticated VLAN or guest VLAN. Single session/multiple hostsThis follows the 802.1x standard. In this mode, the switch as an authenticator allows any device to use a port as long as it has been granted permission.
286
Configuring 802.1X
17
Multi-Session 802.1XEvery device (supplicant) connecting to a port must be authenticated and authorized by the switch (authenticator) separately in a different 802.1x session. This is the only mode that supports Dynamic VLAN Assignment (DVA).
NOTE DVA is not supported when the switch is in Layer 3 mode.
Dynamic VLAN Assignment (DVA) Dynamic VLAN Assignment (DVA) is also referred to as RADIUS VLAN Assignment in this guide. When a port is in Multiple Session mode and is DVA-enabled, the switch automatically adds the port as an untagged member of the VLAN that is assigned by the RADIUS server during the authentication process. The switch classifies untagged packets to the assigned VLAN if the packets originated from the devices or ports that are authenticated and authorized. For a device to be authenticated and authorized at a port which is DVA-enabled: The RADIUS server must authenticate the device and dynamically assign a VLAN to the device. The assigned VLAN must not be the default VLAN and must have been created on the switch. The switch must not be configured to use both a DVA and a MAC-based VLAN group together. A RADIUS server must support DVA with RADIUS attributes tunnel-type (64) = VLAN (13), tunnel-media-type (65) = 802 (6), and tunnel-privategroup-id = a VLAN ID. Authentication Methods
The authentication methods can be: 802.1xThe switch supports the authentication mechanism as described in the standard to authenticate and authorize 802.1x supplicants. MAC-basedThe switch can be configured to use this mode to authenticate and authorized devices that do not support 802.1x. The switch emulates the supplicant role on behalf of the non 802.1x capable devices, and uses the MAC address of the devices as the username and password when communicating with the RADIUS servers. MAC addresses for username and password must be entered in lower case and with no delimiting characters (for example: aaccbb55ccff). To use MAC-based authentication at a port: A Guest VLAN must be defined
287
Configuring 802.1X
17
The port must be Guest VLAN enabled. The packets from the first supplicant at the port before it is authorized must be untagged packets.
You can configure a port to use 802.1x, MAC-based, or 802.1x and MAC-based authentication. If a port is configured to use both 802.1x and MAC-based authentication, 802.1x supplicant has precedence over non-802.1x device. The 802.1x supplicant preempts an authorized but non-802.1x device at a port that is configured with a single session. Unauthenticated VLANs and the Guest VLAN Unauthenticated VLANs and Guest VLAN provide access to services that do not require the subscribing devices or ports to be 802.1x or MAC-Based authenticated and authorized. An unauthenticated VLAN is a VLAN that allows access by both authorized and unauthorized devices or ports. You can configure one or more VLAN to be an unauthenticated in the Creating VLANs section in the VLAN Management section. An unauthenticated VLAN has the following characteristics: It must be a static VLAN, and cannot be the Guest VLAN or the Default VLAN. The member ports must be manually configured as tagged members. The member ports must be trunk and/or general ports. An access port cannot be member of an unauthenticated VLAN.
The Guest VLAN, if configured, is a static VLAN with the following characteristics. Must be manually defined from an existing static VLAN. Is automatically available only to unauthorized devices or ports of devices that are connected and Guest-VLAN-enabled. If a port is Guest-VLAN-enabled, the switch automatically adds the port as untagged member of the Guest VLAN when the port is not authorized, and removes the port from the Guest VLAN when the first supplicant of the port is authorized. The Guest VLAN cannot be used as the Voice VLAN and an unauthenticated VLAN.
The switch also uses the Guest VLAN for the authentication process at ports configured with Multiple Session mode and MAC-based authentication. Therefore, you must configure a Guest VLAN before you can use the MAC authentication mode.
288
Configuring 802.1X
17
802.1X Parameters Workflow
Define the 802.1X parameters as follows: (Optional) Set a time range(s) using the Time Range and Recurring Time Range pages. These are used in the Edit Port Authentication page. (Optional) Define one or more static VLANs as unauthenticated VLANs as described in the Defining 802.1X Properties section. 802.1x authorized and unauthorized devices or ports can always send or receive packets to or from unauthenticated VLANs. Define 802.1X settings for each port by using the Edit Port Authentication page.
Note the following: On this page, DVA can be activated on a port by selecting the RADIUS VLAN Assignment field. You can select the Guest VLAN field to have untagged incoming frames go to the guest VLAN. Define host authentication parameters for each port using the Port Authentication page. View 802.1X authentication history using the Authenticated Hosts page.
289
Configuring 802.1X
17
Defining 802.1X Properties
The 802.1X Properties page is used to globally enable 802.1X and define how ports will be authenticated. For 802.1X to function, it must be activated both globally and individually on each port. To define port-based authentication:
STEP 1 Click Security > 802.1X > Properties. The 802.1X Properties page displays. STEP 2 Enter the parameters.
Port-Based AuthenticationEnable or disable port-based, 802.1X authentication. Authentication MethodSelect the user authentication methods. The options are: RADIUS, NonePerform port authentication first by using the RADIUS server. If no response is received from RADIUS (for example, if the server is down), then no authentication is performed, and the session is permitted. If the server is available but the user credentials are incorrect, access will be denied and the session terminated. RADIUSAuthenticate the user on the RADIUS server. If no authentication is performed, the session is not permitted. NoneDo not authenticate the user. Permit the session.
Guest VLANSelect to enable the use of a Guest VLAN for unauthorized ports. If a Guest VLAN is enabled, all unauthorized ports automatically join the VLAN selected in the Guest VLAN ID field. If a port is later authorized, it is removed from the Guest VLAN. Guest VLAN IDSelect the guest VLAN from the list of VLANs. Guest VLAN TimeoutDefine a time period: After linkup, if the software does not detect the 802.1X supplicant, or the authentication has failed, the port is added to the Guest VLAN, only after the Guest VLAN timeout period has expired. If the port state changes from Authorized to Not Authorized, the port is added to the Guest VLAN only after the Guest VLAN timeout has expired.
The VLAN Authentication Table displays all VLANs, and indicates whether authentication has been enabled on them.
290
Configuring 802.1X
17
file is updated.
STEP 3 Click Apply. The 802.1X properties are modified, and the Running Configuration
Configuring Unauthenticated VLANs

When a port is 802.1x-enabled, unauthorized ports or devices are not allowed to access a VLAN unless the VLAN is a Guest VLAN or an unauthenticated VLAN. You can make a static VLAN an authenticated VLAN by using the procedure in the Defining 802.1X Properties section, allowing both 802.1x authorized and unauthorized devices or ports to send or receive packets to or from unauthenticated VLANs. You must manually add ports to VLANs by using the Port to VLAN page.
STEP 1 Click Security > 802.1X > Properties. The 802.1X Properties page displays. STEP 2 Select a VLAN, and click Edit. The Edit VLAN Authentication page displays. STEP 3 Select a VLAN. STEP 4 Optionally, uncheck Authentication to make the VLAN an unauthenticated VLAN. STEP 5 Click Apply, and the Running Configuration file is updated.
Defining 802.1X Port Authentication

The Port Authentication page enables configuration of 802.1X parameters for each port. Since some of the configuration changes are only possible while the port is in Force Authorized state, such as host authentication, it is recommended that you change the port control to Force Authorized before making changes. When the configuration is complete, return the port control to its previous state.
NOTE A port with 802.1x defined on it cannot become a member of a LAG.
To define 802.1X authentication:

STEP 1 Click Security > 802.1X > Port Authentication. The Port Authentication page
displays. This page displays authentication settings for all ports.

STEP 2 Select a port, and click Edit. The Edit Port Authentication page displays.
291
Configuring 802.1X
17
InterfaceSelect a port. User NameDisplays the username of the port. Current Port ControlDisplays the current port authorization state. If the state is Authorized, the port is either authenticated or the Administrative Port Control is Force Authorized. Conversely, if the state is Unauthorized, then the port is either not authenticated or the Administrative Port Control is Force Unauthorized. Administrative Port ControlSelect the Administrative Port Authorization state. The options are: Force UnauthorizedDenies the interface access by moving the interface into the unauthorized state. The switch does not provide authentication services to the client through the interface. AutoEnables port-based authentication and authorization on the switch. The interface moves between an authorized or unauthorized state based on the authentication exchange between the switch and the client. Force AuthorizedAuthorizes the interface without authentication.
RADIUS VLAN AssignmentSelect to enable Dynamic VLAN assignment on the selected port. Dynamic VLAN assignment is possible only when the 802.1X mode is set to multiple session. (After authentication, the port joins the supplicant VLAN as an untagged port in that VLAN.) For the Dynamic VLAN Assignment feature to work, the switch requires the following VLAN attributes to be sent by the RADIUS server (as defined in RFC 3580):
TIP
[64] Tunnel-Type = VLAN (type 13) [65] Tunnel-Medium-Type = 802 (type 6) [81] Tunnel-Private-Group-Id = VLAN ID Guest VLANSelect to indicate that the usage of a previously-defined Guest VLAN is enabled for the switch. The options are:
292
Configuring 802.1X
17
SelectedEnables using a Guest VLAN for unauthorized ports. If a Guest VLAN is enabled, the unauthorized port automatically joins the VLAN selected in the Guest VLAN ID field in the 802.1X Port Authentication page. After an authentication failure, and if Guest VLAN is activated globally on a given port, the guest VLAN is automatically assigned to the unauthorized ports as an Untagged VLAN. ClearedDisables Guest VLAN on the port.
Authentication MethodSelect the authentication method for the port. The options are: 802.1X Only802.1X authentication is the only authentication method performed on the port. MAC OnlyPort is authenticated based on the supplicant MAC address. Only 8 MAC-based authentications can be used on the port. 802.1X and MACBoth 802.1X and MAC-based authentication are performed on the switch. The 802.1X authentication takes precedence.
NOTE For MAC authentication to succeed, the RADIUS server supplicant
username and password must be the supplicant MAC address. The MAC address must be in lower case letters and entered without the : or - separators; for example: 0020aa00bbcc. Periodic ReauthenticationSelect to enable port re-authentication attempts after the specified Reauthentication Period. Reauthentication PeriodEnter the number of seconds after which the selected port is reauthenticated. Reauthenticate NowSelect to enable immediate port re-authentication. Authenticator StateDisplays the defined port authorization state. The options are: Force-AuthorizedControlled port state is set to Force-Authorized (forward traffic). Force-UnauthorizedControlled port state is set to Force-Unauthorized (discard traffic).
293
Configuring 802.1X
17
NOTE If the port is not in Force-Authorized or Force-Unauthorized, it is in
Auto Mode and the authenticator displays the state of the authentication in progress. After the port is authenticated, the state is shown as Authenticated. Time RangeEnable a limit on the time that the specific port is authorized for use if 802.1x has been enabled (Port -Based authentication is checked). Time Range NameSelect the profile that specifies the time range. Quiet PeriodEnter the number of seconds that the switch remains in the quiet state following a failed authentication exchange. Resending EAPEnter the number of seconds that the switch waits for a response to an Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) request/identity frame from the supplicant (client) before resending the request. Max EAP RequestsEnter the maximum number of EAP requests that can be sent. If a response is not received after the defined period (supplicant timeout), the authentication process is restarted. Supplicant TimeoutEnter the number of seconds that lapses before EAP requests are resent to the supplicant. Server TimeoutEnter the number of seconds that lapses before the switch resends a request to the authentication server. Termination CauseDisplays the reason for which the port authentication was terminated, if applicable.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The port settings are defined, and the Running Configuration file is
updated.
Defining Host and Session Authentication

The Host and Session Authentication page enables defining the mode in which 802.1X operates on the port and the action to perform if a violation has been detected. The 802.1X modes are: SingleOnly a single authorized host can access the port. (Port Security cannot be enabled on a port in single-host mode.)
294
Configuring 802.1X
17
Multiple Host (802.1X)Multiple hosts can be attached to a single 802.1Xenabled port. Only the first host must be authorized, and then the port is open for all who want to access the network. If the host authentication fails, or an EAPOL-logoff message is received, all attached clients are denied access to the network. Multiple SessionsEnables the number of specific authorized hosts to access the port. Each host is treated as if it were the first and only user and must be authenticated. Filtering is based on the source MAC address.
To define 802.1X advanced settings for ports:

STEP 1 Click Security > 802.1X > Host and Session Authentication. The Host and
Session Authentication page displays. 802.1X authentication parameters are described for all ports. All fields except the following are described in the Edit Host and Session Authentication page. StatusDisplays the host status. An asterisk indicates that the port is either not linked or is down. The options are: UnauthorizedEither the port control is Force Unauthorized and the port link is down, or the port control is Auto but a client has not been authenticated via the port. Force-AuthorizedClients have full port access. Single-host LockPort control is Auto and only a single client has been authenticated by using the port. No Single HostPort control is Auto and Multiple Hosts mode is enabled. At least one client has been authenticated. Not in Auto ModeAuto port control is not enabled.
Number of ViolationsDisplays the number of packets that arrive on the interface in single-host mode, from a host whose MAC address is not the supplicant MAC address.
STEP 2 Select a port, and click Edit. The Edit Host and Session Authentication page
displays.
InterfaceEnter a port number for which host authentication is enabled. Host AuthenticationSelect one of the modes. These modes are described above in Defining Host and Session Authentication.
295
Configuring 802.1X
17
NOTE The following fields are only relevant if you select Single in the Host
Authentication field. Action on a (Single Host) ViolationSelect the action to be applied to packets arriving in Single Session/Single Host mode, from a host whose MAC address is not the supplicant MAC address. The options are: DiscardDiscards the packets. ForwardForwards the packets. ShutdownDiscards the packets and shuts down the port. The ports remains shut down until reactivated, or until the switch is rebooted.
Traps on Single Host ViolationSelect to enable traps. Trap Frequency (on Single Host Violation)Defines how often traps are sent to the host. This field can be defined only if multiple hosts are disabled.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The settings are defined, and the Running Configuration file is
updated.
Viewing Authenticated Hosts

To view details about authenticated users:
STEP 1 Click Security > 802.1X > Authenticated Hosts. The Authenticated Hosts page
displays. This page displays the following fields: User NameSupplicant names that were authenticated on each port. PortNumber of the port. Session Time (DD:HH:MM:SS)Amount of time that the supplicant was logged on the port. Authentication MethodMethod by which the last session was authenticated. The options are: NoneNo authentication is applied; it is automatically authorized. RADIUSSupplicant was authenticated by a RADIUS server.
MAC AddressDisplays the supplicant MAC address.
296
Configuring 802.1X
17
updated.
STEP 2 Click Apply. The settings are defined, and the Running Configuration file is
Defining Time Ranges

The Time Range page enables the definition of a time period during which 802.1X is active on 802.1x-enabled ports. This Time Range must be configured with an absolute start and end time. If a time range has an absolute time range but no recurring range and it is configured to a 802.1x-enabled port, the port is 802.1x active from the absolute start time to the end time. If a time-range includes both absolute and recurring ranges, the port is activated only if the both absolute start time and the recurring time range have been reached. The port is deactivated if either of the end times have been reached. The recurring time range is added to the absolute time range by using the Recurring Range page. If a time range has one or more recurring ranges and is configured to a 802.1x-enabled port, the port is 802.1x active within the time period(s) defined in the recurring range(s) that are also within the absolute start and end time of the time range. When a 802.1x-enabled port is out of its assigned time range and/or recurring time range, it is 802.1x inactive and is equivalent to Force Unauthorized. The switch supports a maximum of 20 absolute time ranges. All time specifications are interpreted as local time (Daylight Saving Time does not affect this). To ensure that the time range entries take effect at the desired times, the software clock should be set by the user or by SNTP. If the software clock is not set in this way, the time range is not applied. A possible use for this feature is if you want to limit access of computers to the network only during business hours, after which they are locked, and access to the rest of the network is blocked. To add an absolute time range:
STEP 1 Click Security > 802.1X > Time Range. The Time Range page displays. STEP 2 Click Add. The Add Time Range page displays.
297
Configuring 802.1X
17
Time Range NameEnter a time range name. Absolute Starting TimeDefine the absolute start time: ImmediateClick to indicate that the time range starts when the time range is created. Date and TimeSelect the absolute start date and time.
Absolute Ending TimeDefine the absolute end time: InfiniteClick to indicate that the time range never ends. Date and TimeSelect the absolute end date and time.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The time range is created.
Defining a Recurring Range

The Recurring Range page enables the creation of a recurring range that can then be added to a time range created in the Time Range page. All time specifications are interpreted as local time (Daylight Saving Time does not affect this). To add a recurring time range:
STEP 1 Click Security > 802.1X > Recurring Range. The Recurring Range page displays.
This page displays the recurring time ranges that have been defined.
STEP 2 Click Add, and the Add Recurring Range page displays. STEP 3 Enter the parameters.
Time Range NameSelect the time range to which the recurring range will be added. Recurring Starting TimeEnter the day of the week and the time at which the recurring range begins. Recurring Ending TimeEnter the day of the week and time on which the recurring range ends.
298
17
STEP 4 Click Apply. The recurring range is added to the time range.

Denial of Service (DoS) Prevention increases network security by preventing
packets with certain IP address parameters from entering the network. In addition, DoS Prevention eliminates packets with headers or contents known to be signals of malicious intent. Denial of Service Prevention enables network managers to: Deny packets that contain reserved IP addresses (Martian Addresses page) Prevent TCP connections from a specific interface (SYN Filtering page) and rate limit the packets (SYN Rate Protection page) Configure the blocking of certain ICMP packets (ICMP Filtering page) Discard fragmented IP packets from a specific interface (IP Fragments Filtering page) Deny attacks from Stacheldraht Distribution, Invasor Trojan, and Back Orifice Trojan (Security Suite Settings page).
SCT
The Cisco Small Business switch is an advanced switch that handles the following types of traffic, in addition to end-user traffic: Management traffic Protocol traffic Snooping traffic
Unwanted traffic burdens the CPU, and might prevent normal switch operation. The switch uses the Secure Core Technology (SCT) feature, which ensures that the switch will receive and process management and protocol traffic, no matter how much total traffic is received. SCT is enabled by default on the device and cannot be disabled.
299
17
There are no interactions with other features. SCT can be monitored in the Denial of Service > Security Suite Settings page (Details button).
Denial of Service Security Suite Settings

NOTE Before activating DoS Prevention, you must unbind all Access Control Lists (ACLs)
or advanced QoS policies that are bound to a port. ACL and advanced QoS policies are not active when a port has DoS Protection enabled on it. To configure DoS Prevention global settings and monitor SCT:
STEP 1 Click Security > Denial of Service Prevention > Security Suite Settings. The
Security Suite Settings displays.

STEP 2 CPU Protection Mechanism: Enabled indicates that SCT is enabled. Click Details
beside CPU Utilization to enable viewing CPU resource utilization information.

STEP 3 Select DoS Prevention to enable the feature.
DisableDisable the feature. System-Level PreventionEnable that part of the feature that prevents attacks from Stacheldraht Distribution, Invasor Trojan, and Back Orifice Trojan.
STEP 4 If System-Level Prevention or System-Level and Interface-Level Prevention is
selected, enable one or more of the following DoS Prevention options: Stacheldraht DistributionDiscards TCP packets with source TCP port equal to 16660. Invasor TrojanDiscards TCP packets with destination TCP port equal to 2140 and source TCP port equal to 1024. Back Orifice TrojanDiscards UDP packets with destination UDP port equal to 31337 and source UDP port equal to 1024.
STEP 5 Click Apply. The Denial of Service prevention Security Suite settings are defined,
and the Running Configuration file is updated. If Interface-Level Prevention is selected, click the appropriate Edit button to configure the desired prevention.
300
17
Defining Martian Addresses

The Martian Addresses page enables entering IP addresses that indicate an attack if they are seen on the network. Packets from these addresses are discarded. The switch supports a set of reserved Martian addresses that are illegal from the point of view of the IP protocol. The supported reserved Martian addresses are: Addresses defined to be illegal in the Martian Addresses page. Addresses that are illegal from the point of view of the protocol, such as loopback addresses, including addresses within the following ranges: 0.0.0.0/8 (Except 0.0.0.0/32 as a Source Address)Addresses in this block refer to source hosts on this network. 127.0.0.0/8Used as the Internet host loopback address. 192.0.2.0/24Used as the TEST-NET in documentation and example codes. 224.0.0.0/4 (As a Source IP Address)Used in IPv4 Multicast address assignments, and was formerly known as Class D Address Space. 240.0.0.0/4 (Except 255.255.255.255/32 as a Destination Address)Reserved address range, and was formerly known as Class E Address Space.
You can also add new Martian Addresses for DoS prevention. Packets that have a Martian addresses are discarded. To define Martian addresses:
STEP 1 Click Security > Denial of Service Prevention > Martian Addresses. The
Martian Addresses page displays.

STEP 2 Select Reserved Martian Addresses and click Apply to include the reserved
Martian Addresses in the System Level Prevention list.

STEP 3 To add a Martian address click Add. The Add Martian Addresses page displays. STEP 4 Enter the parameters.
IP VersionIndicates the supported IP version. Currently, support is only offered for IPv4.
301
17
IP AddressEnter an IP addresses to reject. The possible values are:
From reserved ListSelect a well-known IP address from the reserved

list.
New IP AddressEnter an IP address.
MaskEnter the mask of the IP address to define a range of IP addresses to reject. The values are: -
Network MaskNetwork mask in dotted decimal format. Prefix LengthEnter the prefix of the IP address to define the range of IP
addresses for which Denial of Service prevention is enabled.
STEP 5 Click Apply. The Martian addresses are defined, and the Running Configuration file
is updated.
Define SYN Filtering

The SYN Filtering page enables filtering TCP packets that contain a SYN flag, and are destined for one or more ports. To define a SYN filter:
STEP 1 Click Security > Denial of Service Prevention > SYN Filtering. The SYN Filtering
page displays.
STEP 2 Click Add. The Add SYN Filtering page displays. STEP 3 Enter the parameters.
InterfaceSelect the interface on which the filter is defined. IPv4 AddressEnter the IP address for which the filter is defined, or select All Addresses. Network MaskEnter the network mask for which the filter is enabled in IP address format. TCP PortSelect the destination TCP port being filtered: Known PortsSelect a port from the list. User DefinedEnter a port number. All PortsSelect to indicate that all ports are filtered.
302
17
STEP 4 Click Apply. The SYN filter is defined, and the Running Configuration file is
updated.
Define SYN Rate Protection

The SYN Rate Protection page enables limiting the number of SYN packets received on the ingress port. This can mitigate the effect of a SYN flood against servers, by rate limiting the number of new connections. To define SYN rate protection:
STEP 1 Click Security > Denial of Service Prevention > SYN Rate Protection. The SYN
Rate Protection page displays. This page displays the SYN rate protection currently defined per interface.
STEP 2 Click Add. The Add SYN Rate Protection page displays. STEP 3 Enter the parameters.
InterfaceSelect the interface on which the rate protection is being defined. IP AddressEnter the IP address for which the SYN rate protection is defined or select All Addresses. If you enter the IP address, enter either the mask or prefix length. Network MaskSelect the format for the subnet mask for the source IP address, and enter a value in one of the field: MaskSelect the subnet to which the source IP address belongs and enter the subnet mask in dotted decimal format. Prefix LengthSelect the Prefix Length and enter the number of bits that comprise the source IP address prefix.
SYN Rate LimitEnter the number of SYN packets that be received.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The SYN rate protection is defined, and the Running Configuration is
updated.
303
17
Define ICMP Filtering

The ICMP Filtering page enables the blocking of ICMP packets from certain sources. This can reduce the load on the network in case of an ICMP attack. To define ICMP filtering:
STEP 1 Click Security > Denial of Service Prevention > ICMP Filtering. The ICMP
Filtering page displays.

STEP 2 Click Add. The Add ICMP Filtering page displays. STEP 3 Enter the parameters.
InterfaceSelect the interface on which the ICMP filtering is being defined. IP AddressEnter the IPv4 address for which the ICMP packet filtering is activated or select All Addresses to block ICMP packets from all source addresses. If you enter the IP address, enter either the mask or prefix length. Network MaskSelect the format for the subnet mask for the source IP address, and enter a value in one of the field: MaskSelect the subnet to which the source IP address belongs and enter the subnet mask in dotted decimal format. Prefix LengthSelect the Prefix Length and enter the number of bits that comprise the source IP address prefix.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The ICMP filtering is defined, and the Running Configuration is
updated.
304
17
Define IP Fragmented Blocking

The IP Fragmented page enables blocking fragmented IP packets. To configure fragmented IP blocking:
STEP 1 Click Security > Denial of Service Prevention > IP Fragments Filtering. The IP
Fragments Filtering page displays.

STEP 2 Click Add. The Add IP Fragments Filtering page displays. STEP 3 Enter the parameters.
InterfaceSelect the interface on which the IP fragmentation is being defined. IP AddressEnter an IP network from which the fragmented IP packets is filtered or select All Addresses to block IP fragmented packets from all addresses. If you enter the IP address, enter either the mask or prefix length. Network MaskSelect the format for the subnet mask for the source IP address, and enter a value in one of the field: MaskSelect the subnet to which the source IP address belongs and enter the subnet mask in dotted decimal format. Prefix LengthSelect the Prefix Length and enter the number of bits that comprise the source IP address prefix.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The IP fragmentation is defined, and the Running Configuration file is
updated.
305
18
Access Control
The Access Control List (ACL) feature is part of the security mechanism. ACL definitions serve as one of the mechanisms to define traffic flows that should be given a specific Quality of Service (QoS). For more information see the Configuring QoS - General section in the Configuring Quality of Service section. ACLs enable network managers to define patterns (filter and actions) for ingress traffic. Packets, entering the switch on a port or LAG with an active ACL, are either admitted or denied entry. This section contains the following topics: Access Control Lists Defining MAC-based ACLs IPv4-based ACLs IPv6-based ACLs Defining ACL Binding
Access Control Lists

An Access Control List (ACL) is an ordered list of classification filters and actions. Each single classification rule, together with its action, is called an Access Control Element (ACE). Each ACE is made up of filters that distinguish traffic groups and associated actions. A single ACL may contain one or more ACEs, which are matched against the contents of incoming frames. Either a DENY or PERMIT action is applied to frames whose contents match the filter. The switch support a maximum of 512 ACLs, and a maximum of 512 ACEs.
307
Access Control
18
When a packet matches an ACE filter, the ACE action is taken and that ACL processing is stopped. If the packet does not match the ACE filter, the next ACE is processed. If all ACEs of an ACL have been processed without finding a match, and if another ACL exists, it is processed in a similar manner.
NOTE If no match is found to any ACE in all relevant ACLs, the packet is dropped (as a
default action). Because of this default drop action you must explicitly add ACEs into the ACL to permit the desired traffic, including management traffic, such as Telnet, HTTP or SNMP that is directed to the switch itself. For example, if you do not want to discard all the packets that do not match the conditions in an ACL, you must explicitly add a lowest priority ACE into the ACL that permits all the traffic. If IGMP/MLD snooping is enabled on a port bound with an ACL, add ACE filters in the ACL to forward IGMP/MLD packets to the switch. Otherwise, IGMP/MLD snooping will fail at the port. The order of the ACEs within the ACL is significant, since they are applied in a firstfit manner. The ACEs are processed sequentially, starting with the first ACE. ACLs can be used for security, for example by permitting or denying certain traffic flows, and also for traffic classification and prioritization in the QoS Advanced mode.
NOTE A port can be either secured with ACLs or configured with advanced QoS policy,
but not both. There can only be one ACL per port, with the exception that it is possible to associate both an IP-based ACL and an IPv6-based ACL with a single port. To associate more than one ACL with a port, a policy with one or more class maps must be used (see Configuring a Policy Table in QoS Advanced Mode). The following types of ACLs can be defined (depending on which part of the frame header is examined): MAC ACLExamines Layer 2 fields only, as described in Defining MACbased ACLs IP ACLExamines the Layer 3 layer of IP frames, as described in IPv4based ACLs IPv6 ACLExamines the Layer 3 layer of IPv4 frames as described in
Defining IPv6-Based ACL

If a frame matches the filter in an ACL, it is defined as a flow with the name of that ACL. In advanced QoS, these frames can be referred to using this Flow name, and QoS can be applied to these frames (see QoS Advanced Mode).
308
Access Control
18
Creating ACLs Workflow To create ACLs and associate them with an interface, perform the following: 1. Create one or more of the following types of ACLs: a. MAC-based ACL by using the MAC Based ACL page and the MAC Based ACE page b. IP-based ACL by using the IPv4 Based ACL page and the IPv4 Based ACE page c. IPv6-based ACL by using the IPv6 Based ACL page and the IPv6 Based ACE page 2. Associate the ACL with interfaces by using the ACL Binding page. Modifying ACLs Workflow An ACL can only be modified if it is not in use. The following describes the process of unbinding an ACL in order to modify it: 1. If the ACL does not belong to a QoS Advanced Mode class map, but it has been associated with an interface, unbind it from the interface using the ACL Binding page. 2. If the ACL is part of the class map and not bound to an interface, then it can be modified. 3. If the ACL is part of a class map contained in a policy bound to an interface, you must perform the chain of unbinding as follows: Unbind the policy containing the class map from the interface by using Policy Binding. Delete the class map containing the ACL from the policy using the Configuring a Policy (Edit). Delete the class map containing the ACL, by using Defining Class Mapping.
Only then can the ACL be modified, as described in the sections of this section.
309
Access Control
Defining MAC-based ACLs
18
MAC-based ACLs are used to filter traffic based on Layer 2 fields. MAC-based ACLs check all frames for a match. MAC-based ACLs are defined in the MAC Based ACL page. The rules are defined in the MAC Based ACE page. To define a MAC-based ACL:
Defining MAC-based ACLs
STEP 1 Click Access Control > MAC Based ACL. The MAC Based ACL page opens.
This page displays a list of all currently-defined MAC-based ACLs.

STEP 2 Click Add. The Add MAC Based ACL page opens. STEP 3 Enter the name of the new ACL in the ACL Name field. ACL names are
case-sensitive.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The MAC-based ACL is added, and the Running Configuration file is
updated.
Adding Rules to a MAC-based ACL

To add rules (ACEs) to an ACL:
STEP 1 Click Access Control > MAC Based ACE. The MAC Based ACE page opens. STEP 2 Select an ACL, and click Go. The ACEs in the ACL are listed. STEP 3 Click Add. The Add MAC Based ACE page opens. STEP 4 Enter the parameters.
ACL NameDisplays the name of the ACL to which an ACE is being added. PriorityEnter the priority of the ACE. ACEs with higher priority are processed first. One is the highest priority. ActionSelect the action taken upon a match. The options are: -
PermitForward packets that meet the ACE criteria. DenyDrop packets that meet the ACE criteria.
310
Access Control
IPv4-based ACLs
18
-
ShutdownDrop packets that meet the ACE criteria, and disable the port
from where the packets were received. Such ports can be reactivated from the Port Settings page.
Destination MAC AddressSelect Any if all destination addresses are acceptable or User defined to enter a destination address or a range of destination addresses. Destination MAC Address ValueEnter the MAC address to which the destination MAC address will be matched and its mask (if relevant). Destination MAC Wildcard MaskEnter the mask to define a range of MAC addresses. Note that this mask is different than in other uses, such as subnet mask. Here, setting a bit as 1 indicates don't care and 0 indicates to mask that value. Source MAC AddressSelect Any if all source address are acceptable or User defined to enter a source address or range of source addresses. Source MAC Address ValueEnter the MAC address to which the source MAC address will be matched and its mask (if relevant). Source MAC Wildcard MaskEnter the mask to define a range of MAC addresses. VLAN IDEnter the VLAN ID section of the VLAN tag to match. 802.1pSelect Include to use 802.1p. 802.1p ValueEnter the 802.1p value to be added to the VPT tag. 802.1p MaskEnter the wildcard mask to be applied to the VPT tag. EthertypeEnter the frame Ethertype to be matched.
STEP 5 Click Apply. The MAC-based ACE is defined, and the Running Configuration file is
updated.
IPv4-based ACLs
IPv4-based ACLs are used to check IPv4 packets, while other types of frames, such as ARPs, are not checked.
311
Access Control
IPv4-based ACLs
18
The following fields can be matched: IP protocol (by name for well-known protocols, or directly by value) Source/destination ports for TCP/UDP traffic Flag values for TCP frames ICMP and IGMP type and code Source/destination IP addresses (including wildcards) DSCP/IP-precedence value
NOTE ACLs are also used as the building elements of flow definitions for per-flow QoS
handling (see QoS Advanced Mode). The IPv4 Based ACL page enables adding ACLs to the system. The rules are defined in the IPv4 Based ACE page. IPv6 ACLs are defined in the IPv6 Based ACL page.

To define an IPv4-based ACL:
STEP 1 Click Access Control > IPv4 Based ACL. The IPv4 Based ACL page opens.
This page displays all currently defined IPv4-based ACLs.

STEP 2 Click Add. The Add IPv4 Based ACL page opens. STEP 3 Enter the name of the new ACL in the ACL Name field. The names are
case-sensitive.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The IPv4-based ACL is defined, and the Running Configuration file is
updated.
312
Access Control
IPv4-based ACLs
18
Adding Rules (ACEs) to an IPv4-Based ACL
To add rules (ACEs) to an IPv4-based ACL:
STEP 1 Click Access Control > IPv4 Based ACE. The IPv4 Based ACE page opens. STEP 2 Select an ACL, and click Go. All currently-defined IP ACEs for the selected ACL are
displayed.
STEP 3 Click Add. The Add IPv4 Based ACE page opens. STEP 4 Enter the parameters.
ACL NameDisplays the name of the ACL. PriorityEnter the priority. ACEs with higher priority are processed first. ActionSelect the action assigned to the packet matching the ACE. The options are as follows: -
PermitForward packets that meet the ACE criteria. DenyDrop packets that meet the ACE criteria. ShutdownDrop packet that meets the ACE criteria and disable the port
to which the packet was addressed. Ports are reactivated from the Port Management page.
ProtocolSelect to create an ACE based on a specific protocol or protocol ID. Select Any (IPv4) to accept all IP protocols. Otherwise select one of the following protocols from the drop-down list: -
ICMPInternet Control Message Protocol IGMPInternet Group Management Protocol IP in IPIP in IP encapsulation TCPTransmission Control Protocol EGPExterior Gateway Protocol IGPInterior Gateway Protocol UDPUser Datagram Protocol HMPHost Mapping Protocol RDPReliable Datagram Protocol.
313
Access Control
IPv4-based ACLs
18

IDPRInter-Domain Policy Routing Protocol IPV6IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling IPV6:ROUTMatches packets belonging to the IPv6 over IPv4 route through a gateway IPV6:FRAGMatches packets belonging to the IPv6 over IPv4 Fragment
Header
IDRPInter-Domain Routing Protocol RSVPReSerVation Protocol AHAuthentication Header IPV6:ICMPInternet Control Message Protocol EIGRPEnhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol OSPFOpen Shortest Path First IPIPIP in IP PIMProtocol Independent Multicast L2TPLayer 2 Tunneling Protocol ISISIGP-specific protocol
Protocol ID to MatchInstead of selecting the name, enter the protocol ID. Source IP AddressSelect Any if all source address are acceptable or User defined to enter a source address or range of source addresses. Source IP Address ValueEnter the IP address to which the source IP address will be matched. Source IP Wildcard MaskEnter the mask to define a range of IP addresses. Note that this mask is different than in other uses, such as subnet mask. Here, setting a bit as 1 indicates don't care and 0 indicates to mask that value. Destination IP AddressSelect Any if all destination address are acceptable or User defined to enter a destination address or range of destination addresses. Destination IP Address ValueEnter the IP address to which the destination IP address will be matched.
314
Access Control
IPv4-based ACLs
18
Destination IP Wildcard MaskEnter the mask to define a range of IP addresses. Source PortSelect one of the following: AnyMatch to all source ports. SingleEnter a single TCP/UDP source port to which packets are matched. This field is active only if 800/6-TCP or 800/17-UDP is selected in the Select from List drop-down menu. RangeSelect a range of TCP/UDP source ports to which the packet is matched. There are eight different port ranges that can be configured (shared between source and destination ports). TCP and UDP protocols each have eight port ranges.
Destination PortSelect one of the available values that are the same as for the Source Port field described above.
NOTE You must specify the IP protocol for the ACE before you can enter the
source and/or destination port. TCP FlagsSelect one or more TCP flags with which to filter packets. Filtered packets are either forwarded or dropped. Filtering packets by TCP flags increases packet control, which increases network security. Type of ServiceThe service type of the IP packet. -
AnyAny service type DSCP to MatchDifferentiated Serves Code Point (DSCP) to match IP Precedence to MatchIP precedence is a model of TOS (type of service) that the network uses to help provide the appropriate QoS commitments. This model uses the 3 most significant bits of the service type byte in the IP header, as described in RFC 791 and RFC 1349.
ICMPIf the IP protocol of the ACL is ICMP, select the ICMP message type used for filtering purposes. Either select the message type by name or enter the message type number: AnyAll message types are accepted. Select from listSelect message type by name. ICMP Type to MatchNumber of message type to be used for filtering purposes.
315
Access Control
IPv6-based ACLs
18
ICMP CodeThe ICMP messages can have a code field that indicates how to handle the message. Select one of the following options to configure whether to filter on this code: AnyAccept all codes. User definedEnter an ICMP code for filtering purposes.
IGMPIf the ACL is based on IGMP, select the IGMP message type to be used for filtering purposes. Either select the message type by name or enter the message type number: AnyAll message types are accepted. Select from listSelect message type by name. IGMP Type to matchNumber of message type that will be used for filtering purposes.
STEP 5 Click Apply. The IPv4-based ACE is defined, and the Running Configuration file is
updated.
IPv6-based ACLs
The IPv6 Based ACL page displays and enables the creation of IPv6 ACLs, which check pure IPv6-based traffic. IPv6 ACLs do not check IPv6-over-IPv4 or ARP packets.
NOTE ACLs are also used as the building elements of flow definitions for per-flow QoS
handling (see QoS Advanced Mode).

To define an IPv6-based ACL:
STEP 1 Click Access Control > IPv6 Based ACL. The IPv6 Based ACL page opens.
This window displays the list of defined ACLs and their contents
STEP 2 Click Add. The Add IPv6-based ACL page opens. STEP 3 Enter the name of a new ACL in the ACL Name field. The names are
case-sensitive.
316
Access Control
IPv6-based ACLs
18
updated.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The IPv6-based ACL is defined, and the Running Configuration file is
Adding Rules (ACEs) for an IPv6-Based ACL

STEP 1 Click Access Control > IPv6 Based ACE. The IPv6 Based ACE page opens.
This window displays the ACE (rules) for a specified ACL (group of rules).
STEP 2 Select an ACL, and click Go. All currently-defined IP ACEs for the selected ACL are
displayed.
STEP 3 Click Add. The Add IPv6 Based ACE page opens. STEP 4 Enter the parameters.
ACL NameDisplays the name of the ACL to which an ACE is being added. PriorityEnter the priority. ACEs with higher priority are processed first. ActionSelect the action assigned to the packet matching the ACE. The options are as follows: PermitForward packets that meet the ACE criteria. DenyDrop packets that meet the ACE criteria. ShutdownDrop packets that meet the ACE criteria, and disable the port to which the packets were addressed. Ports are reactivated from the Port Management page.
ProtocolSelect to create an ACE based on a specific protocol. Select Any (IPv6) to accept all IP protocols. Otherwise select one of the following protocols: TCPTransmission Control Protocol. Enables two hosts to communicate and exchange data streams. TCP guarantees packet delivery, and guarantees that packets are transmitted and received in the order they were sent. UDPUser Datagram Protocol. Transmits packets but does not guarantee their delivery. ICMPMatches packets to the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP).
Protocol ID to MatchEnter the ID of the protocol to be matched.
317
Access Control
IPv6-based ACLs
18
Source IP AddressSelect Any if all source address are acceptable or User defined to enter a source address or range of source addresses. Source IP Address ValueEnter the IP address to which the source IP address will be matched and its mask (if relevant). Source IP Prefix LengthEnter the prefix length of the source IP address. Destination IP AddressSelect Any if all destination address are acceptable or User defined to enter a destination address or a range of destination addresses. Destination IP Address ValueEnter the IP address to which the destination MAC address will be matched and its mask (if relevant). Destination IP Prefix LengthEnter the prefix length of the IP address. Source PortSelect one of the following: AnyMatch to all source ports. SingleEnter a single TCP/UDP source port to which packets are matched. This field is active only if 800/6-TCP or 800/17-UDP is selected in the IP Protocol drop-down menu. RangeSelect a range of TCP/UDP source ports to which the packet is matched.
Destination PortSelect one of the available values. (They are the same as for the Source Port field described above).
NOTE You must specify the IPv6 protocol for the ACL before you can
configure the source and/or destination port. TCP FlagsSelect one of more TCP flags with which to filter packets. Filtered packets are either forwarded or dropped. Filtering packets by TCP flags increases packet control, which increases network security. SetMatch if the flag is SET. UnsetMatch if the flag is Not SET. Dont careIgnore the TCP flag.
Type of ServiceThe service type of the IP packet. ICMPIf the ACL is based on ICMP, select the ICMP message type that will be used for filtering purposes. Either select the message type by name or enter the message type number. If all message types are accepted, select Any.
318
Access Control
18
AnyAll message types are accepted. Select from listSelect message type by name from the drop-down list. ICMP Type to MatchNumber of message type that will be used for filtering purposes.
ICMP CodeThe ICMP messages may have a code field that indicates how to handle the message. Select one of the following options, to configure whether to filter on this code: AnyAccept all codes. User definedEnter an ICMP code for filtering purposes.
STEP 5 Click Apply.

When an ACL is bound to an interface, its ACE rules are applied to packets arriving at that interface. Packets that do not match any of the ACEs in the ACL are matched to a default rule, whose action is to drop unmatched packets. Although each interface can be bound to only one ACL, multiple interfaces can be bound to the same ACL by grouping them into a policy-map, and binding that policy-map to the interface. After an ACL is bound to an interface, it cannot be edited, modified, or deleted until it is removed from all the ports to which it is bound or in use. To bind an ACL to an interface:
STEP 1 Click Access Control > ACL Binding. The ACL Binding page opens. STEP 2 Select an interface type Ports/LAGs (Port or LAG). STEP 3 Click Go. The list of ports/LAGs is displayed. For each type of interface selected,
all interfaces of that type are displayed with a list of their current ACLs: InterfaceIdentifier of interface. MAC ACLACLs of type MAC that are bound to the interface (if any). IPv4 ACLACLs of type IPv4 that are bound to the interface (if any).
319
Access Control
18
IPv6 ACLACLs of type IPv6 that are bound to the interface (if any).
NOTE To unbind all ACLs from an interface, select the interface, and click
Clear.
STEP 4 Select an interface, and click Edit. The Edit ACL Binding page opens. STEP 5 Select the Interface to which the ACLs are to be bound. STEP 6 Select one of the following:
Select MAC Based ACLSelect a MAC-based ACL to be bound to the interface. Select IPv4 Based ACLSelect an IPv4-based ACL to be bound to the interface. Select IPv6 Based ACLSelect an IPv6-based ACL to be bound to the interface.
STEP 7 Click Apply. The ACL binding is modified, and the Running Configuration file is
updated.
NOTE If no ACL is selected, the ACL(s) that is previously bound to the
interface is unbound.
320
19
Configuring Quality of Service
The Quality of Service feature is applied throughout the network to ensure that network traffic is prioritized according to required criteria and the desired traffic receives preferential treatment. This section contains the following topics: QoS Features and Components Configuring QoS - General QoS Basic Mode QoS Advanced Mode Managing QoS Statistics
321

19

The QoS feature is used to optimize network performance. QoS provides the following: Classification of incoming traffic to traffic classes, based on attributes, including: Device Configuration Ingress interface Packet content Combination of these attributes
QoS includes the following: Traffic ClassificationClassifies each incoming packet as belonging to a specific traffic flow, based on the packet contents and/or the port.The classification is done by ACL (Access Control List), and only traffic that meets the ACL criteria is subject to CoS or QoS classification Assignment to Hardware QueuesAssigns incoming packets to forwarding queues. Packets are sent to a particular queue for handling as a function of the traffic class to which they belong. Other Traffic Class-Handling AttributeApplies QoS mechanisms to various classes, including bandwidth management.
QoS Modes
The QoS mode that is selected applies to all interfaces in the system. Basic ModeClass of Service (CoS). All traffic of the same class receives the same treatment, which is the single QoS action of determining the egress queue on the egress port, based on the indicated QoS value in the incoming frame. This can be the VLAN Priority Tag (VPT) 802.1p value in Layer 2 and the Differentiated Service Code Point (DSCP) value for IPv4 or Traffic Class (TC) value for IPv6 in Layer 3. When operating in Basic Mode, the switch trusts this external assigned QoS value. The external assigned QoS value of a packet determines its traffic class and QoS.
322

19
The header field to be trusted is entered in the Global Settings page. For every value of that field, an egress queue is assigned where the frame is sent in the CoS/802.1p to Queue page or the DSCP to Queue page (depending on whether the trust mode is CoS/802.1p or DSCP, respectively). Advanced ModePer-flow Quality of Service (QoS). In advanced mode, a per flow QoS consists of a class map and/or a policer: A class map defines the kind of traffic in a flow, and contains one or more ACLs. Packets that match the ACLs belong to the flow. A policer applies the configured QoS to a flow. The QoS configuration of a flow may consist of egress queue, the DSCP or CoS/802.1p value, and actions on out of profile (excess) traffic.
Disable ModeIn this mode all traffic is mapped to a single best effort queue, so that no type of traffic is prioritized over another.
Only a single mode can be active at a time. When the system is configured to work in QoS Advanced mode, settings for QoS Basic mode are not active and vice versa. When the mode is changed, the following occurs: When changing from QoS Advanced mode to any other mode, policy profile definitions and class maps are deleted. ACLs bonded directly to interfaces remain bonded. When changing from QoS Basic mode to Advanced mode, the QoS Trust mode configuration in Basic mode is not retained. When disabling QoS, the shaper and queue setting (WRR/SP bandwidth setting) are reset to default values.
All other user configurations remain intact.
QoS Workflow
To configure general QoS parameters, perform the following:
STEP 1 Choose the QoS mode (Basic, Advanced, or Disabled, as described in the QoS
Modes section) for the system by using the QoS Properties page. The following steps in the workflow, assume that you have chosen to enable QoS.
STEP 2 Assign each interface a default CoS priority by using the QoS Properties page.
323

Configuring QoS - General
19
STEP 3 Assign the schedule method (Strict Priority or WRR) and bandwidth allocation for
WRR to the egress queues by using the Queue page.

STEP 4 Designate an egress queue to each IP DSCP/TC value with the DSCP to Queue
page. If the switch is in DSCP trusted mode, incoming packets are put into the egress queues based on the their DSCP/TC value.
STEP 5 Designate an egress queue to each CoS/802.1p priority. If the switch is in CoS/
802.1 trusted mode, all incoming packets will be put into the designated egress queues according to the CoS/802.1p priority in the packets. This is done by using the CoS/802.1p to Queue page.
STEP 6 If required for Layer 3 traffic only, assign a queue to each DSCP/TC value, by using
the DSCP to Queue page.

STEP 7 Enter bandwidth and rate limits in the following pages:
a. Set egress shaping per queue by using the Egress Shaping Per Queue page. b. Set ingress rate limit and egress shaping rate per port by using the Bandwidth page. c. Set VLAN ingress rate limit by using the VLAN Ingress Rate Limit page.
STEP 8 Configure the selected mode by performing one of the following:
a. Configure Basic mode, as described in Workflow to Configure Basic QoS Mode b. Configure Advanced mode, as described in Workflow to Configure Advanced QoS Mode.

The QoS Properties Page contains fields for setting the QoS mode for the system (Basic, Advanced, or Disabled, as described in the QoS Modes section). In addition, the default CoS priority for each interface can be defined.
324

19
Setting QoS Properties

To select the QoS mode:
STEP 1 Click Quality of Service > General > QoS Properties. The QoS Properties page
opens.
STEP 2 Select the QoS Mode (Disable, Basic, or Advanced) that will be active on the
switch and click Apply.

STEP 3 Select Port/LAG and click GO to display/modify all ports/LAGs and their CoS
information. The following fields are displayed for all ports/LAGs: InterfaceType of interface. Default CoSDefault VPT value for incoming packets that do not have a VLAN Tag. The default CoS is 0. The default is only relevant for untagged frames and only if the system is in Basic mode and Trust CoS is selected in the Global Settings page.
Select Restore Defaults to restore the factory CoS default setting for this interface.
To set QoS on an interface, select it, and click Edit. The Edit Interface CoS Configuration page opens.
InterfaceSelect the port or LAG. Default CoSSelect the default CoS (Class-of-Service) value to be assigned for incoming packets (that do not have a VLAN tag). The range is 0-7.
STEP 2 Click Apply. The interface default CoS value is set, and the Running Configuration
file is updated.
325

19
Configuring QoS Queues

The switch supports four queues for each interface. Queue number four is the highest priority queue. Queue number one is the lowest priority queue. There are two ways of determining how traffic in queues is handled, Strict Priority and Weighted Round Robin (WRR). Strict PriorityEgress traffic from the highest-priority queue is transmitted first. Traffic from the lower queues is processed only after the highest queue has been transmitted, thus providing the highest level of priority of traffic to the highest numbered queue. Weighted Round Robin (WRR)In WRR mode the number of packets sent from the queue is proportional to the weight of the queue (the higher the weight the more frames are sent). For example, if all four queues are WRR and the default weights are used, queue1 receives 1/15 of the bandwidth (assuming all queues are saturated and there is congestion), queue 2 receives 2/15, queue 3 receives 4/ 15 and queue 4 receives 8 /15 of the bandwidth. The type of WRR algorithm used in the device is not the standard Deficit WRR (DWRR), but rather Shaped Deficit WRR (SDWRR). The queuing modes can be selected in the Queue page. When the queuing mode is by strict priority, the priority sets the order in which queues are serviced, starting with queue_4 (the highest priority queue) and going to the next lower queue when each queue is completed. When the queuing mode is Weighted Round Robin, queues are serviced until their quota has been used up and then another queue is serviced. It is also possible to assign some of the lower queues to WRR, while keeping some of the higher queues in strict priority. In this case traffic for the strict priority queues is always sent before traffic from the WRR queues. Only after the strict priority queues have been emptied is traffic from the WRR queues forwarded. (The relative portion from each WRR queue depends on its weight).
326

19
To select the priority method and enter WRR data.

STEP 1 Click Quality of Service > General > Queue. The Queue page opens. STEP 2 Enter the parameters.
QueueDisplays the queue number. Scheduling Method: Select one of the following options: -
Strict PriorityTraffic scheduling for the selected queue and all higher
queues is based strictly on the queue priority.
WRRTraffic scheduling for the selected queue is based on WRR. The

period time is divided between the WRR queues that are not empty, meaning they have descriptors to egress. This happens only if strict priority queues are empty.
WRR WeightIf WRR is selected, enter the WRR weight assigned to the
queue.
% of WRR BandwidthDisplays the amount of bandwidth assigned to the queue. These values represent the percent of the WRR weight.
STEP 3 Click Apply. The queues are configured, and the Running Configuration file is
updated.
Mapping CoS/802.1p to a Queue

The CoS/802.1p to Queue page maps 802.1p priorities to egress queues. The CoS/802.1p to Queue Table determines the egress queues of the incoming packets based on the 802.1p priority in their VLAN Tags. For incoming untagged packets, the 802.1p priority will be the default CoS/802.1p priority assigned to the ingress ports. Default Mapping Queues 802.1p Values (0-7, 7 being the highest) 0 Queue (4 queues 14, 4 being the highest priority) 1 Queue (2 queues: Normal and High) Normal Notes
Background
327

19
Queue (4 queues 14, 4 being the highest priority) 1 2 3 3 4 4 4 Queue (2 queues: Normal and High) Normal Normal Normal Normal High High High Notes
802.1p Values (0-7, 7 being the highest) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Best Effort Excellent Effort Critical Application LVS phone SIP Video Voice Cisco IP phone default Interwork Control LVS phone RTP Network Control
By changing the CoS/802.1p to Queue mapping and the Queue schedule method and bandwidth allocation, it is possible to achieve the desired quality of services in a network. The CoS/802.1p to Queue mapping is applicable only if one of the following exists: The switch is in QoS Basic mode and CoS/802.1p trusted mode The switch is in QoS Advanced mode and the packets belong to flows that are CoS/802.1p trusted
Queue 1 has the lowest priority, queue 4 has the highest priority. To map CoS values to egress queues:
STEP 1 Click Quality of Service > General > CoS/802.1p to Queue. The CoS/802.1p to
Queue page opens.

802.1pDisplays the 802.1p priority tag values to be assigned to an egress queue, where 0 is the lowest and 7 is the highest priority.
328

19
Output QueueSelect the egress queue to which the 802.1p priority is mapped. Four egress queues are supported, where Queue 4 is the highest priority egress queue and Queue1 is the lowest priority.
STEP 3 For each 802.1p priority, select the Output Queue to which it is mapped. STEP 4 Click Apply. 801.1p priority values to queues are mapped, and the Running
Mapping DSCP to Queue

The DSCP (IP Differentiated Services Code Point) to Queue page maps DSCP to egress queues. The DSCP to Queue Table determines the egress queues of the incoming IP packets based on their DSCP values. The original VPT (VLAN Priority Tag) of the packet is unchanged. By simply changing the DSCP to Queue mapping and the Queue schedule method and bandwidth allocation, it is possible to achieve the desired quality of services in a network. The DSCP to Queue mapping is applicable to IP packets if: The switch is in QoS Basic mode and DSCP is the trusted mode, or The switch is in QoS Advanced mode and the packets belongs to flows that is DSCP trusted
Non-IP packets are always classified to the best-effort queue To map DSCP to queues:
STEP 1 Click Quality of Service > General > DSCP to Queue. The DSCP to Queue page
opens. The DSCP to Queue page contains Ingress DSCP. It displays the DSCP value in the incoming packet and its associated class.
STEP 2 Select the Output Queue (traffic forwarding queue) to which the DSCP value is
mapped.
329

19
Configuring Bandwidth
The Bandwidth page enables network managers to define two sets of values, Ingress Rate Limit and Egress Shaping Rate, that determine how much traffic the system can receive and send. The ingress rate limit is the number of bits per second that can be received from the ingress interface. Excess bandwidth above this limit is discarded. The following values are entered for egress shaping: Committed Information Rate (CIR) sets the average maximum amount of data allowed to be sent on the egress interface, measured in bits per second Committed Burst Size (CBS) is the burst of data that is allowed to be sent, even though it is above the CIR. This is defined in number of bytes of data.
To enter bandwidth limitation:

STEP 1 Click Quality of Service > General > Bandwidth. The Bandwidth page opens.
The Bandwidth page displays bandwidth information for each interface. The % column is the ingress rate limit for the port divided by the total port bandwidth.
STEP 2 Select an interface, and click Edit. The Edit Bandwidth page opens. STEP 3 Select the Port or LAG interface. STEP 4 Enter the fields for the selected interface:
Ingress Rate LimitSelect to enable the ingress rate limit, which is defined in the field below. Ingress Rate LimitEnter the maximum amount of bandwidth allowed on the interface.
NOTE The two Ingress Rate Limit fields do not appear when the interface type is LAG.
Egress Shaping RateSelect to enable egress shaping on the interface. Committed Information Rate (CIR)Enter the maximum bandwidth for the egress interface. Committed Burst Size (CBS)Enter the maximum burst size of data for the egress interface in bytes of data. This amount can be sent even if it temporarily increases the bandwidth beyond the allowed limit.
330

19
STEP 5 Click Apply. The bandwidth settings are modified, and the Running Configuration
file is updated.
Configuring Egress Shaping per Queue

In addition to limiting transmission rate per port, which is done in the Bandwidth page, the switch can limit the transmission rate of selected egressing frames on a per-queue per-port basis. Egress rate limiting is performed by shaping the output load. The switch limits all frames except for management frames. Any frames that are not limited are ignored in the rate calculations, meaning that their size is not included in the limit total. Per-queue Egress rate shaping can be disabled. To define egress shaping per queue:
STEP 1 Click Quality of Service > General > Egress Shaping per Queue. The Egress
Shaping Per Queue page opens. The Egress Shaping Per Queue page displays the rate limit and burst size for each queue.
STEP 2 Select an interface type (Port or LAG), and click Go. The list of Ports/LAGs is
displayed.
STEP 3 Select a Port/LAG, and click Edit. The Edit Egress Shaping Per Queue page
opens. This page enables shaping the egress for up to four queues on each interface.
STEP 4 Select the Interface. STEP 5 For each queue that is required, enter the following fields:
Enable ShapingSelect to enable egress shaping on this queue. Committed Information Rate (CIR)Enter the maximum rate (CIR) in Kbits per second (Kbps). CIR is the average maximum amount of data that can be sent. Committed Burst Size (CBS)Enter the maximum burst size (CBS) in bytes. CBS is the maximum burst of data allowed to be sent even if a burst exceeds CIR.
331

19
STEP 6 Click Apply. The bandwidth settings are modified, and the Running Configuration
file is updated.
Configuring VLAN Rate Limit

NOTE The VLAN Rate Limit feature is not available when the switch is in Layer 3 mode.
Rate limiting per VLAN, performed in the VLAN Ingress Rate Limit page, enables traffic limiting on VLANs. QoS rate limiting (configured in the Policy Table page) has priority over VLAN rate limiting. For example, if a packet is subject to QoS rate limits but is also subject to VLAN rate limiting, and the rate limits conflict, the QoS rate limits take precedence. When VLAN ingress rate limiting is configured, it limits aggregate traffic from all the ports on the switch. VLAN Rate Limiting is configured at the device level and rate limits are applied independently for each device in the network. If there is more than one device in the system (for example if a network includes 2 Cisco 24-port 10/100 switches participating in the same VLAN), the configured VLAN rate limit values will be applied on each of the devices independently. To define the VLAN ingress rate limit:
STEP 1 Click Quality of Service > General > VLAN Ingress Rate Limit (Layer 2). The
VLAN Ingress Rate Limit (Layer 2) page opens.

This page displays the VLAN Ingress Rate Limit Table.
STEP 2 Click Add. The Add VLAN Ingress Rate Limit page opens. STEP 3 Enter the parameters.
VLAN IDSelect a VLAN. Committed Information Rate (CIR)Enter the average maximum amount of data that can be accepted into the VLAN in Kilobytes per second. Committed Burst Size (CBS)Enter the maximum burst size of data for the egress interface in bytes of data. This amount can be sent even if it temporarily increases the bandwidth beyond the allowed limit. Cannot be entered for LAGs.
332

QoS Basic Mode
19
STEP 4 Click Apply. The VLAN rate limit is added, and the Running Configuration file is
updated.
TCP Congestion Avoidance

The TCP Congestion Avoidance page enables activating a TCP congestion avoidance algorithm. The algorithm breaks up or avoids TCP global synchronization in a congested node, where the congestion is due to various sources sending packets with the same byte count. To configure TCP congestion avoidance:
STEP 1 Click Quality of Service > General > TCP Congestion Avoidance. The TCP
Congestion Avoidance page opens.

STEP 2 Click Enable to enable TCP congestion avoidance, and click Apply.
QoS Basic Mode

In QoS Basic mode, a specific domain in the network can be defined as trusted. Within that domain, packets are marked with 802.1p priority and/or DSCP to signal the type of service they require. Nodes within the domain use these fields to assign the packet to a specific output queue. The initial packet classification and marking of these fields is done in the ingress of the trusted domain.
Workflow to Configure Basic QoS Mode

To configure Basic QoS mode, perform the following: 1. Select Basic mode for the system by using the QoS Properties page. 2. Select the trust-behavior using the Global Setting page. The switch supports CoS/802.1p trusted mode and DSCP trusted mode. CoS/802.1p trusted mode uses the 802.1p priority in the VLAN tag. DSCP trusted mode use the DSCP value in the IP header.
333

QoS Basic Mode
19
If there is any port that, as an exception, should not trust the incoming CoS mark, disable the QoS state on that port using the Interface Settings page. Enable or disable the global selected trusted mode at the ports by using the Interface Settings page. If a port is disabled without trusted mode, all its ingress packets are forward in best effort. It is recommended that you disable the trusted mode at the ports where the CoS/802.1p and/or DSCP values in the incoming packets are not trustworthy. Otherwise, it might negatively affect the performance of your network
Configuring Global Settings

The Global Settings page contains information for enabling Trust on the switch (see the Trust Mode field below). This configuration is active when the QoS mode is Basic mode. Packets entering a QoS domain are classified at the edge of the QoS domain. To define the Trust configuration:
STEP 1 Click Quality of Service > QoS Basic Mode > Global Settings. The Global

STEP 2 Select the Trust Mode while the switch is in Basic mode. If a packet CoS level and
DSCP tag are mapped to separate queues, the Trust mode determines the queue to which the packet is assigned: CoS/802.1pTraffic is mapped to queues based on the VPT field in the VLAN tag, or based on the per-port default CoS/802.1p value (if there is no VLAN tag on the incoming packet), the actual mapping of the VPT to queue can be configured in the mapping CoS/802.1p to Queue page. DSCPAll IP traffic is mapped to queues based on the DSCP field in the IP header. The actual mapping of the DSCP to queue can be configured in the DSCP to Queue page. If traffic is not IP traffic, it is mapped to the best effort queue. CoS/802.1p-DSCPEither CoS/802.1p or DSCP whichever has been set.
STEP 3 Select Override Ingress DSCP to override the original DSCP values in the
incoming packets with the new values according to the DSCP Override Table. When Override Ingress DSCP is enabled, the switch will use the new DSCP values for egress queueing. It also replaces the original DSCP values in the packets with the new DSCP values.
334

QoS Basic Mode
19
NOTE The frame is mapped to an egress queue using the new, rewritten
value, and not by the original DSCP value.

STEP 4 If Override Ingress DSCP was enabled, click DSCP Override Table to
reconfigure DSCP. The DSCP Override Table page opens. DSCP In displays the DSCP value of the incoming packet that needs to be remarked to an alternative value.
STEP 5 Select the New DSCP value to where the incoming value is mapped. STEP 6 Click Apply. The Running Configuration file is updated with the new DSCP values.
Interface QoS Settings

The Interface Settings page enables configuring QoS on each port of the switch, as follows: QoS State Disabled on an InterfaceAll inbound traffic on the port is mapped to the best effort queue and no classification/prioritization takes place. QoS State of the Port is EnabledPort prioritize traffic on ingress is based on the system wide configured trusted mode, which is either CoS/ 802.1p trusted mode or DSCP trusted mode. To enter QoS settings per interface:
STEP 1 Click Quality of Service > QoS Basic Mode > Interface Settings. The Interface

STEP 2 Select Port or LAG to display the list of ports or LAGs.
The list of ports/LAGs is displayed. QoS State displays whether QoS is enabled on the interface.
STEP 3 Select an interface, and click Edit. The Edit QoS Interface Settings opens. STEP 4 Select the Port or LAG interface. STEP 5 Click to enable or disable QoS State for this interface. STEP 6 Click Apply. The Running Configuration file is updated.
335

QoS Advanced Mode
19
QoS Advanced Mode

Frames that match an ACL and were permitted entrance are implicitly labeled with the name of the ACL that permitted their entrance. Advanced mode QoS actions can then be applied to these flows. In QoS advanced mode, the switch uses policies to support per flow QoS. A policy and its components have the following characteristics and relationships: A policy contains one or more class maps. A class map defines a flow with one or more associating ACLs. Packets that match only ACL rules (ACE) in a class map with Permit (forward) action are considered belonging to the same flow, and are subjected to the same quality of services. Thus, a policy contains one or more flows, each with a user defined QoS. The QoS of a class map (flow) is enforced by the associating policer. There are two type of policers, single policer and aggregate policer. Each policer is configured with a QoS specification. A single policer applies the QoS to a single class map, and thus to a single flow, based on the policer QoS specification. An aggregate policer applies the QoS to one or more class maps, and thus one or more flows. An aggregate policer can support class maps from different policies. Per flow QoS are applied to flows by binding the policies to the desired ports. A policy and its class maps can be bound to one or more ports, but each port is bound with at most one policy.
Notes: Single policer and aggregation policer are available when the switch is in Layer 2 mode. An ACL can be configured to one or more class maps regardless of policies. A class map can belong to only one policy. When a class map using single policer is bound to multiple ports, each port has its own instance of single policer; each applying the QoS on the class map (flow) at a port independent of each other. An aggregate policer will apply the QoS to all its flow(s) in aggregation regardless of policies and ports.
336

QoS Advanced Mode
19
Advanced QoS settings consist of three parts: Definitions of the rules to match. All frames matching a single group of rules are considered to be a flow. Definition of the actions to be applied to frames in each flow that match the rules. Binding the combinations of rules and action to one or more interfaces.
Workflow to Configure Advanced QoS Mode

To configure Advanced QoS mode, perform the following: 1. Select Advanced mode for the system by using the QoS Properties page. Select the Trust Mode using the Global Settings page. If a packet CoS level and DSCP tag are mapped to separate queues, the Trust mode determines the queue to which the packet is assigned: If internal DSCP values are different from those used on incoming packets, map the external values to internal values by using the Out-of-Profile DSCP Mapping page. This in turn opens the DSCP Remarking page.
2. Create ACLs, as described in Create ACL Workflow. 3. If ACLs were defined, create class maps and associate the ACLs with them by using the Class Mapping page. 4. Create a policy using the Policy Table page, and associate the policy with one or more class maps using the Policy Class Map page. You can also specify the QoS, if needed, by assigning a policer to a class map when you associate the class map to the policy. Single PolicerCreate a policy that associates a class map with a single policer by using the Policy Table page and the Class Mapping page. Within the policy, define the single policer. Aggregate PolicerCreate a QoS action for each flow that sends all matching frames to the same policer (aggregate policer) by using the Aggregate Policer page. Create a policy that associates a class map with the aggregate policer by using the Policy Table page.
5. Bind the policy to an interface by using the Policy Binding page.
337

QoS Advanced Mode
19
Configuring Global Settings

The Global Settings page contains information for enabling Trust on the switch. Packets entering a QoS domain are classified at the edge of the QoS domain. To define the Trust configuration:
STEP 1 Click Quality of Service > QoS Advanced Mode > Global Settings. The Global

STEP 2 Select the Trust Mode while the switch is in Advanced mode. If a packet CoS level
and DSCP tag are mapped to separate queues, the Trust mode determines the queue to which the packet is assigned: CoS/802.1pTraffic is mapped to queues based on the VPT field in the VLAN tag, or based on the per-port default CoS/802.1p value (if there is no VLAN tag on the incoming packet), the actual mapping of the VPT to queue can be configured in the mapping CoS/802.1p to Queue page. DSCPAll IP traffic is mapped to queues based on the DSCP field in the IP header. The actual mapping of the DSCP to queue can be configured in the DSCP to Queue page. If traffic is not IP traffic, it is mapped to the best effort queue. CoS/802.1p-DSCPSelect to use Trust CoS mode for non-IP traffic and Trust DSCP for IP traffic.
STEP 3 Select the default Advanced mode QoS trust mode (either trusted or untrusted) for
interfaces in the Default Mode Status field. This provides basic QoS functionality on Advanced QoS, so that you can trust CoS/DSCP on Advanced QoS by default (without having to create a policy). In QoS Advanced Mode, when the Default Mode Status is set to Not Trusted, the Default CoS values configured on the interface will be used for prioritizing the traffic arriving on the interface. See the Quality of Service > QoS Advanced Mode > Global Settings page for details. If you have a policy on an interface then the Default Mode is irrelevant, the action is according to the policy configuration and unmatched traffic is dropped.
STEP 4 Select Override Ingress DSCP to override the original DSCP values in the
incoming packets with the new values according to the DSCP Override Table. When Override Ingress DSCP is enabled, the switch will use the new DSCP values for egress queueing. It also replaces the original DSCP values in the packets with the new DSCP values.
338

QoS Advanced Mode
19
NOTE The frame is mapped to an egress queue using the new, rewritten
value, and not by the original DSCP value.

STEP 5 If Override Ingress DSCP was enabled, click DSCP Override Table to
reconfigure DSCP. See the DSCP Override Table page for details.
Configuring Out-of-Profile DSCP Mapping

When a policer is assigned to a class maps (flows), you can specify the action to take when the amount of traffic in the flow(s) exceeds the QoS-specified limits. The portion of the traffic that causes the flow to exceed its QoS limit is referred to as out-of-profile packets. If the exceed action is Out of Profile DSCP, the switch remaps the original DSCP value of the out-of-profile IP packets with a new value based on the Out of Profile DSCP Mapping Table. The switch uses the new values to assign resources and the egress queues to these packets. The switch also physically replaces the original DSCP value in the out of profile packets with the new DSCP value. To use the out-of-profile DSCP exceed action, remap the DSCP value in the Out Of Profile DSCP Mapping Table. Otherwise the action is null, because the DSCP value in the table remaps the packets to itself by factory default. This feature changes the DSCP tags for incoming traffic switched between trusted QoS domains. Changing the DSCP values used in one domain, sets the priority of that type of traffic to the DSCP value used in the other domain to identify the same type of traffic. These settings are active when the system is in the QoS basic mode, and once activated they are active globally. For example: Assume that there are three levels of service: Silver, Gold, and Platinum and the DSCP incoming values used to mark these levels are 10, 20, and 30 respectively. If this traffic is forwarded to another service provider that has the same three levels of service, but uses DSCP values 16, 24, and 48, Out of Profile DSCP Mapping changes the incoming values as they are mapped to the outgoing values. To map DSCP values:
339

QoS Advanced Mode
19
STEP 1 Click Quality of Service > QoS Advanced Mode > Out of Profile DSCP Mapping.
The Out of Profile DSCP Mapping page opens. This page enables setting the change-the-DSCP-value of traffic entering or leaving the switch. DSCP In displays the DSCP value of the incoming packet that needs to be remarked to an alternative value.
STEP 2 Select the DSCP Out value to where the incoming value is mapped. STEP 3 Click Apply. The Running Configuration file is updated with the new DSCP
Mapping table.
Defining Class Mapping

A Class Map defines a traffic flow with ACLs (Access Control Lists). A MAC ACL, IP ACL, and IPv6 ACL can be combined into a class map. Class maps are configured to match packet criteria on a match-all or match-any basis. They are matched to packets on a first-fit basis, meaning that the action associated with the first-matched class map is the action performed by the system. Packets that matches the same class map are considered to belong to the same flow.
NOTE Defining class maps does not have any effect on QoS; it is an interim step, enabling
the class maps to be used later. If more complex sets of rules are needed, several class maps can be grouped into a super-group called a policy (see the Configuring a Policy section). The Class Mapping page shows the list of defined class maps and the ACLs comprising each, and enables you to add/delete class maps. To define a Class Map:
STEP 1 Click Quality of Service > QoS Advanced Mode > Class Mapping. The Class
Mapping page opens. This page displays the already-defined class maps.
STEP 2 Click Add. The Add Class Mapping page opens.
A new class map is added by selecting one or two ACLs and giving the class map a name. If a class map has two ACLs, you can specify that a frame must match both ACLs, or that it must match either one or both of the ACLs selected.
340

QoS Advanced Mode
19
Class Map NameEnter the name of a new class map. Match ACL TypeThe criteria that a packet must match in order to be considered to belong to the flow defined in the class map. The options are: -
IPA packet must match either of the IP based ACLs in the class map. MACA packet must match the MAC based ACL in the class map. IP and MACA packet must match the IP based ACL and the MAC based
ACL in the class map.
IP or MACA packet must match either the IP based ACL or the MAC
based ACL in the class map.
IPSelect the IPv4 based ACL or the IPv6 based ACL for the class map. MACSelect the MAC based ACL for the class map. Preferred ACLSelect whether packets are first matched to an IP-based ACL or a MAC-based ACL.
QoS Policers
You can measure the rate of traffic that matches a pre-defined set of rules, and to enforce limits, such as limiting the rate of file-transfer traffic that is allowed on a port. This can be done by using the ACLs in the class map(s) to match the desired traffic, and by using a policer to apply the QoS on the matching traffic.
NOTE QoS policers are not supported when the switch is in Layer 3 mode.
A policer is configured with a QoS specification. There are two kinds of policers: Single (Regular) PolicerA single policer applies the QoS to a single class map, and to a single flow based on the policer's QoS specification. When a class map using single policer is bound to multiple ports, each port has its own instance of single policer; each applying the QoS on the class map (flow) at ports that are otherwise independent of each other. A single policer is created in the Policy Table page. Aggregate PolicerAn aggregate policer applies the QoS to one or more class maps, and one or more flows. An aggregation policer can support
341

QoS Advanced Mode
19
class maps from different policies. An aggregate policer applies QoS to all its flow(s) in aggregation regardless of policies and ports. An aggregate policer is created in the Aggregate Policer page. An aggregate policer is defined if the policer is to be shared with more than one class. Each policer is defined with its own QoS specification with a combination of the following parameters: A maximum allowed rate, called a Committed Information Rate (CIR), measured in Kbps. An amount of traffic, measured in bytes, called a Committed Burst Size (CBS). This is traffic that is allowed to pass as a temporary burst even if it is above the defined maximum rate. An action to be applied to frames that are over the limits (called out-ofprofile traffic), where such frames can be passed as is, dropped, or passed, but remapped to a new DSCP value that marks them as lower-priority frames for all subsequent handling within the device.
Assigning a policer to a class map is done when a class map is added to a policy. If the policer is an aggregate policer, you must create it using the Aggregate Policer page.
Defining Aggregate Policers

An aggregate policer applies the QoS to one or more class maps, therefore one or more flows. An aggregation policer can support class maps from different policies and will apply the QoS to all its flow(s) in aggregation regardless of policies and ports.
NOTE The switch supports aggregate policers and single policers only when operating in
Layer 2 mode. To define an aggregate policer:

STEP 1 Click Quality of Service > QoS Advanced Mode > Aggregate Policer (Layer 2).
The Aggregate Policer (Layer 2) page opens. This page displays the existing aggregate policers.
STEP 2 Click Add. The Add Aggregate Policer page opens.
342

QoS Advanced Mode
19
Aggregate Policer NameEnter the name of the Aggregate Policer. Ingress Committed Information Rate (CIR)Enter the maximum bandwidth allowed in bits per second. See description in the Bandwidth page. Ingress Committed Burst Size (CBS)Enter the maximum burst size (even if it goes beyond the CIR) in bytes. See description in the Bandwidth page. Exceed ActionSelect the action to be performed on incoming packets that exceed the CIR. Possible values are: ForwardPackets exceeding the defined CIR value are forwarded. DropPackets exceeding the defined CIR value are dropped. Out of Profile DSCPThe DSCP values of packets exceeding the defined CIR value are remapped to a value based on the Out Of Profile DSCP Mapping Table.
Configuring a Policy
The Policy Table Map page displays the list of advanced QoS polices defined in the system. The page also allows you to create and delete polices. Only those policies that are bound to an interface are active (see Policy Binding page). Each policy consists of: One or more class maps of ACLs which define the traffic flows in the policy. One or more aggregates that applies the QoS to the traffic flows in the policy.
After a policy has been added, class maps can be added by using the Policy Table page.
343

QoS Advanced Mode
19
To add a QoS policy:

STEP 1 Click Quality of Service > QoS Advanced Mode > Policy Table. The Policy Table
page opens. This page displays the list of defined policies.

STEP 2 Click Policy Class Map Table to display the Policy Class Maps page.
-or Click Add to open the Add Policy Table page.

STEP 3 Enter the name of the new policy in the New Policy Name field. STEP 4 Click Apply. The QoS policy profile is added, and the Running Configuration file is
updated.
Policy Class Maps

One or more class maps can be added to a policy. A class map defines the type of packets that are considered to belong to the same traffic flow.
NOTE You cannot configure a policer to a class map when the switch is operating in
Layer 3 mode. The switch supports policers only in Layer 2 mode. To add a class map to a policy:
STEP 1 Click Quality of Service > QoS Advanced Mode > Policy Class Maps. The Policy
Class Maps (Layer 3) page opens.

STEP 2 Select a policy in the Filter, and click Go. All class maps in that policy are
displayed.
STEP 3 To add a new class map, click Add. The Add Policy Class Map page opens. STEP 4 Enter the parameters.
Policy NameDisplays the policy to which the class map is being added. Class Map NameSelect an existing class map to be associated with the policy. Class maps are created in the Class Mapping page. Action TypeSelect the action regarding the ingress CoS/802.1p and/or DSCP value of all the matching packets.
344

QoS Advanced Mode
19
Use default trust modeIgnore the ingress CoS/802.1p and/or DSCP
value. The matching packets are sent as best effort.
Always TrustIf this option is selected, the switch will trust the CoS/ 802.1p and DSCP of the matching packet. If a packet is an IP packet, the switch will put the packet in the egress queue based on its DSCP value and the DSCP to Queue Table. Otherwise, the egress queue of the packet is based on the packet's CoS/802.1p value and the CoS/802.1p to Queue Table. SetIf this option is selected, use the value entered in the New Value box
to determine the egress queue of the matching packets as follows: If the new value (0..7) is a CoS/802.1p priority, use the priority value and the CoS/802.1p to Queue Table to determine the egress queue of all the matching packets. If the new value (0..63) is a DSCP, use the new DSCP and the DSCP to Queue Table to determine the egress queue of the matching IP packets. Otherwise, use the new value (1..4) as the egress queue number for all the matching packets.
Police TypeAvailable in Layer 2 Mode only. Select the policer type for the policy. The options are: NoneNo policy is used. SingleThe policer for the policy is a single policer. AggregateThe policer for the policy is an aggregate policer.
Aggregate PolicerAvailable in Layer 2 Mode only. If Police Type is Aggregate, select a previously-defined (in the Aggregate Policer page) aggregate policer.
If Police Type is Single, enter the following QoS parameters: Ingress Committed Information Rate (CIR)Enter the CIR in Kbps. See description in the Bandwidth page. Ingress Committed Burst Size (CBS)Enter the CBS in bytes. See description in the Bandwidth page. Exceed ActionSelect the action assigned to incoming packets exceeding the CIR. The options are: NoneNo action.
345

19
DropPackets exceeding the defined CIR value are dropped. Out of Profile DSCPIP packets exceeding the defined CIR are forwarding with a new DSCP derived from the Out Of Profile DSCP Mapping Table.
STEP 5 Click Apply.
Policy Binding
The Policy Binding page shows which policy profile is bound and to which port. When a policy profile is bound to a specific port, it is active on that port. Only one policy profile can be configured on a single port, but a single policy can be bound to more than one port. When a policy is bound to a port, it filters and applies QoS to ingress traffic that belongs to the flows defined in the policy. The policy does not apply to traffic egress to the same port. To edit a policy, it must first be removed (unbound) from all those ports to which it is bound. To define policy binding:
STEP 1 Click Quality of Service > QoS Advanced Mode > Policy Binding. The Policy
Binding page opens.

STEP 2 Select a Policy Name. STEP 3 Select the Interface Type assigned to the policy. STEP 4 Click Apply. The QoS policy binding is defined, and the Running Configuration file
is updated.

From this page you can manage the Single Policer, Aggregated Policer, and view queues statistics.
346

19
Viewing Policer Statistics

A Single Policer is bound to a class map from a single policy. An Aggregate Policer is bound to one or more class maps from one or more policies.
Viewing Single Policer Statistics

The Single Policer Statistics page indicates the number of in-profile and out-ofprofile packets that are received from an interface that meet the conditions defined in the class map of a policy.
NOTE This page is not displayed when the switch is in Layer 3 mode.
To view policer statistics:

STEP 1 Click Quality of Service > QoS Statistics > Single Policer Statistics. The Single
Policer Statistics page opens. This page displays the following fields: InterfaceStatistics are displayed for this interface. PolicyStatistics are displayed for this policy. Class MapStatistics are displayed for this class map. In-Profile BytesNumber of in-profile bytes received. Out-of-Profile BytesNumber of out-profile bytes received.
STEP 2 Click Add. The Add Single Policer Statistics page opens. STEP 3 Enter the parameters.
InterfaceSelect the interface for which statistics are accumulated. Policy NameSelect the policy name. Class Map NameSelect the class name.
STEP 4 Click Apply. An additional request for statistics is created and the Running
347

19
Viewing Aggregated Policer Statistics

To view aggregated policer statistics:
STEP 1 Click Quality of Service > QoS Statistics > Aggregate Policer Statistics. The
Aggregate Policer Statistics page opens. This page displays the following fields: Aggregate Policer NamePolicer on which statistics are based. In-profile bytesNumber of in-profile packets that were received. Out-of-profile bytesNumber of out-of-profile packets that were received.
STEP 2 Click Add and the Add Aggregate Policer Statistics page opens. STEP 3 Select an Aggregate Policer Name, one of the previously-created Aggregate
Policers for which statistics will be displayed.

STEP 4 Click Apply. An additional request for statistics is created, and the Running
Viewing Queues Statistics

The Queues Statistics page displays queue statistics, including statistics of forwarded and dropped packets, based on interface, queue, and drop precedence.
NOTE QoS Statistics are shown only when the switch is in QoS Advanced Mode only. This
change is made in General > QoS Properties. To view Queues Statistics:

STEP 1 Click Quality of Service > QoS Statistics > Queues Statistics. The Queues
Statistics page opens. This page displays the following fields: Refresh RateSelect the time period that passes before the interface Ethernet statistics are refreshed. The available options are: No RefreshStatistics are not refreshed. 15 SecStatistics are refreshed every 15 seconds.
348

19
30 SecStatistics are refreshed every 30 seconds. 60 SecStatistics are refreshed every 60 seconds.
Counter SetThe options are: Set 1Displays the statistics for Set 1 that contains all interfaces and queues with a high DP (Drop Precedence). Set 2Displays the statistics for Set 2 that contains all interfaces and queues with a low DP.
InterfaceQueue statistics are displayed for this interface. QueuePackets were forwarded or tail dropped from this queue. Drop PrecedenceLowest drop precedence has the lowest probability of being dropped. Total packetsNumber of packets forwarded or tail dropped. Tail Drop packetsPercentage of packets that were tail dropped.
STEP 2 Click Add. The Add Queues Statistics page opens. STEP 3 Enter the parameters.
Counter SetSelect the counter set: Set 1Displays the statistics for Set 1 that contains all interfaces and queues with a high DP (Drop Precedence). Set 2Displays the statistics for Set 2 that contains all interfaces and queues with a low DP.
InterfaceSelect the ports for which statistics are displayed. The options are: PortSelects the port on the selected unit number for which statistics are displayed. All PortsSpecifies that statistics are displayed for all ports.
QueueSelect the queue for which statistics are displayed. Drop PrecedenceEnter drop precedence that indicates the probability of being dropped.
349

19
STEP 4 Click Apply. The Queue Statistics counter is added, and the Running Configuration
file is updated.
350
20
Configuring SNMP
This section describes the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) feature that provides a method for managing network devices. It includes the following topics: SNMP Versions and Workflow Model OIDs Configuring SNMP Views Managing SNMP Users Creating SNMP Groups Defining SNMP Communities Notification Recipients SNMP Notification Filters

The switch functions as SNMP agent and supports SNMPv1, v2, and v3. It also reports system events to trap receivers using the traps defined in the supported MIBs (Management Information Base).
SNMPv1 and v2
To control access to the system, a list of community entries is defined. Each community entry consists of a community string and its access privilege. The system will respond only to SNMP messages specifying the community which has the correct permissions and correct operation.
371
Configuring SNMP
20
SNMP agents maintain a list of variables that are used to manage the switch. These variables are defined in the Management Information Base (MIB).
NOTE Due to the security vulnerabilities of other versions, it is recommended to use
SNMPv3.
SNMPv3
In addition to the functionality provided by SNMPv1 and v2, SNMPv3 applies access control and new trap mechanisms to SNMPv1 and SNMPv2 PDUs. SNMPv3 also defines a User Security Model (USM) that includes: AuthenticationProvides data integrity and data origin authentication. PrivacyProtects against disclosure message content. Cipher BlockChaining (CBC-DES) is used for encryption. Either authentication alone can be enabled on an SNMP message, or both authentication and privacy can be enabled on an SNMP message. However, privacy cannot be enabled without authentication. TimelinessProtects against message delay or playback attacks. The SNMP agent compares the incoming message time stamp to the message arrival time. Key ManagementDefines key generation, key updates, and key use. The switch supports SNMP notification filters based on Object IDs (OID). OIDs are used by the system to manage device features.
SNMP Workflow
NOTE For security reasons, SNMP is disabled by default. Before you can
manage the switch via SNMP, you must turn on SNMP on the Security >TCP/
UDP Services page.

The following is the recommended series of actions for configuring SNMP:
372
Configuring SNMP
20
If you decide to use SNMPv1 or v2:

STEP 1 Navigate to the SNMP -> Communities page and click Add. The community can be
associated with access rights and a view in Basic mode or with a group in Advanced mode. There are two ways to define access rights of a community: Basic modeThe access rights of a community can configure with Read Only, Read Write, or SNMP Admin. In addition, you can restrict the access to the community to only certain MIB objects by selecting a view (defined in the Views page). Advanced ModeThe access rights of a community are defined by a group (defined in the Groups page). You can configure the group with a specific security model. The access rights of a group are Read, Write, and Notify.
STEP 2 Choose whether to restrict the SNMP management station to one address or allow
SNMP management from all addresses. If you choose to restrict SNMP management to one address, then input the address of your SNMP Management PC in the IP Address field.
STEP 3 Input the unique community string in the Community String field. STEP 4 Optionally, enable traps by using the Trap Settings page. STEP 5 Optionally, define a notification filter(s) by using the Notification Filter page. STEP 6 Configure the notification recipients on the Notification Recipients SNMPv1,2
page.
If you decide to use SNMPv3:

STEP 1 Define the SNMP engine by using the Engine ID page. Either create a unique
Engine ID or use the default Engine ID. Applying an Engine ID configuration will clear the SNMP database.
STEP 2 Optionally, define SNMP view(s) by using the Views page. This will limit the range
of OIDs available to a community or group.

STEP 3 Define groups by using the Groups page. STEP 4 Define users by using the SNMP Users page, where they can be associated with
a group. If the SNMP Engine ID is not set, then users may not be created.
STEP 5 Optionally, enable or disable traps by using the Trap Settings page. STEP 6 Optionally, define a notification filter(s) by using the Notification Filter page.
373
Configuring SNMP
20
STEP 7 Define a notification recipient(s) by using the Notification Recipients SNMPv3
page.
Supported MIBs
The following private MIBs are supported: CISCO-CDP-MIB.mib CISCO-SMI.mib CISCO-TC.mib CISCO-VTP-MIB.mib
The following standard MIBs are supported: CISCOSBTcpSession.mib dcb-raj-DCBX-MIB-1108.mib diffserv-dscp-tc-rfc3289.mib env_mib.mib diffserv.mib draft-ietf-bridge-8021x.mib draft-ietf-bridge-rstpmib-04.mib draft-ietf-entmib-sensor-mib.mib draft-ietf-hubmib-etherif-mib-v3-00.mib draft-ietf-syslog-device-mib.mib ianaaddrfamnumbers.mib ianaifty.mib ianaprot.mib inet-address-mib.mib ip-forward-mib.mib ip-mib.mib lldp.mib
374
Configuring SNMP
20
lldpextdot1.mib lldpextdot3.mbi lldpextmed.mib p-bridge-mib.mib q-bridge-mib.mib rfc1213.mib rfc1389.mib rfc1493.mib rfc1155.mib rfc1215.mib rfc1215-trap.mib rfc1611.mib rfc1612.mib rfc1757.mib rfc1850.mib rfc1907.mib rfc2011.mib rfc2012.mib rfc2013.mib rfc2233.mib rfc2571.mib rfc2572.mib rfc2573.mib rfc2574.mib rfc2575.mib rfc2576.mib rfc2613.mib
375
Configuring SNMP
20
rfc2665.mib rfc2668.mib rfc2674.mib rfc2737.mib rfc2925.mib rfc3621.mib rfc4668.mib rfc4670.mib rmon.mib rmon2.mib SNMPv2-CONF.mib SNMPv2-SMI.mib SNMPv2-TC.mib SNMPv2-TM.mib trunk.mib tunnel.mib udp-mib.mib
376
Configuring SNMP
Model OIDs
20
The following are the switch model Object IDs (OIDs): Model Name SG300-10 SG300-10MP SG300-10P SG300-20 SG300-28 SG300-28P SG300-52 SF300-08 SF302-08 SF302-08MP SF302-08P SF300-24 SF300-24P SF300-48 SF300-48P Description 8 GE ports, and 2 special-purpose combo ports (GE/SFP) 8 GE ports, and 2 special-purpose combo ports (GE/SFP) 8 GE ports, and 2 special-purpose combo ports (GE/SFP) 16 GE ports, and 4 special purpose ports - 2 uplinks and 2 combo ports 24 GE ports, and 4 special-purpose ports - 2 uplinks and 2 combo-ports 24 GE ports, and 4 special-purpose ports - 2 uplinks and 2 combo-ports. 48 GE ports, and 4 special-purpose ports - 2 uplinks and 2 combo-ports 8 FE ports. 8 FE ports plus 2 GE ports 8 FE ports plus 2 GE ports 8 FE ports plus 2 GE ports 24 FE ports plus 4 GE special-purpose ports - 2 uplinks and 2 combo-ports. 24 FE ports plus 4 GE special-purpose ports - 2 uplinks and 2 combo-ports. 48 FE ports plus 4 GE special-purpose ports - 2 uplinks and 2 combo-ports 48 FE ports plus 4 GE special-purpose ports - 2 uplinks and 2 combo-ports Object ID 9.6.1.83.10.1 9.6.1.83.10.3 9.6.1.83.10.2 9.6.1.83.20.1 9.6.1.83.28.1 9.6.1.83.28.2 9.6.1.83.52.1 9.6.1.82.08.4 9.6.1.82.08.1 9.6.1.82.08.3 9.6.1.82.08.2 9.6.1.82.24.1 9.6.1.82.24.2 9.6.1.82.48.1 9.6.1.82.48.2
Model OIDs
The Object IDs are placed under: enterprises(1).cisco(9).otherEnterprises(6).ciscosb(1).
377
Configuring SNMP
SNMP Engine ID
20
The MIB root is 1.3.6.1.4.1.9.6.1.101.
SNMP Engine ID
The Engine ID is used by SNMPv3 entities to uniquely identify them. An SNMP agent is considered an authoritative SNMP engine. This means that the agent responds to incoming messages (Get, GetNext, GetBulk, Set) and sends trap messages to a manager. The agent's local information is encapsulated in fields in the message. Each SNMP agent maintains local information that is used in SNMPv3 message exchanges. The default SNMP Engine ID is comprised of the enterprise number and the default MAC address. This engine ID must be unique for the administrative domain, so that no two devices in a network have the same engine ID. Local information is stored in four MIB variables that are read-only (snmpEngineId, snmpEngineBoots, snmpEngineTime, and snmpEngineMaxMessageSize).
!
CAUTION When the engine ID is changed, all configured users and groups are erased.
To define the SNMP engine ID:

STEP 1 Click SNMP > Engine ID. The Engine ID page opens. STEP 2 Choose which to use for Local Engine ID.
Use DefaultSelect to use the device-generated engine ID. The default engine ID is based on the switch MAC address, and is defined per standard as: First 4 octetsFirst bit = 1, the rest is the IANA enterprise number. Fifth octetSet to 3 to indicate the MAC address that follows. Last 6 octetsMAC address of the switch.
NoneNo engine ID is used. User DefinedEnter the local device engine ID. The field value is a hexadecimal string (range: 10 - 64). Each byte in the hexadecimal character strings is represented by two hexadecimal digits.
378
Configuring SNMP
Configuring SNMP Views
20
Configuring SNMP Views

A view is a user-defined label for a collection of MIB subtrees. Each subtree ID is defined by the Object ID (OID) of the root of the relevant subtrees. Either wellknown names can be used to specify the root of the desired subtree or an OID can be entered (see Model OIDs). Each subtree is either included or excluded in the view being defined. The Views page enables creating and editing SNMP views. The default views (Default, DefaultSuper) cannot be changed. Views can be attached to groups in the Groups page or to a community which employs basic access mode through the Communities page. To define SNMP views:
STEP 1 Click SNMP > Views. The Views page opens. STEP 2 Click Add to define new views. The Add View page opens. STEP 3 Enter the parameters.
View NameEnter a view name between 0-30 characters) Object ID SubtreeSelect the node in the MIB tree that is included or excluded in the selected SNMP view. The options to select the object are as follows: Select from listEnables you to navigate the MIB tree. Press the Up arrow to go to the level of the selected node's parent and siblings; press the Down arrow to descend to the level of the selected node's children. Click nodes in the view to pass from one node to its sibling. Use the scrollbar to bring siblings in view. User DefinedEnter an OID not offered in the Select from list option.
STEP 4 Select or deselect Include in view. If this is selected, the selected MIBs are
included in the view, otherwise they are excluded.

STEP 5 Click Apply.
379
Configuring SNMP
Creating SNMP Groups
20
Filter: View Name list. The following views exist by default: DefaultDefault SNMP view for read and read/write views. DefaultSuperDefault SNMP view for administrator views.
STEP 6 In order to verify your view configuration, select the user-defined views from the
Other views can be added. Object ID SubtreeDisplays the subtree to be included or excluded in the SNMP view. Object ID Subtree View TypeDisplays whether the defined subtree is included or excluded in the selected SNMP view.

In SNMPv1 and SNMPv2, a community string is sent along with the SNMP frames. The community string acts as a password to gain access to an SNMP agent. However, neither the frames nor the community string are encrypted. Therefore, SNMPv1 and SNMPv2 are not secure. In SNMPv3, the following security mechanisms can be configured. AuthenticationThe switch checks that the SNMP user is an authorized system administrator. This is done for each frame. PrivacySNMP frames can carry encrypted data.
Thus, in SNMPv3, there are three levels of security: No security (No authentication and no privacy) Authentication (Authentication and no privacy) Authentication and privacy
SNMPv3 provides a means of controlling the content each user can read or write and the notifications they will receive. A group defines read/write privileges and a level of security. It becomes operational when it is associated with an SNMP user or community.
NOTE To associate a non-default view with a group, first create the view in the Views
page.
380
Configuring SNMP
20
To create an SNMP group:
STEP 1 Click SNMP > Groups. The Groups page opens.
This page displays the existing SNMP groups.

STEP 2 Click Add. The Add Group page opens. STEP 3 Enter the parameters.
Group NameEnter a new group name. Security ModelSelect the SNMP version attached to the group, SNMPv1, v2, or v3. Security LevelDefine the security level attached to the group. SNMPv1 and SNMPv2 support neither authentication nor privacy. If SNMPv3 is selected, choose one of the following: No AuthenticationNeither the Authentication nor the Privacy security levels are assigned to the group. AuthenticationAuthenticates SNMP messages, and ensures the SNMP message origin is authenticated but does not encrypt them. PrivacyEncrypts SNMP messages.
ViewAssociating the view with the read, write, and notify access privileges of the group limits the scope of the MIB tree to which the group has read, write, and notify access. ReadManagement access is read-only for the selected view. Otherwise, a user or a community associated with this group is able to read all MIBs except those that control SNMP itself. WriteManagement access is write for the selected view. Otherwise, a user or a community associated with this group is able to write all MIBs except those that control SNMP itself. NotifyLimits the available content of the traps to those included in the selected view. Otherwise, there is no restriction on the contents of the traps. This can only be selected for SNMPv3.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The SNMP Group is defined, and the Running Configuration file is
updated.
381
Configuring SNMP
Managing SNMP Users
20
An SNMP user is defined by the login credentials (username, passwords, and authentication method) and by the context and scope in which it operates by association with a group and an Engine ID. The configured user will have the attributes of its group, having the access privileges configured within the associated view. Groups enable network managers to assign access rights to a group of users instead of to a single user. A user can only belong to a single group. To create an SNMPv3 user, the following must first exist: An engine ID must first be configured on the switch. This is done in the Engine ID page. An SNMPv3 group must be available. An SNMPv3 group is defined in the Groups page.
Managing SNMP Users
For security reasons, SNMP users are not saved to the configuration file. If SNMP users are provisioned and you save the configuration, the SNMP users are not retained; you must manually re-enter them. To display SNMP users and define new ones:
STEP 1 Click SNMP > Users. The Users page opens.
This page displays existing users.

STEP 2 Click Add. The Add User page opens.
This page provides information for assigning SNMP access control privileges to SNMP users.
User NameEnter a name for the user. Engine IDSelect either the local or remote SNMP entity to which the user is connected. Changing or removing the local SNMP Engine ID deletes the SNMPv3 User Database. To receive inform messages and request information, you must define both a local and remote user. LocalUser is connected to the local switch.
382
Configuring SNMP
Managing SNMP Users
20
RemoteUser is connected to a different SNMP entity besides the local switch. If the remote Engine ID is defined, remote devices receive inform messages, but cannot make requests for information. Enter the remote engine ID. Group NameSelect the SNMP group to which the SNMP user belongs. SNMP groups are defined in the Add Group page.
NOTE Users who belong to groups which have been deleted will remain, but
they are inactive. Authentication MethodSelect the Authentication method. The available authentication methods will vary according to the Group Name assigned. If the group does not require authentication, then the user cannot be configured any authentication. The options are: NoneNo user authentication is used. MD5 PasswordUsers must enter a password that is encrypted using the MD5 authentication method. SHA PasswordUsers must enter a password that is encrypted by using the SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm) authentication method. MD5 KeyUsers are authenticated by using a valid MD5 key. SHA KeyUsers are authenticated by using a valid SHA key.
Authentication PasswordIf authentication is accomplished by either a MD5 or a SHA password, enter the local user password. Local user passwords are compared to the local database and can contain up to 32 ASCII characters. Authentication KeyIf the authentication method is either an MD5 or SHA key, enter the MD5 or SHA authentication key. Privacy Key16 bytes are required (DES encryption key). This field should be exactly 32 hexadecimal characters.
NOTE If your security level is authNoPriv, you still need to enter a Privacy Key
value of 32 hexadecimal digits. However, the key will not be used.

STEP 4 Click Apply to save the settings.
383
Configuring SNMP
Defining SNMP Communities
20

Access rights in SNMPv1 and SNMPv2 are managed by defining communities in the Communities page. The community name is a type of shared password between the SNMP management station and the device. It is used to authenticate the SNMP management station. Communities are only defined in SNMPv1 and v2 because SNMPv3 works with users instead of communities. The users belong to groups that have access rights assigned to them. The Communities page associates communities with access rights, either directly (Basic mode) or through groups (Advanced mode): Basic modeThe access rights of a community can configure with Read Only, Read Write, or SNMP Admin. In addition, you can restrict the access to the community to only certain MIB objects by selecting a view (defined in the SNMP Views page). Advanced ModeThe access rights of a community are defined by a group (defined in the Groups page). You can configure the group with a specific security model. The access rights of a group are Read, Write, and Notify.
To define SNMP communities:

STEP 1 Click SNMP > Communities. The Communities page opens.
This page displays a table of configured SNMP communities and their properties.
STEP 2 Click Add. The Add SNMP Community page opens.
This page enables network managers to define and configure new SNMP communities.
STEP 3 SNMP Management StationClick User Defined to enter the management
station IP address that can access the SNMP community. Click All to indicate that any IP device can access the SNMP community. IP VersionSelect either IPv4 or IPv6.
384
Configuring SNMP
20
IPv6 Address TypeSelect the supported IPv6 address type if IPv6 is used. The options are: Link LocalThe IPv6 address uniquely identifies hosts on a single network link. A link local address has a prefix of FE80, is not routable, and can be used for communication only on the local network. Only one link local address is supported. If a link local address exists on the interface, this entry replaces the address in the configuration. GlobalThe IPv6 address is a global Unicast IPV6 type that is visible and reachable from other networks.
Link Local InterfaceIf the IPv6 address type is Link Local, select whether it is received through a VLAN or ISATAP. IP AddressEnter the SNMP management station IP address. Community StringEnter the community name used to authenticate the management station to the device. BasicSelect this mode for a selected community. In this mode, there is no connection to any group. You can only choose the community access level (Read Only, Read Write, or SNMP Admin) and, optionally, further qualify it for a specific view. By default, it applies to the entire MIB. If this is selected, enter the following fields: Access ModeSelect the access rights of the community. The options are: Read OnlyManagement access is restricted to read-only. Changes cannot be made to the community. Read WriteManagement access is read-write. Changes can be made to the device configuration, but not to the community. SNMP AdminUser has access to all device configuration options, as well as permissions to modify the community. SNMP Admin is equivalent to Read Write for all MIBs except for the SNMP MIBs. SNMP Admin is required for access to the SNMP MIBs. View NameSelect an SNMP view (a collection of MIB subtrees to which access is granted).
AdvancedSelect this mode for a selected community. Group NameSelect an SNMP group that determines the access rights.
385
Configuring SNMP
Defining Trap Settings
20
updated.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The SNMP Community is defined, and the Running Configuration is
Defining Trap Settings

The Trap Settings page enables configuring whether SNMP notifications are sent from the switch, and for which cases. The recipients of the SNMP notifications can be configured in the SNMPv1,2 Notification Recipients page, or the SNMPv3 Notification Recipients page. To define trap settings:
STEP 1 Click SNMP > Trap Settings. The Trap Settings page opens. STEP 2 Select Enable for SNMP Notifications to specify that the switch can send SNMP
notifications.
STEP 3 Select Enable for Authentication Notifications to enable SNMP authentication
failure notification.
STEP 4 Click Apply. The SNMP Trap settings are defined, and the Running Configuration
file is updated.
Notification Recipients
Trap messages are generated to report system events, as defined in RFC 1215. The system can generate traps defined in the MIB that it supports. Trap receivers (aka Notification Recipients) are network nodes where the trap messages are sent by the switch. A list of notification recipients are defined as the targets of trap messages. A trap receiver entry contains the IP address of the node and the SNMP credentials corresponding to the version that will be included in the trap message. When an event arises that requires a trap message to be sent, it is sent to every node listed in the Notification Recipient Table.
386
Configuring SNMP
20
The Notification Recipients SNMPv1,2 page and the Notification Recipients SNMPv3 page enable configuring the destination to which SNMP notifications are sent, and the types of SNMP notifications that are sent to each destination (traps or informs). The Add/Edit pop-ups enable configuring the attributes of the notifications. An SNMP notification is a message sent from the switch to the SNMP management station indicating that a certain event has occurred, such as a link up/ down. It is also possible to filter certain notifications. This can be done by creating a filter in the Notification Filter page and attaching it to an SNMP notification recipient. The notification filter enables filtering the type of SNMP notifications that are sent to the management station based on the OID of the notification that is about to be sent.
Defining SNMPv1,2 Notification Recipients

To define a recipient in SNMPv1,2:
STEP 1 Click SNMP > Notification Recipients SNMPv1,2. The Notification Recipients
SNMPv1,2 page opens.

This page displays recipients for SNMPv1,2.
STEP 2 Click Add. The Add SNMP Notification Recipient page opens. STEP 3 Enter the parameters.
IP VersionSelect either IPv4 or IPv6. IPv6 Address TypeSelect either Link Local or Global. Link LocalThe IPv6 address uniquely identifies hosts on a single network link. A link local address has a prefix of FE80, is not routable, and can be used for communication only on the local network. Only one link local address is supported. If a link local address exists on the interface, this entry replaces the address in the configuration. GlobalThe IPv6 address is a global Unicast IPV6 type that is visible and reachable from other networks.
Link Local InterfaceIf the IPv6 address type is Link Local, select whether it is received through a VLAN or ISATAP. Recipient IP AddressEnter the IP address of where the traps are sent.
387
Configuring SNMP
20
UDP PortEnter the UDP port used for notifications on the recipient device. Notification TypeSelect whether to send Traps or Informs. If both are required, two recipients must be created. TimeoutEnter the number of seconds the device waits before re-sending informs. RetriesEnter the number of times that the device resends an inform request. Community StringSelect from the pull-down the community string of the trap manager. Community String names are generated from those listed in the Community page. Notification VersionSelect the trap SNMP version. Either SNMPv1 or SNMPv2 may be used as the version of traps, with only a single version enabled at a time. Notification FilterSelect to enable filtering the type of SNMP notifications sent to the management station. The filters are created in the Notification Filter page. Filter NameSelect the SNMP filter that defines the information contained in traps (defined in the Notification Filter page).
STEP 4 Click Apply. The SNMP Notification Recipient settings are defined, and the
Running Configuration file is updated.
Defining SNMPv3 Notification Recipients

To define a recipient in SNMPv3:
STEP 1 Click SNMP > Notification Recipients SNMPv3. The Notification Recipients
SNMPv3 page opens.

This page displays recipients for SNMPv3.
STEP 2 Click Add. The Add SNMP Notification Recipient page opens. STEP 3 Enter the parameters.
IP VersionSelect either IPv4 or IPv6. IPv6 Address TypeSelect the IPv6 address type (if IPv6 is used). The options are:
388
Configuring SNMP
20
Link LocalThe IPv6 address uniquely identifies hosts on a single network link. A link local address has a prefix of FE80, is not routable, and can be used for communication only on the local network. Only one link local address is supported. If a link local address exists on the interface, this entry replaces the address in the configuration. GlobalThe IPv6 address is a global Unicast IPV6 type that is visible and reachable from other networks.
Link Local InterfaceSelect the link local interface (if IPv6 Address Type Link Local is selected) from the pull-down list. Recipient IP AddressEnter the IP address of where the traps are sent. UDP PortEnter the UDP port used to for notifications on the recipient device. Notification TypeSelect whether to send traps or informs. If both are required, two recipients must be created. TimeoutEnter the amount of time (seconds) the device waits before resending informs/traps. Timeout: Range 1-300, default 15 RetriesEnter the number of times that the device resends an inform request. Retries: Range 1-255, default 3 User NameSelect from the drop-down list the user to whom SNMP notifications are sent. In order to receive notifications, this user must be defined on the SNMP User page, and its engine ID must be remote. Security LevelSelect how much authentication is applied to the packet.
NOTE The Security Level here will depend on which User Name was
selected. If this User Name was configured as No Authentication, the Security Level will be No Authentication only. However, if this User Name has assigned Authentication and Privacy on the User page, the security level on this screen can be either No Authentication, or Authentication Only, or Authentication and Privacy. The options are: -
No AuthenticationIndicates the packet is neither authenticated nor

encrypted.
AuthenticationIndicates the packet is authenticated but not encrypted. PrivacyIndicates the packet is both authenticated and encrypted.
389
Configuring SNMP
20
Notification FilterSelect to enable filtering the type of SNMP notifications sent to the management station. The filters are created in the Notification Filter page. Filter NameSelect the SNMP filter that defines the information contained in traps (defined in the Notification Filter page).
STEP 4 Click Apply. The SNMP Notification Recipient settings are defined, and the
Running Configuration file is updated.

The Notification Filter page enables configuring SNMP notification filters and Object IDs (OIDs) that are checked. After creating a notification filter, it is possible to attach it to a notification recipient in the Notification Recipients SNMPv1,2 page, and Notification Recipients SNMPv3 page. The notification filter enables filtering the type of SNMP notifications that are sent to the management station based on the OID of the notification to be sent. To define a notification filter:
STEP 1 Click SNMP > Notification Filter. The Notification Filter page opens.
The Notification Filter page displays notification information for each filter. The table is able to filter notification entries by Filter Name.
STEP 2 Click Add. The Add Notification Filter page opens. STEP 3 Enter the parameters.
Filter NameEnter a name between 0-30 characters. Object ID SubtreeSelect the node in the MIB tree that is included or excluded in the selected SNMP filter. The options to select the object are as follows: Select from listEnables you to navigate the MIB tree. Press the Up arrow to go to the level of the selected node's parent and siblings; press the Down arrow to descend to the level of the selected node's children. Click nodes in the view to pass from one node to its sibling. Use the scrollbar to bring siblings in view.
390
Configuring SNMP
20
If Object ID is used, the entered object identifier is included in the view if the Include in filter option is selected.
STEP 4 Select or deselect Include in filter. If this is selected, the selected MIBs are
included in the filter, otherwise they are excluded.

STEP 5 Click Apply. The SNMP views are defined and the running configuration is
updated.
391
21
Console Menu Interface
The switch provides a menu-driven console interface for basic configuration of the switch. The console interface is useful for switch configuration when the switch does not have a defined IP address, the IP address is not known, or only a direct serial cable connection can be used to communicate with the switch. A connection between the switch and your PC can be established by using a serial cable, by establishing a Telnet session, or by using terminal emulation application. This section discusses the following topics: Connecting By Using a Terminal Emulation Application Connecting By Using Telnet Console Configuration Menu Navigation Console Interface Main Menu

To establish a connection to the console interface by using a terminal emulation application (Microsoft HyperTerminal in Windows XP is used here as an example), configure the application as follows:
STEP 1 In the PC desktop, click the Start button. STEP 2 Select Programs > Accessories > Communications > HyperTerminal. The
HyperTerminal - Connection Description window displays.

STEP 3 Enter a name for this connection, and optionally select an icon for the application
shortcut that is created.

STEP 4 Click OK. The Connect To window displays.
392

21
STEP 5 If you connected to the switch with serial cable, select the COM port that links
your PC to the switch from the Connect drop-down list. Otherwise, select TCP/IP.
STEP 6 Continue to the Communicating by Using a Serial Cable Connection section
or the Communicating By Using a TCP/IP Connection section.
Communicating by Using a Serial Cable Connection

In this procedure, Com 1 is used for the example. The parameter on your system might be different. To display the console menu:
STEP 1 Configure the COM1 Properties > Port Settings with the following connection
parameters: Rate in bits per second = 115,200 Data bits = 8 Parity = None Stop bits = 1 Flow control = None
STEP 2 Click OK. The HyperTerminal window displays. STEP 3 In the HyperTerminal window, press Enter once or twice until the login menu
displays. Press Ctrl-R to refresh the Menu CLI Login or to jump to the Menu CLI Login from any other window.
STEP 4 Enter cisco (default) as the User Name. STEP 5 Enter the password cisco (default). STEP 6 Press Enter. NOTE If this is the first time you have logged in, or the switch has been reboots to factory
defaults, you are asked to change your password. (See the Username & Password Settings section to create and save a new password.)
STEP 7 Enter the command debug-mode, then press Enter, then enter the command
menu. The Login displays. Press Ctrl-R to refresh the Menu CLI Login or to jump to the Menu CLI Login from any other window.
393

21
STEP 8 Continue to the Console Interface Main Menu section.
Communicating By Using a TCP/IP Connection

It is assumed that in the terminal emulation application, you have selected TCP/IP.
NOTE Telnet must be enabled on the switch.
To display the console menu:

STEP 1 Enter the IP address of the switch in the Host Address field. STEP 2 Click OK. The terminal emulation displays. STEP 3 Enter the command debug-mode, then press Enter, then enter the command
STEP 4 Select Edit to allow modification of the parameters. STEP 5 Enter cisco (default) as the User Name. STEP 6 Enter the password cisco (default). STEP 7 Press Enter. NOTE If this is the first time you have logged in or the switch has been reset to factory
defaults, you are asked to change your password. The Change User Password is displayed. Use these options to create and save a new password. See Change User Password on page 593. The Switch Main Menu displays.
394

Connecting By Using Telnet
21
Connecting By Using Telnet

Telnet is disabled by default. It must be enabled by using the web-based switch configuration utility or the console interface and a serial cable connection. The procedure for enabling Telnet by using the console interface is described in the Telnet Configuration section. To open the console interface by running Telnet in the Windows command-line:
STEP 1 Select Start > Run. STEP 2 Enter CMD in the Open field and press Enter. STEP 3 Type telnet, a space, and the switch IP address. For example:
c:\>telnet 192.168.1.114
STEP 4 Press Enter. STEP 5 Enter username/password. The default username and password is cisco/cisco. STEP 6 Enter the command debug-mode, then press Enter, then enter the command
NOTE If this is the first time you have logged in or the switch has been reset to factory
defaults, you are asked to change your password. The Change User Password is displayed. Use these options to create and save a new password. Otherwise, the Switch Main Menu displays.
395

Console Configuration Menu Navigation
21
Console Configuration Menu Navigation

The console interface has two parts, the options list and the action list. Navigate through the configuration parameters by using the options list. Manage the Running Configuration by using the action list. For example, your workflow to change a parameter value is: 1. Navigate to the appropriate options list. 2. Select Edit by using the arrow keys to navigate to and highlight the action and press Enter. (If there are no parameters that can be changed by the system administrator, the action list does not display.) 3. Use the arrow keys to navigate to the correct field. 4. Enter the parameter values or use the spacebar to toggle the values. 5. Press ESC to return to the action list. 6. Select Save by using the arrow keys to navigate to and highlight the action. 7. Press Enter. Your parameter values are saved to the Running Configuration. To navigate through the lists: Use the up or down arrow keys to move up or down the list. You can also type the number of the desired option to select it. Use the left or right arrow keys to move left or right in a list. Press Enter to select a menu option. Press Esc to navigate from the options list to the action list.
The available actions are listed at the bottom of each screen.
If you Quit without saving the changes, the changes to the parameter values made in this session are ignored.
396

Console Interface Main Menu
21

Each console interface menu lists the options in a numbered list. The Switch Main Menu provides the following options: System Configuration Menu Port Status Port Configuration System Mode Help Logout
System Configuration Menu

Use the System Configuration Menu to select one of the following options: System Information Management Settings Username & Password Settings Security Settings VLAN Management IP Configuration File Management Delete Startup Configuration Reboot to Factory Defaults Reboot System
397

21
System Information
Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > System Information Use the System Information menu to view the switch firmware versions and general system information. You can also change the hostname or location description. Versions General System Information
Versions
Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > System Information > Versions Versions displays the software, boot, and hardware firmware versions.
General System Information

Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > System Information > General System Information General System Information displays general information about the switch. You can change the system contact details, host name, and system location information.
Management Settings
Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > Management Settings The Management Settings menu provides the following options: Serial Port Configuration Telnet Configuration SSH Configuration SNMP Configuration
Serial Port Configuration

Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > Management Settings
398

21
Use Serial Port Configuration to view or change the baud rate of the configuration port. If you are using a Windows HyperTerminal application and you change the baud rate parameter value, you must logoff the application and reset the session to match the values.
Telnet Configuration
Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > Management Settings Telnet Configuration displays the Telnet connection timeout value and the status of the Telnet service. You can enable or disable the Telnet service and set the timeout value in minutes. If you do not want the Telnet session to timeout, enter a value of 0 minutes.
SSH Configuration
Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > Management Settings Use the SSH Configuration menu to view or configure the following options: SSH Server Configuration SSH Server Status SSH Crypto Key Generation SSH Keys Fingerprints
SSH Server Configuration

Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > Management Settings > SSH Configuration Use SSH Server Configuration to enable or disable the SSH Server. The SSH Server Port can be modified by entering a port value.
SSH Server Status

Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > Management Settings > SSH Server Status Use SSH Server Status to view the SSH server status, the RSA and DSA key status, and any open SSH sessions. Select Refresh to update the screen.
399

21
SSH Crypto Key Generation

Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > Management Settings > SSH Configuration > SSH Crypto Key Generation Use SSH Crypto Key Generation to view the SSH Public Key Length or to generate an SSH Crypto Key. To generate an SSH Crypto Key:
STEP 1 Select Edit. STEP 2 Use the SPACE bar to toggle between the RSA and DSA options. STEP 3 Press ESC to return to the Action List. STEP 4 Select Execute, and press Enter. An operation complete message will be
displayed when the key generation is complete.

STEP 5 Use UP arrow key to go the Action list.
SSH Keys Fingerprints

Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > Management Settings > SSH Configuration > SSH Keys Fingerprints SSH Keys Fingerprints displays the RSA and DSA keys (if those keys were generated). Select Refresh to update the screen.
SNMP Configuration
Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > Management Settings Use SNMP Configuration to enable or disable SNMP on the switch.
Username & Password Settings

Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > Username & Password Settings Use Username & Password Settings to configure the user names and passwords of those accessing the switch. Up to five users can be added. The factory default username is cisco. The factory default password is cisco.
400

21
Security Settings
Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu Use Security Settings to configure security on the switch, as well as to generate and display the SSL certificate.
SSL Certificate Generation

Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > Security Settings Use Certificate Generation to create a device-generated SSL certificate. Public Key LengthSpecifies the SSL RSA key length. (Range: 5122048) Organization NameSpecifies the organization name. (164 characters) Locality or City NameSpecifies the location or city name. (164 characters) State or Province NameSpecifies the state or province name. (164 characters) Country NameSpecifies the country name. (use 2 character code) Validity TermSpecifies number of days certification is valid. (Range: 30 3650)
Show Certificate
Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > Security Settings Use Show Certificate to view the internal SSL certificate.
Disable Active Management Access Profile

Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > Security Settings Use this option to disable management access profiles. If you choose this option, you are prompted for confirmation. Type Y to confirm.
VLAN Management
Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu Use the VLAN Management menu to set the default VLAN. Changes to the default VLAN take effect only after you reboot the switch.

21
Select Default VLAN Setup to display the Default VLAN Setup.
IP Configuration
Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > IP Configuration Use the IP Configuration menu to configure the following options: IPv4 Address Configuration IPv6 Address Configuration HTTP Configuration HTTPS Configuration Network Configuration IPv4 Default Route (Layer 3 devices only)
IPv4 Address Configuration

Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > IP Configuration Use the IPv4 Address Configuration Menu to configure the switch IPv4 address.
IPv4 Address Settings

Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > IP Configuration Use IP Address - Add/IP Address Settings to add or change the switch IPv4 address. IPv4 AddressEnter the IPv4 address that you want to assign to the switch if the switch is disabled as a DHCP client. Verify that the IP address does not conflict with another device on the network. Subnet MaskEnter the subnet mask that you want to assign to the switch. Default GatewayEnter the default gateway address for the switch (IPv4 Address Settings). Management VLANEnter the management VLAN ID (IPv4 Address Settings). DHCP ClientUse the Spacebar to enable or disable the DHCP client.
402

21
Interface TypeSelect the interface type, LAG, VLAN, or GE (IPv4 Address Add). Interface NumberEnter the interface number (IPv4 Address Add).
IPv4 Address Table

Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > IP Configuration The IP Address Table displays the IPv4 addresses in Layer 3. Delete/KeepUse the SPACE bar to toggle between Delete and Keep. When the action is executed, this entry is acted upon based on your selection.
IPv6 Address Configuration

Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > IP Configuration > IPv6 Address Configuration Use the IPv6 Address Configuration menu to configure the switch IPv6 address.
IPv6 Interface Enable

Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > IP Configuration > IPv6 Address Configuration > IPv6 Interface Enable Use IPv6 Interface Enable to select the IPv6 interface.
IPv6 Address Settings

Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > IP Configuration > IPv6 Address Configuration Use the IPv6 Address Settings option to configure the IPv6 address for each interface of the switch. IPv6 AddressThe device supports one IPv6 interface. In additional to the default link local and multicast addresses, the switch automatically adds global addresses to the interface based on the router advertisements it receives. The device supports a maximum of 128 addresses at the interface. Each address must be a valid IPv6 address that is specified in hexadecimal format by using 16-bit values separated by colons.
403

21
Prefix LengthThe length of the Global IPv6 prefix as a decimal value from 0-128 indicating the number of the high-order contiguous bits of the address comprise the prefix (the network portion of the address). Interface TypeIPv6 address, interface type (VLAN, LAG, FE, GE)
IPv6 Address Table

Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > IP Configuration>IPv6 Address Configuration>IPv6 Address Table The IPv6 Address Table displays the IPv6 addresses for each interface.
IPv6 ISATAP Tunnel

Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > IP Configuration>IPv6 Address Configuration>IPv6 ISATAP Enable Use the ISATAP Tunnel option to enable, and to configure the IPv6 ISATAP Tunnel parameters. See the Defining an IPv6 Interface section in the Configuring IP Information section for more information.
IPv6 ISATAP Interface Show

Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > IP Configuration > IPv6 Address Configuration>IPv6 ISATAP Interface Show The ISATAP Interface Show option displays the active ISATAP Tunnel information.
IPv6 Default Gateway

Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > IP Configuration>IPv6 Address Configuration>IPv6 Default Gateway Use the IPv6 Default Gateway option to enable or disable, and to specify the interface that will function as the IPv6 default gateway.
HTTP Configuration
Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > IP Configuration > HTTP Configuration Use the HTTP Configuration option to enable or disable the HTTP server, and set the HTTP Server port number.
404

21
HTTPS Configuration
Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > IP Configuration > HTTPS Configuration Use the HTTPS Configuration option to enable or disable the HTTPS server, set the HTTPS server port number, or check the status of the HTTPS Certificate.
Network Configuration
Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > IP Configuration Use the Network Configuration Menu to configure the following options: Ping <IPv4> Ping <IPv6> TraceRoute IPv4 TraceRoute IPv6 Telnet Session
Ping IPv4
Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > IP Configuration > Network Configuration > Ping IPv4 Use the Ping IPv4 option to enter the IPv4 address that you want to test. Select Execute to begin the test. The ping results are displayed in the Status and Statistics fields.
Ping IPv6
Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > IP Configuration > Network Configuration > Ping IPv6 Use the Ping IPv6 option to enter the IPv6 address, interface type (VLAN, LAG, FE, GE), and interface ID number that you want to test. Select Execute to begin the test. The ping results are displayed in the Status and Statistics fields.
405

21
TraceRoute IPv4
Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > IP Configuration > Network Configuration > TraceRoute IPv4 Use the TraceRoute IPv4 option to enter the IPv4 address for the network route you want to trace. Select Execute to begin the test. The results are displayed in the Status field. After the traceroute test is complete, it displays the IP address, status, and statistics of the traceroute test.
TraceRoute IPv6
Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > IP Configuration > Network Configuration > TraceRoute IPv6 Use the TraceRoute IPv6 option to enter the IPv6 address for the network route you want to trace. Select Execute to begin the test. TraceRoute displays the IP address, status, and statistics of the traceroute test in the Status and Results fields.
Telnet Session
Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > IP Configuration > Network Configuration > Telnet Session Use Telnet Session Configuration to enter the IP Address of the location you want to reach by using a Telnet connection.
IPv4 Default Route (Layer 3 devices only)

Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > IP Configuration > IPv4 Default Route Use IPv4 Default Route to set the Next Hop IP Address for the switch.
406

21
File Management
Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > File Management Use the File Management Menu to upload or download files or change the Active Image. Upgrade/Backup <IPv4> Upgrade/Backup <IPv6> Active Image
There are two firmware images, Image1 and Image2, stored on the switch. One of the images is identified as the active image and other image is identified as the inactive image. The switch boots from the image you set as the active image. When you upgrade the firmware, the new image is always replaces the image identified as the inactive image. After uploading new firmware on the switch, the switch continues to boot by using the active image (the old version) until you change the status of the new image to be the active image. You can change the image identified as the inactive image to the active image by using the procedure in the Active Image section.
Upgrade / Backup <IPv4>

Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > File Management > Upgrade/Backup <IPv4> Use Upgrade/Backup <IPv4> to upload or download files, such as the startup configuration, boot, or image file via a TFTP server.
Upgrade / Backup <IPv6>

Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > File Management > Upgrade/Backup <IPv6> Use Upgrade/Backup <IPv6> to upload or download files, such as the startup configuration, boot, or image file via a TFTP server.
407

21
To download a new boot and image, perform the following:

STEP 1 If required, download the new boot code. DO NOT REBOOT THE DEVICE. Set the
Source File to TFTP and the Destination File to boot by using the SPACE bar to toggle the values. File Name is the name of the boot file to be downloaded. IP Address is the IP address of the TFTP server.
STEP 2 If required, download the new firmware image. Set the Source File to TFTP and the
Destination File to image by using the SPACE bar to toggle the values. File Name is the name of the image file to be downloaded. IP Address is the IP address of the TFTP server.
STEP 3 Change the active image using the Active Image menu. STEP 4 Reboot the switch.
Active Image
Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > File Management > Active Image The Active Image screen displays and configures whether Image1 or Image 2 is active, and the firmware version associated with the image.
Delete Startup Configuration

Delete the Startup Configuration. Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > Delete Startup Configuration If the switch is rebooted, it is restored to the factory default settings. Type Y to delete the configuration, or type N to cancel.
Reboot to Factory Defaults

Reboot to Factory Defaults will delete the Startup Configuration and reboot the switch. Any settings that are not saved to a file are lost after this action is selected. If there is a configuration on a TFTP server, the switch downloads the configuration.
408

21
Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > Reset to Factory Defaults To restore the switch to the factory default settings, select Reset to Factory Defaults and press Enter. You will be asked if you want to continue. Type Y to restore the switch default settings, or type N to cancel.
Reboot System
Path: Switch Main Menu > System Configuration Menu > Reboot System Select Reboot System and press Enter if you want to restart the switch. You will be asked if you want to continue. Type Y to reboot the switch, or type N to cancel.
Port Status
Path: Switch Main Menu > Port Status 'The Port Status option from the Switch Main Menu displays the status of the ports for switches without PoE. The Port Status option from the Switch Main Menu for switches with PoE displays the Port Status Menu that includes Port Status and PoE Status options. Use Port Configuration and PoE Configuration to change the configuration of the ports.
Port Status
Path: Switch Main Menu > Port Status > Port Status Menu > Port Status Port Status displays the port numbers, enable status, link status, speed, and flow control status (the flow of packet transmissions) of non-PoE ports. Twelve ports are displayed at one time. Use the arrow keys to scroll up or down the list.
PoE Status
Path: Switch Main Menu > Port Status > PoE Status PoE Status displays the status of the PoE ports.
Port Configuration
Path: Switch Main Menu > Port Configuration Use the Port Configuration Menu to change Port Configuration and PoE configuration.
409

21
Port Configuration
Path: Switch Main Menu > Port Configuration Menu > Port Configuration Use the Port Configuration option to change the parameters of the non-PoE ports. You can enable or disable the ports, enable or disable Auto Negotiation, set the speed and duplex (Auto, 10H, 100H, 10F, 100F, 1000F), and set Flow Control (On, Off, Auto). Twelve ports are displayed at one time. Use the arrow keys to scroll up or down the list.
PoE Configuration
Path: Switch Main Menu > Port Configuration Menu > PoE Configuration Use PoE Configuration to change the PoE parameters on the PoE ports. You can set the port Priority (Low, High, or Critical), enable PoE, disable PoE, and set the Power Allocation (in mW).
System Mode
Path: Switch Main Menu > System Mode Use System Mode to set the switch to Layer 2 or Layer 3.
Help
Path: Switch Main Menu > Help Select Help to view information on how to navigate the options in the console interface.
Logout
Path: Switch Main Menu > Logout Select Logout to end the current console session.
410
Cisco and the Cisco Logo are trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. A listing of Cisco's trademarks can be found at www.cisco.com/go/trademarks. Third party trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (1005R)
2011 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
78-19308-02

Cisco SF300

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cisco SF300

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cisco SF300

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ADMINISTRATION GUIDE

Chapter 1: Getting Started

Quick Start Switch Configuration Window Navigation

Chapter 2: Viewing Statistics

Chapter 3: Managing System Logs

Chapter 4: Managing System Files

Chapter 5: General Administrative Information and Operations

Chapter 6: System Time

Chapter 7: Managing Device Diagnostics

Chapter 8: Configuring Discovery

Chapter 9: Port Management

Configuring LAG Settings Configuring LACP

Chapter 10: Managing Power-over-Ethernet Devices

Chapter 11: VLAN Management

Configuring Voice VLAN Properties

Chapter 12: Configuring the Spanning Tree Protocol

130 132 134 135 136 137 138

Chapter 13: Managing MAC Address Tables

Defining Reserved MAC Addresses

Chapter 14: Configuring Multicast Forwarding

150 151 153 155 158 160 161 162 163

Chapter 15: Configuring IP Information

182 183 184 185

Configuring ARP Domain Name Systems

Chapter 16: Configuring Security

Configuring RADIUS Parameters

Management Access Authentication Access Profiles

207 208 209 211

Denial of Service Prevention

Chapter 17: Access Control

Defining ACL Binding

Chapter 18: Configuring Quality of Service

QoS Basic Mode

QoS Advanced Mode

Managing QoS Statistics

Chapter 19: Configuring SNMP

279 280 281 283 285 287 289 289

SNMP Notification Filters

Chapter 20: Console Menu Interface

298 299 300

305 306 308 310 312 312 313 313 313

Starting the Web-based Switch Configuration Utility

Launching the Configuration Utility

browser, and then press Enter. The Login page opens.

Quick Start Switch Configuration

IPv4 Interface page

Links on the Getting Started page (Continued) Category

Viewing Ethernet Interface

Viewing Etherlike Statistics

Viewing GVRP Statistics

Viewing 802.1X EAP Statistics

Viewing TCAM Utilization

VLAN Rate Limiting

1 Global rule per VLAN Rate Limit.

Viewing RMON Statistics

To view the RMON statistics:

Configuring RMON History

STEP 2 Click Add. The Add RMON History page opens.

STEP 3 Enter the parameters.

Configuration file is updated.