Created by T.

Madas

COMBINATORICS

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

COMBINATIONS

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1 (**)
The Oakwood Jogging Club consists of 7 men and 6 women who go for a 5 mile run
every Thursday.

It is decided that a team of 8 runners would be picked at random out of the 13 runners,
to represent the club at a larger meeting.

Determine the proportion of teams of 8 , which have more women than men.

FP4-G , 7 ≈ 17.95%
39

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2 (**)
A football manager has available for selection 3 goalkeepers, 8 defenders, 7
midfielders and 4 strikers.

a) Determine the number of possible teams of 11 he can select, assuming that all
22 players are equally likely to be picked up, and equally likely to play in any
position.

b) Find the number of possible teams he can pick with 1 goalkeeper, 4 defenders,
4 midfielders and 2 strikers.

FP4-A , 44100 , 525 ≈ 0.0625

8398

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3 (**)
A taxi which can carry at most 5 passengers on any journey, makes two journeys in
transporting 8 passengers from their hotel to the airport.

Determine the number of different ways in which the people for the first journey may
be selected.

FP4-D , 182

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 4 (**+)
There are 8 boys and 7 girls in the student council of a school.

A committee of 8 people is to be selected from the members of this council to

organize a sports day.

a) Find the number of different ways in which the committee can be selected if all
the members are available.

b) Determine the number of different ways in which the committee can be

selected if the committee is to have more girls than boys.

FP4-N , 6435 , 1380

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 5 (**+)
A five member committee is to be selected at random from a group consisting of 8
men and 4 women.

Find the number of possible committees which contain …

a) … exactly 2 women.

b) … no more than 2 women.

FP4-C , 336 , 672

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 6 (**+)
A committee of 4 people is to be chosen at random from a group of 5 men and 7
women.

Determine the probability that the committee will consist …

a) … of members of the same gender.

b) … of members of both genders but at least as many women as men.

8 , 7
99 9

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 7 (***+)
A committee of 4 people is to be chosen at random from the members of a school
council which consists of 5 pupils, 4 teachers and 3 administrators.

Determine the probability that the committee will contain ...

a) … no teachers.

b) … at least 2 pupils, no more than 1 teacher and no more than 1 administrator.

14 , 13
99 33

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 8 (***+)
A committee of 3 people is to be picked from 9 individuals, of which 4 are women
and 5 are men. One of the 4 women is married to one of the 5 men.

The selection rules state that the committee must have at least a member from each
gender and no married couple can serve together in a committee.

Determine the number of possible committees which can be picked from these 9
individuals.

63

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 9 (****)
From a total of 6 men, 3 women and 3 children, two teams of six people are selected
at random.

Find the probability that both teams contain women.

10
11

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 Created by T. Madas

PERMUTATIONS

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 1 (**+)
The five letters of the word T-E-A-C-H are written on five separate pieces of card.

a) Find the number of arrangements that can be made using these five letters.

Find the proportion of five letter arrangements in which …

i. … the first letter is T.

ii. … the letters C and H are next to each other.

iii. … the first letter is T and the letters C and H are next to each other.

FP4-N , 120 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 1
120 5 5 10

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2 (***)
The eleven letters of the word E-X-A-M-I-N-A-T-I-O-N are written on eleven separate
pieces of card.

a) Find the number of arrangements that can be made using these eleven letters.

b) Find the probability that the four letter word E-X-A-M will appear in one of
these eleven letter arrangements

4989600 , 1
990

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3 (***)
4 men and 4 women are going to stand next to each other for a group photograph.

Given that the way they stand next to each other is completely random, determine the
number of photographs that can be taken in which no 2 men and no 2 women stand
next to each other.

FP4-B , 1152

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 4 (***+)
Six books labelled as A , B , C , D , E and F are arranged at random on a shelf.

Determine the number of arrangements in which ...

a) ... A and B are placed next to each other.

b) ... C and D are not placed next to each other.

c) ... A and B are placed next to each other, and C and D are not placed next to
each other.

FP4-E , 240 , 480 , 144

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 5 (***+)
A group of 7 pupils consists of 3 girls and 4 boys.

The names of two of the boys are Argi and Bargi.

All seven students sit in a random order on a bench.

a) Determine the number of sitting arrangements in which …

i. … Argi and Bargi sit next to each other.

ii. … no two boys sit next to each other.

iii. … the three girls sit next to each other.

b) Find the proportion of the sitting arrangements in which the three girls sat next
to each other which include arrangements in which the four boys also sat next
to each other.

FP4-H , 1440 , 144 , 720 , 2

5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 6 (***+)
The 11 letters of the word PROBABILITY are written on 11 separate pieces of card.
These cards are selected at random and arranged in a line next to each other.

a) Determine the probability that the two cards with the letter B will appear next
to each other.

b) Find the probability that the two cards with the letter B will appear next to each
other and the two cards with the letter I will appear next to each other.

c) Hence deduce the probability that the two cards with the letter B will not
appear next to each other and the two cards with the letter I will not appear
next to each other.

2 , 2 , 37
11 55 55

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 7 (***+)

S S STTTCI I A

The 10 letters above, are written on 10 separate pieces of card. These cards are
selected at random and arranged in a line next to each other.

a) Find the probability that the 10 letter arrangement will spell STATISTICS .

b) Determine the probability that in the 10 letter arrangement the 3 cards with the
letter T will be next to one another.

c) Calculate the probability that the 10 letter arrangement will start with CAT , in
that order.

d) Find the probability that the 10 letter arrangement will end with the letter S .

e) Determine the probability that in the 10 letter arrangement the 3 cards showing
a vowel will be next to one another.

1 , 1 , 1 , 3 , 1
50400 15 240 10 15

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 8 (***+)
The 10 letters of the word

B AC AB AC AB A

are written on 10 separate pieces of card.

These cards are selected at random and arranged in a line next to each other.

Determine the number of arrangements which start and finish with the same letter.

FP4-Q , 784

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 9 (****)
Coloured pegs are to be placed in 4 holes which are drilled in a straight line, next to
each other. These coloured pegs are identical in size and 2 of them are red, 2 of them
are green, 2 of them are brown, 2 of them are orange, 2 of them are pink and 2 of
them are blue.

6 pegs, one from each of the 6 colours, are picked from the 12 pegs and four are
placed in the holes.

a) Determine the number of different arrangements which can be made.

Next 4 pegs, 2 pink, 1 blue and 1 green are picked from the 12 pegs and are placed
in the holes.

b) Find the number of different arrangements which can now be made.

Finally 4 pegs are picked at random from the total of 12 pegs and placed in the holes.

c) Determine the number of different arrangements which can be made on this

occasion.

360 , 12 , 1170

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 10 (****)
Seven rectangular tiles, of which 3 are pink, 2 are blue and 2 are red, are placed in a
straight line, next to each other.

Find the number of arrangements where the pink tiles are next to each other and the
blue tiles are not next to each other.

FP4-Y , 18

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 11 (*****)
Five 1st year students and three 2nd year students are standing next to each other, for a
photograph to be taken.

It assumed that the eight students positioned themselves at random.

a) Find the probability that all the 1st year students are standing next to each other.

b) Determine the probability that all the 1st year students are standing next to each
other and all the 2nd year students are standing next to each other.

c) Find the probability that no 2nd year students are standing next to each other.

1 , 1 , 5
14 28 14

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 12 (*****)
5 adults and 6 children go to the cinema and sit next to each other, in a row which
contains 11 empty consecutive seats.

a) Determine the number of ways these 11 people can sit so that no two adults sit
next to each other.

Another 3 adults and 8 children go to the cinema and sit next to each other, in a row
which also contains 11 empty consecutive seats.

b) Find the number of ways these 11 people can sit so that at least two of the
adults sit next to each other.

FP4-V , 1,814, 400 , 19,595,520

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

MIXED
COUNTING

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 1 (***+)
The numbers 1, 2 , 3 and 4 are to be used to make a four digit password.

Calculate the number of the four digit passwords that can be created if …

a) ... any repetitions are allowed.

b) ... no repetitions are allowed

c) ... a digit can be repeated at most twice.

FP4-O , 44 = 256 , 4! = 24 , 204

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2 (****)
Alex, Beth and Cain are 3 students in a class which consists of a total of 8 students.

a) Determine the number of selections of 4 students which contain both Alex and
Beth but not Cain.

Next all 8 students are standing next to each for a group photo.

b) Determine the number of arrangements in which ...

i. ... Alex is standing at one end and Beth and Cain are standing next to
each other.

ii. ... Alex and Beth are standing next to each other and Cain is standing next
to them.

FP4-P , 10 , 2880 , 2880

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3 (****+)

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

The above nine single digit numbers are written on nine separate pieces of card.

Four of these cards are picked at random and placed next to each other to form a four
digit number.

Find the total different number of arrangements of …

a) … four digit numbers that can be formed.

b) … four digit odd numbers that can be formed.

c) … four digit numbers that can be formed, whose all four digits are odd.

d) … four digit numbers that can be formed which have odd and even digits.

e) … four digit numbers that can be formed which have at least three odd digits.

f) … four digit numbers that can be formed whose sum of digits is 28 .

FP4-Z , 3024 , 1680 , 120 , 2880 , 1080 , 48

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 4 (****+)
The six letters of the word RADIAN are written on six separate pieces of card.

In an experiment, four cards are selected and placed next to each other, forming a four
letter arrangement.

Calculate the number of different four letter arrangement.

FP4-X , 192

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 5 (****+)

B, A , N, A , N, A , S

The 7 letters shown above are written on separate pieces of card.

a) Find the number of arrangements which can be made if all 7 letters are used.

b) Find the number of arrangements which can be made if all 7 letters are used
and the three vowels are together.

c) Find the number of arrangements which can be made if all 7 letters are used
and the three vowels are together and the four consonants are together.

d) Determine the number of ways in which 4 letters can be picked from the total
of 7 letters.

e) Calculate the number of arrangements of which 4 letters are used from the
total of 7 letters.

FP4-M , 420 , 60 , 24 , 11 , 114

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 6 (****+)

1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4

The above 8 single digit numbers are written on 8 separate pieces of card.

These cards are placed next to each other at random, forming an 8 digit number.

a) Determine the number of the 8 digit numbers that can be formed, which exceed
30,000,000 .

Next 4 cards are picked at random and placed next to each other to form a 4 digit
number.

b) Find the number of 4 digit numbers that can be formed, which exceed 3000 .

FP4-U , 1260 , 102

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 7 (*****)
The 6 letters of the word BUTTER are written on 6 separate pieces of card.

In an experiment 4 cards are selected at random, forming a 4 letter arrangement.

a) Determine the number of 4 letter arrangements which ...

i. … will begin and end with a consonant.

ii. … will begin with a vowel.

iii. … will start with B and end with a vowel.

b) Find the total number of all 4 letter arrangements which can be formed.

FP4-T , 40 , 66 , 14 , 192

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 8 (*****)
The 7 letters of the word MINIMUM are written on 7 separate pieces of card.

Four of these cards are picked at random, one after the other, and are arranged into a
four letter word in the order they were picked.

Determine the number of the four letter words which can be formed.

FP4-S , 114

Created by T. Madas