2ND

EDITION

Upper Intermediate
Students' Book
with DVD-ROM

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Frances Eales • Steve Oakes

 CONTENTS
LESSON GRAMMAR/FUNCTION VOCABULARY PRONUNCIATION READING

Try something new present perfect feelings; word building: word stress; connected speech read a web article about
page 11 nouns trying something new
polite enquiries adverts polite intonation read adverts

actions with big results

You're being the passive surveillance sentence stress: passives read a letter of complaint
watched page 23
Good point! opinions opinion adjectives intonation for partially agreeing read newspaper extracts
page 26
A Quiet Revolution
page 28

read stories with a moral;

read a humorous story
about a saying
A life in six words I wish, if only adjectives for stories; sentence stress read about the life of an
page 35 multi-word verbs extraordinary woman
expressing likes and dislikes reading genres sentence stress read the summary of a book

time is changing; read an

opinion essay
Great getaways future forms positive adjectives; word stress; connected speech read about unusual
page 47 uncountable and plural holidays
nouns
How does it work? describing procedures abilities stress and intonation: mirror
page 50 questions

The Happiness
Formula page 52

worst inventions ever

Consumer crazy real and hypothetical advertising collocations sentence stress: conditionals find out your advertising IQ
page 59 conditionals
What do you think? suggesting ideas collocations with idea intonation: showing reservations read about the rules of
page 62 brainstorming

DVD-ROM: 1111 DVD CLIPS AND SCRIPTS � BBC INTERVIEWS AND SCRIPTS �CLASS AUDIO AND SCRIPTS
 CONTENTS

LISTENING/DVD SPEAKING WRITING

understand informal conversations have interesting conversations write an advice forum message;
edit for accuracy
talk about new experiences

handle phone enquiries make phone enquiries

l!!!l!!I 50 Things To Do Before You Die: watch a BBC recommend an experience write a forum entry
lililil documentary about adventures

talk about different issues

listen to opinions about surveillance discuss surveillance write a letter of complaint; use formal written
language
listen to people discuss issues give and respond to opinions; support your
viewpoint
l!!!l!!I A quiet revolution: watch a BBC programme give a presentation about traditional write notes for a presentation
lililil about changes in working patterns gender roles

tell anecdotes write a narrative; use adverbs

listen to a BBC radio programme about very short stories talk about life stories

listen to people recommending books talk about your reading; summarise a plot

• Tess of the D'Urbervilles: watch a BBC drama describe a TV/film scene describe a TV/film scene

discuss how you use your time write an opinion essay; use linkers

listen to people talk about holidays plan an alternative holiday

listen to people describing TV game shows describe procedures; use mirror questions

l!!!l!!I The Happiness Formula: watch a BBC programme do a class survey write your top tips for how to be happy
lililil about happiness

talk about inventions

listen to a programme about advertising describe adverts write a report; make writtten comparisons

listen to a brainstorming session take part in a brainstorming session

l!!!l!!I Genius: watch a BBC programme about present a novel idea write a product review
lililil presenting ideas
 CONTENTS
LESSON GRAMMAR/FUNCTION VOCABULARY PRONUNCIATION READING

phrases
future perfect and continuous optimism/pessimism weak forms: auxiliaries read emails making
arrangements

So what you're persuading collocations intonation: persuading

saying is ... page 74
How To live To 101
page 76

The camera never reported speech reporting verbs word stress read an essay on celebrities
lies page 83 and the media

What's in the news adding emphasis the press sentence stress read about tabloid topics
page 86
News Blunders
page 88

-ing form and infinitive values connected speech: read the instructions for
intrusive /w/ two games

Have you got a handling an awkward situation behaviour sentence stress and intonation read tips for handling
minute? page 98 awkward situations

The Human Animal

page 100

memory
past modals of deduction synonyms connected speech: past modals read an infographic about
seams; read an advice
leaflet about avoiding
trouble on holiday
reporting an incident incidents sentence stress read reasons for calling the
emergency services

participle clauses the Arts; two-part phrases word stress; connected speech read answers to popular culture c

On your left ... giving a tour dimensions intonation in comments

page 122
The People's Palace
page 124

IRREGULAR VERBS page 127 LANGUAGE BANK page 128 VOCABULARY BANK page 148
 CONTENTS

LISTENING/DVD SPEAKING WRITING

discuss different ages and generations

listen to a BBC programme about letters to your talk about your future write an informal email; focus on informal style
future self
listen to a phone-in about life's milestones discuss the right age for different things

1!11!!1!!1 Horizon: How to Live to 101: watch a BBC hold a debate write a forum comment
lililil programme about living longer

talk about TV programmes

listen to an expert talking about hoax photographs talk about celebrity and media write a discursive essay; use linkers of contrast

listen to people talking about recent news stories express strong reactions

1!11!!1!!1 The Funny Side of the News: watch a BBC retell a news story write a short news article
lililil programme about live news

talk about a difficult decision you've made

listen to an experiment about fairness talk about values and behaviour write an informal article; use linkers of purpose

deal with awkward situations

1!11!!1!!1 The Human Animal: watch a BBC documentary give advice on how to behave in your culture write about behaviour in your culture
lililil about body language

discuss how good a witness you are

listen to people talk about getting tricked speculate about scams write a 'how to' leaflet; learn to avoid repetition

listen to someone report an incident talk about emergency situations

Horizon: How to Survive a Sea Disaster: watch a agree priorities write a story about a lucky escape
•
BBC programme about a sea rescue

listen to people talk about films talk about a film you never get bored with write a film review

talk about popular culture and arts experiences

listen to tours of two very different places show a visitor around part of your town

1!11!!1!!1 The Culture Show: The People's Palace: watch a discuss an artistic project for your town write a competetion entry
lililil BBC programme about an innovative building

COMMUNICATION BANK page 158 AUDIO SCRIPTS page 164

>) LEAD IN
,:i,iit-'l•J:i1:,1�=<�=• e1 :» :-
1 A Work in pairs and complete the questionnaire. 3 A Work in pairs. Complete the table with words
from the box.
HOWi LEARN cQmpletely extrgmely guarantee future
minJJ.tes pJJ.sh pJJ.blic system reach
thQrough took 2.bsolutely
1 It's useful to know grammatical terminology ...
a) because it's 1much easier to talk about grammar rules.
b) to read and understand grammar books 2better.
c) ... actually, I don't think it's 3useful. 1 /II this wQmgn
2 When I meet a new word. I ...
a) 4look it up, then write it in my notebook with a translation. 2 /i:/ thgse leave
b) write 5a phrase or sentence with 6the word in it.

g_gain prgnunciatiQn
c) think about it. but don't write anything down.
3 I enjoy using English outside the class ...
3 /a/

1�1 g_Ctually g_ngry

a) to communicate on social networking sites.
b) when I'm 7watching films and listening 8to music in English. 4
c) ... I 9don't use English outside class.
4 In addition to 10doing homework. I study English ... 5 /A/ fyn mgney
a) 11every day.
bQQk pyll
b) two or three times a week.
c) not at all - I don't have timel
6 /u/
5 I think it's important 12to speak English in the lesson ...
a) 100% of the time. B � L.1 Listen and check. Then listen and repeat.
b) whenever we 13can.
c) only when we're 14told to. C Work in pairs. How can phonemic symbols help
you learn new words?
B Match the grammatical terms a)-n) with words
1-14 in bold above.
a) dependent preposition h) adverbial phrase 4A Cross out the noun or noun phrase that does not
b) past participle i) quantifier collocate with the verb in the word web.
c) present participle j) auxiliary verb
d) gerund k) definite article
nothing
e) infinitive with to l) indefinite article your best your homework
f) adjective in comparative form m) modal verb do
g) gradable adjective n) multi-word verb a mess the housework
someone a favour a problem
�

2 A Correct the sentences. a mismrofit

a break a choice
working a cha�exam
1 I can't stand to work with music on.
2 I learnt driving last year.
3 I want that the teacher corrects everything I say.
your time a noise
�
4 I'd rather to eat out than at home.
5 I'd like travelling abroad this year.
instructions directions
6 I enjoy be alone.
7 I like it when the teacher tells to repeat words. ve i
a break ffi
8 I'd better to spend more time studying or I'll never care dream
make progress in English. a ring a talk
ili have fun
B Find two examples above for each pattern:
1 verb+ gerund 1 trouble a good time
2 verb+ infinitive
3 verb+ infinitive with to
4 verb+ object+ infinitive with to B Work in pairs and take turns. Student A: say a
noun or noun phrase. Student B: say the verb that
C Work in pairs. Which sentences are true for you? collocates with it.
How would you change the other sentences to
make them true?
TIME FOR A CHAT p8 TRY SOMETHING NEW p I I l'D LIKE TO ENQUIRE p 14 GREAT EXPERIENCES p 16
 Eat, chat and make friends
Come along to a sociable and stimulating evening of
conversation that goes beyond the normal 'What do you do?' or
'Did you see last night's TV?' You'll have a number of different
conversation partners during the evening, and have a menu
of interesting topics to get you started. There will be Turkish
meze dishes on the tables and coffee or other drinks are
available. Some of our most recent conversation topics include:
* When do you feel most alive?
* Which three adjectives might people use to describe you?
* What was the last photo you took on your phone?
* Where do you feel most 'at home'?
* What three ingredients would you look for in an ideal job?
*** Would you prefer to live with a view of the ocean or of a city?
What three questions would you ask a potential flatmate?

* What do you always have in your wallet or handbag?

What music do you have on your phone or MP3 player?

SPEAKING 1
1 A Work in pairs. Write three things that people talk about when PERSONALITY
they meet for the first time.
3A Complete the extracts from
B Read the text above about a conversation evening and discuss the conversations with words and
the questions. phrases from the box.
1 What is special about the conversations?
a people person a computer geek
2 Which four conversation topics mentioned would you be the keep yourself to yourself witty
most interested in discussing? down-to-earth a good laugh
3 Are there any conversation topics which you would avoid asking spontaneous a morning person
in your culture/country?
1 For me an important question is
'Do you ___ or do you tend to
LISTENING .;,,. be around a lot?'
2 I like having friends around.
2 A � 1.1 Listen to people at the conversation evening. Which I suppose I'm ___.
two topics from the text above do the speakers discuss? What can 3 I'm not - I can't stand
you remember from each conversation? people who are all bright and
B Listen again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)? Correct the cheerful first thing.
false sentences. 4 Well, at least you're ___. You're
quick and you make me laugh.
1 The woman would like someone very sociable.
5 I get an idea and I do it, no
2 She is at her best in the mornings.
hesitation. So I'm ___
3 She is quite tidy.
6 Well, people say I'm fun to be
4 She would ask a flatmate about their salary. with, ___, if you know what
5 The man has a lot of original ideas. I mean.
6 He thinks carefully before making a decision. 7 I'm very practical and ___.
7 He works for an outdoor adventure school. 8 I'm not ___. I don't sit in front
8 He agrees with the three adjectives. of my computer for hours.
C Work in pairs and discuss the questions. B Work in pairs and discuss. Which
1 What examples do the speakers give about being: antisocial, words or phrases would you use to
tidy, reliable with money, creative, adventurous and describe yourself or someone you

-
non-judgemental? know?
2 Which of the two topics would you prefer to talk about?
[> page 148 VOCABULARYBANK
What would your answers be for this topic?
 5A Make sentences with the opening phrases.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT 1 Why are you studying English?
QUESTIONS Can you tell me why you are studying English?
2 How long do you plan to study?
4 A Look at the conversation extracts. Do you have any idea ... ?
Complete B's questions and then 3 What do you do in the evenings?
check in the audio script on page 164.
Can I ask ... ?
1 A: Another question is about 4 Do you have a full-time job?
housework and cleaning.
Do you mind me asking ... ?
B: Yes, something like' Who cleans
S Which countries have you visited?
the place where you live now?'
2 A: You need to know they can afford I'd be interested to know ... .
the rent. 6 Where did you get that watch?
B: But I wouldn't ask 'Could you tell Could you tell me ... ?
me ______ ___ earn?' 7 Is there a good cafe anywhere near here?
3 A: ... I like doing new things, things Do you know ... ?
that are out of the ordinary. 8 Would you like to come for a coffee?
B: Such ? I was wondering ... .
4 A: That's useful in my job, too. B � 1.2 Listen and check your answers. Which opening phrase
B: Can I ask ______ ___ ? is best for asking a very personal question?
A: I work for a web design company.
S A: My friends would say 'creative, 6 A SENTENCE STRESS Listen again and underline the main
spontaneous and disorganised'. stressed syllables in each sentence.
B: I'd be interested to know B Say the sentences at the same time as the recording and copy
___ agree with them. the stress.
6 B:What ______ by
'non-judgemental'? ? A Choose three questions from Exercise SA to ask other students
A: Well, I try not to make up my and write two more indirect questions of your own.
mind about people until I get to
B Work in pairs and practise saying your five questions.
know them, ...
C Work with other students and ask your questions.
B Check what you know. Look at the
questions in Exercise 4A and find: D Work with a new partner. What did you find out about the
a) A direct question with an auxiliary other students?
verb [> page 128 LANGUAGEBANK
b) Three indirect questions
c) A question with a question word as
the subject SPEAKING ��:,.
d) A short question with a preposition
at the end. 8 A Work in pairs. Choose a conversation topic from the text on
page 8 and discuss it with your partner.
C Circle the correct word in bold
to complete the rules for indirect B Work with a new partner. Choose a new conversation topic.
questions. C Discuss. What do you think of the idea of a conversation
evening? Where would you hold it? What other food or drink
1 Indirect questions are often could you have?
used when a question is rather
personal/impersonal or to
make a question sound more
polite/interesting.
2 Word order in indirect questions
is the same as/different from
positive statements.
3 Indirect questions use/don't
use the auxiliaries do or did.
4When there is/isn't a question
word in the direct question, add if

..
or whether in the indirect question.
 WRITING i 10 A Read the advice. Which of the features in Exercise
9C does the writer include?
AN ADVICE FORUM MESSAGE; LEARN TO
EDIT FOR ACCURACY ,,.------------=----------·

9A Work in pairs and answer the questions. n Radu

1 How important is speaking English for you? Hi Rafael.
2 Which aspects of speaking do you find difficult? I think it's easy to solve your problem. You just have to
3 What problems are there in practising speaking make some research.1[ww]
outside class if you are studying in a) your own There are a lot of opportunities to practise speaking
country b) an English-speaking country? on internet.2[gr] You can found them by searching for
B Read the messages from a discussion forum and 'practise speaking English online free'.1[v] Be careful,
answer the questions. some arent really free!'[p] On some sites you can find a
speaking partner in another country and talk to them on
1 What do you think of the suggestion in the reply?
Skype. Often they are at the same level as you. but it's
2 What types of video would you choose? good for practise and for getting more confidence. 5[sp]
It helped me become more fluent and I also liked very
much meeting new people. 6[wo]
I hope you try this out and enjoy it as much as I did. I
wish you the best success in your future endeavours I '[st]
Hi everyone. I live in Spain and I don't use English
at work, so I don't have any chance to practise
speaking English. Does anyone have any good B Read the advice again and correct the mistakes.
ideas how I could improve my speaking? Use the teacher's correction code at the end of each
sentence.
Correction code: sp= spelling
v= verb form p= punctuation
gr= grammar wo= word order
Hi Rafael. ww = wrong word st= style
I know exactly how you feel because I'm in
a similar situation. I live in Bulgaria and also 11 A Read the forum question below and write a reply
struggle to find opportunities to practise my either to Miki or Rafael (120-180 words).
spoken English. I know a really great idea which
has really helped me. It's called 'shadowing'.
You find a short video which has the words on nMiki
the screen at the same time. I really like sitcoms
so I often use these. or you can find some good Hi Rafael,
English video podcasts with the script under My situation is different from yours and I also need advice.
them. You listen to the speaker and you say the I'm studying in the UK so there's English all around me
words at the same time. It's really good because but I'm quite a shy person. My grammar is good but I
you have to listen very carefully to the 'music' of don't feel confident about speaking, so I end up talking to
English. You notice the stress and the intonation, other students in the coffee shop and outside in my own
how the person phrases things and where the language. Does anyone have any advice on this?
pauses are. It's really helped me to become Miki
more confident and fluent and has improved
my pronunciation.
B Swap replies with another student. Read their
Hope that helps. Good luck! text and tell them one thing you like about their
advice. Then read it again and mark a maximum of
three mistakes with correction codes.
C Read the list of features which appear in this type C Look at your own text again. Check it carefully
of advice. Which ones are in the message above? and make corrections.
1 Show you identify with the problem. D Read other students' advice. Whose advice is the
2 Give advice referring to personal experience. most useful?
3 Say where to get more information.
�
4 Sign off and wish the person luck. speakout TIP
We often miss our own mistakes, so it's a good idea to give

-
your text 'a rest' and come back after several minutes or
hours to take a fresh look. Also try reading your text aloud.
You will probably spot more mistakes.
 VOCABULARY l
FEELINGS

1 A How do you feel about trying new things, such as

a challenging sport, a new dish or a new skill? Tick
the statements that best fit you. Then work in pairs
and compare your answers.
D Fine if no one's watching. DWhy should I?
D Food yes, sports no. D Not very positive, but
DI love it! I know it's good for me.
D Match the adjectives or verb phrases you circled
B Match the comments below with photos A-D. to words with a similar meaning 1-10.
What activities are the people talking about? 1 disappointed and angry 6 very interested
2 felt embarrassed 7 felt nervous
All my friends put pressure on me to do it. Looking 3 thrilled 8 petrified
down. I felt scared out of my wits - who wouldn't be? 4 disgusted me 9 admiring
Then I jumped, and l don't remember much, but l was 5 glad it was finished 10 embarrassing
relieved when it was all over.
E � 1.3 WORD STRESS Underline the stressed
syllables in the adjectives and phrases from Exercise
The very thought of eating them made my lC. Listen and check. Then listen and repeat.
stomach turn. I thought I'd throw up and I knew
that would be awkward, with everyone in the 2 A Check what you know. Work in pairs and cross
restaurant watching! So I simply ate them as fast out the incorrect alternative in each sentence.
as I could. When I finished, everyone clapped. Explain the reason for your choices.
They were really impressed. 1 A: I felt really frustrating/frustrated because I tried
so hard but I still failed the driving test.
The really interesting thing was how quickly we learnt B: And it's your fifth time! How embarrassing!
the steps; I was fascinated by the way the teacher embarrassed!
taught us. At the end of the lesson the teacher gave us 2 A: I was very/really/totally interested in the book.
a prize for best beginners - we were over the moon. B: Yes, it was very/really/totally fascinating.
3 A: I was very/really/absolutely relieved at the end.
B: Yes, and we won! I was very/really/absolutely
I was shaking like a leaf as I stood up. Everyone
over the moon.
was staring at me and I just ran out of the room.
I'd wanted so much to do it, and it was over B What other modifiers could be used instead of
before it began; I've never felt so frustrated in absolutely or totally?
my life. All my colleagues were watching and
I wished the earth would swallow me up. 3 A Choose three adjectives or phrases from Exercise
lC and write notes about times you felt those
emotions.
C Work in pairs and circle ten adjectives or verb
phrases in the comments which describe feelings. B Work in pairs. Tell your partner about the
How many have a positive meaning? experiences. Are any of your experiences similar?
 Comments

I
t's a simple idea: Choose something you've never done before, Jasmine21: I've just finished my first challenge:
no internet for 30 days. At first, I thought it would
and spend the next 30 days doing it. It can be something ordinary
like walking more, or changing your diet - or something that be impossible, but I noticed after five or six days
really takes you outside your comfort zone, such as mountain that I felt much more relaxed. For one thing, I had
climbing, writing a story or getting up before sunrise every day. more time on my hands ... but more importantly,
I began to pay attention to things around me
It's all about changing old habits into new ones, overcoming your more, especially the people. I realised that I often
fears and moving your life in a healthier and more interesting used things like social networking to avoid the
direction. So go ahead, pick one of the ideas from my list or one of outside world.
your own, and get started. Today. Let me know how you get on.
Easy TallThinGuy: Talking to strangers is relatively easy
• Take a 30-minute walk each day. for me because I do it all the time in my job. So I
• Keep a daily journal. tried something a bit different - talking to a friend
• Take a new route to work/school every day. every day, a different friend every day. I wasn't sure
• Do mental exercises for 30 minutes each day. I had 30 friends altogether, so after going through
Intermediate
the obvious people - the ones I'm in touch with
irLanguage.com and socialise with now - I started digging into my
• Try a new recipe each day.
• Learn how to draw a human face. past, going back to friends I'd lost touch with from
• Stop using the internet for 30 days. university, then high school, then primary school.
• Take a daily cold shower. Since then I've made much more of an effort to stay
in touch with a few really precious friends.
Bard
• Talk to a stranger every day. Chiek: I started doing this half a year ago and in
• Take one photograph a day. the last six months I've learnt how to sail, I've taken
• Write a 10,000-word short story in a month. art lessons. and become a member of an online
• Get up before sunrise every day. book club. For me, the best experience has been
mental exercises. I've done exercises for years, but I've never
really tried mental exercises before. It's not just that I feel
calmer and don't get so stressed, I also find I can
focus on tasks more clearly and I sleep better. So
that one's something I'm going to carry on doing.

READING -�·
PRESENT PERFECT
4 A Work in pairs and look at the title of the article
above. What do you think it is about?
6 A Complete these sentences using the words in
B Read the first two paragraphs and check your brackets. Then check in the texts.
predictions. 1 Choose something you before.
C Work in pairs and look at the writer's list of (never/do)
suggested activities. Do you agree with the level of 2 I my first challenge. (just/finish)
difficulty (easy, intermediate, hard) that the writer 3 In the last six months I how to sail.
gives for each? (learn)
4 I exercises for years. (do)
5A Read the comments then work in pairs. Cover
the texts and discuss. What did each person do and B Check what you know. Match 1-4 above with
how successful were they? rules 1-3.
B Find phrases in the texts which mean:
Use the present perfect for:
1 new and difficult for you (paragraph 1) 1 a completed action or experience at an
2 what happens to you (paragraph 2) unspecified time before now, often with
3 had spare time (JasmineZl) phrases such as ever/never, this week,
4 searching carefully (TallThinGuy) this month.
5 tried hard to (TallThin Guy) 2 a recent completed action at an unspecified
6 continue (Chiek) time before now that has a present result,
C Work in pairs and discuss. What would you like to often with words like just, already.

-
try for 30 days? 3 states or actions which are not complete;
they began in the past and continue up to
now, often with for or since.
"1 A Look at the time phrases in the box. Which are VOCABULARY PLUS
usually used with the present perfect (PP), the past WORD BUILDING: NOUNS
simple (PS) or both (B)?
up to now PP so far this time last week
10 A How would you feel if you were asked to give up
the internet for 30 days or speak in public? Choose
recently this morning over the last fortnight
adjectives from the box or your own ideas.
not+ yet still + not for several years
frustrated awkward embarrassed creative
8 � 1.4 CONNECTED SPEECH Listen and write disappointed anxious angry fascinated
sentences 1-6. worried spontaneous nervous amused
C In each sentence:
1 Underline two stressed words.
B � 1.5 Work in pairs and complete the groups
with the noun form of the adjectives in the box.
2 Circle have/has where a is weakened to /a/. Then listen and check.
3 Draw a line to show linking between a final
1 -ion: frustration 3 -ity/-ety: 5 other:
consonant and an initial vowel.
2 -ment: 4 -ness:
�ou tried)t before?
C Underline the stressed syllable in each noun. Use
[> page 128 LANGUAGEBANK a dictionary to help. Then listen again and check.
8A Complete the sentences with the present perfect D Match the nouns with the rules below.
or past simple of the verbs in the box. Include the 1 The stress is always on the syllable before the suffix.
adverbs in brackets. 2 The stress is on the same syllable as in the adjective.
do give be go live play try learn 11 A Complete the sentences in the personality quiz
I
. buy get with the correct noun or adjective form.

What would you 11ike to try·Jfor· one monthl ·iii':

. '"" .. ··- ..,gJ;J
1
• l _______ (always) afraid of water, but
PersanaliliH quiz
I finally 2 to swim in the summer.
Now I'd like to try diving. / People often comment on my
span
• I3 (just) a high-quality video
camera; my sister 4 it to me for
my birthday. So I'd like to learn how to edit a film.
a My greatest fru are related to my
relationships rather than money.

• I love music and I 5 the piano 3 When I was younger, I was awk.________,,...,,
for many years n0w. but there's one instrument in social situations. but not anymore.
I6 (not so far): the guitar. q I get a lot of amu from being with
• I7 (never) anything online - I'm children.
paranoid about giving my credit card details, but I I often feel quite dis in my friends.
know it's cheaper, so that would be my choice. II for example when they don't have time for me.
• Hiking in the Alps. I 8 in For me. ang______ is a complete waste
Austria since I was born, and everyone in my family B of energy.
9 to the Alps hiking loads of
times. But somehow 1 10 (still not) ? I suffer from ner______ in large groups.
a proper hike. B I often feel intense anx in lifts.

B Work in pairs. Which activities in Exercise 8A

would you both like to try? B Check your answers. Add two more sentences
to the quiz, using a noun and an adjective from
Exercises lOA and lOB.
SPEAKING ..
C Read the quiz again. For each sentence decide if
9A Work alone and make notes on: you strongly agree (.f.f), agree (.f), disagree ()() or
• two activities you started more than a month ago strongly disagree ()()().
and still do. D Work with a new partner. Compare your answers.
• two activities you used to do, but don't do now. In what ways are you most similar or different?

-
• two activities you haven't done, but would like to do.
[> page 148 VOCABULARYBANK
B Work in groups. Tell each other about three of
the activities that are/were important to you.
 VOCABULARY 2 FUNCTION :,.·
ADVERTS POLITE ENQUIRIES

1 A Work in pairs and discuss. 2 A � 1.6 Listen to the phone conversation and
1 How do you usually find out about local news, answer the questions.
events and courses? 1 Who is the caller phoning?
2 Do you ever make phone calls about these in 2 What does she want?
English? What is difficult about doing this? 3 Is the receptionist able to help her?
B Look at the adverts A-D. Which ones would 4 Does the caller sound polite to you?
interest you the most?
B Complete the sentences. Then listen again and

...-
check.
1 like to about a course.
Flatmate wanted 2 I ___ wondering ___ it ___ be ___
Spare room available in 3-bedroom flat, ideal for for ___ to change to that group.
full-time student or working professional. Shared 3 Can ___ tell ___ why I have to do it in
bathroom, kitchen, living room. Rent €480/month. person?
Pets negotiable. 4 Would ___ be any ___ of doing the level
test on the phone?
S Do you ___ me ___ what it involves?
c FREE 6 I'd be really ___ if you ___ hold a place for
E introductory offer me till Saturday morning.
School of English 7 Would you mind ___ that in an email for me?
Advanced course in 8 ___ you tell me ___ the school opens?
-----
business English.
C � 1.7 POLITE INTONATION Listen and say the
Real business scenarios enquiries at the same time as the speaker. Copy the
including telephoning, Print the flyer on the
presentations, meetings right, fill in your details polite intonation.
and negotiations. and present it at the gym I'd like to enquire about a course.
Limited enrolment - to sign up for a FREE Can you tell me why I have to do it in person?
guarantee your place with training session with
a €50 non-refundable a certified trainer, D Work in pairs and discuss. How do you sound
deposit. worth €30. polite in your language? What is more important,
Phone 0472 981634 to enrol. Offer ends 30th January.
the words or the intonation?
[> page 128 LANGUAGEBANK

m Walk&TalkEnglish
Join us for our weekly walk, and practise your English
3A Make the enquiries more polite using the words
in brackets.
along the way. Group walks €5/walk - two-for-one deal 1 Where are you located? (Could/tell)
if you bring a friend (that's €5 for both of you!).
Or schedule your own one-to-one walk with an English 2 Can I use your two-for-one deal more than once?
teacher, €10/hour. Free trial for first-timers! (wondering)
3 Can my pet come with me? (like/know)
C Work in pairs and match meanings 1-7 with the 4 Tell me about the other people living there.
words/phrases in bold from the adverts. (Would/mind)
1 You pay for one and get two. S How many other people have inquired?
(mind/asking)
2 You can try it out at no cost.
6 Could you explain how the free trial works?
3 You need to pay part of the cost now, and you
(I/grateful)
can't get the money back.
4 It's possible - we can talk about it. B Work in pairs. In which situations from Exercise
S Put your name on a list for a course. lB could you make the enquiries 1-6 above?
6 There's a maximum number for this course.
7 Write your name, address, etc., on a form.

-
D Which words/phrases can be used to talk about
a restaurant, a cookery course, buying a used car
or a hotel booking?
j'_.
' ....
\

MANAGE ENQUIRIES 6 A Work in pairs. Student A: look at

Situation 1 below. Student B: turn to
4A Work in pairs. Read phrases 1-6 from the phone conversation.
page 158.
Who do you think is speaking, the receptionist (R) or the caller (C)?
1 Bear with me a minute.
Situation 1: Student A (Customer)
2 Sorry to keep you.
You've just received your flight
3 Sorry to be difficult, it's just that ... confirmation below. You entered
4 I'd really appreciate your help. the wrong flight date by mistake;
5 Can you hold on a minute? I'll just see. you want to fly one day later. Phone
6 I've got one more question, if I'm not keeping you. customer service to change the
B Look at the audio script on page 164 and check your answers. · booking. When you finish the call, you
should know a) when you will fly and
C Work in pairs and find: b) how much extra you have to pay.
1 two phrases showing the caller thinks she's causing a problem.
2 one polite phrase from the receptionist meaning please be patient.

5 Work in pairs and role-play a phone call to a sports centre. MA271 Wed 19 Oct
Use the flow chart to help. Remember to use polite intonation.

Sports Centre Receptionist

Dep Singapore 3:SOP.M.

( Answer the phone. Caller

Explain you have some B Student A: turn to page 160.
questions about the free gym Student B: turn to page 158.
membership.
�errupt because there's a call
l.9n the other line. Apologise.
--=­
spealcout Tl P
Ask about the possibility of two Before making a phone enquiry, note

J
people sharing the session. what you want to say and what the other
Ask the caller to hold while person might ask you. This can help your
l you check the information. confidence, especially in formal situations.
Say it's not possible. ------------
Ask about the cost of full
membership. "1 Work with a new partner. Choose

J
EITHER: the other two situations in
Say it depends on the level Exercise lB OR situations you have
[ of membership and refer the
�----------� been in. Decide who is the caller in
caller to your website.
Thank the receptionist and say each situation and make notes on
goodbye. what you want to ask. Role-play the
situations.
r Reply.
 DVD VIEW ..$.
1 Work in pairs and discuss the 3 A Work in pairs. Write down two words you think someone will
questions. mention for each of the activities in photos A-F.
1 What's one thing you've always B Watch the DVD. Which of your adjectives are used? Which

-
wanted to try, and one place you've activity is not in the DVD?
always wanted to visit?
2 What's stopped you from doing C Mark the sentences true (T) or false (F). Then watch again
both of these things? and check.
1 The main thing people say they love about sledding is the
2 A Work in pairs. Read the programme scenery.
information. Who decided what the 2 The presenter preferred driving the sled to sitting in it.
top fifty things to do are? 3 Pilots used to strap themselves to the wings at airshows.
B Match the activities mentioned in 4 Rebecca found it surprisingly easy to wave and look elegant.
the text to photos A-E. 5 The legendary Route 66 runs from Chicago to San Francisco.
6 One of the bungee jumpers likes the feeling of being stretched

Ill
and bounced.
7 People have always been fascinated by dolphins' playfulness
tm) 50 Things To and intelligence.
Do Before You Die 8 The speakers like dolphins because they are helpful to humans.
When the BBC asked its viewers D Work in pairs. Which activities in the programme do these
what one thing they'd like to do sentences refer to? Complete the phrases in bold so that they
in their lifetime, the response was mean the same as the words in brackets. Then watch the DVD
overwhelming, with some 20,000 again and check.
members of the public sending in 1 ... and you can really ___ it in because the dogs are doing all
their ideas. 50 Things To Do Before the hard work. (absorb)
You Die takes the viewers on a tour 2 ... and feeling like you're in or out of control is definitely
through the top fifty viewer choices. ___ it's at. (the key experience)
These range from observing rare 3 ... wanted nothing more than to be strapped to the outside of
and exotic animals in their natural a plane and ___ part in your very own wingwalking display.
habitat; to travelling a historic route (be involved in)
by train, car or jet plane; to some 4 Once upon a time it was, the kind of the ___ to do.
more extreme activities not for the (the fashionable experience)
faint-hearted, among them bungee 5 The feeling you get when you jump off, fall off, dive off, or
jumping, husky dog sledding and ___, is just awesome. (anything like that)
wing-walking. Whether you're a 6 ... they're so huge and powerful and ___ so playful and,
hard-core traveller or an armchair I'm really, really lucky to be here with them. (but)
tourist, you're sure to find inspiration
E Work with a new partner. Order the five activities in the
for your next journey. programme from the one you'd most like to do to the one
you'd least like to do.
speakout a recommendation writeback a forum entry
4A Think about somethi�g you have tried that you 5A Read the introduction to this web forum and
would recommend to someone else, for example an extract from one writer's contribution. What
a journey, an experience with animals/nature, a activity is she writing about?
sport. Make notes on questions 1-3.
1 What was the activity? We're looking for true stories that will inspire others to
2 How did you feel before/while/after you did it? try something they've never done before. Whether it's
3 Why do you think it's worth trying? a place you've been, a food you've tried, a sport or an
activity you've done, tell us about it in 200 words or less.
B � 1.8 Listen to someone describing an Remember, your goal is to get others to try it, so tell us
activity, and answer questions 1 and 2 above. what's so extraordinary about it, and why it's one thing
C Listen again and tick the key phrases you hear. we should do in our lifetime.

PHRASES Stacey: ... Each day we walked slowly through the

I'm (not) the kind of person who likes ... section of the jungle where they live.
The activity I'd like to recommend may seem ... The first two days we didn't see any but I was
determined to stay as long as it took and on the
It's one of the [best/most challenging] third day we saw an adult female and her baby on
experiences I've ever had. a branch, eating leaves with their auburn fur
The thing I'll remember most is [the feeling of glinting in the sunlight.
.. ./the moment when ... ]. The thing I'll remember most is the moment our
I'd recommend this experience because it helps eyes met.
you understand [something about fear/how
wonderful Xis].
It's an activity I'd like to recommend to all my B Write an entry (120-200 words) for the forum.
friends.
C Swap entries with your partner. Make
suggestions on how he/she could make the
D Work in small groups. Use your notes from experience sound more exciting.
Exercise 4A and the key phrases to tell each other
about your activity. D Read other students' entries. Which experience
would you most like to try?
"
J.;.S ,(c LOOKBACK
tJ;;,•; ' , •

1 A Complete the sentences with 3 A Complete the conversations 5 A Rewrite the sentences to
an adjective phrase. with words and phrases from the make them more polite. Use the
1 She has a quick mind and box. Not all items are needed. phrases in brackets.
is good with words. She's 1 I need some information
over the moon fascinated
wi about train times to Vienna.
awkward relieved impressed
2 He's quite reserved and (I'd like to enquire)
shaking like a leaf frustrated
ke ___ hi___ t___ wished the earth would 2 Which train do I need to take
hi___ swallow me up to get to Vienna by 3p.m.? (Can
3 She does things without made my stomach turn you tell me)
planning. She's spa ___. 3 How far is it from the western
4 He doesn't like working alone. A: Hey, I've got the job! to the southern train station?
He's a pe___ pe___. B: Congratulations! You must be (Can I ask)
I
S She's very do___-t___- 4 Where can I get information
e___, uncomplicated and A: Yes, I'm 2___ because I on local transport in Vienna?
practical. thought I'd done badly at the (Do you mind me asking)
6 He's fun to be with, a go___ interview. I was so nervous s Do I need to book a seat on
l __ that I was 3___. the train? (I was wondering)
7 She's definitely a mo___ B: Did the interviewer notice? 6 Can I book on the phone?
pe ___, not at her best late A: Well, I spilt my coffee on her. (Could you tell me)
at night. B: Oh, that's •___! 7 Could you book it for me?
8 He's a real computer ge___ A: Very embarrassing. At that (I was wondering if)
- he's always talking about moment I 5___• 8 Could you send me an email
gigabytes and new software. B: You got the job, so I guess confirmation? (I'd be grateful if)
they were 6 ___ with you.
B Work in pairs and discuss. B Work in pairs and take turns.
What combination of personal B Work in pairs and add Role-play a phone conversation
qualities above would make a very, really, absolutely, totally, between a travel agent and a
good friend, a good TV talk show completely before the adjectives customer. Use the sentences in
host and a good accountant? and adjective phrases (but not Exercise SA to help you.
the verb phrases) in Exercise 3A. A: I'd like to enquire about train
Then practise the conversation. times to Glasgow.
8: Certainly. What would you like
to know?
A: Can you tell me what train I
2A Choose a topic from the box 4 A Complete the sentences with need to take to get to Glasgow
and complete the questions. the present perfect or past by 6p.m., please?
simple of the verbs in brackets. 8: Let me just check.
transport family travel 1 Since I ___ this course,
shopping study fashion I ___ my speaking. (start I
1 Do you like ... ? improve)
2 What's ... like? 2 I to Canada twice but
3 How often do you ... ? I __ to the USA yet. (go I
not go)
4 Have you ever ... ?
3 I ___ a real celebrity, but
S Would you like to ... ?
once someone I was
6 Why do you ... ? one. (never meet I think)
B Make your questions indirect 4 When I was young, I ___ in
using the phrases below. a band, and recently I ___
Can I ask ... again. (play I start)
Could you tell me ... S I breakfast at home
Do you mind me asking ... this morning, and I also ___
any coffee yet today. (not eat I
I was wondering ...
not have)
I'd be interested to know ...
B Work in pairs and discuss. Are
C Work in pairs and take any of the sentences in Exercise
turns to ask and answer your 4A true for you?
questions.
MAKING A DIFFEREN CE p20 YOU'RE BEING WATCHED p23 GOOD POINT! p26 AQU IETREVOLUTION p28
 VOCABULARY �:
ISSUES 3 A Work in pairs and look at the
photos. How are they connected to
1A What are the major news stories in your country now? the problems in Exercise 18?
B � 2.1 Listen and match the news headlines to the topics below. B Read the article below and check
pollution disease unemployment hunger poverty street crime your ideas.
2A
•R4¥i•fi4i4MII
Match the beginnings 1-8 with the endings a)-h).
1 This is a purely domestic issue c
2 It's not about money. It's an ethical question,
3 It's a rural problem which involves people in the countryside, Big help can start out small scale.
4 The decision on the election date is a political question With simple acts of generosity, like
5 The country has serious economic problems, offering a morning's work in an elderly
neighbour's garden or buying a coffee
6 The typhoid epidemic started here in the city as an urban problem for a homeless person, individuals
7 It's a global issue and affects the whole world, are making a big difference. And the
8 These are typical industrial questions and affect most factories, creativity underlying some of these
acts of generosity is remarkable.
a) so taxes will double next year.
b) not people living in cities.
Making a good impression:
c) and has nothing to do with any other country. A dry cleaner's is offering its services free
d) not just one or two countries. of charge to unemployed people to help
e) but has spread to the countryside. them look their best for job interviews.
f) and depends on the government. Ken Thind, who owns Thind Cleaners in
Vancouver, got the idea from an article he
g) from food to car production. read on the internet. 'It was about a dry
h) a question of right or wrong. cleaner's in the States who put an advert in
their window: Need a job, we'll clean your
B � 2.2 WORD STRESS Match the syllable patterns to the suit for you for FREE,' explained Indian-born
adjectives in bold. Then listen and repeat. Ken, 'And I thought that was a great way to
1 Oo 2 Ooo 3 oOo 4 oOoo 5 ooOo give something back to the local community.
We've been doing this for three years now
C Work in pairs. Read the sentences in Exercise 2A again. Which and since we started, the company has
three nouns often follow the adjectives in bold? cleaned over a hundred outfits. I don't vet

-
people to see if they really are unemployed,
D Which adjectives relate to your news stories in Exercise lA? but it's a one-off deal. The money comes out
of my profits but to me it's worth it. I always
C> page 149 VOCABULARYBANK say to them, "Go out and get that job!" and a
lot of people do. That makes it a)) worthwhile.'
 4A Choose the correct option to complete the statements
then read the text again to check. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND
1 Ken Thind's business helps unemployed people by CONTINUOUS
offering ___.
a) jobs b) clothes c) services 5A Work in pairs and check what you know.
2 The thing that makes Ken happiest is when Underline the correct alternative. Then check
someone ___ in the article. In which sentence are both
a) says thank you b) gets a job c) offers to pay from forms possible?
their profits 1 We've done this/'ve been doing this for three
3 Ryan Sinclair ___ the charity. years now.
a) works full-time for b) set up c) is a volunteer for 2 Since we started, the company has cleaned/
4 The couple in Zambia was able to ___. has been cleaning over a hundred outfits.
a) learn to read and write b) send their children to 3 Twenty-six-year-old Ryan Sinclair has
school c) get a job in the market always loved/has always been loving bikes.
5 Sarah was inspired by the twelve-year-old kid because he 4 The bike has turned/has been turning their
needed ___ lives around.
a) a carer b) support c) help with his schoolwork 5 We've already raised/'ve been raising £4,000.
6 The author visited the dance marathon at 6 We've sung I've been singing since 5
o'clock and I'm exhausted!
a) 5 o'clock b) 12 o'clock c) the end of the event
B All the present perfect examples in
B Underline words/phrases in the text that match Exercise SA link the past to the present in
meanings 1-6. some way. Work in pairs and discuss how.
1 check someone's background information (paragraph 1)
C Work in pairs and complete the rules for
2 a special arrangement that you can do only once choosing between the present perfect simple
(paragraph 1) and the present perfect continuous. Give
3 gives for free (paragraph 2) examples from the sentences in Exercise SA.
4 astonishing (paragraph 2)
5 promise to give money (paragraph 3) 1 Use the present perfect ___ when
6 do something at the same speed as others (paragraph 3) we want to emphasise that an action is
C Work in pairs and discuss. Would you be willing to do repeated or has lasted for a long time
any of the activities in the article? Why/Why not? and continues up to now, e.g. ___
2 Use the present perfect ___ when
an action is shorter and completed
Re-cycling bicycles: Twenty�six-year-old Ryan Sinclair has before now. It has present relevance or
always loved bikes. 'I can't remember a time when I wasn't either a present effect, e.g. ___
on a bike or fixing one,' he says. 'And it was when I was cycling in 3 Use the present perfect ___ when
Holland that I heard about a charity which mends old bikes and we say how many times someone did
sends them off to people who are living in extreme poverty.' Ryan something or say how much they did,
now donates all his spare time at weekends to fixing bikes for the
charity. 'People often have old bikes in their garages and don't e.g. ___
realise what a huge difference a bike can make. I recently went out 4 Use the present perfect ___ OR
to Zambia to see where our bikes end up. It was an eye-opening the present perfect ___ with verbs
experience. In one family the man and woman had to walk for over such as work, live, wait, study, do with
an hour to get to their fields and the journey to market took the little or no difference in meaning,
whole day. The bike has turned their lives around. Their income has
trebled and the parents now have time to go to classes to learn to e.g. ___
read and write. I get an enormous sense of satisfaction from it and 5 Use the present perfect ___ with
I've made some lifelong friends.' state verbs such as know, have, be, love,
e.g. ___
Shall we sing ? That was the suggestion made by students at
one Oxford college to raise money for young carers in the local area.
They've organised a 24-hour singing marathon, where locals pledge 6 A � 2.3 WEAK FORMS: auxiliaries Listen
£5-10 for every hour a couple sings. Sarah Lupien and Tom Wang and write the sentences.
took a break from singing to explain. 'I met this kid, he was only
twelve years old and was the full-time carer for his mother who had B Underline the main stresses and mark any
multiple sclerosis,' Sarah said. 'He never got to play with other kids weak forms (/a/ or /I/) in the auxiliary verbs.
and he couldn't keep up with his schoolwork.' Tom joins in, 'So we Listen and check. Then listen again and
decided to raise money for a centre which gives children like this repeat.
time off, where they can meet each other and just have some fun.
We've already raised £4,000.' Sarah signals the end of their break How long have you been 't/Orking here?
as they head back to the stage . 'We've been singing since /a/ /I/
5 o'clock and I'm exhausted! Only twelve more hours to go!' And [> page 130 LANGUAGEBANK
their next project? 'A sponsored silence at a local school. No talking
for the kids all day. The teachers are looking forward to it!'
¥18
 ?A Read the text below about an organisation which �·X-t;.1:1!)!JWf_tLUS
helps people at a local level. Who is Kufuo? VERBS/NOUNS WITH THE SAME FORM
I've been working/I've worked with Fairtrade
10 A Complete the sentences with the correct form
1

organisations to help developing markets get fair

prices for goods since I finished university, and of one of the words in the box.
12___ over thirty countries in connection with I J*ej-e-Et record permit decrease appeal
my work. This year I 3___ in a village in one
of my favourite countries, Ghana. 1 The environmental group Ocean Proiect
I 4___ so many wonderful people here. One of has proiected that sea levels will rise one
my closest friends is Kufuo, who I 5___ since I metre in ...
started coming here. 2 Fortunately, malaria has ______ in
He 6___ cocoa all his life and 7___ Fairtrade recent years, and the is due
guidelines for producing cocoa for several years to the use of ...
now. Recently he 8___ more than thirty other 3 When a major charity for
farmers in the local area into our group and they donations to help the deaf, their ______
9___ the volume of cocoa exported. As a result,
was broadcast mainly ...
Fairtrade 10___ one of the most important
movements in this region. 4 Bonnie Tyler her song Total
Eclipse of the Heart in 1983, and in 2008 it set
a for ...
B Complete the text with the present perfect 5 Tourists in a well-known site were given
simple or continuous form of the verbs in the box. ______ to take photos, but they were
Where are both forms possible? not ______ to ...
weffi follow become visit meet live B � 2.4 Work in pairs and discuss. How do you
recruit know double grow think each sentence ends? Listen and check.
C Discuss. How does the organisation make a C Which words in Exercise lOA are nouns (N) and
difference at a local level? which are verbs (V)?
D Listen again and mark the stress on the words.
Which have the same stress in the noun and verb?
SPEAKING ��
8 A Work in groups and read about the Longitude 11 A Work in pairs. Student A: look at the quiz below.
Underline the stress in the words in bold. Student
Prize. Which issue do you think should win? B: turn to page 158.
The Longitude Prize 2014 was a £10 million prize fund
to help solve one of the greatest issues of our time.
People were invited to vote for one of the six challenges.
Which country imports more Japanese
FLIGHT - How can we fly ANTIBIOTICS - How can we used cars than any other? Canada,
without damaging the prevent the rise of resistance
Brazil or Russia?
environment? to antibiotics?
DEMENTIA - How can we help WATER - How can we ensure 2 In India, which colours are unlucky to wrap
people with dementia live everyone can have access to a birthday present in? Black and white,
independently for longer? safe water? red and green or purple and yellow?

PARALYSIS - How can we FOOD - How can we ensure 3 Which fruit do some plant experts suspect
restore movement to those everyone has nutritious, was the earth's first? The apple, the banana
with paralysis? sustainable food? or the pear?

4 Which is the largest subtropical desert?

B Vote on the top three ideas in your group. Which The Arabian, the Kalahari or the Sahara?
ones should get the most support?
5 Research shows what percentage of

9 A Work in pairs and choose two other issues/ homemade dinners in the USA include
vegetables? 43%, 63% or 93%?
questions to add to the list above.
B Work in groups and present your ideas. Listen to
other students' ideas and take notes. Then vote on B Work in pairs and take turns. Student A: read out
the top idea. your questions. Student B: guess the correct answer.

-
C Look on page 158 to find out which issue won C Check the answers on page 162.
the Longitude Prize. [> page 149 VOCABULARYBANK
Surveillance technology: Keeping us safe or an invasion of privacy?

VOCABULARY ).
SURVEILLANCE 2 A � 2.5 Listen to two people discussing types
1A Work in pairs. Look at the photo and discuss.
of surveillance technology and complete the table.
Put./ if they like it or)( if they don't like it.
1 How many of these surveillance techniques are
you aware of? B Work in pairs and listen again. Student A: make
2 How many are common where you live or where notes on the woman's opinion. Student B: make
you are now? notes on the man's opinion.
3 How does surveillance make you feel? Why?
technology woman man
B Match meanings 1-8 with the phrases in bold in 1 CCTV
the photo.
1 an official group, e.g. the government or the police
2 to watch or follow (two phrases) 2 facial
recognition
3 to keep data (on a computer) for future use
technology
4 getting information about someone's private life
in a way they don't like 3 microchips in
products
S to say/find out who someone is
6 stopping people from doing something illegal
4 number plate
(two phrases) recognition
7 to obtain information
8 a situation in which there is a lot of observation,
filming or recording of people C Work in pairs and complete both columns of

-
the table.
C Work in pairs and discuss. How might each
surveillance technique be used in a good or a bad D Which speaker do you agree with more? Which
way? How would you answer the question at the one gave more convincing arguments?
bottom of the photo.
 GRAMMAR .,;_ SA Read the text about microchips. How many different uses for
THE PASSIVE microchips are described?

3A Check what you know. Look at the Microchips are everywhere ...
sentences from the conversation and ... and their uses range from the ordinary to the more worrying.
underline the passive forms. For example, 'companies can place them/they can be placed in food
1 Not long ago a friend of mine was packaging. Then your fridge monitors your food so that 2they can
robbed at a bus stop. remind you/you can be reminded when it's time for 3you to buy
something/a product to be bought.
2 I think statistically more crimes are The medical world has suggested that •doctors could implant
solved because of CCTV than not. microchips/microchips could be implanted in newborn babies. Then
3 I don't want to be sent adverts from the person's movements and habits can be tracked throughout their
companies that I don't know. lives. 'Scientists could also implant/Microchips could also be
implanted in criminals so that police can "keep/be kept track of them,
4 But we're being sent stuff all the and possibly identify the whereabouts of known criminals at the time
time anyway. 'someone commits a crime/a crime is committed.
5 I've been given quite a few fines And if you're the kind of person who loses things easily, •you can
over the years. buy a set of clip-on microchips/a set of clip-on microchips can be
6 Money should be spent somewhere bought which •you can attach/can be attached to any object you want
to keep track of - for example your handbag. If the object gets lost,
else to be honest. ••you can use your phone/your phone can be used to find it.
B Underline the correct alternative
to complete the rules. Use the
sentences above to help. B Underline the best form, active or passive, so that it a) keeps
the focus on the main ideas and b) is correct.

!r- 1 Use the passive to put the

focus on the person or thing
C Work in pairs and discuss. Which ideas in Exercise SA do you
find disturbing and which don't bother you?
Cl doing the action/affected by the
action.
2 Use the passive when one or SPEAKING ).
more of these is true:
The person or thing that did 6 A Work in pairs. Read the article and answer the questions.
the action: 1 Which plans would be the most useful for cutting crime?
a) is/isn't obvious 2 Would you like to have these things in your local area?
b) is known/is unknown 3 How do you think the following groups of people would feel
c) is/isn't important about the plans: the police, parents, teenagers?
d) is/isn't the main focus
3 Use the passive to bring the
object of the verb to the beginning!
the end of the sentence.
POLICE TO INSTALL
4 Use the passive to make TOWN-WIDE
certain written texts (e.g. SURVEILLANCE
academic) more personal/
In response to the recent
impersonal or formal/informal. surge in crime, police have
announced plans to install the
4 � 2.6 SENTENCE STRESS: passives
following security systems:

Mark the stress in phrases 1-6. » CCTV cameras to cover

the whole town
Listen and check. Then listen again » police spot checks for
and repeat. identity cards
1 A friend of mine was robbed. » monitoring of phone calls
2 More crimes are solved. » monitoring of social
networking websites
3 I don't want to be sent adverts. » all teenagers' mobile phones to be registered on police GPS systems
4 We're being sent stuff alt the time. » number plate recognition cameras on all main roads
5 I've been given quite a few fines.
6 Money should be spent somewhere
else. B Work in pairs. You belong to one of the three groups in Exercise
6A, question 3. Make a list of your reasons for or against the plans.
C> page 130 LANGUAGEBANK

-
C Role-play a meeting with the three groups of people. Take turns
and discuss your opinions.
D Vote for one of the other two groups. Which one gave better
reasons for their opinion?
WRITING 1. 8A Find the formal phrases in the
A LETTER OF COMPLAINT; LEARN TO USE FORMAL letter that match the informal
WRITTEN LANGUAGE phrases below.
1 Get in touch soon to let me know
? A Work in pairs and discuss. In what circumstances would you that you've done something.
write a letter of complaint or make an official complaint? Have 2 To put things right, I want you to ...
you ever done this? What happened? 3 I'm writing about
B Read the letter and answer the questions. 4 With best wishes
1 Who is the letter to? 5 Thanks for dealing with this
problem quickly.
2 Why is the writer complaining?
6 I've already discussed the problem
3 What does she want to achieve?
B In the last four paragraphs of the
letter, circle the passive verbs and
underline the active ones. Why does

--­
the writer choose each?

speakout TIP
A letter of complaint should follow
LaGrande Travel Agency 'The Four Cs'. It should be: concise, clear,
1422 La Grande Avenue constructive and considerate. Reread
Hartwood, 03735 the letter. Does it follow the rules of
'The Four Cs'?
To Whom it May Concern:
I am writing with regard to the misuse of a personal photograph of
myself and two of my friends on your website. 9A Plan a letter of complaint.
The photograph in question is one I posted on my personal blog 1 Read the notes below and choose
several months ago, and it involves my friends and I celebrating one of the situations.
the end of the examination period at university. Several days ago, I 2 Decide what you want to achieve in
was shocked to discover that my photo had been used in an online the letter.
advertisement for your study abroad programme.This is both unfair 3 Make notes on the content of each
and illegal, as you have been using the photograph without my paragraph.
permission, and as you are advertising a product with it, you are in
fact using it for personal gain. Situation 1
I have taken up this matter with a lawyer, who has advised me Your neighbours I new burglar
to contact you in writing. She has also indicated what further alarm I alarm gone off three times
steps might be taken should you fail to respond promptly and I neighbours away I tried to talk to
appropriately. them I too busy
To resolve this matter, I request that you remove the photograph Write a letter of complaint to your
without delay. In addition, I ask that you issue a statement of your neighbours.
policy regarding use of images that are not your property.
Please contact me within one week of the date of this letter to Situation 2
confirm that these steps have been taken. If you need to reach me by Recently you parked car I thought it
telephone, my number is (0141) 985-001. was legal / returned I parking fine I
Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter. no-parking sign behind tree
Yours faithfully, Write a letter of complaint to your

�lv,u,Jf)�
local council.

Charlene Jones (Ms) B Write the letter (120-180 words).

C Check the grammar, spelling and
punctuation of your letter.
C Put the parts of a letter of complaint a)-f) into a possible D Exchange your letter with another
order. Then check your ideas with the order in the letter above. student. Check that he/she has:
a) explain what you have done so.far • followed 'The Four Cs'.
b) give a time frame for action and a way of contacting you • used paragraphs well.
c) state the overall reason for writing, in one sentence 1 • used a formal style.
d) write a polite closing comment
e) ask for specific action from the person/company you are writing to
f) give additional detail about the reason for writing
 SPEAKING ::
/ \
1 Work in pairs. Match the newspaper extracts 1-3 3f:,° o

with the pictures A-C. Then discuss the questions. 0

/0 \
10

Research done at a high school in Italy showed \

0
/0
that teenagers who played violent video games 10
were not only more aggressive than those who
didn't, but also cheated eight times more and ate
three times as much chocolate. s
1- /0
0

One study showed that nearly 100 percent of those

who get cosmetic surgery reported an increase in
self-esteem, and there was a 30 percent decrease
in the use of anti-depressants.
3 A Add the phrases in the box to the correct groups
in Exercise 2D.
This ·IS theft and thieves· can, be punished. fn·�o'_ij;f fn 't
American mari was fin.ed $1.5tnillion for dq:wrrfi!igiqiJ: Exactly! Personally, I think .. . I totally disagree.
and sharing films, and severaFpepple have lie�tt7finect::'11F- · I suppose so. Good point. Fair enough, but ...
large amounts for downloading and sharing mil�it:'" i�,;, •.. Basically, I think ... I'm not so sure. I do think ...
-�· ·:=:- :!: - [

B � 2.8 INTONATION FOR PARTIALLY AGREEING

1 Which extracts are for and which are against Listen to the phrases for partially agreeing and
the topics? copy the intonation.
2 Can you think of any other reasons for and against
each idea? [> page 130 LANGUAGEBANK
3 What is your opinion about each idea?
4 A Work in pairs and practise the conversations
using the prompts.
FUNCTION �·:· Conversation 1
OPINIONS A: I/favour I banning smoking I all public places.
B: Actually, I think I people I be free to choose.
2 A � 2.7 Listen to three conversations. Which A: Fair enough, but what about I rights I other
person agrees with the statements above, the man people?
or the woman? B: Personally, I think I freedom I choose I more
B Listen again and make notes. Write one reason important.
each person gives for their opinion. A: see I point I but passive smoking I can I very bad
/you.
C Work in pairs and compare your notes. Which B: I suppose I but banning I all places I too much!
reasons are the best?
Conversation 2
D Work in pairs and complete the phrases. A: What I think I banning cars I city centre?
Giving opinions Agreeing B: against./ Basically, I think I bad for business./
I'm really 1 ___ it. That 3--- sense. you?
I'm in 2 --- of ... I • ___ what you mean. A: not I sure./agree I certain extent I but I do think
I better I the environment.
B: Good point./ And I people could I public
Partially agreeing Disagreeing transport I more./makes sense.
I see your 5 ___, but ... Actually I 7 ___ ••• A: Exactly!
I agree to a 6 ___ I'm still not 8 ---
extent, but ... B Which person do you agree with in each
conversation? Close your book and discuss the two
topics with your partner. Use phrases for agreeing

-
and disagreeing.
E Check your answers in the audio script on
page 165.
 VOCABULARY ·:·_
OPINION ADJECTIVES
?A Read sentences 1-6 and match the adjectives in
bold with items a)-f) which are similar in meaning.
LEARN TO > Language.com 1 I find it deeply disturbing that children are forced
to work in factories.
SUPPORT YOUR VIEWPOINT
2 It's completely unethical for a company to profit by
5 Look at the phrases in bold in 1-6 below. Which paying workers less than a living wage.
phrases are used: 3 It seems reasonable to steal food if you're poor
and hungry. Otherwise you would die.
a) to give an example?
b) for facts which you have read, heard or believe 4 It is irresponsible when people leave newspapers
to be true? on the train. It's just rubbish that someone else has
to pick up.
1 According to one article I read, kids are less S University education has become too expensive - I
aggressive ... think it should be free for all. It's totally outrageous.
2 Apparently, the games give them a chance to use 6 Eating and drinking on public transport is illegal
up some of their energy. and people who get caught have to pay a fine.
3 As far as I know, musicians these days get very
little money ... a) having good reasons
4 For instance, what about that man in America? b) against the law
S Like Mike's friend - she actually had some c) morally wrong
Botox injections ... d) shocking and unacceptable
6 ... serious health problems. Such as maybe e) very worrying

--­
they're extremely overweight. f) not thinking about the results of your actions

6 A Cover Exercise S and put the underlined phrases speakout TIP

in the correct order.
When stating your opinion, it's important to use specific
A: 1 article to this according. teachers shouldn't give adjectives to get your exact point across. Vague adjectives
kids homework because kids learn better without it. like good, bad or nice are unlikely to be persuasive enough.
B: Yes, but homework is beneficial in a lot of ways,
2
for for content memorising instance.
B Work in pairs. Student A: rephrase a sentence in
A: It says here that homework robs kids of the time
Exercise 7A beginning It's terrible/bad/OK. Student B:
to do other important things, 3 spending such time
close your book and reply with one of the adjectives.
as with their families.
B: Well, 4is homework essential apparently for A: It's terrible that children have to work in factories.
developing discipline and time-management skills. 8: Yes, it's deeply disturbing.
A: Well, this article says the exact opposite.
B: You shouldn't believe everything you read 5that in
magazines like.
A: I suppose not. 6far I as know as, teachers are giving 8 A Work in pairs and choose three topics from
less homework these days, and I like that. Exercise 7A to discuss. Make notes on why you agree

-
or disagree with each statement.
B Work in pairs and discuss. Do you agree with any of
the points about giving homework in the conversation B Work in groups and discuss the statements. Give
in Exercise 6A? Give examples and reasons. reasons for your opinion.
DVD PREVIEW --�- DVD VIEW .i
1A Work in pairs and discuss. Are there traditional 3 A Watch the DVD. How many of your ideas from
gender roles in your country? What are they? Exercise 2 are mentioned?
B Look at the statements and tick the ones you B Watch the DVD again. Who mentions each reason
agree with. Then compare in pairs. for working part-time? Write 1 (Rob), 2 (Richard)
1 A husband and wife should have clearly defined or 3 (Bernard).
roles in terms of who does what. • to make money
2 I would say I have traditional values regarding • to get back lost energy
these roles. • to help his partner's career
3 I would prefer my partner to take care of the • to have more time for himself
children so that I can develop my career. • to avoid getting bored
4 If I were the opposite gender, I would still answer • to spend more time with his family
question 3 in the same way.
C Work in pairs and choose the correct alternative
2 Read the programme information and answer the to complete the phrases in bold from the DVD. Then
questions. watch again to check.
1 What is the 'quiet revolution' that is taking place? 1 With two young boys, he and his wife realised
2 What reasons can you think of for this change? something had to give/go.
List at least three ideas. 2 It seemed to make sense for me to take the lead/
load in moving down to working part-time ...
3 He has to make up/do with less money, but for
�BBC News: Rob, life's now on a more even keel/cool.
4 He could have retired two years ago and put his
A quiet revolution feet down/up. Instead he's choosing to stay busy.
Traditionally it has always been women who 5 It's never easy but these men are breaking the
do part-time jobs when a family needs one mould/roles.
parent at home, while the man's career has D Match the phrases in 1-5 above with
always come first. But more recently it's men, meanings a)-f).
not women, who are scaling down their work a) less troubled and more balanced
time and with over a million British men b) live on not so much
now working part-time, a quiet revolution is
c) end a restrictive practice
taking place. BBC reporter Emma Simpson
meets three of these men to find out more d) have a relaxed life
about this trend. e) have to change to remove the pressure
f) act first
E Work in pairs and discuss. Is your country seeing
similar trends to those described in the DVD clip?
Which reasons for men going part-time in Exercise
38 would be a 'revolution' in your country?

_,
 speakout a joint presentation writeback notes for a presentation
4 A Work in pairs and discuss. What are the pros and 6A Read the notes for the presentation. Which topic
cons of traditional gender roles? Look at the two below is it about? Which side of the argument
ideas below and add two more of your own. appears stronger to you?
pro: women have more time with children - closeness • Full salary for whichever parent stays at home
with mother is important with children
con: family depends primarily on man for financial • Gender-blind hiring - your name, gender and
support photo do not appear on job applications
B CE 2.9 Listen to two people giving a • Compulsory school uniforms, identical for boys
presentation about the pros and cons of traditional and girls

-CONS:
gender roles. Which of your ideas do they mention?
C Listen again and tick the key phrases you hear.

PHRASES
-PROS:
- best person chosen - i1+1practicaf, how to conduct
foriob interviews?
Our presentation is about ...
We'd like to talk to you about ... - prob(e1+1 with qender-specific
First, to make it clear what we mean by - 1+1ay chanqe how
society reqards positiovrs, e.q. castinq fe1+111fe
[traditional roles) ... role in fif1+1
1+1enlwo1+1en
What tends to happen is that ...
Generally speaking [the woman does the housework)
On the [positive/negative) side ...
That's bound to be [good/bad) for ...
Finally, and perhaps most importantly, ... B Look at the notes again. How does the writer
It also can be [risky/problematic], in that if [the make the notes as short as possible?
man can't work/the woman hates housework) ...
C Choose a new topic from Exercise SA or
6A and write notes for a presentation.
5 A Work in pairs and prepare a D Work in pairs. Read your
presentation on the pros and cons partner's notes and:
of one of the topics below. Make a list • say which argument appears
of three pros and three cons.
stronger.
• Women and men competing in the
• identify where they can make
same teams and leagues in sports. their notes shorter by using the
• Laws that say companies should techniques you noticed in
have 50 percent men and 50 percent Exercise 6B.
women as directors.
Husbands and wives sharing
household chores equally
(housework and home repairs).
B Practise your presentation together.
Agree on who will:
- introduce the presentation.
- give more information about your topic.
- state the pros.
- state the cons.
- make a summary statement.
C Make your presentation to
other students. Ask them to vote
on the stronger argument •

.-.:i...•.....
·i�s, (c LOOKBACK www.irLanguage.com

5A Put the words in the correct

1 A Add letters to complete the 3A Put.the jumbled letters
order to make passive questions.
1 an I by I bitten I been /ever I
adjectives. in order.
you I Have I animal?
1 Why is gang violence more 1 The best form of mcrie
of an ur___ problem than a niovpenter at home is to get z you I by I invited I a I like I
a big dog. It will act as a real to I celebrity I to I Would I
ru___ problem?
treednret to crime. dinner I be?
Z Do politicians focus more on
2 I would like to have facial 3 being I you I Do I enjoy I
do______ issues or gl____
recognition technology on photographed?
issues before an election?
3 Here's a typical eth___ _ my phone so I could etdfniiy 4 the I want I told I if I you I
question: You see a colleague people on the street. always I to I truth I Do I even
steal money from your boss. 3 If I could csscea the personal I it I hurts I be?
What do you do? data of my friends, I would. S die I remembered I What I for
4 The rich are less affected by Maybe it's an nonsiiva of I will I after I you I you I be?
inflation and unemployment cvarpiy, but so what? B Work in pairs and take turns.
than poorer people, but when 4 It wouldn't bother me if the Ask and answer the questions.
there are ec_____ _ uahisrtoeit were triminogon
problems, they spend less my phone calls.
than usual. Why is this? S Technology to epek arctk
S Which type of problems of things would be useful, 6 A Correct the mistakes in the
do you think affect you less: particularly for keys and phrases for agreeing/disagreeing.
pol______ or wallets. A: 1 l'm in favourite of banning
indu ? 6 I don't know where to people from eating food on
srtoe taoiirnmfon like my public transport.
B Work in pairs and discuss the
passwords. B: 2 1 real against it. What about
questions in Exercise lA.
B Work in pairs and discuss. long journeys? For instance,
Which statements in Exercise JA with kids?
do you agree with? Say why. A: 1 see and point, but I meant
3

on shorter journeys.
B: 4Actual, I think I think it'd be
2A Make questions with the impossible to check.
prompts. Use the most suitable 4A Change the sentences into A: 5l'm agree to a certain extent,
verb form: the present perfect the passive. but maybe the ticket collectors
simple or continuous, or the 1 I don't like people calling me or guards could check.
past simple. by my nickname. B: 6l'm still not convincing. Some
1 How long I you I learn I I don't like being called by my people would c:arry on anyway.
English? nickname. A: 7Hmm .. . I see when you mean.
2 Your English I improve I a lot Z My parents brought me up in a
recently. What I you I do? house full of pets. B Choose one of the topics
below and have a conversation.
3 How many teachers I you I 3 No one has ever robbed me.
Use the phrases in Exercise 6A
have? 4 I hate it when people give me to help you.
4 How far I you I travel I on clothes as a present.
public transport today? • banning homework
5 People often tell me I look like
S you I do I your homework for • making it more difficult to
my father.
today? get married, e.g. having a
6 I've always wanted people to
pre-marraige exam
6 How long I take I you I do it? admire me for my intelligence. • lowering the voting age
7 you I study I a lot this week? B Tick the sentences in Exercise A: Personally, I think towering the
8 you I ever I forget I to bring 4A which are true for you. Then voting age is a great idea!
anything to class? make the other sentences true B: Really? I'm not so sure.
8 Work in pairs and take turns. by adding or changing no more I think ...
Ask and answer the questions. than three words.
C Work in pairs and compare
your sentences.
 Performance of a lifetime?
Many years ago a crowd gathered outside the Paris Opera House to see a performance
by one of the most famous opera singers of the time. Tickets had sold out weeks
before, and opera fans had been looking forward to this epic moment ever since the
performance was announced. It was a gorgeous spring evening, and everyone was
wearing their finest clothes in celebration of the event.
In the moments before the curtain went up, the house lights dimmed slightly,
and a hush fell over the audience as they saw something every theatregoer dreads.
A man in a suit was slowly walking out onto the stage. It was the house manager,
and he announced to the audience that unfortunately, the famous singer had fallen
ill and that his understudy, an unknown opera singer, would be performing in his
place. A sense of disappointment pervaded the theatre. Some people got up and left.
Moments later, the curtain went up and the performance 1 began. Throughout
the nearly three-hour opera, the understudy, who 2had never appeared in a major
opera before, gave the performance of hi s life. At the end of each major scene, when
people usually applaud, there was literally no sound at all from the audience. Finally
at the end of the opera, as the understudy sang his final notes and the orchestra
played the last bars and stopped, there was only very faint applause. Suddenly, on one
of the upper balconies, a little boy stood up.

GRAMMAR ·.:.:.·
NARRATIVE TENSES
1 A Work in pairs. Look at the pictures
and the titles of the stories above. 3A Read the first paragraph of Performance of a lifetime? again and
What do you think the stories are underline examples of the past simple, the past perfect simple,
about? the past continuous and the past perfect continuous.
B Read the stories and check your B Underline the correct verb form in the rules. Use the first
ideas. Work in pairs and think of an paragraph of Performance of a lifetime? to help.
ending for each one.
C Turn to page 158 and read the 1 Use the past simple/past continuous for completed actions
two possible endings for each story. which give the main events in a story.
Which one do you prefer? 2 Use the past simple/past continuous for actions in progress
at a particular time or when another (shorter) action
2 A Work in pairs. Guess the meanings happened. Also use it to set the scene of a story.
of the words in bold in the stories in 3 Use the past perfect simple/past perfect continuous for
Exercise lB. completed actions that happened before the main events.
B Check your ideas. Match meanings 4 Use the past perfect simple/past perfect continuous for
1-8 with the words in bold in the longer actions that started before other events and often
stories. continued up to them.
1 did something better than ever
2 didn't give up C Work in pairs and look at the numbered verbs in both stories.
3 expected to arrive Discuss how each example fits one of the rules above.
4 fears
5 got darker
4 A WEAK FORMS: auxiliaries Work in pairs. Mark the stress on the
phrases in bold. Circle any weak forms (la/ or /I/).
6 shaking, usually from cold
1 The womanQbeen standing there for a long time and was
7 spread through shivering badly.
8 in a way that can be seen 2 When she was paying for her meal, the old lady remembered
C Work in pairs and discuss. Which what Steve Hunt had said.
versions of the stories have a point or
moral? Which story is more effective? B � 3.1 Listen and check. Then listen and say the sentences at
the same time as the audio.
[> page 132 LANGUAGEBANK
It pays to be honest
..........................................................................................................................................................
One day a man 3was driving down a small country road in Tennessee on
a cold winter evening when he saw an e1derly woman standing by her
car, apparently in some kind of trouble, so he stopped. The woman 4had
been standing there for a long time and 5was shivering badly. She looked
anxious as he got out of his car, so he introduced himself. Tm Steve Hunt.
You look like you need some help.' The woman had a flat tyre so Steve sat
her in his car to stay warm while he changed it.
After 6he'd finished the job, the old lady tried to give him money but
Steve refused. She persisted, so Steve said, 'Listen, the next time you see
someone in need, do something to help them. That's the best way to pay
me back.'
They said goodbye, and the woman 7drove into the next town and
stopped at a busy diner. There was only one waitress and she was
moving a bit awkwardly because she was visibly very pregnant. 'When's
it due, honey?' the old lady asked. 'Any day now,' answered the waitress.
'You don't look too happy.' 'To be honest, I don't know how we're going to
manage on just my husband's pay.'
When she 8was paying for her meal, the old lady 9remembered what
Steve Hunt 10had said and left five one-hundred dollar bills on the table,
then left quickly. The waitress was astonished and grateful. She went
home and found her husband watching TV.

5A Complete the story below with the VOCABULARY 0

correct form of the verbs in brackets. SAYINGS

Once there was a king who received a gift of 6 A Work in pairs and read the sayings. What do you think they mean?
two magnificent falcons. He 1 ______ 1 Every cloud has a silver lining.
(never see) such beautiful birds before. 2 What goes around comes around.
He gave them to a man who 2______ 3 Once bitten, twice shy.
(train) falcons for him for many years. 4 Nothing ventured, nothing gained.
A month later, the king 3______ 5 When in Rome do as the Romans do.
(sit) on his balcony when he 4______ B Match the sayings 1-5 to their meanings a-e. Which one could
(notice) one of the falcons in the sky, but he
5
go well with one of the stories in Exercise lB?
(not see) the other one.
Deeply disappointed, he discovered that a) Follow the local customs wherever you go.
the falcon 6 (sit) on the same b) Get hurt once, never try again.
branch since its arrival. c) A bad situation always has something good in it.
The king 7 (call) healers and d) Take risks or you'll never achieve anything.
magicians from all over the land to find out e) If you do something good/bad, the same will happen to you.
what the problem was, but no one could make C Complete the conversations with one of the sayings in Exercise 6A.
the bird fly. After he 8 (try)
1 A: Did you eat snake in China?
everything, eventually the king 9_____
(realise) that he needed someone who B: Yes, you know what they say: _____
understood the countryside, so he called 2 A: You should buy your new phone online.
for a farmer. B: No, last time I shopped online my card details were stolen.
The very next morning, the king was
thrilled to see that the second falcon 3 A: Since my accident, Pam's been so helpful.
10
(fly) high in the sky alongside B: You were always there for her. ______
the first. He called the farmer and asked, 4 A: Shall I enter the talent show?
'How did you make the falcon fly?' The farmer B: Oh, go on! After all, _____
answered, 'It was very easy, Your Majesty. 5 A: Joe was fired but now he's found an even better job!

---
I simply 11 (cut) the branch B: Really? Well, _____
where the bird 12 (sit).'
spealcout TIP

-
People often use the beginning of a saying and expect the listener to
B Work in pairs. What is the moral understand the full idea, e.g. You know what they say, 'When in Rome ... '
of this story? How could you apply the Look at B's sentences in Exercise 6C. Which part could you leave out?
moral in your life?
 SPEAKING ·. 9 A Work in pairs and circle eight adverbs ending in -ly in the story.
? A Choose an experience in your life 8 Match meanings 1-7 with the adverbs.
that illustrates one of the sayings in 1 not a very clever way to do something stupidly
Exercise 6A. 2 normally and as expected
8 Prepare to tell your story. Write 3 unluckily
down eight to ten key words to help 4 might be true but not completely certain
you. Think about the verb forms you 5 in a clumsy and uncoordinated way
want to use. 6 after a long time (two adverbs)
C Work in groups and take turns. 7 showing good manners
One student: tell your story. The C Write the adverbs in the correct category in the table.
other students: guess the saying it
illustrates. adverbs of manner (describing stupidly
how an action happened)
attitude markers (expressing the
writer's attitude to something in
the story)
A STORY time markers (referring to time)
8A Read the story below. Did the �
ending surprise you? Why/Why not? speakout TIP
8 Read the story again and answer To make a story more interesting, use a range of different adverbs. When
the questions. you write the story in Exercise lOA, try to include at least two of each
1 How does the writer link the type of adverb.
introduction (under the title) and
end of the story? 10 A Choose one of the following tasks and write a story
2 Which paragraph sets the scene? (120-200 words) for a magazine. Use a saying as a title.
Which verb forms are used to do • an experience that illustrates a saying
this? • an experience that disproves a saying
3 Which paragraphs develop the • your story from Exercise 7A
story? Which verb forms are used to
do this? B Check your story for accuracy of verb forms and spelling and
4 Where does the writer include his for use of adverbs of manner, attitude and time.
feelings? C Read other students' stories. Which is the most interesting?
5 Where does he describe what he
learnt from the incident? [> page 150 VOCABULARYBANK

Nothing ventured ...

I used to love the saying 'Nothing ventured, nothing gained,'
but now I'm not so keen.
I started work as a computer programmer just after university, but it had always been
my ambition to be a stand-up comedian. I'd been thinking about it for some time and
my friends were always telling me I was funny, but I was nervous about the idea of
going on stage.
Anyway, stupidly, I listened to my friends. I worked on some material and put
together a twenty-minute show. I practised it for my friend, which wasn't easy since
naturally it was difficult for her to laugh at the same joke twenty-five tirnes.
Finally, after I'd waited a couple of months, I was given time at a local comedy club.
It was late at night when I went on, and the audience had already been sitting there for
three hours. My friends were there - they'd reserved seats in the front row.
I started, and on the first Joke I tripped over my words awkwardly. Apparently, the
surest way to kill a Joke is to hesitate. But I pushed on, and realised that my mouth was
so dry I couldn't speak. Unfortunately, a couple of people in the audience started to
giggle, but I knew they were laughing at me. not my jokes. My friends smiled politely.
Well, �enty minutes isn't such a long time, and eventually I finished. As I collapsed
into a chair backstage. in my mind I rewrote my favourite saying to: 'Nothing ventured,
nothing lost.' And I ventured notlifng after that for a very long time.
 A life in six words
In the 1920s, the American author Ernest
Hemingway bet ten dollars that he could
write a complete story in just six words.
. He wrote: 'For Sale: baby shoes, never worn.'
He won the bet.
An American online magazine has used the
Hemingway story to inspire its readers to write
their life story in just six words, and they've been
overwhelmed by the thousands who took up the
challenge. They have published the best in a book,
which they have given the title of one of the submissions:
Not Quite What I Was Planning. The online magazine
VOCABULARY 't editor, Larry Smith, appeared on Today, BBC Radio 4's
ADJECTIVES FOR STORIES early morning current affairs programme.
Today then invited its listeners to send their own
1 A Work in pairs and discuss. Which sentences six-word life stories to the BBC website.
probably come from a conversation and which from
a written text?
1 I've never seen such a dramatic change! Her hair
went white overnight!
2 A collection of jokes and hilarious anecdotes. LISTENING 2·
Guaranteed to make you laugh.
3 She told us some really moving stories about her 2 A Work in pairs. Read the text above and discuss
life during the war. the questions.
4 It was incredible - the car hit her, but she was OK. 1 What do you think Hemingway's story is about?
5 This teacher was so inspiring that he changed 2 Who is Larry Smith and why is he on Today?
each of his students' lives. 3 Where does the title of the book come from?
6 A poignant tale of heartbreak and loss. Don't
B � 3.2 Work in pairs. Predict the correct
miss it!
alternative in sentences 1-5. Then listen to the
7 She was just too intense for me. I never felt I interview with Larry Smith and check your answers.
could relax.
1 Larry expected/didn't expect a large number of
8 This woman's remarkable story of success at the entries.
age of eighty-five will amaze you.
2 People were very intense about the challenge/didn't
B Underline the adjective in each sentence in take the challenge seriously.
Exercise lA. Then match the adjectives with the 3 People wrote about their own life/someone
meanings below. else's life.
1 not believable 4 Many stories had a sense of excitement and drama/
2 making you want to achieve things regret and disappointment.
3 very amusing 5 A lot of people had had a satisfying/tough life.
4 sudden and extraordinary C Listen again and complete the six-word stories.
5 impressive, e.g . ... achievement
1 Not quite what I was planning
6 making you feel sadness (two adjectives)
2 Wasn't born _____________
7 concentrated/strong, e.g .... heat
3 Found ____________�
C Work in pairs. Choose three of the adjectives and 4 Never _____________
outline a news or film story that fits each.
D Work in pairs and discuss.
Poignant: a {,Im about two teenagers in love but they
1 Which adjectives in Exercise lA could be used to
know one of them is going to move to the other side
of the world.
describe the stories in Exercise ZC? Why?
2 Which story sounds most interesting? What do
D Read out your descriptions to other students. you think happened in this person's life?
They guess the adjectives.
 GRAMMAR . :�- 4A For each pair of sentences, complete the second
I WISH, IF ONLY sentence so that it means the same as the first.
1 I'd really like to have a new laptop.
3 A Work in pairs. Look at these six-word stories. I wish I had a new laptop .
What does each person want to change about 2 I regret growing up in a small family.
their life? I wish ________
1 Wrong era, wrong class, wrong gender. 3 I'm not very sociable.
2 Really should have been a lawyer. If only ________
3 Born London, lived elsewhere, died inside. 4 I've got a friend who speaks too quietly.
4 Any chance I could start again? It's very annoying.
S Worry about tomorrow, rarely enjoy today! I wish ________
6 Married, TV, computer, never any flowers. S I can't get to sleep before about Za.m.
B Match sentences a)-f) with stories 1-6 above. If only ________
a) I wish I could do it all again. 6 I often lose my temper with people.
b) I wish I weren't so anxious. I wish --------
c) I wish I'd stayed where I was happy. 7 I'm sorry I don't have my camera with me.
d) I wish he'd pay more attention to me. I wish --------
e) If only I hadn't become a doctor. 8 I can't cook very well.
f) If only I'd been born twenty years later. I wish --------
9 I'm frustrated because it's raining.
C Match sentences a)-f) with the rules below.
I wish ________
10 I regret not spending more time with my
1 Use wish/if only+ past simple or wish/if only grandfather.
+ could when you would like something to If only ________
change, but it's impossible or not likely.
---'--- B Tick the sentences in Exercise 4A which are true
2 Use wish/if only+ past perfect to talk about for you. Change the others so that they are true.
regrets about the past. ___,--� I wish I had a new� car.
3 Use wish/if only+ would to talk about things C Work in pairs and choose three sentences you
you want to happen or stop happening changed. Student A: say your sentences from
because they annoy you. ___ Exercise 48. Student 8: ask follow-up questions.
A: I wish I could cook better.
D � 3 .3 SENTENCE STRESS Listen to the B: Do you? Why's that?
sentences from Exercise 38 and underline the
stressed words. Then listen and repeat.
SPEAKING ::
[> page 132 LANGUAGEBANK
5A Work in pairs and look at these 'short' stories.
Which do you think is the most powerful?

Love climbing those hills

Too much love

Blankets, books, bottles, books, blankets

Found it. Lost it. Found it.

Coughin', coffin

B How have the writers above shortened their

stories? What kinds of words have they left out or
included?
C Write your own six-word story about an aspect of
your life, the life of someone famous or someone

-
you know.
D Work with other students. Ask and answer
questions about the stories.
Wl•W :ll)t.1;\*IPLUS Maya Angelou
Celebrated black African-American
MULTI-WORD VERBS writer and actress Maya Angelou
6A Underline the multi-word verbs in
was born in St Louis. Missouri
(USA). in 1928 and grew up in
stories 1-4 below. Then match each St Louis and in Stamp, Arkansas.
verb with meanings a)-f). She was brought up first by her
1 Alas, Mr Right never turned up. grandmother and then her mother.
2 Gave up chocolate, took up running. As a child she suffered violence
3 Loved Sonia. Settled down with Elena. and racism and at one point even
decided to stop speaking for
4 Set up company. Money ran out.
five years.
a) start (a hobby or habit) Because of her love for the arts,
b) be completely used up she won a scholarship to study
c) arrive drama in ·San Francisco.
d) start (a business) but at fourteen she dropped out
and was the first African-American
e) start living a quiet life, e.g. get woman to become a cable car
married and have children conductor. After going back and
f) stop (a hobby or habit) finishing high school. she gave birth
B Work in pairs. Look at the extracts to a son, then took on a number of
from a dictionary. Which verb: different jobs, mainly as a waitress and a cook. to support her family.
Her great passion, however, was the arts. She studied modem art
1 can sometimes be used without an
and In the 1950s performed regularly In stages around San Francisco,
object? performing entertaning shows, as well as touring around Europe.
2 must be used with an object? In the 1950s she travelled extensively. living abroad In Cairo and
3 can be separated with an object? Ghana, and picked up several languages along the way. In the 1960s.
4 can be followed by a preposition? after she'd become increasingly active politically. she was devastated
when two of her heroes and associates. Malcolm X and Martin Luther
King. were assassinated. It was then that she published her first memoir.
set up phr v 1 to start a company or
organisation [=establish]: set sth <+ up: I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.
She left the company to set up her own She went on to write seven other memoirs as well as poetry. drama
business. and even cookbooks. As the years went by. Maya remained active as an
inspiring lecturer and she received many awards and recognition from
run out phr v 1 a) to use all of something, world leaders. Millions of women looked up to her as a role model.
so that there is none left +of We've run
out of sugar. I I'm running out of ideas. b) If
To many people, her name stands for great courage and a huge appetite
something is running out. there wilt soon for life and expression.
be none left: We'll have to make a decision
soon - time is running out.
Maya Angelou passed away on May 28th, 2014.
From Longman Active Study Dictionary.
IFFFFFFFFFFFIFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFIIFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFIFFFFFFFFFFF
.::::::,.
speakout Tl P
C Read the article again and match meanings 1-10 with the
A dictionary gives useful information multi-word verbs in bold. Write the multi-word verbs in the
about multi-word verbs, including: the infinitive.
meaning, an example, whether the verb
1 spend your childhood grow up 6 pass (about time)
takes an object, whether the verb and its
particle can be separated. How are these 2 learn by experience not study 7 agree to do some work
features shown in the extracts above? How 3 respect 8 represent
does your dictionary show them? 4 die 9 stop doing (a course)
s continue to do something 10 be raised
?A Look at the photo in the article
on the right. What do you think this
woman's life has been like?
SPEAKING .f
B Read the text and answer the 8A Work in pairs and write notes about your life story, the life
questions. story of someone you know or of a famous person. Use at least
1 Did she have an easy life? five of the multi-word verbs from Exercise 6A or 7C.
2 What jobs did she have in her life? B Work with other students and use your notes to tell them
3 What were her major interests? about the life story. If the person is famous, do not say their

-
4 Why is she a role model? name. Other students: guess who it is. If the person is not famous,
other students listen and ask two follow-up questions each.
[> page 150 VOCABULARYBANK
 VOCABULARY -/
READING GENRES EXPRESSING LIKES AND DISLIKES

1 A Work in pairs. Look at the words in the box and answer the 3 A Work in pairs. What do you know
questions. Use a dictionary if necessary. about the four books in the photo?
novel blog lyrics tweet gossip magazine biography B � 3.4 Listen to the conversation
social media update manga autobiography poetry manual and complete the second column of the
Wikipedia website forum online article blockbuster table. Write ./ (they liked it), X (they
didn't like it) or - (they haven't read it).
Which things: Which book does Amy decide to take?
1 can only be read on a screen?
1 The Hunger Games
2 often include rhymes?
3 are about real people's lives? Amy
4 aim to give factual information? Beth
5 usually have pictures, photos or diagrams?
2 The Kite Runner
6 are fictional stories?
Amy
B Work in pairs. Student A: tell Student B the kinds of things
you read the most, and which you like reading, and give Carl
examples. Student B: ask questions. 3 Life of Pi
A: I enjoy gossip magazines. My favourite is ';Ho/a!' Amy
B: Why do you like it?
A: It's a really easy read a�er a long day . . . Beth

2 Work with other students and discuss the questions. Carl

1 What type of book would you take on a long flight?
C Listen again and make notes about
2 Which book might you say you have read in order to impress their feelings about each book.
someone?

-
3 What books would you recommend for someone who enjoys D Discuss. Which of these books would
biographies or other factual books? you choose to read? Why?
4 Do you know a film that is better than the book it is based on?
 5 A Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Make
sure the meaning is the same.
1 I liked the characters in Atonement (What I liked)
What I liked about Atonement were the characters.
2 Reading on my tablet hurts my eyes. (I I stand)

3 Detective stories bore me. (I I that much)

4 Blockbusters such as the Bourne series really don't appeal to

me. (I I into) __________________
5 I like the way Twelve Years a Slave teaches you about history.
(thing I is) __________________
6 The best thing about Agatha Christie books are the plots.
(What I like) ________________
7 I enjoy anything by Stieg Larsson. (I I big fan)

B Think of one type of reading that you really like and one
that you don't like. Write two sentences about each, using
phrases from Exercise SA.
C Work with other students. Find one type of reading you all
like and one that none of you like.
C> page 132 LANGUAGEBANK

LEARN TO :l
SUMMARISE A PLOT

4A Put the words in the correct order to 6A Read the summary of Gone Girl. Would you like to read
make sentences. Then check in audio the book?
script 3.4 on page 166.
On the morning of his fifth wedding anniversary, Nick Dunne
1 of sci-ti I big fan I novels anyway I I'm a 1
home and 2 that his wife Amy
2 really liked I What I I main character I _____. During the next few days the police and
was the I about it media 4 Nick's life. Unfortunately for him,
3 I don't I that much I sci-ti I to be they 5 that Nick is the number one suspect
honest I really like for Amy's murder. Through her diary entries we find out
4 whole story I about it I builds the I I that Amy 6 happy in the marriage. However,
love I The thing I is the I way it as the story 7 , we
8
to change our
opinions of Nick and Amy as more information 9_____
5 into it I couldn't get I I just
about the true state of their relationship.
6 that sort I stand books I I can't I at
you I of preach
B � 3.6 Listen and complete the summary of Gone Girl.
B Work in pairs and answer the
questions. C Work in pairs and answer the questions.
1 Which phrases mean I don't/didn't like? 1 Which verb forms are used in the summary?
2 Look at sentence 2. How is it different 2 Why do you think these verb forms are used?
in form from I really liked the main 3 Do you use the same verb forms when you summarise the
character? Which word/idea is plot of a book or film in your language?
emphasised?
3 Look at sentence 4. How is it different
in form from I love the way it builds SPEAKING .i
the whole story? Which word/idea is
emphasised? '? A Choose a book or a film adapted from a book. Make notes
4 How could you change each sentence about: the main events in the story, why you like it, why the
to the opposite meaning? other students should read or watch it.
C � 3.5 SENTENCE STRESS Underline B Work in groups. Persuade the other students to read

-
the main stresses in sentences 1-6 in your book.
Exercise 4A. Listen and check. Then Has anyone read 'Cien Anos de Soledad' by Gabriel Gorda Marquez?
listen and repeat. I think it's called 'A Hundred Years of Solitude' in English. It's about ...
DVD PREVIEW -t DVD VIEW ::
1 Read the programme information and answer the 2 A Watch the DVD. How did each woman feel when
questions. she was crossing the water? Tick two adjectives for
1 Where is the story set? each person.
2 What two things do the female characters have in 1 1st woman (Marian): eager I anxious I pleased
common? 2 2nd woman (Retty): nervous I thrilled I awkward
3 How do you think they react when Angel arrives? 3 3rd woman (Izzy): excited I disappointed I pleased
4 4th woman (Tess): anxious I happy I amused

•
4 How do you think he 'saves' them?
5 Do you think the story has a happy ending?
B Watch again. Who says each sentence? What do
they mean by it?
1 There's nothing in it Retty.
�Tess of the 2 A nice easy one this time.
D "' Urbervilles 3 You wouldn't mind, would you, if I tried?
4 I've undergone three-quarters of the labour
This film ofThomas Hardy's 19th-century novel just for this moment.
tells the tragic story ofTess,'the daughter of 5 That's not what I meant at a IL
uneducated peasants in rural Wessex, the
semi-fictional setting for many of Hardy's C Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
novels. In this episode, Tess and three other 1 Why do you think this type of costume drama
dairymaids* are all in love with Angel Clare, the is popular?
son of a local clergyman. On their way to church 2 Is it a kind of drama you like to watch?
one Sunday, the four dairymaids find their way Why/Why not?
blocked by a flood, but fortunately Angel arrives
to save them.
*dairymaid- traditional female farm worker involved with
the production of milk
speakout a favourite scene writeback a description of a scene
3 A � 3.7 Listen to a description of a favourite 4A Read the magazine article. What type of film
scene in a TV programme called Fawlty Towers, and is it? Have you seen it? Can you complete the
answer the questions. missing words?
1 One of the characters is Basil Fawlty, who runs a
hotel. Who is the other one? My favourite film moment
2 What happens? My favourite scene is the one in ____ ./. It doesn't
B Listen again and tick the key phrases you hear. happen until a long way into the film. You have been
getting glimpses of the monster for a long time so the
PHRASES tension has been building up for over an hour. You've
mainly seen shots of people trying to get away and heard
I've seen this (X) times and I never get tired of it. the disturbing music several times. It's very cleverly done
It's my absolute favourite. with a very slow build-up and lots of tension.
The thing I like best about it is ... So there are now three of them on a boat, the police chief,
a biologist and a World War II veteran and it's all very
It always [makes me laugh/cry/sends shivers up
quiet and one of them is just throwing meat into the water.
my spine). There's no music, just the sound of the water and the
It's like a lesson in [comic acting/timing/directing). people talking. Then the _ _ ,,1 suddenly appears when
My favourite scene is [the one where/the scene you least expect it. And Roy Scheider is so cool. He goes
with ... ) quiet for a minute, then he walks back into the cabin and
says, 'You're gonna need a bigger boat.' He doesn't even
It's very cleverly done.
drop his cigarette. It's a lesson in perfect timing and it
If you've never seen it, you really should. always sends shivers up my spine. If you've never seen it,
you really should.
C Think of a favourite scene in a TV programme or
film. Write notes on:
• the point in which it appears in the programme/ B Write a description of a favourite TV/film scene
film (what has happened to set the scene?). for a magazine. Use phrases from the description
• the moment itself (what happens exactly?). above and the key phrases in Exercise 38 to
help your writing. Don't include the name of the
• why you like it. programme/film.
D Work in pairs. Tell your partner about your
C Read other students' descriptions and write
favourite TV/film scene.
the type of programme/film and, if you know it,
the name.
(f LOOKBACK
0 ADJECTIVES FOR B Write your own wish list.
STORIES ·,. Write two sentences about
1 A Complete the first part of the regrets, two about present
story with the verbs in brackets 3 A Complete the adjectives in wishes and two about things
in a correct narrative tense. the stories. that annoy you. After each one
write I wish ... or If only ... .
He 1 (be) an old man STORYTELLER PODCASTS
who kept himself to himself, and C Work in pairs and take
.........,........................... ....................,,............... .
he 2 (live) in the same This week's recommendations .· turns. Student A: read out one
house all of his life. The house of the sentences on your list.
____ (fall) apart and he 1 A young person who starts up Student B: try and complete the
____ (not paint) it for her own business and succeeds
despite dr ___ changes of sentence.
years, so it 5 (look)
fortune. This is an int___ story A: I didn't study English when I
as if it would collapse at any was younger. I wish ...
about a re___ woman. It makes
moment. We 6 (walk) you think anything is possible if you B: You wish you'd studied English?
past his house every day, and want it enough.
he 7 (always work)
in his garden and he 8____ 2 A hi ___ description of a trip
(always say) hello. One day, I across India. full of laugh-out-loud
(come) home alone. situations; Jerry manages to lose
5 A Complete the phrases with
9

I 10 (never walk) home his passport five times and meets

alone before. I 11 up with a series of inc___ words from the box.
fellow-travellers whose stories
__
(look) up and 12_____
get that stand what fan
(see) the man at his window.
_
you just can't believe!
..................................................................... thing
He 13 (watch) me, 3 A depressing picture of the
and I felt as if he 14 difficulties facing a poor family in 1 _ __ I really like about it
I (watch) for a long time. Then 1930s America. The story of their is ...
(come) out of search for work is poi___ and 2 I don't like X much.
I �;_ � use ...
1

� very mo___, but their strength

3 The I love about it is ...
--:::

is truly ins___.
B Work in pairs and write an 4 I just can't _ __ into ...
ending to the story. S I'm a big ___ of ...
B Work in pairs and discuss. 6 I can't
Which story would you most/
least like to listen to? B Work in groups. Make a list
of 8-10 books, films and bands
2 A Work in pairs. Look at the that you all know.
prompts. What are the sayings? 0 I WISH, IF ONL�
C Take turns. Student A: say
1 ventured - gained 4A Look at the list and complete how you feel about one of the
2 Rome - Romans the sentences. things on the list using the
3 bitten - shy expressions in Exercise SA,
4 goes - comes but don't say the name. Other
S cloud - silver My wish list students: guess what Student A
B Choose three sayings and is talking about.
I clicln't tn:1\vel very Mvch
paraphrase them. Don't use
any of the words in the original
when I WC1'.S yovn�er.
I wish ...
6 A Work in pairs. Take turns to
say the past form of each phrase
saying. 2 My friencls clon't reC1'.lly listen from Exercise SA.
5 In all bad experiences there's to Me, C1'.ncl it 's C1'.nnoyin�.
I wish ... A: What I really liked about ...
something good.
C Work in pairs and take } My pC1'.rtner cloesn't like the B Choose a TV programme that
SC1'.Me l<.incls of MvSiC C1'.S Me. you watched when you were
turns. Student A: read your I wish ... younger. Make notes about what
paraphrased saying. Student B:
Y I clicln'tfinish vniversity. you liked and disliked using the
guess the 'real' saying.
If only . .. phrases in Exercise SA.
5 My flC1'.tMC1'.te never thC1'.nl<.s
C Work in pairs and take turns.
Me for C1'.nythin�. It reC1'.lly
MC1'.i<.es Me cross.
Tell each other about your
I wish she .. . programmes.
� It 's iMpossible for Me to When I was about ten, I was really
C1'.fforcl C1'. new CC1'.r. into cartoons and I was a big fan of
If only .. . a cartoon from the USA called ...
OUT OF TIME p44 GREAT GETAWAYS p47 HOW DOES IT WORK? pSO THE HAPPINESS FORMULA p52
 VOCABULARY :: More free time than ever?
FREE TIME I don't think so!
Do you have more or less free time than you used to? In
1 Work in pairs and discuss. Do you have enough free our survey, an overwhelming majority (96%) said they
time? What do you do with it? have far less than they used to. And they were shocked
to discover that according to recent research, we
2 A Work in pairs and check what you know. What's actually have far more than we had a decade ago.
the literal (or basic) meaning of the words in the So where does the time go?
box? Which can be used with a drink, a phone, an old One would be quick and perhaps right to blame the
clock or someone's face? internet. Eight out of ten adults say they now go online
in any location, not just at home or at work.
I wind up switch off focus on recharge chill But contrary to current opinion, television still
rules. Looking at adults of all ages, over 90% reported
B Complete the sentences with the correct form of watching TV as their main free-time activity. Spending
one of the verbs in the box above. time with friends and family came in a close second
1 My phone's dead. I need to ___ it. (87%), followed by listening to music (79%). Spending
time on the internet ranked 4th in the 16-44 age range,
2 I need to ______ my ancient watch. but much lower among the 45-plus group. Shopping
3 Please ______ the air conditioning; it's not seems to have greater appeal for pensioners - it's their
that hot. third-favourite way to spend free time.
4 ___ the lemonade before you serve it - it Perhaps it is most revealing then to look at
tastes better cold. what people actually enjoy. "<>s.;����J
5 If you ___ your camera ___ that tree over Unsurprisingly, spending
time with family and
there, you'll get a better picture.
friends ranked
C Work in pairs. All the verbs above have another near the top,
informal or idiomatic meaning. Which verbs do you and doing
think mean: household
chores near
1 relax completely? out the bottom.
2 think about, listen or watch something or But what was .
4

someone carefully? ______ most surprising is th,it"

3 get your energy back ___ ___ watching television-·
activity we seem to 4�0
4 say or do something to annoy someone? most of our leisure tim1ft
ranks very low in terms of"p
5 stop listening or thinking? _____
D Complete the sentences with the correct form
of one of the verbs in Exercise 2C.
1 I completely when people talk READING :·
about work at parties. It's so boring!
2 It really me ______ 3 A Look at the headline of the article above and tick
when a friend checks his email when we're out the topics you think will be in the article.
together. shopping working hours the internet
3 A summer holiday is a time to _______ exercise housework sleep television
so you have all your energy when you go back to
B Read the article and circle the topics in Exercise
school or work.
3A that it mentions. Were your predictions correct?
4 By Saturday I need some downtime, so I stay
home and - you know, relax, C Which of the following statements can be
do nothing. supported by the article?
5 I find the easiest way to unwind in the evenings Most people ...
is to something different like 1 have less free time than they used to.
cooking. 2 use the internet wherever they are.
E Work in pairs. Which sentences in Exercise 20 3 prefer watching TV to listening to music.
do you agree with/are true for you? 4 over 65 spend less.time on the internet than
youn
. ger adults·.

-
5: h_ ave a negative attitude towards their job.
6 · enjoy the internet more than watching TV.

---------------------------------------- - --- - --- - ---

-
4A Read the opening sentences from two experts 6 A Complete the readers' comments about the
responding to the article. Work in pairs and list two article on page 44. Use present and past habits.
things you think each expert will say. Write ONE word in each gap.

THE EXPERTS HAVE THEIR SAY: IIJ,, I remember 1995, and it does seem like I had more
free time then. I 1 to meet friends a few
Sandra McCullough, psychologist and parent times a week. Now we 2 get together
'What's chanqed isn't the amount of free once a month max.
time, it's people's ability to do nothinq.' Denise, canberra

Gerald van Halen, sociologist and parent IIJ,, Everybody is 3 blaming technology and work.
So quit your job and turn off your mobile! And stop whining.
'Nothinq has chanqed except what we Remember, it didn't 4 to be like this.
mean by "free-time activities".· Tatiana, Poznan

IIJ,, I can identify with this article.In my twenties I

s
B Student A: turn to page 159. Student B: turn commute three hours a day to and
to page 160. from work and I 6 worked on the train.
I never seemed to switch off.
Craig, Edinburgh
C Students A and B: work in pairs and discuss.
1 What were your expert's main points? IIJ,, Young people don't understand. They 7---,---­
2 Who identifies a more serious problem? happily spend hours sitting next to each other in a cafe
and never saying a word.When I was their age my
3 How could either problem be solved? friends and I 8 talk for hours.
Scott, Los Angeles

IIJ,, On a day off I 9 nearly always check my

GRAMMAR :.. work emails, and then I get into the whole internet thing.
But doesn't everybody 10 do this?
PRESENT AND PAST HABITS Steff, Berlin

5A Look at sentences 1-5 and underline the phrases

that express habits. B Work in groups and discuss. Which of the
readers' comments can you identify with?
1 We used to have more free time ...
2 People would sit around and watch TV or read.
3 Why are they always talking on their mobiles?
4 ... or they'll often play a computer game together.
5 They usually watch YouTube clips together ... ? A Work in pairs and look at the pie chart showing
the hours spent on different activities in a working
B Work in pairs and check what you know. Look at
father's average weekday. Discuss the questions.
the rules and underline the correct alternative. Use
the sentences above to help.

a) Use used to+ infinitive for activities and •emailing/social media

states that happen regularly now/happened •housework
•doing nothing
regularly in the past but not now.
•my son
b) Use would+ infinitive for regular activities/ •meals
states in the past which no longer happen now. • leisure (alone)
c) Use frequency adverbs (always, usually, leisure (with people)
generally, normally, typically, etc.)+ present •work/study
simple/continuous for present habits or+ past •sleep
simple/continuous for past habits.
d) Use always+ present continuous to talk
about long/repeated activities that are often 1 Do you think this person has a balanced life?
annoying/surprising. 2 Is there anything he should spend more or less
e) Use will+ infinitive to talk about activities/ time doing?
states which are present/future habits, often 3 What would be similar or different on a pie chart
with frequency adverbs. of your average weekday?
B Draw a pie chart like the one above for your
C � 4.1 CONNECTED SPEECH: contractions Listen average weekday.
to the examples of fast connected speech. Write 'd, C Work with other students. Show each other your
'II or present simple (PS) for each sentence.
pie charts and discuss.

-
1 Z 3 4 1 What are the differences between your pie charts?
5 6 7 8 2 How should other students change their lives?
[> page 134 LANGUAGEBANK 3 Who has the most balanced average day?
 WRITING :r 9A Complete the table with the linking words/
phrases in bold in the essay.
AN OPINION ESSAY; LEARN TO USE
LINKERS firstly furthermore to conclude
to start with
8A Look at the essay title. Work in pairs and discuss
the questions.

Most people fill their leisure time with

meaningless activities. Do you agree? in contrast for example this shows

1 What do you consider a 'meaningful' and a

'meaningless' leisure activity?
2 What is your opinion of the statement?
B Read the essay. Do you agree with the writer's
point of view?
B Add the following phrases to the correct columns
of the table.
moreover in the first place to sum up
1 It is said that technological development has this proves as an example as opposed to this
given people more leisure time than they
used to have, and that this frees them up
to concentrate on pursuing their interests 10 A Choose one of the essay titles below. Work alone
or improving themselves. It seems to me, and make notes on the questions.
however, that most people spend their free time
doing things that do not contribute to their Adults need to play as much
development and are essentially unproductive. as children do.
Z To start with, the most popular free-time
activities seem to be ones that people do alone. Leisure activities have
For instance, most people spend a large part become too expensive.
of their time on the internet and, even when
they are interacting with others, they are only
doing so electronically. In addition to this, Children need more play time tn
when people do go out it is often to visit the order to develop tnto healthy adults.
shopping centre; for some families, their main
time together consists of a few hours walking,
filling a shopping trolley and eating at a snack Friendships formed over the internet
are as strong as ones formed in person.
shop in a shopping mall.
3 At the same time, there are examples of people • Do you agree with the opinion?
making good use of their time. At weekends,
• Why/Why not? List three points.
there are parks, forests and beaches full of
• What examples can support your points?
people doing sports or taking walks together.
Some people do volunteer work for charity B Work in groups and discuss your opinions. Note
organisations for a few hours a week. Other any new points you could include in your essay.
people join theatre or singing groups. All of

---­
this supports the view that there has been C Write a plan for your essay.
some positive change; sadly, however, this
reflects a relatively small part of the overall speakout TIP
population.
One way to organise an opinion essay is as follows:
4 In conclusion, I agree that people use their · An introductory paragraph - state the topic and give
free time wastefully, and I feel that the your opinion. You can start, 'Some people believe ... '
situation is getting worse. It is my hope that
or use a question or a quotation.
this might change in the future.
• The main body of the essay (two or three paragraphs).
When you make a point, give a reason and/or example.
• A conclusion - you restate your opinion using
C Work in pairs. Identify the purpose of each different words.
paragraph.
D Underline three phrases for giving opinions. D Write the essay (120-180 words). Check your

-
work for accurate grammar and use of linkers.
POSITIVE ADJECTIVES
1 A Work in pairs and tell each other
about your last holiday. Did you enjoy
it? How did you choose it?
B Read the website adverts and
answer the questions. Alternative city breaks
Tried all the classic destinations? Spend a week with our instructors off
1 Which adverts offer free holidays? Been to Rome, Paris and Lisbon? the coast of Australia. Whatever your
2 Which ones are holidays where you Take advantage of our hotel prices level, we guarantee you will make
learn something? to explore lesser known cities such significant progress. We also promise
as Ljubijana, the jewel of Slovenia, breathtaking views from the yachts
3 Which, if any, appeal to you most?
or the delightful city of Seville. together with sunshine every day.
2 A Underline eight positive adjectives
in the adverts. Circle the nouns they
describe. Help out at a festival
Travelling on a tight budget? Many
..::::::,. arts and music festivals depend
speakout Tl P on volunteers to ensure they run
smoothly in return for an entrance
Many adjectives with similar meanings are ticket. It's the perfect opportunity
not interchangeable because they collocate to plan a summer of partying or
with particular nouns, e.g. a stunning view travelling around the world.
but not stunning fun. Always make a note of
typical adjective-noun collocations.

B Cover the text and complete the

adjective-noun collocations. Then
check in the text.
1 100% right: ___ opportunity/
place/example
2 important and popular for a long
time: destination/car/film
3 unusually good and more than Top 10 language holidays
expected: ___ results/talents/ One-to-one language tuition in If you're prepared to put in a few
ability a foreign country can achieve hours' work a day, you can stay in
exceptional results. We round up 10 some stunning locations all over the
4 giving a lot of pleasure: ___ city/ homestay language courses in superb world for next to nothing. Check out
village/garden locations ranging from learning these volunteer placements in farms
5 important and easy to notice: __ Spanish in Guatemala to improving and small businesses.
progress/improvement/change your English in the Lake District.
6 very good or beautiful:
___, ___, ___ views/
location/scenery
C � 4.2 WORD STRESS Put the LISTENING '.i
adjectives from Exercise 28 in the
correct group. Then listen and check. 3 A � 4.3 Listen to three conversations and match the people
with the holiday adverts above.
1 Oo 2 oO 3 Ooo 4 oOo 5 oOoo
D Work in pairs. Student A: say an B Listen again to the three conversations and answer the questions.
adjective-noun collocation. Student 1 In Conversation 1, what is the man likely to enjoy the most and
B: give an example from your country least about his trip?
and say why you chose it. 2 What does the other man think of the trip?
A: a delightful town 3 In Conversation 2, what three suggestions does the woman make?
B: Trapani in Sicily because ...

-
4 Does the official agree to these suggestions?
5 In Conversation 3, what does the woman mention having done
on her trip?
6 What does she want to do next summer? What could stop her?
 GRAMMAR .//·
FUTURE FORMS
4 A Work in pairs and read the extracts from the conversations in
Exercise 3A. Who is speaking?
1 A: When are you off?
B: The taxi me (pick up) at seven
tomorrow.
2 A: Not my idea of a holiday!
B: Actually, I don't think it ____ (be) too hard.
3 A: I didn't know you were interested in gardening.
B: I'm not really, but apparently there (be) some
building work on the house. They're not sure yet.
4 A: Bear with me a minute. I just (check)
the latest information on the computer.
5 A: The plane (arrive) at 10.30 at the earliest.
B: But that's over three hours' time!
A: I'm sorry, Sir. And it (be) later than that.
6 A: So are you hoping to go back?
B: I'd love to. Maria's invited me and I (go back) next
summer but only if I can afford the flight. But I have a plan.
I (look for) a new job, with more money. 6A Underline the best alternative in
B Complete the extracts with the verbs in brackets and one of the the sentences.
future forms from the box below. In several cases, more than one 1 We're going/We might go to
form is possible. In each case which forms cannot be used? Why? Venezuela on holiday this year.
I booked yesterday.
be going to be likely to present continuous might 2 We'll probably/We're going to go
be due to will ('II) camping at the weekend but we're
not sure yet.
C Look at audio script 4.3 on page 167 and check the forms.
3 On Saturday I'm meeting/I'll meet
D Match rules 1-8 with the examples in Exercise 4A. some friends for lunch.
4 In the future I'm using/I'm going to
Intentions and plans Predictions use English to get a better job.
1 Use the present continuous 5 Use will ('11)/won't + infinitive 5 I think it is raining/'/[ rain this
for definite arrangements. for general predictions weekend.
2 Use be going to/be planning often with adverbs such as 6 There's no lesson today? In that
to/be hoping to+ infinitive for definitely/possibly. case I'm staying/I'll stay at home
a general intention. 6 Use be due to when and study.
3 Use will ('II) + infinitive something is expected or 7 I'm hoping to/thinking of travel to
for a decision made at the scheduled to happen. China at some point in the future.
moment of speaking. 7 Use be likely/unlikely to for 8 I might/I'm unlikely to live abroad in
4 Use might/could+ infinitive a prediction that is probable. the future.
for an intention that is not 8 Use might/could+ infinitive for 9 We are due getting/to get our test
certain. a prediction that is not certain. results by the end of the week.
10 Our national team definitely won't/
won't definitely win .
SA CONNECTED SPEECH Work in pairs and say sentences 1-4 out
loud. Which pronunciation is more natural, a) or b)? B Change five of the sentences so
that they are true for you.
1 What are you going to do after class? a) /wota:ju:/ b) /wotaja/
2 Who will be there? a) /hu:wII/ b) /hu:1/ C Work in pairs and take turns.
3 When will you have time to talk? a) /wenalja/ b) /wenwilju:/ Student A: tell your partner your
4 When are you meeting them? a) /wena:ju:/ b) /wenaja/ sentences. Student B: ask follow-up
questions.
B� 4.4 Listen and tick the pronunciation you hear. Then listen
A: I might go to Croatia an holiday this
and repeat.

-
year.
[> page 134 LANGUAGEBANK B: Sounds good. Whereabouts in
Croatia?
 UNCOUNTABLE AND PLURAL NOUNS

8A Read the email. Why is Valerie enjoying her holiday?

.,_ - ---�
To: Gabriel14@mailbox.com

Hi Gabriel,
Just a quick note from the middle of nowhere ...
We got off to a bad start when Marianna fell down the([tair�
coming off the plane (no major injuries). Then our luggage got lost,
along with all of my clothes and my reading glasses, as well as our
toiletries. Things are pretty basic here - you can't buy soap for
instance. We're staying on the outskirts of a tiny village, in a yurt, a
sort of house made of cloth and wood (see attached photo). In fact
there's no concrete anywhere, only these yurts, except the remains
of an old stone hut nearby.So how do we spend our time? Well, we
do a bit of horseback riding during the day and we play cards in the
evening.The locals are incredibly friendly. You know, I've realised
that simpler is better and I really don't want to come home!
Valerie

B Work in pairs and discuss. Would you enjoy this type of

?A Work in pairs and take turns. Ask holiday? Why/Why not?
and answer questions and make
notes on: C Look at the email again. Underline six uncountable nouns and
• your partner's interests and hobbies. circle eight nouns which are usually found only in the plural. Use
a dictionary if necessary.
• the type of accommodation and
transport he/she prefers on holiday. 9A Read the quiz below. Find and correct ten mistakes.
• things he/she doesn't like on
holiday. B Work in pairs and take turns. Ask and answer the quiz questions.
• if he/she wants to spend a lot on a
luxury holiday or wants something
more reasonably priced or free.
B Work with a new partner. Use
your notes to design an alternative
holiday for each of your previous
partners. Think about the following 1 When you travel, do you find informations and accommodation
things: by asking at a tourist office?
• name of the alternative holiday 2 What sort of facility do you expect hotels to have?
• location
• means of transport 3 Do you ask friends for advices on what to see?
• length of time 4 How many luggage do you usually carry for a two-week trip?
• accommodation 5 Do you ever carry any sports or camping equipments?
• main activities 6 Has airport security ever gone through the content of your
• other information (clothing, suitcases?
equipment, climate, health,
preparation, items to bring) 7 What mean of transport do you like to travel by most - plane,
train or car?
C Tell your original partner about
the alternative holiday you have
B On holiday, what's your favourite type of sceneries?
designed. 9 Do you like looking at the remain of ancient buildings?
Your holiday is called Patagonia by 10 Do you always keep someone back home informed of
Horse. It's likely to be cold and rainy, your whereabout?
so you should bring . . .

-
[> page 151 VOCABULARYBANK
 ABILITIES

1 Look at the photos of game shows

and quizzes and discuss the
questions.
1 Do you enjoy watching shows like
this? Why/Why not?
2 What are the most popular shows
of this kind in your country?
3 Which type of show would you
be best at? Why? Think about your personality,
abilities and skills.

2A Complete sentences 1-8 with the phrases in the

box.

understand human nature in great shape

know-how inventive cool-headed
good with (words/my hands, etc.) a sharp mind
a good sense of humour
1 I have the practical knowledge needed. I have the
necessary ___.
2 I know a lot about what people are like. I
3 I can make people laugh. I have ___.
4 I don't get nervous under pressure. I'm ___
5 I'm in good health and condition. I'm ___
6 I can come up with new things easily. I'm ___.
7 I can think quickly. I have ___.
8 I'm talented or skilled in (various fields).
4A Match the sentence halves to make phrases for
I'm explaining procedures.
1 The first thing they do
B Work in pairs and take turns. Student A: close
your book. Student B: ask your partner about their
2 The key thing is
abilities using the phrases in Exercise 2A. 3 What happens next is
Do you have know-how in any particular area? 4 After they've finished, the team
5 Basically, the way it works is that
C What type of game show or quiz would your
6 What you have to do is to
partner be most suited to?
7 The point is to
a) that asked the questions decide if it was a lie or
FUNCTION S· not.
b) twelve of the contestants stand on podiums over
DESCRIBING PROCEDURES
water.
3 A Work in pairs and look again at the photos. What c) is to tell a personal story.
exactly do you think happens in each show? d) jump over the arm when it gets to you.
e) that the other team interrogates the storyteller.
B � 4.5 Listen to the descriptions of two of the
shows. Were your ideas correct? f) get round the course in the fastest time.
g) to say something that's so unbelievable that it's
C Listen again. For each show, make notes on these hard to imagine it's true.
questions:
B Which phrases from Exercise 4A are used:
1 Is it an individual or team competition?
1 to state the overall goal or aim?
2 What is the aim?
2 to describe details of the procedure?

-
3 What is the best thing about it?
3 to highlight something particularly important?
[> page 134 LANGUAGEBANK
 LEARN TO ·1�
USE MIRROR QUESTIONS
6 A Look at the extracts. Underline the word A says which B does
not understand or does not hear properly.
1 A: There are two teams, with three celebs on each team.
B: Er ... Three what?
2 A: So a panellist tells a personal story ...
B: Sorry, who tells a story?
3 A: ... the other team grills the storyteller.
B: Um, they do what?
4 A: ... twelve of the contestants stand on podiums over water ...
B: They stand where?
B Which question words or phrases can replace a noun? Which
can replace a verb?
�
spealcout TIP
When you don't understand part of what someone says, repeat most
of what they say but replace the problem word with a question word
and use stress and intonation to make it into a question.
__....?!
A: They film it in BA. B: They film it where?

C � 4.6 STRESS AND INTONATION: mirror questions Listen to the

questions in Exercise 6A and underline the main stress in each
one. Then listen and say the questions at the same time, paying
attention to the stress and intonation.
D Complete the mirror questions to check the words/phrases
in bold. Then work in pairs and practise reading the
conversations aloud.
1 A: You have to saute the potatoes.
S A Complete the description of a game. & ?
2 A: The first player writes an anagram of the word.
My favourite is The Palate Test. & ?
Basically, the 1� it works 2__ 3 A: You go to the webinar site.
that one of the judges cooks a dish for B:
the contestants. The 3 __ thing they
4
__ is to taste it and try to work
4 A: Basically, the aim is to beat the rival team.
out what the ingredients are. 5__ & ?
happens 6 __ is that they get the
ingredients and try to make exactly
the same dish.After 7__ done that, SPEAKING }
the two judges taste the dishes and
choose the winner.The 8__ is to
match the original dish as closely as
? A Choose one of the situations below to explain to a partner.
possible. The 9__ thing is to work • how to make a favourite dish
out the original ingredients - one • one of your favourite websites and how it works
thing missing and the dish won't taste • the procedure for something practical, e.g. how to fold a T-shirt
the same as the original. • how you do one or more of the tasks in your job/studies
• a hobby, game or sport you enjoy
B Think of a game/sport/show you • how your phone or something in the room works
know. Make notes on the number of B Make notes on the main points, the procedure and key things
players, the procedure and the aim. to keep in mind.
C Work in groups and take turns. C Work in pairs or groups and take turns. Student A: describe
Student A: describe the game/sport/ the procedure to the other students. Other students: ask mirror

-
show but don't say its name. questions if you don't understand something.
Other students: guess the game/
sport/show. [> page 151 VOCABULARYBANK
DVD PREVIEW t. DVD VIEW .·1:.

1 Work in pairs and discuss. Which ways of 3 A Watch the DVD. How similar were your answers
completing the statement do you agree with? for Exercise 2 to the ideas in the programme?
Check any new words with your partner or in a
dictionary. B Work in pairs and try to complete the
suggestions about topics 1-3 from what you
Money can't make you happy ...
remember. Then watch again to check.
• but job satisfaction can.
• is a silly thing to say! Of course it can! 1 the rat race: ___________
• but you can't be happy with none.You need a 2 the rich: ___________
basic standard of living. 3 holidays: ___________
• but shopping does make me feel good. C Check what you remember. Underline the correct
• and neither can possessions or designer goods. words. Then watch the DVD again and check.
• but a good income gives you status in society. 1 ... does happiness come in a gift-wrapped box!
• but I need enough for my leisure activities. package? And if it doesn't, what on earth are we
• but I would still like to be very, very rich! all doing?
2 ... the standard of living has increased
2 Read the programme information and answer the dramatically/hugely and happiness has increased
questions. not at all and in some cases has fallen/diminished
1 What does the programme say about the slightly.
relationship between money and happiness? 3 Then your neighbours drive up in two top-of-the­
2 What are some of the theories that explain this, range!of the latest BMWs.And suddenly your Mini
do you think? just doesn't do it for you/make you happy anymore.
3 What suggestions do you think the experts will 4 In our search for happiness we work longer,

•
make? commute/travel further, to get richer, to buy more.
And yet the science of happiness suggests we
should do exactly the opposite/take a different
direction
tmJ The Happiness
I
5 The next task, though, is to persuade/convince us
all to change the way we live.
Formula D Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
Happiness: everybody wants it, it's such a
1 Did you find the programme persuasive?
simple concept, so why is it so hard to get, and
2 Which ideas do you agree with?
to hold onto? Scientists have begun to look for
answers, and this six-part series explores their 3 How might you go about making the changes that
findings. In tonight's instalment, presenter are suggested?
Mark Easton looks at why consumerism has
failed to increase our happiness, and some
theories and research that scientists use to
explain this failure. He talks to experts who
give us some ideas of how we might change our
life and become happier people.
speakout a happiness survey writeback tips for being happy
4A Work in pairs and discuss. Look at the box below. 6A A website asked its readers for tips for being
What do most people consider the single most happy. Work in pairs. Read two of the responses and
important 'ingredient' of happiness? Which one is discuss which you agree with.
the least important?
a life partner peace and quiet a nice car Don't read the news or watch TV
free time friendship sport or exercise money The news is filled with negative images and stories and each
clear goals good food music other (what?) one contributes to your stress levels, making you feel more
depressed. Following the news can also take up a great deal of
B � 4.7 Listen to a man answering questions your attention. Instead, use the time to do something you enjoy,
such as cooking a meal, phoning a friend or going for a walk.
about happiness. Which topics from Exercise 4A
does he talk about? Which are the most important Get a pet
for him? Studies have shown that people who have a dog or cat are
C Listen again and tick the key phrases you hear. happier and live longer. A pet can give companionship that for
some people, is almost as good as having a partner. Be realistic
about what type of pet would be most suitable for you and for
PHRASES your accommodation. Remember, if you choose a dog, you'll
[Could I/Do you mind if I) ask you some have to take it for walks, whereas a cat is more independent.
questions?
Which would you find the [easiest/hardest/most
difficult] to live without? B Work in pairs. Choose three topics from the box
or your own ideas to write tips for being happy.
Do you think that most people feel [money/a nice
Make notes using the headings below.
car/ ...] is essential to happiness?
How important are these things to you, on a scale I exercise friends family work money nutrition
of one to five, five being very important?
Tip:
Which is [the easiest/hardest] to achieve?
Why this helps:
What would you say is missing from your life?
How to do it:
C Write about your tips for the website (120-200
5A Work in pairs and prepare a short happiness words). Use one paragraph for each tip.
survey using the key phrases.
D Read other students' tips. Whose tips would
B Talk to other students and ask your questions. work best for you?
Make notes on their answers.
C Summarise your findings to the class.
4.5 (c LOOKBACK
5 A Write the conversations in
full using different future forms.
1 A Add the vowels to complete 3A Rearrange the letters to
1 A: What I you I do I Friday?
the verbs. complete the phrases.
place to relax B: I I go I Julia's party I or I
1 a
(rpecetf) maybe I go I cinema.
2 a book (aislcsc) A: I I go I Julia's party I so I I I
Don't wait till it's too late! give you a lift I if I want.
3 a view of a city
These days more than ever it's
(rheabnikatgt) B: Thanks. I I I phone I if I I I
important to know how to 'r_ch_rg_ .
need I a lift.
But some people don't know how to 4 a restaurant
relax and how important it is to do so (ubpesr) 2 A: How I you I planning I use I
before it's too late. your English I in the future?
5 someone with a/an
First of all. notice the danger signals. talent (lixeeoncpat) B: I I try I get a job/
If you get 2w_ _nd _p easily by the little international company.
6 a improvement
annoying things people do. it's time How / you?
to public transport
for a break. It's time to 3 f_c_s _n
(figistnican) A: I I hoping I get I into I
yourself! Go and sit by a lake or on top American university I but I
7 a village
of a hill. Don't think about anything. I I unlikely I get I my first
just 4ch_ll _ _ t. Don't listen to music or (flughdielt)
choice.
anything - music might be another 8 scenery
way to 5sw_tch _ff, but it's an artificial
B: I I sure you /.
(tnninsgu)
solution. So listen to the wind and the 3 A: Hurry up or we I miss I the
water. You'll feel your energy change, B Think of something, bus!
you'll feel yourself 6_nw_nd. somewhere or someone for five B: What time I due?
of the phrases above. Then work
A: It I due I two minutes.
in pairs and compare your ideas.
Leave I coat. You definitely
B Work in pairs and discuss. I not I need I it today.
Which part of the author's B: But it I rain. I I I take I
advice do you agree with?
4 A Work in groups. Look at umbrella just in case.
the headlines from a future B Work in pairs. Use the
newspaper. Which ones: prompts to practise saying the
1 are likely to happen? conversations.
2 A Correct the mistake in each 2 will definitely never happen?
sentence. One sentence is correct. 3 could happen, but are not
1 When I was younger, I'd often likely to?
6A
a UNIVERSAL
went to cafes with my friends. Underline the correct
2 People are thinking always ITALIAN BECOMES alternatives.
about the next task; of course LANGUAGE
they can't pay attention to now.
D The Oyster Card
3 I didn't used to check my email Average lifespan
first thing in the morning, but The best way to get around London
increases to is with the Oyster Card. 1 A/The point
now I do. 100 years is that you don't need a new ticket
4 I used to get up early these every time you travel . 2 8asic/Basically.
days and go for a jog.
5 Most weekend mornings I'll B LAST WAR ENDS - WORLD the way 3it works/it� working is that

PEACE ACHIEVED
you put credit on your Oyster Card.
staying in bed till noon since I What 4 does happen/happens is that, at
don't have a reason to get up. the entrance to the underground, you
6 As a child, I used to play board swipe the card over a reader. The next
thing 5what/that you do is to swipe
games a lot with my family.
it again when you exit, and the cost
7 My best friend always sending is taken from your credit. The 6goal/
me texts. It's really annoying. E main thing is to top up your credit
8 Years ago I would believe I was INTERNET BANNED WORlDWIDE before it runs out. 7After/Afte,wards
always right. Not anymore. you've left London, you can pass the
card on to a friend!
B Work in groups and discuss. B Which three predictions can
Which of the habits above are you confidently make about the
good and which are bad? Which world in twenty years' time? B Write your own tips for
of them do/did you share? getting around a town/city you
I think the average lifespan is likely
know using five phrases for
to increase because . . .
describing procedures.
BRIGHT IDEAS? p56 CONSUMER CRAZY p59 WHAT DO YOU THINK? p62 GENIUS p64
5.1 BRIG HT I DEAS? gG :;���:rms andlinking:the
change; compound nouns

7 FASJFOOD 6ManyTELEVISION 5 CIGARETIES

The world's
worst
Americans are the ultimate fast of us are probably Cancer-causing chemicals
food eaters, spending an estimated surprised by this one. But it's in cigarettes mean that men
$142 billion (£73 billion) on it actually reality 1V that's the who smoke are twenty-two
in one year. But it seems our days main offender with 3% of the times, and women twelve
of carefree consumption of fatty, total vote. Making its debut times, more likely to develop

inventions
cholesterol-rich food may be in 1948 with Candid Camera lung cancer than those who
limited, as we gradually wake in America. reality television's don't. Smoking is also linked
up to the health risks. In 2002, popularity has risen in the to other cancers and heart
some obese U.S. teenagers filed 21st century; in the USA there attacks. Pregnant smokers are
a lawsuit against McDonald's, are two 1V channels devoted at greater risk of giving birth
Fast food and speed cameras are accusing the fast food chain to it. Why it's so popular is to underweight babies. The
among the most hated inventions of fattening them up. anyone's guess. World Health Organization
of all time. But what really gets you A judge later says up to 29% of British men
annoyed? Thousands of people threw out and 19% of women smoke.
voted and the results, published the lawsuit.•
by the BBC science magazine,
Focus, make for a surprising read.
'°lhNW outthll '-it - decided there
was no reason for any legal action

VOCABULARY i
1 Work in pairs and discuss. What CHANGE
do you think are the five worst
inventions of all time? 3A Complete the sentences. Then check your ideas in the
reading text.
2A Look at the photos. Were these 1 Nuclear accidents are rare but can _____ devastating effects.
the same as your ideas? Write down 2 [The mobile phone is a gadget] that's _____ communication.
one reason why each is on the worst 3 Innovations that go bang or bodily harm were the
inventions list. most hated.
B Read the article. How many of your B Match 1-8 with a)-h) to make sentences.
reasons were the same?
1 We are already having to adapt e a) their fight for equality.
C Read the article again. Are the 2 Streaming services have b) to the change of
sentences true (T), false (F) or transformed seasons.
not given (NG)? Where possible, 3 It takes some people time to adjust c) on travellers'
underline the phrase or word that 4 Hosting a global sports event can experiences.
helped you decide. do harm d) to access high-quality
1 Americans consume the most fast 5 Coal and gas mining cause damage to education.
food. 6 Online hotel reviews have a positive e) to extreme weather
2 Candid Camera is famous for being effect events.
the most popular U.S. reality show 7 E-learning courses have enabled f) the environment.
ever. millions g) the way we listen to
3 Smoking is more dangerous for 8 The appearance of female journalists music.
women than men. in the media has revolutionised h) to a country's economy.
4 Cars being less expensive has
meant that more people use cars. C Underline the verb phrases related to change in Exercises 3A
5 Alternative fuels will probably and 38 and write them in the correct group according to their
replace petrol in the near future. meaning. Include the part of speech that follows them.
6 Traditional power plants are less 1 react to change: adapt to+ noun
expensive to run. 2 make a positive change:
7 Research has shown mobile phones 3 make a negative change:
are not more dangerous as you get 4 make a big change:
older.
D Work with other students and discuss. Which issues in Exercise
8 People felt equally negative about
38 do you agree with or relate to personally? How many views or
all types of weapons.
experiences do you have in common?
D Work in pairs and discuss. Which
inventions should not be on the list?
Car haters out-voted petrol
3 NUCLEAR POWER 2 MOBILE PHONES
Nuclear accidents are rare but A surprising silver medal for Bombs, guns, biological
users. Developed in the can have devastating effects. the gadget that's revolutionised weapons, you name it -
late 1880s, the modern car Nuclear power plants cost communication. Mobiles have innovations that go bang or
was initially the toy of the more to construct and operate been available in the UK since cause bodily harm were the
wealthy, but falling prices than fossil fuel ones, and are 1985 and have been widely most widely hated in our survey.
have made it a key part supported by large subsidies used since the late 1990s. Nuclear weapons were the worst
of family life. The motor from the taxpayer. Waste storage Almost three-quarters of Britons offender. getting 11 % of the total
industry is now booming - is also a concern but supporters now own one. Despite health vote. They've only been used
over 60 million cars and light promote nuclear power's green scares linking mobile phone twice in wars - in 1945, the USA
trucks are produced globally status as it produces no carbon use to brain tumours, most dropped the bomb 'Little Boy' on
in a year. But a green fuel is dioxide directly. studies have found there is no the Japanese city of Hiroshima,
unlikely to take over from increased risk. Maybe it's those followed three days later by 'Fat
petrol soon, so the car annoying ring tones that have Man: which fell on Nagasaki.
continues to add to our put mobile phones here.
growing carbon footprint.

GRAMMAR ::
ARTICLES

4 A Check what you know. Complete the sentences with a(n), the or 5 A � 5.1 WEAK FORMS AND
- (no article). Then check your answers in the article. LINKING: the Look at sentences 1-3.
1 In 2002, some obese U.S. teenagers filed ___lawsuit against Circle the where it is pronounced
McDonald's, accusing ___ fast food chain of fattening them up. /oaf and underline it where it is
2 In ___America, ___reality television's popularity has pronounced /oi:/. Then listen and
risen in the 21st century; in ___ USA there are two television check. What is the rule?
channels devoted to it. 1 The interesting thing is that many
3 ___World Health Organization says up to twenty-nine o@people who hate it are the
percent of ___ British men and nineteen percent of ___ ones who watch it.
women smoke. 2 The automobile has done less well
4 Developed in ___ late 1880s, ___modern car was initially since the economic crisis.
the toy of ___ wealthy, but falling prices have made 3 Those who voted for the car
it ___key part of family life. mentioned the harm it does to
the environment as the biggest
B Complete the rules 1-6 in the table with a(n), the or-. Write a word
problem.
or phrase from the sentences above as an example of each rule.
B � 5 .2 Listen to the
Use: pronunciation. What sound is used
1 a/an with singular countable nouns when you are not to link the and the following vowel?
talking about a particular thing, or when you mention Listen and repeat.
something for the first time. a lawsuit, ____ the interesting thing
2 with any type of noun when you and your reader/ !_/
listener know which particular thing you are talking the automobile
about, for example because it is unique or it has
been mentioned before.
!_!
the economic crisis
3 with plural and uncountable nouns to talk about
things in general. _______ _. ____ /_/
4 with most place names such as continents, the environment
countries, cities. ____ !_/
5 in fixed phrases such as in ... 1960s, in ... beginning.
In some country names. ________

-
6 with a singular countable noun or an adjective used as
a noun for something in general. ____. ____

C> page 136 UNGUAGEBANK

 6 A Look at the headline. Why do you
think people chose the bicycle? Read
the article and check your ideas.
It's transformed the way . . .
It has enabled people to . . .

humble bicycle has won2__

people's
U•M-1 :llJ!MR PLUS
U-K-natlona- l survey of, ·
favourftelnve�
COMPOUND NOUNS
Listeners to BBC Radio 4's You and Yours
programme were invited to vote in
4__
8 A Work in pairs and look at the pictures above. Which inventions
• _ online poll looking at 5___ do you think were the least successful? Why?
most significant innovations since 1800.
B Complete the encyclopedia entries with the names of the
It was 6___ easy victory for 7___
inventions in the photos.
bicycle, which won more than half of
8
vote. Second came 9 radio
The 1 was expected to be a major breakthrough for
with eight percent of the vote, and the transport but in the trade-off between safety and efficiency, safety
electro-magnetic induction ring - the won. The outlook for its future remains poor.
means to harness electricity - came third.
The 2 was expected to revolutionise communication
Despite the fact that you can find them but had a serious drawback: it could not be used over a long range
everywhere, 10___ computers gained and communication breakdowns were common.
just six percent of the vote and
As glass bottles were replaced by cans, drinks manufacturers
11 internet trailed behind with needed a replacement for the 3 , and the outcome
only four percent of all votes cast. There was ·the 4 . The downside of the move to cans was a
were more than 4,500 votes cast in total. huge increase in the amount of rubbish.
People chose the bicycle for its simplicity
of design, universal use and because it C Match definitions 1-6 with the words in bold above.
is 12___ ecologically sound means of
1 compromise trade-off 4 a discovery
transport.
2 expectation S disadvantage (2 words)
3 system failure 6 result
B Complete the text with the correct
articles, a(n), the or -. 9A Complete the information with examples from the entries in
Exercise 88. More than one answer is sometimes possible.
Compound nouns are usually made of two words. They can
SPEAKING \ be written as separate words, e.g. bottle cap, or a single word,
e.g. 1 , or they can be written with a hyphen,
?A Work in pairs and discuss. For each e.g. 2 • The plural is made by adding ans to the end,
pair of inventions, which one do you e.g. breakdowns. Several common compound nouns are made
think is more important? Why? of a verb + preposition, e.g. 3 , or a preposition or
1 the oven or the fridge adverb+ verb, e.g. 4 • If you understand both parts

2 the pen or the pencil of the compound, you can often guess the meaning.
3 fire or the wheel
4 the bicycle or the car B � 5.3 Listen to seven sentences. Write the compound noun
S the zip or Velcro in each sentence in your notebook and underline the stress.
6 sunglasses or sunscreen Where does the stress usually fall?

B Work with another pair. C Work in pairs and choose three inventions. Write an
encyclopedia entry for each one using two of the compound
Pair 1: say a number from the list, and nouns above. Write they/it instead of the invention.
choose one of the two items. Say why
it's more important. They were an important breakthrough in the 20th century. They give
us relatively clean energy but they also have some serious drawbacks,

-
Pair 2: say why the other item is more
including the danger of a major breakdown.
important.
After two minutes, agree on which pair D Exchange entries with other pairs and guess the inventions.
is the winner. [> page 152 VOCABULARYBANK
 ADVERTISING COLLOCATIONS
1 A Work in pairs and discuss.
1 How do you make decisions about 2A Complete the collocations with nouns from the box.
what you buy?
2 How much are you influenced by I a price a market a product

¢= � )
advertising?
3 What else influences you, e.g. people, launch advertise set raise
brands, the internet?
B Work in pairs and do the (1 � :p (2
questionnaire. Note your answers.
C � 5.4 Listen to the radio
programme and check your answers.
break into enter
D Listen again and answer the questions.
1 What one thing hasn't changed about
marketing?
2 What is the effect of giving people
choice?
�
(�· :p
3 In what two ways does pricing affect B Add the verbs from the box to the word webs.
people?
increase promote dominate reduce see a gap in endorse
4 What are the two advantages of a viral
video?
C Work in pairs and cover Exercise 2A.
5 What four things are important if you
want a video to go viral? Student A: say a noun from Exercise 2A.
Student B: say two verbs that go with it.
E Work in pairs and discuss. Which ideas
Student A: say another verb.
in the listening surprised you the most?

You want to introduce a new product to

the market, for example chocolate. The
product you want to compete with sells for
two euros. Should you price your product
above or below your competition?

3)
Which colour (blue, green, orange, red or yellow)
is best to use in an advert for:
al high-tech products?
bl drugs and medical products?
cl energy drinks, games
and cars?
There's a coffee shop d)food?
in the town centre;
It sells a thousand
coffees a day. Imagine

'+)
Out of 100 people, how
if a competitor
many click off an online video
opened another
before 10 seconds are up?
coffee shop right next
door. After that, how
many coffees would

5)
What times are the best for posting
each shop sell? a video if you want it to go viral?

-1-
 GRAMMAR ··'.,: 5A Work in pairs and discuss. How could a company
REAL AND HYPOTHETICAL CONDITIONALS promote a new product? Give three ideas.
B Read the text. Does it mention your ideas?
3 A Check what you know. Which sentences refer to
real situations and which to hypothetical ones?

I
1 Experience shows that if the price is higher, f you wanted to launch a new product for
people think your product is better. a specific audience and only that audience,
2 If a video goes viral, it will get millions of views. what 1wouldlwill you do? The answer is to
3 People will click off unless the video is memorable. get a vlogger to endorse your product. A vlog
4 Your brand name will travel around the world is a video blog and a vlogger is the person
provided the video goes viral. who presents the videos. If your product were,
S Supposing you wanted to sell a new brand of for example, lipstick, you 2willlwould choose
chocolate, ... what price would you set? someone who gives advice on makeup - her
6 If another coffee shop opened next door ..., followers are your perfect target audience.
they'd sell at least a thousand cups each. It works like this: you send the vlogger a sample
of your product and then, 3providinglunless
B In 1-6 above, circle the verb in the conditional the vlogger likes your product, she 4willlwould
clause and underline the verb in the result clause. mention it on one of her vlogs. OK, you pay
C Which words from the box could replace provided her of course, but 5as long as/unless she's a
and supposing in sentences 4 and S above? vlogger with a large following (some have over
a million), your investment 6willlwould be
if providing suppose imagine let's say worthwhile and sales should boom. Just be sure
on condition that as long as that your suppliers have full stocks - if the vlog
7
goes/went online in the morning, your lipstick
D Complete the rules. Use sentences 1-6 and the may be sold out by afternoon. Now supposing
words in Exercise 3C above to help. you 8makelmade your own vlog, you would
be wasting your time. Even less-well-known
::a 1 Use a real conditional when ... vloggers have a bigger audience than you
c
r- a) something is always or generally true: 9
will/would be able to get at first. Remember,
Cl if+ ---12.resent simple + _______ 10un1esslas long as you reach your target
b ) something is likely to happen in the audience, your product 11won't/will go
future as a result of a possible action/ anywhere, and neither will you. And that
situation: 12
willlwould be a shame.
if+ + -------
2 Use a hypothetical conditional when
something is unlikely to happen in the
present or future:
if + + -------
3 As alternatives to if. it is possible to use:
a) to mean if not
b) _____
______ or ______
to mean if and only if
c) _______
______ or ______
to say that something is unlikely.
C Underline the correct alternatives in the text.
4 A � 5.5 SENTENCE STRESS: conditionals
D Work in pairs and discuss. What was new or
Listen and write sentences 1-5 in your notebook.
surprised you in the text above? Do you follow a
B Underline the stresses in each sentence. Listen vlog or a blog?

--­
again and check. Then listen and repeat.

speakout Tl P SPEAKING :i
In many situations, especially in speaking, we use only
one clause of the conditional structure, e.g.
6 Work in pairs. Student A: turn to page 159. Student
B: turn to page 160.
A: Do you think I should take this job?

-
B: Wei/, I'd take it. But it's up to you. [> page 152 VOCABULARYBANK

[> page 136 LANGUAGEBANK

 size
colour
A REPORT; LEARN TO MAKE
WRITTEN COMPARISONS useful/practical features
price
? A What influences you when you buy my friends have the same
a new phone or a computer? Write a fashionable
list of factors. makes me look successful
B Work in groups and compare ideas. brand loyalty
0 20 60 80
8A
40 100
Look at the chart on the right
men women - teenagers -
which shows the results of a survey
on why people choose a particular
smartphone. What is the most and Introduction
least important factor for each group This report looks at the results of a survey of students and employees
of people? in our language school in relation to their reasons for buying a
particular smartphone.
B Read the report written by a
student on the survey results and Men and women:'------
answer the questions. First of all, comparing the results for men and women, it can be seen
that some factors affect both groups more or less equally. For example.
1 Which factors are mentioned? there is no difference in how much size and colour influence their
2 The student has made one factual choice of phone. and the results for 'my friends have the same one'
error. What is it? show only a slight variation.
3 How would you complete the main Men and women: 2______
headings? There are, however, significant differences in the results for other
factors. The usefulness or practicality of a phone's features is far more
C Look at the report and write true important for men than for women, as is the price and how much it
(T) or false (F). makes the owner look successful. On the other hand. women place
1 A report has headings for the first greater importance on brand loyalty.
and last paragraph only.

�-----�-�----�------------
2 The first paragraph states the The results for teenagers showed an interesting contrast to those for
purpose of the report. men and women. First of all ....
3 The last paragraph gives a final .....

comment and sometimes a

recommendation. Conclusion
It appears that despite the differences. there are two factors which have
4 The language is formal. relatively high importance for all three groups: what smartphone their
D Read the report again and friends have, and what is fashionable. Given this, it can be concluded
complete tasks 1-3. that people are more influenced by social factors than practical ones.
1 Circle three phrases for saying that
two things are the same or nearly
the same.
2 Underline four different phrases for
10 Complete the task below.
talking about differences.
A group of adults were asked about how they choose a summer
3 Put a box around four linking holiday destination, giving a score from 1-10 to each of a number
phrases. of factors to indicate their relative importance. The graph below
shows the results. Write a report of 120-180 words summarising
9A Work in pairs. Look at the chart the results, highlighting the similarities and differences.
again and make notes on four points
you could make about teenagers.
price
B Complete the report by continuing
the paragraph about teenagers. Write sports facilities
40-60 words. Include at least four of near water
the phrases in Exercise SD.
interesting local culture
C Read your partner's text. Did you
choose the same information to focus good local food
on? Did you both use a formal style? friend recommended it
attractive advertisement

0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
men women-

MdN
 VOCABULARY f.
COLLOCATIONS WITH IDEA

1 A Work in pairs and discuss. What do you

understand by 'brainstorming'? What is it used for?
B Read the article and check your ideas. Which rule
do you think is wrong?

THE SIX RULES OF BRAINSTORMING

1 Quantity is more important than quality. Suppose
you're looking for a way to get people to walk more.
One brilliant idea isn't enough, you want five, ten,
dozens to choose from. The goal of the brainstorming
stage is to come up with as many ideas as possible.
2 No idea is too predictable or bizarre. In fact, FUNCTION -;-
sometimes these ideas can lead to the perfect
solution. SUGGESTING IDEAS
3 Zero judgment. Never reject an idea because you 2 A You are going to listen to a brainstorm on ways
think it's dreadful or unrealistic, because what you to encourage people to walk more. Before you
need is just ideas, ideas, ideas. The worst thing you
can do in a brainstorm is to criticise an idea. listen, work in pairs and write down three ideas.
4 Everybody's equal. You have to identify shy people B � 5.6 Listen to the first part of the brainstorm.
and encourage them. There's no hierarchy, it only Are any of your ideas included? Make a note of the
works if you work as a team. other ideas.
5 Have no time limit. People often get their best ideas C � 5.7 Tick the three best ideas. Then listen to
if they have as much time as they need. the second part. Which ideas are rejected and why?
6 Write all the ideas down - each and every one. Which idea do they choose in the end?
Have a secretary who records whatever anyone says.
You can develop the ideas further after the meeting. 3 A � 5.8 Complete the phrases with two words.
Then listen and check your ideas.
1 How feel about this idea?
C Read the text again. Underline six verbs and 2 Would the opposite idea of scaring
circle six adjectives which collocate with idea(s). people into it?
Come up with as many ideas as possible. 3 How does the idea of closing public
transport ?
D Replace the words in bold with a word from 4 I think it be great if we _____
Exercise lC. get celebrities to promote walking generally.
1 I get my best ideas when I'm in the shower. 5 I think we should the feet idea.
2 Having a four-day working week is a terrible idea. 6 With that in mind, try combining
3 I would never say no to an idea completely unless the two ideas?
I had slept on it. 7 Let's that.
4 It's OK if people say my ideas are bad.
B Listen again and say the suggestions at the same
5 People in my country are creative but are not so
time, copying the stress and intonation.
good at expanding their ideas into something
with business potential. C Complete the responses to the suggestions. Then
6 Allowing teenagers to start school at l la.m. is a check in audio script 5.7 on page 169.
crazy but brilliant idea. 1 That could be a pr___.
7 People's ideas about married life are not very 2 It wouldn't be my first ch ___.
practical. 3 It wouldn't wo___.
8 When educational authorities want to measure 4 I think we're on the wrong tr ___ here.
progress, they usually suggest more testing. It's an 5 That's not a bad i at all.

-
obvious idea, and a good one. 6 I'm t ___ between the video and the celebrity.
E Work with other students and discuss the topics C> page 136 LANGUAGEBANK
above. Which ones do you all agree with?
 LEARN TO .;
SHOW RESERVATIONS

S A Work in pairs. Cross(X) the negative comments

and tick (.I) the one that is neutral.
1 , that could be a problem.
2 , it wouldn't be my first choice.
3 , I don't think that would be effective.
4 , it wouldn't work.
5 , at the moment I'm torn between
the video and the celebrity.
B CE 5.9 Listen to the phrases and write the
missing words/phrases in comments 1-5 above.
C Which two phrases you wrote signal a very
negative comment?
�
speak:out TIP
We often use short phrases to prepare someone for a
4 A Work in pairs and look at the ideas for getting negative comment. Some phrases (to be honest, actually,
people to stop dropping litter. Which ones do you I have to say) can also signal a positive or neutral
think are the best? comment, depending on the intonation and context.

<::;ettt� -people to stop olYop-pt� Ltttey D CE 5.10 INTONATION: showing reservations

• get ii ceLebrLt!'.l spoR.espers.0111, to proV\,\.ote tne L&ieii Listen and pay attention to the intonation. Does
each one signal a positive(+) or negative(-)
• nave sLg111,s for tne bacR.S of cars: 'Do111,'t eve"" tnL""R.
of tnroWL""9 !'.jOUr rubbLsn 01,{t.' comment?
• L111,crease tne fi.11\,ls for &iroppL""9 LLtter 1 2 3 4 5 6
• nave rl,(bbLsn btll\,S, wnLcn V\,\.aR.e a fl,(111, soulil,i;j wne"" E Listen again and repeat the phrases. Pay
soV\,\.ltnL""9'S &iroppe&i L111, attention to the intonation.

B Work in pairs and role-play the situation. Use the

flow chart to help. SPEAKING �
A
How I feel I get I
6 A Work in groups. Choose one of the topics below
celebrity I endorse I and brainstorm at least five ideas.
I campaign? B • How to encourage people to learn a foreign
�not I first choice I have language
�osay • How to get people to visit your country or city
[ How I idea I increase • How to improve one aspect of the building you are
I fines I strike you? in
It I be I done before. I • How to encourage students to do their homework
think I wrong track. I It • How to encourage young people to be more polite
I great I if I use I signs to older people
predictable too. I you I backs of cars • How to get kids to eat more vegetables
I consider I bins I
sound effects? B Look at your list of ideas and choose the best
Not I bad idea I all. I one. Give reasons for rejecting the other ones.
torn I between I that I C Tell the class your best idea and briefly describe
and I use I interesting two other ideas you rejected.
igns I cars I other places
r suppose I try I �
combine I two ideas?
We considered the idea of ... but we decided against it
because ...
OK. Seem I best In the end we chose to . . .
suggestion
[ Right I let I go I that J

C Change roles. Write two key words from each

sentence and use these to practise again.

MIN
DVD PREVIEW -� DVD VIEW t
1 A Work in pairs. The name of the BBC programme 2 A Work in pairs. Look at the picture in Exercise lB
you're going to watch is Genius. What do you think which shows an idea from the programme. What do
the programme is about? you think the invention is?
B Work in pairs. Read the programme description B Watch the DVD and check your ideas. What did
and decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F). the show add to Dan's idea to make it work?
1 Celebrity guests present their ideas. C Look at the sentences from the clip and
2 The ideas are generally both funny and clever. underline the alternative you think they say. Then
3 The audience decides which ideas are 'genius'. watch the clip again and check.
1 We invite the people with the most potential/

Ill
best ideas to join us and it's here that we decide/
�Genius work out once and for all who really is a genius. OK
Can an idea be both silly and genius at the same Stuart, let's see what you think about/make of our
time? That's what the BBC programme Genius final idea tonight.
is all about. Each week, members of the public 2 Someone playing the keyboard would then be
present their wild and crazy ideas for a new essentially/basically playing a choir. I've never seen
product or service. Presenter Dave Gorman and this done before, and I would really like to/it.
a celebrity guest first interview each inventor to 3 No, you couldn't have it at home, really no, not
find out all about the invention, and in the end unless ... not unless you by chance/happen to live
the celebrity guest decides whether the idea with a choir of some sort.
is truly genius or not. In this programme, the 4 We thought it was worth trying/worthy of
suggestions include a new type of choir where investigation so ...
each chorus member has very little to sing! S Just hit anything you like without thinking about it/
at random, a kind of ...
6 And, well I think that you should maybe give it a
go/try it Laurie ...

D Look at these ideas from the programme. What

are the benefits and drawbacks of each one? Which
ideas are just silty? Which is the most 'genius' idea?
• Sell socks in threes instead of pairs.
• Set up a 'democrobus' bus service where the
passengers decide where the bus goes.
• Have genetically engineered one metre-high
mini-elephants as pets.
• Send food to houses via pipes for those times
when you do 't w
speakout a presentation writeback a product review
3 A Work in pairs and look at the invention below. ** ** * EXCEPTIONAL IW#!itl#·I·hl
Write three reasons why it might be a good idea.
Yummy Utensils: knives, forks I'm now on my tenth pack of Yummy Utensils and have
and spoons you can eat been delighted with their success. My four-year-old is a
very picky eater but now even if he eats only part of his
meal, he still insists on eating his knife, fork and spoon.
B � 5.11 Listen to two students presenting the What I like most is that they're not only good value for
idea. How many reasons are the same as yours? money but they're also nutritious. The only downside is
C Listen again and tick the key phrases you hear. that Sergio has started to try and eat his real knife and fork
at nursery school! Highly recommended.
PHRASES As a dedicated 'green' supporter I bought some Yummy
We would like to introduce to you an idea that ... Utensils after seeing them advertised in an eco-magazine.
What makes our idea special is that it's not just What a waste of money. They are supposed to be strong
... but it's also ... enough to cut vegetables. Mine broke on the first carrot,
and the spoon half-melted when I was stirring sugar into
We envisage this product being sold [in my coffee. But the thing I really hated about them was the
supermarkets/on TV/via the internet/ ...] taste. They tasted like cardboard. I was very disappointed.
We think that ... will be a hit with [single people/ Overpriced, over-hyped and not worth the money.
families/ ...] in particular. Don't bother.
We differentiate ourselves from the competition
by ...
In the future, we are planning to develop a 5A Read the product reviews above. How many stars
[business/lightweight/diet/...J version. do you think each writer gave the product?
B Which of the following features occur in the
4 A Work in pairs. Student A: turn to page 159. reviews?
Student B: turn to page 161. Either choose one of a) information about where the person first heard
the business ideas from your lists or think of an about the product
idea of your own to present to your classmates. b) the things the person most liked or hated
B Prepare your presentation. Discuss questions c) a comparison of this product with other similar
1-3 below and make notes. products
1 What is the product called? d) examples of the reviewer's experience using the
product
2 Why is it such a good idea?
e) a final short comment
3 Where will it be sold?
C Write a review of either the product you have
C Join another pair and take turns. Pair A: practise
just heard about OR a product you have recently
your presentation. Pair B: give advice on improving
bought. Use the reviews above to help you with the
the presentation.
lan uage.
D Present your product to the class and list!
5��
·- '
(c LOOKBACK
B Underline the correct
alternatives in the article.
1A Rewrite sentences 1-4 using 3 A Add vowels to complete
the correct form of one of the the words. Seducing shoppers
words/phrases in the box. 1
Provided/Supposing you wanted to sell
Seven key questions when
a product in a shop; exactly where
aejtt5t revolutionise you L _nch a new version 'would/do you place it to promote it best?
cause damage of a product: Research shows that if there 1 arelwould be
have a positive effect on two similar products. identical in quality
1 Is the market for the product
but different in price. the shop 4 wi/J put/put
1 People with many talents can difficult to br_ Jt into? the more expensive one on the shelf you
�to it well and tend to 2 Is there a g_p in the market? see first. and put the cheaper one around
ad·
�us t
find a new job quickly. 3 How would you s_t the the corner. That way. 'provided/imagine you
Z It's done harm to family price? want to buy the product. you 'put/will put
relationships. the expensive one in your basket; and
4 If sales are poor, will you then. even if you 7saw/would see the
3 It has enabled people in the _ncr__s_ or r_d_c_ the cheaper one later. you probably "wouldn't/
developing world to have a price? won't go to the trouble of swapping it.
better quality of life. 5 What are the best ways to Similarly. if a product was on the bottom
4 It completely transformed the pr_m_t._ the product? shelf. consumers •are/would be less likely
way people think about war. 6 Where is the best place to to buy it (they're often too lazy to bend
_dv_rt_s_ the product? over wunlesslifthey're quite short).
B Work in pairs and discuss.
What could 'it' be in each 7 What famous person could
sentence above? best _nd..rs_ the product? C Work in pairs and discuss.
Which of the ideas in the article
above do you think are true?
B Work in pairs. Choose
a product and discuss the
2 A Complete the quiz questions questions above. I f.1•XM:f.iii:tiii•J#M-i
with a/an, the or no article (-).
S A Find and correct ten mistakes
in the students' conversation.
4 A Complete B's answers in two A: It's be great if we could have the

==
l 1 game of 2 different ways. Use conditional class party at a four-star hotel.
BASKETBALL was invented by: structures. B: That wouldn't be my last
(al 3 teacher in America. choice. How much do you feel
1 A: Have you decided whether
(bl 4 Chinese general Zhao Tuo. to get that car?
about the school cafeteria?
(cl 5 ___ prisoners of war in Korea. B: I'm not sure yet. But it __
C: The school cafeteria? To be
2 Originally, basketball was played by save money on fuel.
honest, wouldn't work. What

==
throwing ... into a fruit basket does Pizza Rizza strike you?
B: Well, it ___ save money
(al 6 ___ first peach of the season B: That's no a bad idea at all.
on fuel, so yes.
(bl 7 football A: Actually, I think we're on the
(cl 8 apples Z A: Shall we go ahead with the wrong truck here. I think we
ad? should go for somewhe re nicer.
3 WINDSURFING was invented by: B: I ___ wait a little longer. B: OK. Supposed we try the Four
(al 9 Ukrainian sailor. But it's up to you.
(bl 10 ---American. Seasons or the Hilton?
(cl 11 --- Head of 12 B: I ___ wait a little longer. A: I'm tearing between the two,
Australian Imperial Navy-.-- It's my decision. but the Four Seasons is closer.
4 It was developed: 3 A: I'm not sure which colour to C: OK. Let go with that.
choose.
(al in 13 14 ec. B Cover the conversation and
(bl during 14_ First World War. B: Let's ask Anne. What do you
think she ___ say? try to memorise the phrases.
(cl in 15___ 1960s.
B: A shame Anne's not here. C Work in groups and plan a
S SCRABBLE® was developed by a What ___ she say? party for your class.
former architect who was:
4 A: Can we have the meeting 1 Brainstorm the place, kind of
(al 16 ___ unemployed.
(bl 1 7 ___ designer of the Eiffel Tower. away from the office? food, activities/games, live
(cl 18 ___ blind. B: Yes, provided we ___ music and dress. Remember
(be) back by four. the rules of brainstorming -
just say ideas and write them
B: No, because we ___ (not
B Work in pairs and answer the be) back by four.
down but don't criticise.
quiz questions. Then check your 2 Discuss the different ideas and
answers on page 160. come to an agreement for each.
T HETIMEOF MY LIFE p68 FUTUREME p71 SO WHAT YOU'RESAYING IS ... p74 HOWTOLIVETO IOI p76
 SPEAKING 1!:· EARLY PEAKERS AND
1 Work in pairs and discuss. What are the advantages and LATE BLOOMERS:
disadvantages of being the ages in the box?
j 10 15 20 30 45 65 WHO HAS IT WORSE?

W
e're all familiar with the story of
VOCABULARY .1, the film star or singer who peaks
early, finds fame at a young age
AGE
and then seems to disappear. Or the novelist
2A Match the words/phrases in bold in questions 1-8 with whose brilliant debut at age 22 is followed
by works of increasing mediocrity. Sports
meanings a)-h).
are particularly biased towards youth; how
1 If someone looks young for their age, is that good? f many teenagers have a moment of glory at the
2 When is someone in their prime? Olympics only to fade away in their 20s when
3 If you tell a twenty-five-year-old person, 'Act your age!' what they are no longer able to compete?
kind of thing might they be doing?
4 At what age do people generally come of age in your country: And then there are the late bloomers,
seventeen, eighteen, twenty-one? who discover their talent relatively late in _life:
5 Are eighteen-year-olds too immature for university? the actress who gets her first big part in her
40s, the office clerk who pens a bestseller at
6 At what age does a person have the maturity to make a decision
50, and the businessman who starts a multi­
about marriage or a career?
million dollar enterprise in his 60s. Late
7 At what age is a person elderly? bloomers might spend decades struggling
8 Does age discrimination affect people looking for jobs in to find their passion or be noticed, and that
your country? can be painful. As author Malcolm Gladwell
a) behave in a more adult way wrote, 'On the road to great achievement, the
b) 'old' (said in a more polite way) late bloomer will resemble a failure.'
c) in the best period of their life
Wherever in the world you are born,
d) treating people unfairly based on age society sets out a timeline for your life. You
e) reach the age when legally an adult start out confronted by rules and restrictions:
f ) in relation to how old they are you mustn't cross at the red light; don't talk
g) wisdom that comes with age back to the teacher. There are milestones
h) childish of freedom: the age at which your mother
says you can stay out late, the point at which
B Choose three questions that interest you from Exercise 2A
you're allowed to take public transport alone
and discuss them in pairs.
or to drive a car. Later, the fruits of your
work give you other freedoms, for example

READING ·.;, you don't have to worry about money for a

nice holiday or a meal at a fancy restaurant.

3 A Work in pairs and discuss. What do you think it means to 'peak And there are the ever-shifting sands of
obligation and expectations. A teenager
early' or to be a 'late bloomer'? Read the first two paragraphs of complains because her parents make her do
the article and check. her homework and don't let her stay out after
B Work in pairs and discuss the questions. Make notes on your 10 o'clock. The 30-year-old suffers because
ideas. he's supposed to be earning more than his
1 In the photographs, who do you think are late bloomers? Who peers but he isn't; he has to work all hours
peaked early? but can't find himself in his profession, and
2 In which of these fields is someone more likely to peak early: meanwhile feels he should give everyone the
impression that he's successful even if he isn't.
acting, singing, writing, sports, business?
3 One author says that sometimes a late bloomer seems to be a Early peakers and late bloomers have
failure. Why do you think this is? all made a name for themselves because
4 How do these change as one gets older: freedom, obligation, in some way they managed to break out of

-
expectations? What is an example of each? the timeline that society had set for them.
C Read the article and check your ideas. Perhaps we can all take a lesson from them
and break out of our own timeline.
 4 A Work in pairs. Guess the meanings of the words in bold in
Director Ang Lee
had his first global
breakthrough at the the text.
age of 41 with Sense B Check your ideas. Match meanings 1-7 with the words in bold.
and Sensibility in
1995. Since then, with 1 a company or business
films like Brokeback 2 constantly changing
Mountain and Life of 3 important events in the development of something
Pi, he has become a
4 average quality
worldwide success.
5 supporting one group in an unfair way
After working as a
6 writes
firefighter and insurance 7 people who are the same age or have the same job as you
salesman, Colonel C Work in pairs and discuss.
Sanders was 62 years • What timeline and milestones do you think society sets out for you?
old when he opened the
first Kentucky Fried • Do you feel pressured by this, or is it not a problem for you?
Chicken restaurant. I think J'/1 be expected to . . . People tend to . . . It bothers me that . . .
W hen he sold the chain
in 1964, there were
900 of them.

5 A Check what you know. Complete the table with the modal
and semi-modal verbs underlined in sentences 1-6 below.
1 You mustn't cross at the red light.
2 Your mother says you can stay out late.
3 You don't have to worry about money for a nice holiday.
4 He has to work all hours.
5 He can't find himself in his profession.
Wang Yani is a Chinese child prodigy whose work 6 He feels he should give everyone the impression that he's successful.
was first exhibited in China when she was four
and later became a stamp. Her work now appears
in galleries internationally. obligation prohibition mustn't
(strong)
It was in I 605, after a
career as a soldier and obligation permission
then a tax collector, that (weak)
Cervantes' novel Don
Q;l&cote was published, lack of ability/lack of
destined to become one obligation ability
of the greatest novels
of all time. He was 58.
B Look at the phrases in bold and think about their meanings.
Which category in the table are they closest to?
Romanian Nadia 1 They are no longer able to compete.
Comaneci, winner of 2 There are milestones of freedom: ... the point when you are
three Olympic gold
medals, was the first
allowed to take public transport alone ...
female gymnast to be 3 A teenager complains because her parents make her do her
awarded a perfect score homework and don't let her stay out after 10 o'clock.
oflO in an Olympic 4 The 30-year-old suffers because he's supposed to be earning
gymnastic event. She was more than his peers ...
only 14. She retired at 5 ... they managed to break out of the timeline that society had
the age of 23.
set for them.

As a child,Jocelyn 6 A [8 6.1 Listen and write the sentences you hear.

Lavin was a natural
B CONNECTED SPEECH: elision Cross out a tor a d that isn't
mathematician and a gifted
oboe and piano player. pronounced at the end of a word in each sentence. Then listen
She later discovered she again and repeat.
lacked the discipline for We must go home now.
university work and [> page 138 LANGUAGEBANK
eventually became a

1§8
teacher.
 ?A Complete the sentences with a VOCABULARY PLUS
modal verb or related phrase in the WORD-BUILDING: PREFIXES
correct form. In some cases there is
more than one possibility. 9A Check what you know. Add a negative prefix to the words in
1 Parents should be strict bold to make them negative. Use dis-, in-, ii-, im-, ir-, mis- or un-.
with babies or they ___ 1 You have ___!!Q_realistic expectations of life.
to control them later. 2 Your behaviour is __predictable and sometimes __logical.
2 The worst thing about school was 3 You are __satisfied with how your life has turned out.
that I do what I
4 You aren't very keen on __familiar situations.
wanted to.
5 You are __patient with people who don't understand
3 When I was a child, my parents
technology.
often me stay over
at my friends' houses. 6 You think you are __mortal.
4 When I was younger, I _____ 7 You are __willing to change your mind about your opinions.
help clean our flat but I never did. 8 You __behave to get people's attention.
5 The best thing about being an adult 9 You sometimes feel __secure in groups and __interpret
is that no one can you what people say to you.
do something if you don't want to. 10 How much money you have is __relevant. You're just happy
6 And the worst thing is that you just not to be __healthy.
_____ to get the flat tidy and B � 6.2 Listen and check your answers to Exercise 9A. Then
then the family messes it up again! listen and repeat. Are the prefixes stressed or unstressed?
7 When I am older I _____
afford an apartment in the city C Work in pairs and discuss. Are any of the sentences above
centre. truer for younger people and/or older people? Give examples
to support your ideas.
8 A good thing about being retired
is that you work ..:::::,.
anymore. speakout Tl P
B Choose four sentences and change A dictionary can help you find which negative prefix a word takes. Look
them to give your opinion. Then at this listing below for the adjective mature. How is the negative shown?
discuss with a partner. How does your dictionary show negative prefixes?

mature adj 1 behaving in a reasonable way like an adult [;t immature] She·s
SPEAKING it very mature for her age.
From Longman Act,ve Study D1ct1onary.
8A Make notes on your answers to
questions 1-3. 10 A Answer each pair of questions with words that share the same
1 Are most of the people you spend prefix. Use the prefixes in the box and the words in bold to help.
time with your age or a different
age? Why? I over- post- pre- under-
2 How is your generation different
What do you call:
from older or younger ones? What
sort of misunderstandings or 1 a) the generation who were born before the war? (adj)
conflicts can this cause? b) the period of history before written records? (adj)
3 Is the 'generation gap' greater or 2 a) the generation born after the war? (adj)
smaller than it used to be? Why? b) a university course taken after you graduate from your initial
course? (adj)
B Work in groups and discuss the
questions. 3 a) the time you spend working in your job in addition to your
normal working hours? (n)
b) people who are forced to work too much or too hard? (adj)
4 a) someone who isn't the minimum age to see an X-certificate
film? (adj)
b) someone who doesn't have enough qualifications to get a
job? (adj)
B Work with other students and brainstorm other words that
begin with these four prefixes. Which group came up with the
longest list?

-
[> page 153 VOCABULARYBANK
1 A Over the next four years, what are you definitely
going to do, what do you think you might do and
what do you hope you'll do?
B Work in pairs and compare your ideas. Do you
have any plans or hopes in common?

2 Read the programme information below and

answer the questions.
1 How does the website work?
2 Do you think it would be uplifting or depressing to
get a letter from your younger self?

The idea is simple:

write a letter to yourself. and futureme.orq
will keep it and send it back to you at
a point in the future - you pick the date. FUTURE PERFECT AND CONTINUOUS
What will you discover. lookinq back?
In this BBC radio proqramme, people read
4A Look at sentences a) and b) from Laura's letter.
Which one talks about:
aloud and comment on their letters.
1 things that will be completed before the moment
she opens the letter?
2 things that will be in progress around the moment
that she opens the letter?
3 A � 6.3 Listen to Laura reading a letter she a) I'll have changed so much.
wrote to herself four years ago when she was
b) I bet when I get this, it'll be raining.
sixteen. Answer the questions.
1 Which topics did she write about? B Complete the rules.
2 Is the letter down-to-earth or romantic? Is it 1 To talk about something that will finish
generally optimistic or pessimistic? before a specific time in the future, use will
B Listen again and correct the mistakes. + ___ + ___.
1 I envisage myself at Oxford Uni, ... sitting under a 2 To talk about something that will be in
tree ... and watching something floaty. progress at or around a specific time in the
2 I know, I'm practical. I hope that hasn't changed. future, use will+ ___ + ___.
3 I hope I'll have married someone.
4 ... I think I'll have three children with long brown C Underline the correct alternative in the
hair and blue eyes. sentences and explain your reason.
5 ... I have to write everything I can down, but I'm 1 In ten years' time, I expect/'// be owning//'// own
running out of time. a flat.
6 Don't worry too much, and be happy with who you 2 I'll have finished the report by/until 12 and
are. certainly no later than that.
C � 6.4 Listen to the second part of the D � 6.5 WEAK FORMS: auxiliaries Listen and
programme and underline the two correct write the sentences. Underline examples of the
alternatives. future perfect and future continuous. Circle the
1 Laura now sees her sixteen-year-old self as auxiliary verbs.
shallow/quite mature/unrealistic. E Listen again and say the sentences at the same
2 She feels very happy/ecstatic/amazed at the way time as the speaker.

-
her life has turned out.
[> page 138 LANGUAGEBANK
 5A Look back at the rules on page 71
and complete the questions with the
correct form of the future perfect,
future continuous or the future
with will.
1 By the end of the day, do you
think (you/
receive) more than fifty emails?
2 At 9p.m. tonight, _______
(you/watch) TV? If so, what? How do you feel about your English?
3 Do you think ________ a) It's going well.
(you/fall) asleep by midnight b) You have your ups and downs.
tonight? d You're stuck and going nowhere.
4 This time next year, ______
(you/still/study) English and
2 This weekend, you're going to a party with lots of people
you don't know. How do you feel?
________ (you/pass)
any English exams? a> You're looking forward to it.
b) You have mixed feelings about it.
5 Do you expect ________ d It's the last thing you feel like doing.

--
(you/still/like) the same kind of
music a few years from now? 3 Your partner rings you and asks to meet as soon as possible
as they have something important to tell you. What do
6 In twenty years' time, _____
=
you think?
(you/live) in the same town, do you

-
think? a) You look on the bright side; the news will be good.
b) It'll just be news, nothing particularly positive or negative. -

--
B Work in pairs and discuss the d You're dreading it; you're sure they want to break up
questions in Exercise SA. Use words with you.

-
and phrases from the box. le When you think about the next year or two in your life,
Possibly Yes, definitely how do you feel?
That's quite likely I doubt it a) quite upbeat about it
No, definitely not Perhaps b) cautiously hopeful
I expect so I don't suppose so d quite pessimistic about the prospects
5 How does the future in general make you feel?
a) It fills you with great hope.
b) It has its fair share of positive and negative prospects.
d It fills you with despair.
6A Work alone and think about your
plans for ten years' time. Make notes
on three of the areas below.
studies or work achievements VOCABULARY i,:,
travel English. OPTIMISM/PESSIMISM
relationships and/or family;
home ? A Work in pairs and read the quiz. Guess the meaning of the
activities/experiences words/phrases in bold.

B Work with a partner and discuss B Match the phrases in bold in the quiz with the meanings below.
your ideas. Put the phrase in the infinitive.
A: What would you say about 1 feel both positive and negative about something
'achievements? 2 think about a future event and feel good about it
B: Well, in ten years' time, I hope /'II 3 sometimes go well and sometimes go badly
have become fluent in English. I'd like 4 make no progress
to be working abroad somewhere, 5 be really worried and fearful about something
maybe Australia. How about you? 6 makes you feel extremely negative
C Work in pairs. Would you say 7 optimistic
you are generally an optimistic, 8 see things in a positive way
'glass half full' type of person or a
pessimistic 'glass half empty' one? C Work in pairs and complete the quiz questions. Then read the

-
key on page 159 and work out your partner's score. Do you think
Give examples.
the analysis is accurate?
[> page 153 VOCABULARYBANK
 9 A Read Corinna's reply again. Work in
AN INFORMAL EMAIL; LEARN TO FOCUS ON pairs and discuss how to replace the
INFORMAL STYLE formal phrases in bold with informal
ones.
8A Imagine you could go anywhere and do anything you like on B Complete the table with the
holiday next summer. Complete the sentence below, and then phrases in bold.
compare with other students. Did any of you have the same idea?
In the middle of next summer I'd like to be ___ -ing (activity) informal formal
and ___-ing (activity) in ___ (place). 1 a great time the perfect
for it occasion to do so
B Read the email about someone's suggestion for next summer
and the email reply from her friend. Does Corinna answer Louise's 2 about
questions? What do you notice about the s tyle?
3 Can't wait to
hear more
Hi Corinna! 4 Do you know

I
I've just heard there's an Irish performance and music festival in Dublin
in July. 1How about coming over to visit me and we can go to it 5 happy to get
together?
2Tickets are already on sale, and I'll get us some as soon as I know 6 I'd love to come
you're coming for sure. 3Check out the festival website (I'll paste the
address below) and let me know which concerts you'd like to see.
4My cousin has a flat in Dublin - how about if we stay there? His 7 I'd rather see
family will have left for their summer holiday so it'll be just us
staying there. Is there anything else you'd like to do in or around 8 All the best,
Dublin while you're over here?
5Let me know how many days you can stay. Can't wait to see you! 9 I'll let you know
Louise
10 It'd be great

C Rewrite Corinna's reply in an

informal style.

10 A Read the email extract from a friend.

Write an informal reply accepting the
invitation in 120-180 words.

Dear Louise. I'm glad to hear that you're coming next

61 was delighted to receive your email regarding the music festival, month. This'll be only your second time
in this city, won't it?
and I would like to accept the invitation. I have always wanted to
visit Dublin, and this seems like the perfect occasion to do so. We could spend Wednesday walking
You asked me about concert choices but I didn't get the link . 7 1 would in the hills nearby or perhaps just drive
be most grateful if you could send it again. 8My preference would out and look at the scenery. Then
be for performance rather than music. I will inform you of my specific would you like to go to the theatre in
choices once I see the programme. the evening?
Your cousin's flat sounds excellent. 9 1 would be interested to know On Thursday some friends of mine are
if it is in the city centre or on the outskirts. having a party. We could go to that or
10
1' 11 be able to stay for three days, and I will book a flight once I know if you like just stay in and watch a DVD.
the concert dates. I look forward to receiving further information or walk around town.
about it all.
Let me know what you prefer. Can't
Yours sincerely,
wait to see you!
Corinna

B Swap your reply with your partner.

C Read the emails again and write the number of the sentence Check each other's work using the
next to the functions below. One sentence has two functions. table in Exercise 98.
a) acknowledge email d) accept an invitation
C Read other students' replies.
b) request information (x4) e) make a suggestion Who sounds the most excited about
c) invite someone 1 f) providing information (x3) their visit?

-+-
 "'
VOCABULARY ;f : 3A Match examples 1-4 with meanings
COLLOCATIONS a)-d). Which two are often used to
persuade people to agree with you?
1A Underline the correct alternative. 1 Is it better to talk it over with her?
1 making/doing a part-time job 2 It's better to talk it over with her.
2 owning/belonging a smartphone 3 Surely it's better to talk it over
3 wearing/putting make-up with her.
4 keeping/staying home alone 4 Isn't it better to talk it over with her?
5 getting/making your ears pierced a) an opinion
6 going/using social networking sites b) a genuine question - the listener
7 having/signing up your own credit card can answer yes or no
8 driving/riding a scooter c) an opinion where the speaker
9 babysitting/taking care for a toddler is inviting the listener to agree
10 journeying/travelling solo with them
11 staying/keeping up as late as you want d) a strong opinion where the speaker
12 being in charge/running your own business thinks the listener should agree
with them
B Work in pairs. Which of the activities above can you see in
the photos? B Complete the sentences from
the phone-in.
C Work in pairs and discuss. What age is appropriate for someone 1 up to
to do activities 1-12? the parents to set guidelines.
D Tell the class anything you disagreed about. (Surely/it/be)
2 it better
to talk it over with her? (not/be)
3 just normal
nowadays. (Surely/that/be)
PERSUADING
4 it's just
2 A � 6.6 Listen to a radio phone-in and tick the three activities in a stage he's going through?
(you/not/think)
Exercise lA that the people discuss.
5 to be like
B Listen again and make notes about the callers' problems and her friends? (she/simply/not/want)
the musician's opinions. Then check with a partner.
C � 6.7 Listen and check.
! problem I musician's opinion
D INTONATION: persuading Listen
again and repeat. Copy the intonation
pattern.

-
[> page 138 LANGUAGEBANK
C Work in pairs and discuss. What's your opinion about each of
the situations from the phone-in?
 LEARN TO
CLARIFY IDEAS
-r
5 A Read the extract from the radio phone-in. Find two phrases
where people ask for clarification of an idea.
DJ: So basically you think she's too young for a phone.
Ed: Yeah, yeah, that's right.
DJ: Surely it's up to the parents to set guidelines.
Ed: So what you're saying is I should give her some rules?
B Read audio script 6.6 on page 170 and find two other phrases

--­
to ask for clarification.

speal<out Tl P
Clarify an idea by repeating something in your own words
(paraphrasing).This also 'buys' time while you think about how to react.

C Complete the sentences to paraphrase 1-4.

1 It's unfair. Rich kids don't have to work.
4A Work in pairs. Do you know anyone So what you're saying is all kids should have to work
who has had a 'gap year' either 2 Elderly people don't get enough respect from younger people.
before they went to university or So, in other words, younger people should _____
between university and work? What 3 Why is it that students who cheat in exams often don't get
do you think of the idea? punished?
B Work in pairs and role-play the So basically you think students who cheat should _____
situation. Use the flow chart to help. 4 It makes me angry that men are paid more than women.
So what you mean is women should _____
Student A
D Work in pairs. Student A: read out a statement from Exercise
not I you I think I SC. Student B: cover the exercise and clarify the idea.
everyone I a gap year?
Student B
6 A Complete statements 1-4 with your own ideas.
I I not I agree.I not I be 1 The biggest problem with young people today is ...
I better I start I work as 2 It's not fair that ...
soon as possible?
3 I think it was a mistake to ...
Yes I but I not I gap year I 4 One thing I learnt from my parents is ...
give people I different B Work in pairs and swap your sentences. Write a paraphrase of
kind of experience? your partner's sentences.

gap year I just I long

C Work in pairs. Student A: read out your idea. Student B: clarify
holiday. Surely I year I the idea. Then practise again without looking.
work I more useful? A: The biggest problem with young people today is they can't
concentrate.
I I disagree.I year off I B: So, what you're saying is they can't focus on just one thing.
give I people I chance I A: That's right.
think about I career.

not I most 22-year-olds I SPEAK I NG -:;';

decide I by that age?
? A Work in pairs. For each statement, think of two points that
Not always. People I support the opinion and two points against it.
often I end up I job they • Thirteen is too young to join a social networking site.
hate. I Anyway, surely I
worth trying? • A sixteen-year-old shouldn't be allowed to smoke cigarette.
• An eighteen-year-old who has just passed their driving test isn't
I I still I not convinced. I ready to drive the family car alone.
I think I a waste of time. B Student A: turn to page 159. Student B: turn to page 160.

-
Student C: turn to page 162.
DVD PREVIEW r· DVD VIEW ·]:
1 Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 4A Watch the DVD. What are the two main reasons
1 Who is the oldest person you know or have mentioned for why Okinawans live such long lives?
known? 8 Work in pairs. What does the underlined word
2 What do you think they would say is the secret to refer to? Watch again and check your ideas.
a long life? 1 It's four times higher than in Britain and America.
2A Match 1-8 with a)-h) to make collocations. 2 The Okinawans don't really think about this.
3 Bradley and Craig think that one of the main
1 keep a) some gentle exercise
reasons for the Okinawans' longevity can be
2 follow b) into monotonous routines
found here.
3 do c) a sensible diet
4 They contain antioxidants, which protect against
4 don't fall d) mentally active cell damage.
5 avoid e) a positive attitude 5 The Okinawans only fill i! to 80 percent of its
6 stay f) healthy capacity.
7 maintain g) depressed 6 If you do this, you may die sooner than you might
8 don't become h) stress if you didn't do it.
8 Work in pairs and discuss. Which two factors do C Watch the DVD again and underline the word
you think are the most important for a long life? you hear.
1 Without thinking about the latest diet or lifestyle
3 Read the programme information. Which three fad/fashion, Mr Miyagi has developed his own way
places are mentioned and what do they have in of slowing the ageing process.
common?
2 The explanation for this extraordinary
phenomenon/miracle begins in the most ordinary
of places.
�Horizon: 3 They've identified a number of important
How to Live to IOI qualities/properties that protect the Okinawans
from disease.
The quest to live longer has been one 4 You go and you load up at the ... at the, the
of humanity's oldest dreams, but while all-you-can-eat restaurant and you, you walk
scientists have been searching, a few isolated away with this swollen/bloated feeling.
communities have stumbled across the answer.
D Work in pairs and discuss. How easy do you
On the remote Japanese island of Okinawa, in
think you would find it to live on Okinawa? Is there
the Californian town of Loma Linda and in the
anything you would find difficult?
mountains of Sardinia people live longer than
anywhere else on earth.
A group of scientists who study the science
of longevity have dedicated their lives to
trying to uncover the secrets of these unique
communities. Tonight's documentary travels
to Okinawa to meet some of its long-living and
remarkably healthy inhabitants.
speakout a debate writeback a forum comment
SA Look at the topic for a debate. Work in pairs and ?A Read the forum comment and discuss in pairs.
write two i deas in favour of the statement and two Do you agree with the writer?
ideas against it.
Employers should give preference to younger 1111 11111111111111111111111111111111 I I I I I I I I 111: 1111 1 1
applicants when hiring. I strongly feel that children should take care of their
B � 6.8 Listen to part of the debate. Did either parents when they get old, and I'm shocked that anyone
speaker mention any of your ideas? Which speaker disagrees. I grew up in a traditional society, where my
do you agree with most? grandparents lived with us and were always in the house.
When I came to this country, it surprised me how unusual
C Listen again and tick the key phrases you hear. it was for three generations to live together. I accept
that most young people's lifestyles don't fit with those
PHRASES of grandparents. However, in my opinion, we are fully
The first point I'd like to make is that .. . responsible for taking care of our ageing parents and
I would like to start off by saying that .. . grandparents. My reasons are that:
I would like to support the point made by ... • our parents and grandparents invested a lot in caring
Going back to what (Junko] said ... for us, and it's our duty to do the same for them.
• elderly people can experience loneliness and
I would like to pick up on the point made by ... helplessness. If we care about someone, we should
In [answer/reply) to the point made by ... protect them from these feelings.
• it's more expensive and wasteful for people to live in
6A As a class, choose one of the topics for a debate. separate homes.
1 Politicians should be young - younger adults I definitely think that everyone should reconsider the way
understand the changing world better. they live, and move towards a more traditional family
2 Junk foo d can shorten lives and should be made structure, even in a modern context.
illegal. 1111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111!11;
3 Children should take care of their parents when
they get old. B Number parts a)-d) in the order they occur
4 Workplaces should require employees to do an in the forum comment.
hour of exercise a day. a) summary statement
S It's better to live at a very high standard for 50 b) reasons for opinion
years than at an average standard for 100. c) statement of opinion
6 Some younger people think they have nothing to d) personal background
learn from older people, and they're right.
C Choose one of the topics from Exercise 6A and
B Work in pairs either for or against the statement. write a forum comment giving your point of view.
List at least four points to support your opinion.
D Read other students' forum comments and tell
C Work in groups and debate the topic. At the end, them which parts you agree and disagree with.
have a vote.
 1 A Add the vowels to complete
the sentences.
l�Mfl!�n1?£1ftft
3 A Complete the sentences with
5 A Complete the conversation by
adding the missing words from
1 Society, not families, should the correct form of the words the box to the phrases in bold.
take care of the _ld_rly. in brackets.
what surely isn't agree
2 People _n th__r pr_m_ should 1 Ten minutes from now, can clearly shouldn't
simply enjoy life and not work. I here.
3 The key sign of someone (not sit) A: Don't you that everyone
c_m_ng of _g_ is when they 2 In two hours' time, the class should be vaccinated against
earn enough money to pay flu?
their own rent. (definitely finish) B: But people ought to be able
4 It's embarrassing when an 3 By the time you read this, to choose for themselves.
older man or woman dresses I in New A: Why? Anyone see that the
too young f_r th_ _r _g_. York. I'll be in touch! (arrive) community needs to be
People should dress and act 4 A year from now, all of us in protected and that means
th__r _g_. this group ________ everyone has to be vaccinated.
5 _g_ d_scr_m_n_t__n is regularly. (still communicate) B: But parents decide what they
necessary in certain types of 5 By 2025, the internet think is best for their children?
jobs. ________ by What about some of the side
6 M_t_r_ty comes from an alternative technology. effects of vaccination?
experience, not from age. (replace) A: So you're saying is that you
B Work in pairs and discuss. think parents know more than
B Work in pairs and discuss.
Which of the sentences above the medical profession?
Which sentences do you agree
with? are true? B: But it obvious that it's the
companies who make the
C Work in pairs and write five vaccines that are actually
predictions about yourself/a making money?
classmate/a country/a famous A: Well, we'll have to agree to
person/the world.
2A Underline the correct disagree.
alternatives in the website D Work with another pair and B Practise the conversation
forum. discuss your ideas. above in pairs. Look only at the
phrases in bold to help.

My worst job C Work in pairs. Use the phrases

My current job is the worst ever.
I'm a waiter in an amusement park
4 A Correct eight mistakes in the in bold in Exercise SA to discuss
the following topics.
words/phrases in bold.
restaurant and the manager 'makes/ 1 People who drink and drive
lets us dress up as bears. The
costume is the worst and when I'm I've had my downs and ups at should never be allowed to
wearing it I 2 can'tJ'm not able to see wor· k, but I will never forget my first drive again.
properly. I can't believe some of the job: teaching French to a group of 2 The ideal world language is
things children 3 are allowed to/should sixteen-year-olds in a state school. I ___ , not English.
do. We 4 don't have to/aren't supposed
to get angry with them but I'm sure
had fixed feeling,s about taking the 3 Everyone should do one day
one day I 5 can'tJwon't be able to keep job, since I was very young myself, a week of community service
my temper and will do something but I'd learnt to always look on the work.
awful! Thankfully, we 6 don't have to/ light side of things. I went in the A: Don't you agree that everyone
aren't allowed wear the costumes first day feeling beat-up and really should do community service?
for more than two hours at a time. looking backward to meeting my
Fortunately, because of the masks, my B: Why? Anyone can see that
group. But they turned .out to be. wouldn't be fair ...
friends 7 don't have to/oughtn't to know
about my job. Once, I 8 could/managed diffic.ult, and for a long time I truly
to serve two of my friends without dread those lessons. No matter what
them realising it was me! I tried, I always felt I was coming
32 answers• 2 days ago nowhere, ,an� it filled me up with
· despair. Then, one day, something
amazing happened. One of the
s,udents brought a ...
B Work in pairs and discuss.
I !Comment
What's the worst job you've ever
had or that you can imagine?
What was or would be so bad B Work in pairs and discuss. How
about it? do you think the story ended?
TV GLOBETROTTERS p80 THE CAMERA NEVER LIES p83 WHAT'S IN THE NEWS? p86 NEWS BLUNDERS p88
VOCABULARY : t:S
TELEVISION

1 A Work in pairs. Think of one similarity and one difference between

the TV programmes. Use your dictionary to help if necessary.
1 a wildli(e programme - a reality show
2 a costume drama - a soap opera
3 a sketch show - a sitcom
4 a documentary - a docudrama
S a series - a serial

UNLIKELY
6 a thriller - a detective series
7 a game show - a quiz

GLOBAL
8 a current affairs programme - the news
B Work in pairs and discuss. Which programme types above do

SUCCESSES
you like the most/least? Give some examples.

READING ·:_� What sort of TV programme would you make

if your goal was to appeal to the whole world?
2A Work in pairs and look at the photos of five programmes Obviously a well-made wildlife programme
produced in the UK. What type of programme is each one? such as the BBC's Natural World series would
Why do you think each one is a global hit? travel well, with its visual content and cross­
cultural appeal. Costume dramas and historical
B Read the article and check your ideas. mini-series also seem to survive the transition
to a different culture. But how about a car
C Why are sentences 1-8 false? Underline the relevant phrase or programme, a quirky British comedy or an
sentence in the article. old-fashioned· singing competition? Recent
1 While nature programmes might be expected to be popular years have seen quite a few unlikely successes
worldwide, costume dramas are only popular in the UK. for programmes with an appeal beyond their
2 For a car programme, Top Gear has surprisingly few cars in it. intended audience.
Would it surprise you to know that the
3 Viewers loved seeing the bullet train hit the supercar in Top Gear. most downloaded programme ever is Top
4 A lot of people thought The Office would be successful. Gear, which regularly attracts over 350 million
5 The Office is actually a serious documentary. viewers worldwide in 170 countries every
6 Everyone thought that people who liked Sherlock Holmes would week? And yes, we are talking about a car
programme .headed up by three middle­
welcome a new version. aged men. True, there are a large number
7 Chinese viewers lost interest in Sherlock after the second season. of cars, very fast cars, but its appeal lies more
8 The only performrs on Strictly Come Performing are professionals. in the jokey relationship between the three
presenters and also in the crazy challenges
-::::::­ that are a key feature of each programme.
spealcout Tl P
On one occasion, for example, the presenters'
Good writers use a range of vocabulary to refer to similar ideas, for bizarre search for the source of the Nile pulled
example quirky humour and slightly strange humour. This makes a text in millions of viewers, and a race between a
more interesting for the reader. supercar and a bullet train was another huge
hit. Like it or loathe it, Top Gear truly is a global
phenomenon.
D Find words in the article with similar meanings to the
following. The numbers in brackets show the paragraph.
1 very good outcome(s) successes (1) ( 2)
2 mad or unconventional (2) ______ 2)
3 worldwide extraordinary event ______ (2)
_____ (3)
4 attracted _____ (2) _____ 4)
5 transmitted (4) (4)
6 brought back to life _____ (5) _____ (5)
E Discuss. Which of the programmes would you most like
to watch?
 QUANTIFIERS

3A Check what you know. Which of the quantifiers in

bold in the article refer to: all; a lot; a moderate or
small number/amount; an additional one; zero?
8 Complete the rules with the type of noun: singular,
plural or uncountable. Use the article to help.

1 Use several, few, a large number of, quite a

;!
r- few+ ___ noun.
Cl 2 Use little, a good deal of+ ___ noun.
Comedies rarely travel well and many people predicted
3 Use every, each+ ___ noun.
The Office would flop because of its slightly strange British
humour. Instead, the American version of the sitcom attracted 4 Use plenty of, no+ ___ or ___ noun.
11.2 million viewers during its first showing in 2005. Since then, S Use another+ noun.
this 'mockumentary' has become an international sensation and
has been copied several times. The French call it Le Bureau while C In sentences 1-4 below, do the quantifiers few
those living in Chile have La Ofis and in Germany, it's Stromberg.
and little mean some or not many/not much?
It enjoys a good deal of popularity despite the fact that it
features characters who aren't particularly funny and survive 1 There are few fictional characters that are as well
mundane office life by acting a little cooler than they really are. known as Sherlock Holmes.
The boss is a deeply unattractive character who is respected by 2 There are a few programmes I never miss, perhaps
no one. However, The Office is a sitcom'with" a heart, centred three or four every week.
around the relationship between two main characters.
3 Celebrity contestants with little or no experience
Perhaps that's one reason why it has proved such a success.
There are few fictional characters as well known as Sherlock of dancing ...
Holmes and when the BBC decided to give him a makeover, 4 I always try to spend a little time watching the
there was a real risk of alienating fans of the much-loved classic news each day, at least half an hour.
tales. The stories were updated to twenty-first century London,
used state-of-the-art graphics and had two relatively unknown [> page 140 LANGUAGEBANK
actors in the main parts. The BBC now has a worldwide hit on its
hands. Sherlock is broadcast in more than 200 territories and the 4 A [El 7.1 Listen and write sentences 1-5 in your
long-awaited first episode of the third season was viewed almost notebook.
seven million times in China only a couple of hours after it was
8 CONNECTED SPEECH: linking Draw links between
initially aired in the UK. As with The Office, people are draw·n in
by the intriguing relationships between the main characters, so final consonants and initial vowels in the quantifiers.
maybe there's a theme developing here. However, this doesn't 1 All_of_us watch /ots_of TV.
explain the appeal of our final programme.
Whoever could have imagined that Come Performing, an C Listen and check. Then listen again and repeat.
old-fashioned performance competition popular in the 1960s,
would be resurrected as Strictly Come Performing in the UK and 5A Find and correct one mistake in each sentence.
Performing With the Stars in over forty-five countries who have 1 I watch very little sports programmes.
bought the format? What's not to like? Show-stopping
2 Every programmes have a commercial break every
performances, celebrities, plenty of glamorous dresses, big band
music, popular hosts and viewer participation, this programme ten minutes.
has it all. Celebrity contestants with little or no experience of 3 The weekend schedules usually include few talent
performing pair up with professionals and perform in front of a shows, at least three or four.
live audience to impress the voting viewers and judges. A tired 4 I like each programmes about hospitals or
old format has been revitalised and gone global in a most emergencies.
unexpected way.
It all goes to show that when it comes to picking favourites, 5 I once spent quite few days watching a box set of
the audience will surprise you every time. the series 24.
6 I think a large number of TV has been dumbed down.
7 We have plenty detective shows; we don't need
more.
8 I think little news is OK but not 24-hour news
non-stop.
B Make the sentences true for you or your country.
C Work with other students and compare your

-
answers. How many points do you have in common?
D Report back on three interesting results.
 itl•l!M:{1)u:fl PLUS
MULTI-WORD VERBS
6 A Work in pairs and discuss the
questions.
? A Which programmes in the box might the quotes below
1 What are the benefits of watching come from?
TV online as opposed to on a TV?
2 What types of TV shows do people Natural World Top Gear Dancing with the Stars Sherlock
tend to watch on line? The Office World News
3 What types do you watch online? 1 The company has just brought out an electric version of the 408.
4 Would you allow a child online It's superb! I take back everything I've said about electric models.'
access to a TV or a computer? If not, 2 'We've just come across a herd of elephants on our way through
how would you limit it? the jungle. The rain is making it difficult to film but we'll have to
B Work alone. Read the following put up with it for a few more days.'
statements and put a tick (.!) if you 3 'Over five hundred turned out to cheer the runners to the finish.'
agree and a cross ()() if you disagree. 4 'A marvellous couple! And that dress! It takes me back to my
1 TV and online news is the best way teenage days! And it brings out the colour of your eyes.'
to stay accurately informed about 5 'He comes across as a helpful member of the public but it turns
current events. out that he's the mastermind behind the crimes. Clever!'
2 TV programmes and online video 6 'I've lost the key to my flat. Could you put me up for the night?'
hits are a vital part of people's Otherwise I'll have to sleep at my desk. Like I do most of the day!'
shared cultural experience. B Underline ten multi-word verbs in quotes 1-6.
3 Watching TV is bad for you because
it robs you of time you might spend C Match meanings 1-10 with the multi-word verbs in Exercise 7A.
exercising. Add something (sth) or somebody (sb) in the correct place if the
4 The negative effect of violence in verb takes an object. One verb is a three-part verb.
TV programmes and online media is 1 introduce (a product) or make something available bring sth out
exaggerated. Violent people will do 2 emphasise, or make something easier to notice
violent things anyway. 3 tolerate
5 Watching online video or TV 4 let someone stay in your home for a short time
has a negative effect on your 5 meet by chance
concentration span. 6 seem to have particular qualities
6 Sitcoms often provide positive role 7 make somebody remember
models for children.
8 accept you were wrong to say something
C Talk to other students. Find out 9 go to watch or be involved in an event
how many statements you disagree 10 happen in the end
about. Give reasons.
8A Cover the exercises above and complete the sentences.
1 What's one sound, smell or taste that takes you ___ to your
childhood?
2 Do you think you come ___ as an extrovert or an introvert?
3 What sort of person do you find it most difficult to put ___ with?
4 Do you always turn ___ to vote in an election?
5 What situation brings ___ the best - and worst - in your
English?
6 Imagine you've been dating someone for a year and it turns __
that they've lied about their age. What would you do?
7 Have you ever come ___ an old friend in an unexpected place?
8 When they brought ___ 30 films, did you think they were
worth it?
9 Would you ever put ___ a stranger in your home?
10 If you criticised someone and later found out you were wrong,
would you take ____what you said and apologise?
B Work in pairs. Take turns asking and answering the questions.
[> page 154 VOCABULARYBANK
LISTENING .'::t7 GRAMMAR �
REPORTED SPEECH
1A Look at photos A-C. Do you think the news
events really happened or are they hoaxes? 2 A Check what you know. Which sentences below report
B � 7 .2 Listen to the interview and check. a) a statement, b) a request or c) a question?
1 I asked you before the show if you'd ever earned money
C Listen again and tick the true statement(s)
for your hoax work.
in each sentence.
2 A friend told me he had seen it with his own eyes a
1 The guest wants to remain anonymous number of years before.
because
3 You said that you often work with the police.
a) he thinks mystery is important.
4 Sometimes the police ask me to look at it.
b) he doesn't want to get sued.
2 Police pay him to B For the sentences in Exercise 2A, write the exact words
a) work out if a photo is a hoax. each person said.
b) find out who did it. 1 'Have you ever earned money for your hoax work?'
3 He says the bike photo C Work in pairs and complete the rules.
a) is easy to put together from two photos.
b) was put together by a friend of his. 1 In reported statements and questions the verbs
usually shift back if the reporting verb (say, tell, etc.)
4 The guest says the plane photo
is in the past/present.
a) could be real.
2 This doesn't happen in sentence 1/2/3/4 because
b) is well done. the reported information is always true/still true.
5 He laughs at the shark photo because 3 In reported questions the word order is the same
a) hoax photos with sharks are common. as a question/an affirmative statement.
b) this one looks so fake. 4 To report a request. use ask somebody+ infinitive
6 People who produce hoax photos do it with to/gerund.
because
a) they can make good money. I> page 140 LANGUAGEBANK
b) they feel excited when the hoax
succeeds. 3 A Work in pairs. Who says each of these sentences, the
presenter (P) or the hoaxer (H)?
D Tick the statements you agree with. Then
discuss your ideas with a partner. 1 Can you explain why you want to remain anonymous?
1 When I see a photo in the media, I assume 2 What exactly do you do for the police?
it's real. 3 Talk us through the photographs if you would.
2 It should be illegal to publish hoax photos. 4 I wasn't sure myself. but I found out it was near Seattle,
It's the same as publishing false news. Washington.
3 It's unfair to show a famous person in an 5 Is there a technical reason why you know it's a hoax?

-
embarrassing situation in a hoax photo. 6 I'm thrilled when people believe one of my photos.
4 It's more fun to be tricked by a hoax photo B Write the sentences in reported speech. Start with
than to find out that it's fake. He/She said/asked.
 6 A Complete the questions with the
correct form of the verb in brackets.
REPORTING VERBS
4 A Read the news story and discuss with a partner. Do you think
Les Brown is telling the truth?

oax.
llisurance?
A colleague has a photo of you at an office
party doing something embarrassing. He
An insurance company has threatens to show it to your boss unless
accused a Louisville man of you pay him a small sum of money. Would
you:
faking injuries from an on-the­
job accident in order to get ar agree (payl the money since
prove that photos showing it's a small amount, just to avoid trouble?
a large insurance payment.
b) deny (do) anything wrong
Les Brown, 49, denies lying him playing tennis are fake. and tell your colleague to do whatever he
to authorities about his Brown has refused to speak to wants?
injuries, and has promised to journalists about the matter. c> talk to your boss and
apologise (actl stupidly?

B Read the update to the story below. Have you read about any Situation 2
similar stories in the news? Someone shows you a printout of an
email written by your best friend. It's full
of negative comments about you and also
Faced with clear evidence, authorities warned Brown to contains a few secrets that you told your
Les Brown has admitted tell the truth or face a long friend. Would you:
faking his injuries to cheat the jail term. Brown has a> accuse your Friend (betray)
insurance company. His ex­ apologised for embarrassing you?
wife persuaded him to stop his family and has agreed to b> refuse (believe) that the
lying about the situation after pay a large fine. email is real, and do nothing?
c> make your friend admit ____
(write) the original email and warn him/her
C Look again at the texts and underline all the reporting verbs. ____ it again (never do)?

D Write each reporting verb next to the pattern that follows it. Situation 3
A year ago, you promised to take a friend
�gform out to dinner for her birthday at an
_ _ expensive restaurant. She's just reminded
you, but now you don't really have the
[; ;;eposition -in!for�
: --1--- -I
time or money. Should you:
a> promise (takel her but next
bject + preposition -i f accuse sb of doing sth year?
� .:_ � q ---1I b> persuade her (gol to a
I 4 infinitive cheaper restaurant?

r-5 object+ infinitive--

_ _L --�
______j
c> tell her the situation and apologise
____ (not keep) your promise7

Situation It
5 A Check what you know. Add the verbs in the box to the table Your boss has offered to give you a bonus
above. If you are not sure, use examples in a dictionary to help. if you write a report that will have her
name on it and that she will take full
[tell inv� suggest advise remind thre��ffer . __
.
l credit for. Would you:
a> offer (dol it but only if she
B � 7.3 WORD STRESS Work in pairs. Which reporting verbs in
gives you credit, too?
the completed table have the stress on the first and which on the b> suggest (ask) someone else?
second syllable? Listen and check. c> say no and threaten (report)
C Complete the sentences so they are negative. your boss to her boss?
1 He accused them (take) his injuries seriously.

I-
2 He persuaded his doctor (talk) to the media.
3 His wife told him (lie) about the situation.
4 He apologised (tell) the truth
B Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and
. answer the questions in Exercise 6A.
5 The authorities warned him (do) it again.
SPEAKING ::,1 B Read the essay again and
underline the correct alternative.
'? AWork in pairs. Look at statements 1-4. Choose two statements 1 The introductory paragraph explains
and write one reason for and one reason against each one. Give why the topic is of interest/gives the
examples to support your ideas. writer's opinion about the topic.
1 Manipulation of images in advertising is justified in order to 2 Paragraph two gives points for/for
make a message stronger. and against the idea.
2 Idealised images of models in media can have a positive effect 3 Paragraph three gives points
on ordinary people. against/for and against the idea.
3 The media should be free to examine the lives of public figures. 4 The conclusion asks the reader's/
4 The media should focus more on the lives of ordinary people gives the writer's opinion.
rather than on famous people.
B Work with other students and compare your ideas.
9A Look at sentences 1-4. Circle
the linker which is used to show a
contrasting idea.
-�-1�"'.
WRITING 1 Celebrities invite publicity�
knowing that this will leave them
A DISCURSIVE ESSAY; LEARN TO USE LINKERS open to public attention.
OF CONTRAST 2 While some people seek fame,
others never want or plan for it.
8A Read the essay and discuss. Which topic in Exercise 7 A is it 3 Although a reporter might claim
about? Do you agree with the writer's point of view? that a story is 'in the public interest',
often they are more interested in
These days the media is full of stories of celebrities' private lives: their selling a sensational story.
relationships. rows. problems with weight and so on. In fact, the public 4 However, there are a number of
seems to have a never-ending appetite for this type of gossip. reasons why celebrities deserve
It could be argued that celebrities invite publicity despite knowing our sympathy.
that this will leave them open to public attention. Therefore. it is B Work in pairs and answer the
hypocritical for them to complain when the media shows interest in
questions.
other aspects of their lives. Also. celebrities are influential role models
to many people and because of this, their private lives should be open to 1 What punctuation follows However?
public examination. Additionally, the public have the right to know 2 Which form follows despite?
about the rich and famous since it is our money that supports them. 3 In sentences 1, 2 and 3, which is the
However. there are several reasons why celebrities deserve a main clause?
certain level of privacy. Firstly, while some people actively seek fame, 4 Do the linkers in 1, 2 and 3
others do not. For example. a person might want to be a great tennis introduce the main clause or the
player but not wish to suffer media intrusion into their family's private subordinate clause?
life. Secondly. although reporters might claim an item is 'in the public
interest' often, in fact, they are more interested in selling a sensational C Use the linkers in brackets to
story. Lastly. the unwelcome attentions of reporters and photographers connect the ideas in two different
can put celebrities under great stress. ways.
On balance. I believe that celebrities have the right to the same 1 some celebrities are good role
kind of privacy as anyone else. Just because on some occasions they models for young people I others
invite interest in order to publicise their work, this does not mean that set a negative example (however,
they should not be able to say 'no'. although)
2 anonymously published internet
news is unreliable I many people
rely on it as a main source of
information (despite, while)
3 false reports of celebrity deaths are
common I some people still believe
them (while, however)
4 the scandal damaged his reputation
I he still has millions of fans
(although, despite)

10 A Write notes for the four sections of

a discursive essay on one of the other

-
topics in Exercise 7 A.
B Write the essay (250-300 words).
 U•W-1:@!J;t-11
THE PRESS

1 A What do you think are the most popular topics

in newspapers? Read the article below and check
your ideas.

I
In an age when quality newspapers are seeing a serious drop
in circulation, tabloid journalism is in no danger of dying
out. Six topics always guarantee sales:
1 Scandal - the public loves glimpses into the lives of the rich,
famous and powerful and scandal fuels tabloid sales. ADDING EMPHASIS
2 Money- everyone wants it, and some people will stop at
nothing to get it. Many tabloids have a regular feature about 2 A Work in pairs and look at tabloid headlines A-F
money. above. What do you think the stories are about?
3 Babies - whether it's because they were born in a taxi or
can speak two languages from birth, it seems we can't get B � 7.4 Listen to the conversations. Which
enough of them. headlines do they talk about?
4 Animals - flip through any tabloid and you'll find a heart­ C Listen again. What surprises the woman most in
warming story about a brave dog, or a cat that's befriended a each story?
mouse.
5 Royalty - hardly a day goes by that a 'royal' doesn't make an
appearance in a morning edition. 3 A Work in pairs. Underline the phrases that the
speakers use to add emphasis.
6 Winners - from lottery winners to Olympic gold medallists,
a winner on the front cover guarantees high sales. 1 The amazing thing is that the tiger ran off.
2 Wow, there's no way I'd do that!
Bold headlines, plenty of appealing photos, a low price
and a colour supplement or two make tabloids the perfect 3 You're the one who's always telling me to stop.
escape from real life. They aren't afraid to be biased and 4 That is so wrong!
show their opinion, most strikingly in the editorial page, 5 That's totally outrageous!
which tends to be direct and aggressive in stating the editor's
position on major issues. The public want excitement and 6 I do think they should do something about it.
sensationalism, and tabloids deliver. 7 That is a good idea.
8 How on earth did he catch it?
B Match meanings 1-8 with the words in bold in 9 That's such an amazing thing!
the article. 10 Absolutely incredible!
1 a popular newspaper, half the size of a standard B Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
newspaper, with few serious stories tabloid 1 What is the difference between so and such?
2 the section that gives the paper's opinion 2 In sentence 6, what is unusual?
3 a special report or article about a topic 3 In sentences 5 and 10, what other modifiers could
4 giving a single point of view, unfairly be used with the adjectives?
5 an extra section of a newspaper which can be 4 How is the beginning of sentence 3 different from
pulled out, often a magazine 'You're always telling me ...'?
6 reporting news to make it sound as exciting as 5 In sentence 8, what expression is added to a
possible question word to show surprise?
7 the set of newspapers which are published at the C � 7.5 SENTENCE STRESS Work in pairs and
same time mark the main stresses in the sentences in Exercise
8 the number of newspapers sold in a day or week 3A. Listen and check. Then listen and repeat.
C Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
,::::..
1 Which paper in your country is the most speakout Tl P
sensationalist/biased? The words that show surprise are usually stressed and
2 Which sections of a newspaper or online news do said with high intonation (pitch). It's a good idea to
you read first, e.g. sports, etc.? exaggerate when you practise this to help you get it right.

-
3 Which sections or stories do you never read?
[> page 154 VOCABULARYBANK [> page 140 LANGUAGEBANK
 LEARN TO ; :}l
MAKE GUESSES

5 A Work in pairs and try to complete the extract. Then

check your ideas in audio script 7.4 on page 171.
A: It's lucky the men noticed the baby.
B: Yeah, I 1 ___ they saw some movement.
A: Or 2___ they heard something.
B: What's that? The woman's bringing something.
A: It's 3 ___ to say but it 4 ___ like a cushion.
B: Yeah, it 5___ be a sofa cushion.
A: I 6___ they thought the baby might fall on it.
B: That 7___ be the luckiest baby alive.
B Which words in 1-7 above could be replaced by
words in the box?
difficult seems perhaps think might
's surely imagine

6 A � 7.6 Listen to the sound. What do you think

it is? Write down two ideas.
B Use the prompts to discuss the sound.
4A Rewrite the sentences to add emphasis using A: What I you I think I it I be?
the words in brackets and making any other B: hard I say I but I might I be (your first idea)
changes necessary.
A: think I sound/ like (your first idea)
Conversation 1 B: suppose I could I be (another idea)
50
A: Or I perhaps I be (another idea)
A: I'm}.angry with you. Why didn't you tell me about
B: Well/ think I it I be (final decision)
the party? (so) C � 7.7 Listen to five more sounds. Practise the
B: But I told you. A few minutes ago. (did) conversation after each one.
A: That's helpful! How am I supposed to get ready in
time? (really) SPEAKING [ ;'ii�
B: But you said you never want to go to parties. (one)
?A Work in pairs and look at the categories. What do
Conversation 2 you think the top five are for each category?
A: Dave's good-looking but she's crazy about Will.
The top five ...
(absolutely) 1 most dangerous animals
B: It's sad. Dave adores her. (the sad thing) 2 countries with the tallest people
3 cities for art lovers
A: Yeah, and he's really kind; a nice man. (such)
4 friendliest countries
B: What shall I say if he asks me about Will? (earth)
Conversation 3 A: I imagine the most dangerous animal is a tiger. What
do you think?
A: I'm quitting my job. It's badly paid and it's hard B: I'm not sure. I suppose it could be, but . . .
work. (so, such) B Work in groups and take turns. Student A: turn
B: I think you'll regret it. (do) to page 158, Student B: turn to page 160, Student
C: turn to page 161, Student D: turn to page 162.
A: You always say I should do what I want. (one) Student A: tell the other students your category
B: But you shouldn't just quit. (no way) and see how many items they can guess. Tell
them the answers they don't guess. Discuss which
B Work in pairs and add two more sentences to answers are the most surprising.
each conversation. Add emphasis to one of your

-
sentences in each conversation.
C Cover and practise the conversations.
7.4 0)) NEWS BLUNDERS

DVD VIEW f�;.

1 A Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 2 A Watch the DVD and make notes on which blunder:
1 How often do you watch the news? Are the • you found the funniest.
newsreaders in your country always serious? • you didn't find funny or didn't understand.
2 What are the pros and cons of working as a B Work in pairs. Number the blunders in the order
TV newsreader? they appear in the programme. Some have more
3 The name of the programme you're going to than one example (there are seven). Then watch the
watch is The Funny Side of the News. What do you DVD again and check.
think it's about? Malfunctioning equipment 1
B Read the programme information and answer People stumbling over their words
the questions. The wrong guest in an interview
1 Why are there more mistakes on TV news than An accident on a live programme
there used to be?

•
A: There was the bit where the woman . . .
2 How many different types of mistakes are 8: Yes, and there was the part where the guy . . .
mentioned?
C Complete extracts 1-5 from the DVD. Then watch
again and check.
tm)The Funny Side 1 So if it starts going ___, you're going to see it.
2 The ___ about rolling news ___ that you
of the News have to fill an awful lot of time ...
The Funny Side of ... is a BBC series that looks 3 I'm afraid we obviously have the wrong guest here.
at all the things that can go wrong on TV, from That's deeply ___ for us.
talent shows to wildlife programmes. Tonight it 4 But the undisputed ___ of the wrong guest
takes a look at TV news. As serious as news can division is the BBC News 24 incident the
be, mistakes and blunders are unavoidable. And charming but inappropriate Guy Goma.
with the introduction of 24-hour rolling news, 5 It goes to ___ just how much the public love a
mistakes have become more frequent and more good news blunder.
visible with newsreaders stumbling over their D Discuss. Which incident do you think was the
words and endless technical hiccups. From most embarrassing for the newsreader?
microphones malfunctioning to the wrong guest
being brought into the studio for an interview,
disaster is waiting to strike at any moment.

hesitating or making mistakes when speaking ___....._

2 happen suddenly and cause damage
3 small problems with machines
4 continuous
5 mistakes
6 going wrong (for a machine)
speakout a news story writeback a short summary
3 A � 7 .8 Listen to someone retelling a news story 4A Read the article and write down the one thing
about a man who swapped a paper clip for a house. that the man traded that is mentioned in the
Number the things he traded in the correct order. article but not in the recording.
a paper clip 1
a snow globe
a pen shaped like a fish Man trades paper clip for house
a house A Canadian man has made headlines by trading a paper
a door knob clip for a house. Bored blogger Kyle Macdonald started
a part in a film by exchanging small objects - a pen. a door knob, a neon
sign - but step by step the 26-year-old built up to items
of larger and larger value. and after one year his journey
from paper clip owner to homeowner was over.
B Listen again and tick the phrases you hear.

PHRASES
B Read the article again and do the tasks.
Did you [hear this story/see the news] about ... ?
1 Circle three different ways that Kyle Macdonald is
I [heard this story/read this article] about ... referred to in the story apart from he or his.
Apparently what happened was ... 2 Underline two places where the writer uses two
According to [the report/the guy on the news] ... different words for the same thing.
Anyway, so he ... 3 Put a box round two places where a word is
I don't remember all the details, but ... repeated. What effect does this have?
The [weird/strange/interesting thing] was ... C The article is exactly 60 words. Imagine your
editor tells you to cut it to exactly 45 words. Which
C Think about a recent news story. Make notes words could you omit without losing important
listing the events in the story and think about details (hyphenated words count as one word)?
which key phrases you can use.
D Write an article of exactly 60 words about one of
D Work in groups and tell each other your stories. the stories your group told in Exercise JD. You may
Ask follow-up questions and take notes. Which need to invent some details.
story was the most interesting?
E Student A: read your article aloud. Other
students: is it a summary of the story you told in
Exercise JD? If so, is it accurate?
·,!

C LOOKBACK

3A Rewrite the sentences in 5A Find and correct the mistakes.

reported speech. There is one extra word in each
1 Last week, an interviewer sentence.
asked me, 'What's your biggest 1 My hometown is such a so
weakness?' boring place.
2 The other day, a complete 2 I so do think that some people
stranger walked up to me and are very generous.
asked, 'What have you been 3 It's totally very ridiculous
doing lately?' that people have such short
3 Once, I was trying on trousers holidays.
and the shop assistant asked, 4 Why on the earth am I
B Work in pairs. Which type of 'Would you like to try a bigger learning English?
programme would you choose if size?' 5 Really, there's that's no way
you wanted to: 4 Every day, my flatmate says, I would ever borrow money
'Could you do the dishes?' and from a friend.
• laugh? then says, 'I'll do them next
• learn something? 6 My teacher was the one who
time.' she had the most influence on
• just relax and watch real 5 At the end of a first date, the me when I was young.
people? girl asked me, 'So when do you 7 Sometimes learning English is
• catch up on the news? want to get married?' so such difficult that I want to
• test your knowledge? 6 At 3a.m., my phone rang, give up.
and the caller asked, 'Are you 8 I like cooking, but the
sleeping?' surprising thing that is that I
never do it
2A Work in pairs and underline B Which question would
the correct alternative. The make you feel the most
sentences are about two people. uncomfortable?
1 Both/Few of us enjoy spending
time in airports.
2 None/Neither of us plays a 4A Complete the questions with
musical instrument. the correct form of a verb in the
3 We remember a large amount box. Add any necessary words.
of/quite a few of our dreams.
4 Both of us take a few/a little fletf:} quit lend make
sugar in our coffee. do pay be (xZ)
5 We both got hardly any/very 1 When was the last time you
few sleep last night. offered to helQ_ someone?
6 Neither/Both of us is allergic to 2 Do you find it easy to admit
anything. a mistake?
7 We like all/every type of music. 3 Would you ever agree ___
8 We would like to live in other! a friend a large amount of B Work in pairs and take
another country. money? turns. Student A: read one of
9 We spend several/a great deal ·4 Have you ever refused ___ your sentences from Exercise
of hours in the gym every a bill? SA. Student B: continue the
week. conversation using some of
5 Would you always apologise
10 We both like having few/a these follow-up questions.
late?
few minutes' sleep in the
afternoon.
6 Have you ever threatened
___ your job? Cfow do you mean?)
B Which sentences are true for 7 Have you ever been accused
you and your partner? Change ( In what way? [
too serious?
any that are not true. 8 Do you often promise ___
something and then simply (Why <not>? )
A: Do you enjoy spending time in
airports? forget? ,,... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ...,
( For ex amp l e? 'j
8: No. B Work in pairs and discuss the
A: Me neither. OK, so neither of questions above. What makes you
us enjoys spending time in say that?
airports.
IT'S A TOUGH CALL p92 FAIR SHARE p95 HAVE YOU GOT A MINUTE? p98 THE HUMAN ANIMAL p I 00
 .
8. I ;j IT , S A TO LJ G H c ALL
'·
0 past and mixed cond1t1onals
O connected speech. weilk forms
� collocat1ons. dcc1s1ons, compound ildJectives

II
M an misses
1 A Work in pairs. Look at the photos and read the
headlines. What do you think happened in each job interview
situation? Write two predictions about each one. to save baby
from train
A
B Read the articles and check your ideas.
C Look at statements 1-8 below. Who do you think
said each one? n unemployed Brooklyn man missed a job interview
1 I'm looking for something to support my family. for the best of reasons: He was saving the life of a
Delray Simmonds nine-month-old boy who was blown into the path
of an oncoming subway train by a gust of high wind. Like
2 Her face wasn't covered so I recognised her a superhero without a cape, Delray Simmonds jumped
immediately. onto the tracks and lifted the bleeding child - still
3 She said, 'I have a lot of money in that couch and I strapped into his stroller - to the safety of the platform as
really need it.' the train bore down on them. 'If he hadn't jumped down
4 I'm incredibly grateful, and my three other kids there, the baby wouldn't be alive,' said a worker at the
are too. station. 'Everybody thinks I'm some sort of superhero,'
the father of two said. 'I'm just a normal person. Anybody
s It was hard for him. I think that's why he came in would have done the same.' A friend of Simmonds
with his brother. thought differently. 'If that had happened to me, I might
6 Look, there's something in here. not have jumped.'
7 You shouldn't have done that. The out-of-work Brooklyn native was on his way to apply
8 We laid it all out and we were screaming. for a maintenance position at a warehouse. 'A strong gust
of wind blew,' he recalled. There was a woman with four
D Work in pairs and discuss. Who had the most
kids. One was in a stroller. The wind blew the baby onto
difficult decision: the three roommates, Simmonds the tracks.' He had no time to assess the situation. 'The
or McQuinn's father? Do you think you would have train was coming around the corner as I lifted the baby
behaved in the same way? from the tracks. I really wasn't thinking.'

a Naw York roommates flnd

840,000 in sofa
Three roommate s who bought a used couch for
$20 found
$40, 000 in cash stashed inside and returned
the money to
the 91-year-old widow who had hidden it there rdes t
. An Adelaide man made the ha
Cally Guasti said that she and her friends had his life this wee ken d: he
bought choi ce of .
the beat-up couch and a chair for $55 at a Salva o police
Army thrift store. They noticed the arm cushi
tion turned his ow n daugh ter ·mt
om a
weirdly lumpy. Then roommate Reese Werkhoven
ons were after recognising her p hoto rr .
opened . report about a recent stnng
a zipper on one arm and found an envelope. police
It contained r B"ll
I
$4. 000 in bubble-wrapped bills. Guasti, Werk
hoven and of bank robberies. Neighbou
heart�r oke n da
roommate Lara Russo opened the other arm Baugely says the
zipper and ghte�.
started mining the treasure stashed inside. They
counted was trying to p rotect his _dau.
it up: $40 ,800 . 'It's a really tough situ at10n.
e done
Later on. Guasti found a deposit slip with a woma
n's Bauge1y sa1'd, 'But I would hav
name on it. and then phoned her. They drove e thin g.'
to the home the sam
of the woman. who cried in gratitude when uinn was allegedly seen
they gave her Twcnty-seven-ye�r-ol� Anne McQ rp
the cash she had hidden away. William reet, at the Sunco
St
Guasti said the three had considered the optio at the St George Bank m Kmg nea rby Elizabe th in_ the
t a ban k in
n of Bank in Grenfell Street . and a ice
keeping the money, but decided they could
n't do that. Lander s of the Adelaide pol
It went against their principles. 'At the end Past few months. Sergeant Tom . 1
'th the wom an' s unc Ie.
of the day, it station w
wasn't ours,' Guasti said. 'I think if any of us said, 'The father came I·nto the rne t, and wer e su re it
.
had used it, the pho tos on TV and the inte
it would have felt really wrong.· They'd seen
was McQuinn.'
t to put off the decision
Police say the father didn, t wan
. was his daughter and came in imm ediately. 'The
once he saw it lly had no
r,' sai'd police. 'He rea
sur veillance photos were clea

-
doubt it was her.' . not
friends wer. e supportive. but
The father said. most Of his , the guy wa nts
r y Comber sa1d, 'OK

��--��-
everyone. Local res1dent Ger own dau ght ?
er. '
o turns ,m thei
to do the right thing, but wh
r
VOCABULARY >)'. GRAMMAR 'f!�,,
COLLOCATIONS: DECISIONS PAST AND MIXED
CONDITIONALS
2A Find verbs in the articles to complete the word webs.
4A Look at the sentences and
postpone underline all the verbs.
1 I think if any of us had used it, it
would have felt really wrong.
a decision
2 If that had happened to me, I might
not have jumped.
reach arrive at stick to betray 3 I would have done the same thing.
4 If he hadn't jumped down there, the
evaluate baby wouldn't be alive.
B Work in pairs and answer the
a situation
questions about sentences 1-4 above.
1 Do they refer to real or hypothetical
situations?
explore look into
2 Does each sentence refer to the
past, or to the past and present?
B Each word web has two pairs of words with similar meanings. 3 Sentence 3 has only one (result)
Draw a line to connect each pair. clause. Why is it unnecessary to
have a conditional clause? In the
C Match two collocations from Exercise 28 to each definition. second text find another example
1 choose to do one thing or another arrive at a decision, of a result clause on its own.
2 delay deciding C Complete the rules with the words
3 be faithful to what you believe is right in the box.
4 do something that you don't believe is right
5 look at a situation in detail modal (x2) past perfect have
infinitive past �a r_ ticip le____�
6 judge a situation _ _ _ _ _

3 A Read the extracts from a web forum below. Complete the texts :a
c
1 In the conditional clause use:
with the correct form of the verbs from Exercise 2A. More than the to talk about
one answer is possible. the hypothetical past.
2 In the result clause use:
a) + +
At the stor-e my food came to $10. I gave the cashier
_____ to talk about
$20 but she gave me $100 in change. Obviously, she
the past.
thought she'd given me a $10 note. I 1 the
b) _____ + _____to
situation - I needed money badly, it was her mistake.
talk about the present.
Should I 1_______
_ _ my principles and keep the money
although I knew she might have to pay the missing cash
back herself? In the end, Ii ______________a decision. 5 � 8.1 CONNECTED SPEECH: weak
forms Listen and match the words in
The night before my final school exams, a classmate sent bold in sentences 1-4 with the weak
me an email with the exam answers in an attachment. forms a)-d). Then listen again and
What should I do? Ignore the email or·' the repeat .
situation by asking him why he'd sent it and who else he'd 1 I would have done the same.
sent it to7 I really wanted to O my principles 2 I might have behaved differently.
and do the exam without cheating. I 6_____ _ _the
3 I wouldn't have been so brave.
decision by going to bed. In the morning, it was clear to
4 I couldn't have done what he did.
me what to do .
a) /'ma1tav/
b) /'kudantav/
B Work in pairs and discuss. c) /'wudantav/
1 What do you think each person did? Do you think that was a d) /'wudav/
good decision?
2 Can you remember a time when you took a long time to reach a
C> page 142 LANGUAGEBANK

-
decision or where you decided to stick to your principles?
6 Read the situations 1-3 and complete the
sentences a) and b) with the correct form of the COMPOUND ADJECTIVES
verbs in brackets.
1 A hiker saved two strangers lost 8A Work in pairs and discuss. How could you
on a snowy mountain by sharing reword these phrases without using the compound
his food and water with them and adjectives?
risking his own life. 1 the 91-year-old widow
a) If they ___ (be) more 2 $4,000 in bubble-wrapped bills
prepared when they set out 3 bank-robbing daughter
that morning, he ___
(not need) to risk his own life. B Work in pairs and find a compound adjective
b) They ___ (be) dead now above which is formed with:
if he ____ (leave) them 1 a past participle
there. 2 a present participle (verb+ -ing)
2 A 39-year-old man saved a woman by pulling 3 a number and measure of age/time
her out of her burning car, which exploded
,:::::..
moments later. spealcout Tl P
a) They both ___ (could die) if it-�- (take) Compound adjectives are made up of two or more
any longer to pull her out.
words that form a single idea. They often have hyphens.
b) Most of the other people there ___ (not do) With phrases expressing quantity, do not use a plural:
that.
nine-month-old baby NOT nine months o.'<:I baby
3 A woman found a winning lottery ticket and used
the money to buy a house. Later she had to return
C Complete the sentences using a compound
the money to the original owner of the ticket, who
adjective formed from the underlined words.
still had the receipt proving he had bought it.
1 The baby is three days old. She's a ...
a) I ___ (feel) pretty bad if I ___ (do) what
that woman did, and if I'd been caught. 2 I like clothes that people make by hand. I like ...
b) If the man ___ (not save) the receipt, he 3 That wall is 15 metres high. It's a ...
___ (might never recover) the money. 4 That moment changed my life. It was a ...
5 The TV series has run for a long time. It's a ...

SPEAKING . ;�;�r 6 The course is five years long. It's a ...

7 Elaine Jones has very good qualifications.
She's very ...
? A Think of decisions you've made: good and bad, 8 Research is an activity that consumes a lot of time.
easy and hard, major and minor. Look at the topics It's a ...
for ideas, and make notes about two situations.

ol
9A Rewrite the sentences using a compound
a subject you chose to study at scho
. ..--. ·-··"· adjective that expresses the meaning in brackets.
1 A child shouldn't be left alone at
a job you accepted or turned home. (one who is twelve years old)
down ]
1
2 All outdoor cafes should be _____ . (you
a trip you took, or almost took can't smoke there)
3 A holiday is too long. (it lasts
an activity you took part in or two months)
avoided
4 It's hard for me to remember names, especially
a relationship y _____ names. (ones that sound odd)
ou got int o, or out f
o
5 Auto manufacturers should spend more money
developing a car. (solar energy
a school or university you chose to attend
powers it)
B Work with other students and take turns. Ask 6 I would never live at the top of a ______
and answer questions 1-5 about each situation. building. (it's twenty storeys)
Who had the most difficult decision? B Tick (./) the statements you agree with, and
1 Where did it happen? put a cross (.X) if you disagree. Then discuss with a
2 What happened leading up to the situation? partner.
3 How did you feel, and what did you do? I> page 155 VOCABULARYBANK
4 What else could you have done?
5 Would you do the same again?
 l<
.f

FAIR SHARE e-ingformandinfinit1ve

O connected speech: intrusive /w/ 8.2
� values

The Ultimatum Game The Dictator

You have been given £10. Game
You have to offer some of
this money to your partner. You have been given £10.
If your partner accepts your offer. You have to offer some of
you split the money as agreed. this money to your partner.
If your partner rejects the offer. Your partner has no choice
neither of you keep anything. and has to accept your offer.
You must decide how much You must decide how much
money to offer to your partner. money to offer to your partner.

SPEAKING : B Write the words in bold in Exercise ZA next to

their meanings.
1 A Work in pairs and discuss. Read the instructions 1 being kind and willing to give
above for The Sharing Experiment, two games that 2 threatening behaviour
test people's behaviour. What do you think the 3 a situation where people have the same rights
games show about people?
4 the ability to make someone do something (2 words)
B Work alone. Imagine you are playing the games. 5 being reasonable in judgement (2 words)
Write an amount from £0-£10. 6 strong desire for more money, food or other things
1 The Ultimatum Game:
C Discuss in pairs. Does each sentence in Exercise
I would keep£ ___ and offer my partner ZA refer to the Ultimatum Game, the Dictator Game
£ ___. The lowest I would accept from my or both?
partner is£ ___.
2 The Dictator Game:
I would keep£ ___ and offer my partner£___ .
C Compare your ideas with other students and
discuss the questions. 3 A � 8 .2 Listen to two people, Heather and
1 How different are your results? Dominic, play the Ultimatum Game and answer
the questions.
2 What did the two games show about your personality?
3 Do you think you would behave differently in a 1 How much did Dominic offer Heather?
real-life situation than you did in the game? 2 Did she accept?
3 What reasons does Dominic give for his decision?
4 What does Heather say about the decision?
VOCABULARY :�:7 5 What was the lowest amount Heather would have
VALUES accepted?
B Discuss in pairs. Did anything surprise you about
2 A Work in pairs. Match 1-6 with a)-f) to make the outcome of the game? How do you think Heather
sentences. and Dominic will behave in the Dictator Game?
1 I think it shows that you have a sense of fairness, d C � 8.3 Listen to them play the Dictator Game
2 It brings out aggression in people. In fact, and answer the questions.
3 I enjoyed being in control 1 How much did Dominic offer Heather?
4 Here there's no equality because 2 What reasons does he give for his decision?
5 I imagine some people give more than they have to 3 What does Heather say about the decision?
6 There's no justice in this game,
D Work in groups and discuss.
a) just as there's none in real life. I felt cheated and 1 How different were Dominic and Heather's results
hard done by. from yours in Exercise lB?
b) and that's why I kept all the money for myself. I'm 2 How much do you identify with the reasons
surprised at my own greed. Dominic gave for his decisions in either game?
c) one person has less power. 3 How much do you identify with Heather's
d) especially if you split it 50-50 even though you reaction? Were your reactions very different?
don't have to.
e) and that sort of generosity always surprises me.
f) I think someone might try to hurt the other person.

MrW
 GRAMMAR � 5 A � 8.4 Work in pairs. Complete
-ING FORM AND INFINITIVE each sentence with an alternative that
means the same as the modal verb in
4 A Check what you know. Complete the article using the correct brackets. Then listen and check.
form of the verb in brackets. Use the -ing form, the infinitive 1 I don't want to have to refuse.
or the infinitive+ to. (must)
2 I hate argue to get my
way. (must)
AN EXPERT COMMENTS ON 3 I don't seem to stand
�
,.... The Uitimatum Game up for myself. (can)
4 I enjoy offer people
Research shows that people tend 1 to respond (respond) differently help. (can)
depending on their cultural context and other factors. In Japan, players B CONNECTED SPEECH: intrusive /w/
offered twice as much as those in Peru. But don't make the mistake of
Work in pairs. In sentences 1-4,
_____ (think) that Japanese are more generous than Peruvians.
circle to where it is pronounced /ta/
Perhaps 3_____ (be) generous in the game means you want people
4 (think) you are in real life. The game gives you the chance and draw a box around it where it is
_____ (act) unselfishly or not; some people are playing pronounced /tu:w/.
_____ (impress) people. If it's important to someone 7_____ C Listen again and check. What is
(see) as fair, it's easy 8 (act) that way in the game because the rule? Then listen and repeat.
it's just a game.
The Dictator Game is very interesting because no one would imagine a genuine 6 A Cross out the incorrect forms in the
dictator really 9 (share) money. True, some players would sentences.
10
(keep) everything, but most people let their partner 1 I would rather being/to be/be a
11 (have) a share of the money. Interestingly, most five-year-olds victim of unfairness than an
will 12 (share) at least half of the money- they're not unfair person.
· interested in 13 (have) the most. My opinion is that deep 2 It's good that some parents make
down most human beings would rather 14 (cooperate) and their children working/to work/work
avoid 15 (exploit) others, in the game and in real life . from an early age.
3 Everyone is capable of cheating/
to cheat/cheat another person, given
B Work in pairs and discuss. What surprised you the most? Do the right circumstances.
you agree with the last sentence? 4 Beware of anyone who says they
C Work in pairs. Look at the verb forms 1-15 in the article and can't stand losing/to lose/lose, as
complete the table. they'll do anything to win.
5 A child should being/to be/be taught
-ing form, infinitive example when and how to be generous ...
or infinitive+ to 6 ... but not just earning/to earn/earn
after a preposition the praise of others.
7 It's better giving/to give/give than
to express purpose receiving/to receive/receive.
after let someone or make 8 Being/To be/Be good is easy; what is
someone difficult is being/to be/be just. (Victor
as part of a semi-fixed Hugo)
phrase, e.g. It's important/ B Look at the sentences above. Tick
easy and the chance (,/) two that you agree with, and put
as a subject or object (or a cross (.X) next to two you disagree
part of one of these) with.
after modal verbs C Work in groups and compare your
ideas. Who in your group agreed with
after certain verbs, e.g. you the most?
enjoy, avoid, imagine
after certain verbs, e.g. .,:::::,.
infinitive+ to 1 speak:out Tl P
want, would like, tend
Record patterns after verbs and phrases,
after had better, would e.g. would rather (do), and write an
rather
example: I'd rather stay at home. How

-
might you record these phrases: look
[> page 142 LANGUAGEBANK forward to ... , had better ... ?
WRITING :� 8A Work in pairs. Look at the linkers of purpose in
AN INFORMAL ARTICLE; LEARN TO USE bold in the article and answer the questions.
LINKERS OF PURPOSE 1 Which linkers are followed by:
a) an infinitive? so as to (bring)
?A Read the article and choose the best title. b) a subject+ verb?
a) Learn to be aggressive c) a noun?
b) Life isn't fair 2 Which two linkers can also be used in more formal
c) Change the things you can situations?
3 How do you change the following underlined
linkers to make the sentences negative?
Do you hate it when people treat you unfairly? If you
get a lower grade than you deserve, or you miss out on a Count to ten in order to lose your temper.
promotion, do you lie awake all night fuming? Well, here Control your emotions so as to act with aggression.
are some things you can do about it to help you get past all B Rewrite the sentences replacing the underlined
that negativity. linkers with the ones in brackets.
First of all. it's important to remember that for a
positive outcome, you need to maintain a positive attitude. 1 A good leader treats everyone equally in order to
It's much more difficult to change something if you're make everyone feel valued. (so that)
feeling angry or upset. If you know you're in the right, 2 When I'm upset I usually phone my sister to chat. (for)
develop a can-do attitude so as to bring some positive
energy to the situation.
3 It's important to check everyone in a team reaches
Second. you have to get yourself to think rationally a decision together, because if you don't, someone
so that it's your head not your heart that dictates what will be left behind. (so as not to)
you do. Don't get emotional because that'll only result in 4 In a good relationship, it's important to sit down
you making the situation worse; I've often made that together from time to time so that you make sure
mistake and lived to regret it. If you want to stand up for everything is OK. (to)
yourself or for someone else, you need to stay calm. That's
how I managed to get a promotion recently after a long 5 Never make a decision late at night. Sleep on it
fight for justice. to let your brain continue working overnight and
Finally. you need to recognise the difference between you'll wake up knowing what to do. (because)
things you can do something about, and things you can't. 6 In a family, it's good to have a list of tasks for each
For example, once someone bumped into my car and drove person, because then no one is given the feeling
away, and I couldn't really do anything about it; I had to
accept the situation in order to move on. If on the other
they are doing more than their fair share. (in order
hand you see someone being unkind to someone else, you not to)
can say something to the person to change their behaviour
as long as you do it clearly, firmly and unemotionally. They 9A Work in pairs and brainstorm a list of main
may not respond exactly as you'd like, but you'll have a ideas for an article about one or two of the
better chance of influencing them. following topics:
With these ideas in mind, you can become much better • how to control your temper
at dealing with unfairness, and you might even have a
positive influence on situations as well as people.
• how to make decisions
• how to work as a team or a family
• how to have a good marriage or relationship
• how to do something that you know a lot about
B Underline the correct alternative and give • how to be a good leader or teacher
a reason.
B Choose the topic you like and discuss ideas for
1 The article is probably for a student magazine/
opening/closing paragraphs. Then write the article
serious newspaper.
(250-300 words).
2 The aim of the article is to describe/give advice.
3 The topic sentence is at the beginning/end of each . . .. .... "- · · �.... ... .. ·- ·- �- .. ·-
main paragraph. \ .. _ \,- ,.. ... . . ,.... ··-· •1. ,,,_
. . -- �... -· �"' 1:

C Work in pairs and read the guidelines. Are they

true (T) or false (F)? Find examples in the article.
In an informal article you should:
1 give personal examples.
2 use the pronouns I and you.
3 avoid contracted forms.
4 use conversational language.
5 use linkers to help structure the article.
6 use questions to the reader.
7 avoid multi-word verbs.
8 use the passive where possible.
 VOCABULARY . �7.'!::
BEHAVIOUR
1 A Look at the pairs of adjectives. Are they similar (S)
or different (D) in meaning? Use a dictionary to check.
1 supportive - unhelpful
2 diplomatic - tactful
3 sensitive - sensible
4 confrontational - collaborative
5 aggressive - assertive
6 direct - focused
B Which adjectives in Exercise lA become
opposites by adding/removing a prefix/suffix?
supportive - unsupportive
C Work in pairs. Which adjectives above describe
your manner when:
• you break bad news to someone? 3 A � 8.5 Listen to the conversation . Are the
• a friend is down or in trouble? statements true (T) or false (F)? Correct the false
• making a complaint? statements.
• you work on a project with someone? 1 Liz owes Jim a small amount of money.
• you are driving or cycling? 2 She wants to pay him back immediately.
• trying to sort out a problem between two friends? 3 She doesn't always keep her promises.
I think I'm tactful but also quite direct if I have to break 4 Jim wants her to pay a set amount of money each
bad news to someone. week.
[> page 155 VOCABULARYBANK B Listen again. Tick the tips in Exercise 28 that the
man follows.

FUNCTION . :"Ji 4A Complete phrases 1-5. Then look at the audio

script on page 173 and check.
HANDLING AN AWKWARD SITUATION
Preparing the listener
2 A Work in pairs. Look at situations 1-3 and photos There's something I've been 1___ to talk to you
A-C. What would be the best way to handle each about .
situation?
Giving the message
1 Your colleague has loud, personal conversations It's 2___ that ...
on the phone when you're trying to work .
I hope you don't 3 ___ this the wrong way, but ...
2 A flatmate of yours keeps borrowing money and
I don't want you to get the wrong idea, but ...
never pays you back.
3 You're the manager of an elegant restaurant and a Getting the other person's point of view
waiter has come in with unkept hair. Do you know 4___ I mean?
B Work in pairs. Read the tips and discuss. Do you see where I'm coming from?
How does that 5___?
8 � 8.6 SENTENCE STRESS AND INTONATION
Listen and underline the stresses in the phrases.
Tips for talking things through Does the voice rise or fall at the end of each
Sometimes we have to raise topics with someone which we phrase? Why?
find embarrassing or awkward. Following these five tips will 1 There's something I've been meaning to talk to
help smooth the process and minimise hurt feelings.
you about.
1 Say clearly why you want to talk to them at the start. 2 I hope you don't take this the wrong way, but ...
2 Give the message clearly. Be specific.
3 Don't tell them what other people say or think. 3 I don't want you to get the wrong idea, but

-
4 Give them space to say what they think and feel. C Listen again and repeat.
5 Suggest a solution (if they don't).
[> page 142 LANGUAGEBANK
 LEARN TO 'LtL
SOFTEN A MESSAGE

6A Work in pairs. Read the sentences below. When

speaking, how could you soften the messages?
What extra words or sounds could you add?
1 It's not that. I hope you don't take this the wrong
way, but it's just that this isn't the first time I've
lent you money and you haven't paid it back. I
know it's not a lot, just small amounts each time,
but it adds up quickly. I don't know. Do you know
what I mean?
2 Actually, you've said that once before. I don't want
you to get the wrong idea, but it never happened.
And it makes things awkward. It makes me feel
annoyed. Do you see where I'm coming from?
B � 8.7 Listen to the sentences and add the
extra words or sounds you hear.
�
speakout TIP
Fillers can help you sound less confrontational and
allow thinking time. Some fillers (e.g. um, er, well, you
know, I mean, kind of), are used instead of a pause.
Modifiers (e.g.just, a bit, slightly, quite) often go before
an adjective and soften a strong message (e.g. I'm just a
5 Work in pairs and role-play the situation. Use the bit concerned = I'm VERY concerned).
flow chart to help.
Student A
there I something I I
I mean I talk I you / Student B
?A Work in pairs. For each situation below, write the
about.

�
���������-
Yeah. What I up? first two sentences of the conversation.
1 You've been driving your colleague to work for
over a month. He/She has never offered you
Well, look I don't I get
money for petrol.
I wrong idea, but ...
2 Your neighbour in a block of flats leaves bags of
rubbish in the hall for days. He/She eventually
takes them out but there's always a bad smell in
the hall as a result.
3 Your friend has long conversations on her mobile
when you're out together.
4 A friend often gives you a lift on his/her motorbike
but his/her driving is scary.
It I quite I annoying.I
know I I I mean? B Role-play one of the situations.
C Work with another student and role-play a
) sorry I I I not I thinking. ] different situation.
��������-.cc;,:
I I suggestion. I Why I 8 Work with other students. Decide on the three most
you I not I ask friends annoying things people do a) in your place of study
I call your mobile I or workplace b) at home.
instead of I land line?
You I mean I I I use I
phone I different room?
That I right. I How I
sound?
seem I reasonable. I
really I sorry.
[ No problem. I Forget.

¥€8
 DVD VIEW ,:-l�
1 A Work in pairs. Which gestures do you know? 3A Before watching, discuss:
Show your partner. 1 How many ways of shaking hands do you know?
1 shrug your shoulders 2 How do you say 'You're crazy!' with your hands?
2 cross your fingers B Watch the DVD. Does Morris mention or show
3 tap the side of your head any of the things you talked about in Exercise 3A?
4 give the thumbs up sign Which handshake and 'You're crazy!' sign did you
5 hold your hands out, palms up find the most interesting?
6 nod C Match the types of gesture to the countries. Then
7 shake your head watch the DVD again and check.
8 rub your thumb and first two fingers together
Shaking hands:
B What do these gestures mean in your country? 1 Masai elders a) shake and kiss hands
Do people there use any other gestures?
2 Mali, West Africa b) continue until a deal is struck
2 Read the programme information and correct the 3 Morocco c) briefly touch the forearm
sentences. 4 Kurdish farmers d) give a quick palm touch
1 Desmond Morris observed human behaviour even Saying 'You're crazy!':
though he's a bird-watcher. 1 Rome a) twist finger round and round
2 He created a classification system for words 2 England b) circle finger anticlockwise
people use with animals. 3 Japan c) put fingers together and tap forehead
3 His project took him over sixty years and he d) tap side of head with finger

•
travelled to many countries to complete it.
D Watch the DVD again and underline the correct
4 The programme looks at sign language. alternative.
1 I drew/directed his attention to the fact that over
the other side of the road there were two men who
D)TheHuman were gesturing/gesticulating in a particular way.
Animal 2 ... a major new project, one that was to keep my
interest/engross me for many years to come ...
t Desmond Morris is widely
known for his study of
3 I began making huge charts naming every facial
gesture/expression, every gesticulation, every
human behaviour, customs movement, every position/posture.
and rituals, a 'man-watcher' 4 Even the simplest human action
in the same way as some such as the handshake has
people are bird-watchers. countless differences!
Originally a zoologist, variations.
Morris decided to observe 5 The essential feature of
and classify human behaviour in much the handshaking is that it's
same way as he would observe animals - in his an equal/egalitarian
words 'to do for actions what dictionary makers act.
had done for words.' His project of cataloguing 6 They're all exactly
human gesticulation and movement took right for/fine-tuned
him to over 60 countries and engrossed him to the precise
for many years. In this programme in the context/situation
series, Morris focuses on fascinating customs in which they occur.
connected with greeting and on the meaning
of different gestures.
speakout advice for a visitor writeback cross-cultural article
4A � 8.8 Listen to some advice for visitors to the SA Read the short article giving advice on an aspect
USA. Is there anything that surprised you? of behaviour in Britain. Which topics in Exercise 4C
does it mention?
B Listen again and tick the key phrases that you hear.
B Which things are the same as in your country?
--.. =HRASES
When people meet, they tend to ...
It's considered [good/bad] manners to ... Body language in Britain:
If you're not used to it, it can seem strange at first. Keep your distance
It's not uncommon for people to ...
British people are friendly, but there are some important
Having said that, don't be surprised if ... things every visitor should know when spending time
It's [unacceptable/perfectly acceptable] to ... with them.
When you meet someone for the first time, it's
normal to shake hands firmly, both in formal
C Work in pairs or groups. Choose a country both and semi-formal situations. On subsequent
of you know and prepare advice for visitors. meetings, this is not usually expected unless you haven't
• Choose from the topics below and make notes on seen someone for a while. While the habit of exchanging
Do's and Don'ts for visitors. kisses is a growing trend amongst younger people, it
• For each point, say why it is important and what should not be initiated by visitors and should generally
be restricted to family members and to people you have
can go wrong if a person doesn't know about the already met and like.
particular behaviour. In terms of personal space, British people feel

Going out with friends - who pays? I [ Time keeping J uncomfortable if you stand too close, so try to keep
some distance. Also it's important to make eye contact
when talking to Brits, but don't overdo it, or you'll come
Personal space, eye contact, Using names (first? last? across as rude or impolite. Gestures such as hugging
posture, voice title, e.g. Mr?) and backslapping are not recommended. On the whole,
British people tend to be less demonstrative than some
Payi ng/tipping in a other nationalities. They do not raise their voices or use
restaurant
gestures a lot to emphasise a point and shouting is never
Special gestures Saying goodbye acceptable.

I:
If you keep these points in mind, you'll have a much
more comfortable, enjoyable visit to Britain.
Going to someone's house for a meal

D Present your information to other students.

When you listen to other students, make notes of C Write a short article (150-200 words) giving
anything you didn't know before. advice to a foreign student or business person
coming to your country. Choose one or two topics
from Exercise 4C to focus on.
D Read other students' articles. What information
do you find that you didn't know before?
8.5 (c LOOKBACK
O VALUES � C Work in pairs and take
turns. Student A: read one of
1 Underline the correct alternative 3 A Add the vowels to complete your sentences. Student B: ask
in each sentence. the questions about values. follow-up questions.
1 I had no time to evaluate/stick 1 Is it possible to have f_ _ rn_ss A: The worst part of my job is . . .
to the situation and had to act without _q_ _l_ty? How about B: Oh, why is that?
quickly - it was too dangerous when a disadvantaged person
to postpone/reach the decision is given special treatment?
till later. 2 If kids play team sports, are
2 I always try to betray/stick to they more likely to learn
my principles and never go cooperation or _ggr_ss_ _n?
against/arrive at them. 3 How can g_n_r_s_ty be used 5 A Correct the mistake and
3 You should explore/follow the as a way of gaining c_ntr_l add the missing word in each
situation thoroughly and not over people or a situation? sentence.
be afraid of doing/putting off you
4 If you were a judge with total
the decision. 1 Excuse me, Wendy. Do/,.have a
p_w_r, would you be able to moment
4 We would like to take more practise perfect j_st_c_, and ffiOflUffiel'it?
time to betray/assess the never show favour towards
situation before we arrive anyone - even family and 2 There's nothing I've meaning
at/follow a final decision. friends? to talk to you about.
5 You can press a button and
eliminate either gr_ _d or 3 Look, I want you to get the
ignorance from the face of the right idea, but ...
earth. Which one would it be?
2 A Underline the correct B Work in pairs and ask and 4 It that just I've noticed that ...
alternative in each sentence.
answer the questions. 5 I feel brighter if ...
1 If I hadn't started studying
English, 6 How you fill about that?
a) I might study/might have
studied another language. B Work in pairs. Choose one
of the situations below and
b) I wouldn't go/wouldn't have 4 A Complete the sentences with practise the conversation.
gone to university. the correct form of the words in Student A: use all of the
c) I wouldn't be/wasn't able to brackets. sentences from Exercise SA in
watch films in English. 1 The most difficult thing about order. Then choose another
2 If I'd had the chance to live in my day is to and situation and exchange roles
a different country, from work. (travel) with Student B.
a) I wouldn't take/would have 2 I've always been able ____ • telling a colleague that their
taken it. new words just by _____ clothing isn't appropriate for
b) I would find/would have them. (learn, hear) the workplace
found it very hard to make a 3 It's not very good for a person • telling a friend that they
decision about where. ---- alone when always forget your birthday
c) I would choose/would have they're depressed. (be) and it bothers you
chosen to live in Spain. 4 I never have time ____ • telling a student they didn't
3 If computers hadn't been the things I really want to do. pass an important exam
invented, (do)
a) the world would be/had 5 a bike is one of Excuse me, Juan. Do you have
been a less open place. my favourite ways of relaxing. a moment? There's something
b) people would spend/have (ride) I've been meaning to talk to you
about ...
spent more time together 6 I study English for an hour a
now. day but I keep the
c) my parents would end same mistakes! (make)
up/have ended up in 7 I enjoy films in
different jobs. English. (able I watch)
B For each sentence, circle the 8 a uniform is the
ending a), b) or c) that is most worst part of my job. (have I
true for you. wear)
C Work in pairs and compare B Tick any sentences you agree
your ideas. with. Make the others true for you.
WITNESS p I 04 SCAM pl07 IT'S AN EMERGENCY! p I IO SURVIVAL p I I 2
 VOCABULARY :��. Memories on trial
CRIME Even in these days of DNA tests and other
forensic techniques. witness testimony still plays
1 A Work in pairs and discuss. What crimes are the an important part in court cases. But how reliable
most common in your city/town? are our memories? BBC Focus magazine's Andy
Ridgway finds we know less than we think ...
B Work in pairs and complete the newspaper
extracts with the crimes in the box.
kidnapping hacking stalking vandalism
identity theft bribery counterfeiting mugging
arson shoplifting
1 A teenager has been accused of ______
after he was seen setting fire to an empty factory.
2 He was jailed for five years for into
government computer systems.
3 There has been a reduction in in
stores after the introduction of more security
guards.
4 A man has been found guilty of ______
film star Halle Berry. He followed her everywhere.
5 There have been several cases of of
foreign journalists. In the latest case, a demand
was made for $500,000.
6 is a problem, with officials
accepting money from companies that want to do
business in the country.
7 There were no witnesses to the act of _____ 2A Work in pairs and discuss. Do you have a good
in which a statue was damaged. memory? What do you remember easily? What do
you have difficulty remembering?
8 Police arrested three people for ______
dollars. More than a million fake $50 bills were B Read the article and find two examples of false
found. memories.
9 Banks revealed that cases of have C Read the article again. Are statements 1-6 true
doubled. Customers are warned to keep PIN (T) or false (F)? Underline any words/phrases that
numbers more secure. help you decide.
10 The increase in CCTV cameras has cut cases of
1 In court, evidence from a witness is not important
late-night in town centres.
if there are other kinds of evidence.
C Complete the table for the words in Exercise lB. 2 Forty percent of people in one study were able
Use your dictionary to help if necessary. Add any to give a full description of the film of the bus
other crime vocabulary you know. exploding in Tavistock Square.
crime person verb 3 A poor memory doesn't usually matter in
day-to-day life, according to the article.
arson arsonist to commit
4 In 1998, in the USA, almost all major criminal
arson
cases depended entirely on witness evidence.
hacking
5 The rumour about the white van was started by
D Work with other students and discuss. one witness.
6 One in five witnesses makes a mistake in ID parades.
1 Which ones do you think are the most serious
crimes and which are more minor offences? D Look at the article again. What do the six
2 Are any of the crimes serious problems in your highlighted words refer to? Draw an arrow
country? backwards or forwards to the word/phrase.
3 Do you know anyone who has had experience Most of us have some�of the 2005 terrorist
of any of these crimes?
attacks in London(!ifould well be a mental image of ...

-
E Work in pairs and discuss. Who/What does the
author blame for false convictions? Would you
make a good witness?
 In ID parades. forty percent
of witnesses identified the In many cases. an unreliable memory
is not a problem. It just means we forget to
police's suspect. send a birthday card on time or a story we
In forty percent of cases tell at a party is not one hundred percent
no identification was made. accurate. But sometimes the contents of
In twenty percent of cases our memories can have huge consequences
- putting people behind cafes or even, in the
they pointed to a volunteer. ' USA, on Death Row.
In 1998, an American study calculated
that in ninety-five percent of felony cases -

M
the more serious crimes - witness evidence
ost of us have some recollection of the explosion to create an image in (in other words, people's memories) was
of the 2005 terrorist attacks your mind, you're not alone. In fact. the only evidence heard in court. In
in London. It could well be a in a study carried out by Dr James Ost the UK, despite DNA and other forensic
mental image of a red double-decker bus at the University of Portsmouth. forty evidence being used more regularly. witness
in Tavistock Square with its roof ripped percent of people claimed to have seen memories are still a vital part of court
offby the force of the explosion. That's this nonexistent footage. Some even proceedings.
not surprising given the number of went on to describe what happened in Even before a case gets to court. a few
photographs of the damaged bus that vivid detail. false memories can get an investigation off
were carried in newspapers in the days Many of us think we have a good to a bad start. In the sniper attacks that took
after the attack. memory. After all, it's got us through the place in the Washington DC area in 2002,
But what about CCTV footage? Do occasional exam. But what Ost's study witnesses reported seeing a white van or
you remember seeing a video of the bus clearly demonstrates is just how easily truck fleeing several of the crime scenes. A
exploding? What can you see in that video? influenced our memories are. 'Facts' white vehicle may have been seen near one
Well, the truth is. you shouldn't be from the past can become confused in of the first shootings and the media began
able to see anything in your mind's eye our minds. And it can simply be the fact repeating this. When they were caught, the
because such CCTV footage simply doesn't that we've been asked about something, sniper suspects were actually driving a blue
exist. But don't worry. If it only took a such as a nonexistent video clip. that car. It seems many witness memories had
suggestion that you may have seen a video can alter our memory. been altered by the media reports. •

GRAMMAR ;· C Match rules 1-12 below with meanings a) or b).

Use the examples in Exercise 38 to help.
-ING FORM AND INFINITIVE
:a 1 remember a) do something that is one's
3A c
6i
Underline the correct alternative in sentences doing responsibility
1-3. Then check in the article. 2 remember b) have a memory of
1 Do you remember to see/seeing a video of the to do something
bus exploding? 3 forget doing a) not do something that is
2 Some even went on to describe/describing what 4 forget to do one's responsibility
happened in vivid detail. b) not have a memory of
3 It just means we forget to send/sending a birthday something
card on time.
5 stop doing a) finish an action
B Work in pairs and check what you know. What 6 stop to do b) finish an action in order to
is the difference in meaning between the pairs of do something else
phrases in bold?
7 go on doing a) do something after
1 a) I remembered to set the alarm before I left. 8 go on to do finishing something else
b) I remember thinking the building was quiet. b) continue an action
2 a) I forgot to buy tickets for the Adele concert. 9 try doing a) experiment with an activity
b) I'll never forget seeing Adele in concert. 10 try to do b) make an effort to do
3 a) Henri stopped to drink some coffee. something difficult
b) Then he stopped driving as he still felt tired. 11 regret doing a) be sorry about something
4 a) After lengthy training, Billy went on to become 12 regret to do you are about to do
a famous dancer. b) be sorry about something
b) Billy went on practising every day even when you did in the past
he was famous.
5 a) He tried to recall her name, but couldn't. 4 � 9. 1 CONNECTED SPEECH: elision Listen and
b) He tried going through the alphabet to write the sentences. Cross out letters at word
remember it. endings that are not pronounced. Then listen

-
6 a) We regret to inform you that the concert has and repeat.
been cancelled. I remembered to lock up.
b) And I regret spending so much on the ticket! [> page 144 LANGUAGEBANK
5 A Complete the questions with the correct form of the verbs
in the box.
ktt•X-M :mt-, aw PLus
DEPENDENT PREPOSITIONS
get study buy write hide take help become witness
think inform do
'1 AWork in pairs. Complete the
headlines with a preposition and the
1 If someone stole your wallet, would you run after them and correct form of the verbs in brackets.
try to get it back?
2 Have you ever forgotten a ticket for a train D FAKE POLICE OFF
__
ICEK
journey, then got caught? CHARGED _
3 If you were in a hurry and you saw an accident but there were _ LACE (steal)
£600 NECK
lots of people around, would you stop ?
4 Is there an event in your country you'll never
forget because it was so significant?
5 Is there anything thing you regret not when you
were a child?
6 Do you ever stay awake at night because you can't stop
______ about a problem?
7 Do you always remember ______ breaks when you're
studying hard? B Write the headlines in full. Which
8 Has anyone you knew as a child gone on famous? are active and which passive?
9 Have you ever tried on your hand as a way of l A fake police officer has been charged
reminding yourself to do something? with stealing a £600 necklace. passive
10 You open a letter that says, 'I regret · you that your C Complete the headlines using
application has been refused.' What's it referring to? a dependent preposition and the
11 How long do you think you'll go on English? correct form of the verbs in brackets.
12 Do you sometimes remember something 'in a Then check with a partner or in a
safe place' but find you've forgotten where you put it? dictionary.
B Work in pairs and ask and answer the questions. 1 Hacker suspected ______
government computers (access)
2 Student apologises _____
SPEAKING '..'f" in exam (cheat)
3 President blames 'greedy' banks
6 A Work alone. How would you have acted if you'd witnessed a ___ crisis (cause)
crime? Read situations 1-4 and make notes on what you would 4 Local girl dreams top
have done. Use questions a)-c) to help you. talent (become)
1 You caught a pickpocket trying to take your mobile and he 5 Agency criticised ______
threatened to hurt you if you called the police. size-zero models (employ)
2 You saw a friend shoplifting in a department store. 6 Train company bans teenager
3 You noticed a colleague stealing office supplies from your place _ _ ____ for one year (travel)
of work. 7 Mother thanks toddler _____
4 You witnessed your neighbour's teenage children committing an her life (save)
act of vandalism, e.g. spraying graffiti on the wall of their school. 8 Animal rights activists rescue
lobster (be eat)
a) Would you have intervened or try to stop the person?
b) Would you have reported the person to the authorities? 9 Jury clears actress ______
husband number three (murder)
c) If you'd been questioned by the authorities, would you have told
the truth? 10 Dolphin saves swimmer _____
(drown)
B Work in groups and compare your ideas.
8 A Work in pairs. Choose two of the
headlines above and write a news
article in three sentences.
B Work in groups and take turns.
Student A: read out your article.
Other students: close your book and
say the appropriate headline.
C> page 156 VOCABULARYBANK
SYNONYMS

1A Read the dictionary extract. Think of an example of a scam.

ow easily do you think you could be
scam /skif.m/ n [CJ informal a clever but dishonest way to get money
H taken in by a professional con artist?
Is it e asy for a well-dressed but
ill-intentioned stranger to deceive you and walk
From Longman Active Study Dictionary

B Work in pairs. Read the infographic and answer the questions. away with your money, credit cards or phone?
1 What are your answers to the first two questions in the text? Once you understand the basic principles of
street scams, you'll never fall for a scam again.
2 Which of the five scams can be done by one person?
C Match meanings 1-6 with two of the underlined verbs or
verb phrases in the infographic. Write the verb phrases in the
infinitive.
1) The Shoulder Surf
You're standing at the ATM and
1 act as if you're someone else pretend to be, some nice person asks if that's
2 trick someone your 20 euros on the ground. An
innocent question, or a trick to
3 cause somebody to not notice something distract you so they can snatch
4 take something quickly your card out of the slot?
5 believe a trick ......................................

ti
6 exchange one thing for another
-:;::::..
spealcout Tl P
2)The Fake
Police Officer
Use synonyms to improve your speaking and writing. You can a) notice If a man walked into a
synonyms when you read b) record them in your notebook c) look up k shop where you worked and
synonyms in a thesaurus or on the internet d) use synonyms when
writing to avoid repetition.
"9 pretended to be a police
officer, would he fQQ! you?
Rewrite the following, using synonyms for nice: Yesterday was very nice.

••
I had a nice meal at a nice restaurant with some nice people.
3) Escalator Jam
As you reach the bottom of the escalator,
suddenly there's a jam of people and you
LISTENING }: get bumped into. You drop your mobile, •

2 A [8 9.2 Listen to the conversations. Which two scams from

but a kind woman picks it up and
gives it back to you. Are yqu sure
e
the infographic happened to the people? she hasn't switched it for an
identical (but broken) one?
B Work in pairs and try to complete the statements. Then listen
again and check your ideas.
1 The thieves distracted Lise by .. .
2 She trusted the man because .. . 4) The Tourist Photo
3 She thought she was talking to the bank on the phone 'Can you take our photor It's just
one of many ways to divert your
because ... attention so the hustlers can easily
4 The thieves got her PIN code by ... grab your wallet or mobile or swap
5 The man in the jewellery shop was posing as ... it for an identical one.
6 He accused the woman of ...
7 He left the shop with ...
8 Dan thought that the man was going to ... 5) The Squirt
A stranger bumps into you and gets
3 Work in pairs and discuss the questions. ketchup all over your jacket! How nice
1 What should/shouldn't the people have done in each situation? that some people are helping you
wipe it off ... or are they just thieves
2 Why do you think people fall for scams?
posing as helpful passersby?
3 Have you read or heard about any other scams (over the phone,

-
internet or face-to-face)?
 GRAMMAR �
PAST MODALS OF DEDUCTION ? A Work in pairs. Student A: turn to
page 162. Student B: imagine the
4A Match sentences 1-7 with meanings a)-c).
following situation happened to you.
1 It can't have been the young couple because I was looking at Add some details about the place,
them all the time. time, the amount of money spent on
2 So it must have been stolen when I was taking the photo. the gifts and your feelings. Prepare to
3 He must have taken my bag when I wasn't looking. tell Student A.
4 He could have hidden it in his case.
5 The woman must have been working with the guy. It was [name of a festival] and
everyone was buying presents. I was
6 She couldn't have been a real customer.
in a shopping mall and I'd bought
7 But she might have had fake money. some games and a camera for
a) I'm almost certain this happened. people in my family. In the middle
b) I feel it's possible this happened. of the mall there was a big sign
c) I'm almost certain this didn't happen. saying 'Free Gift Wrapping', so I left
the presents with a woman there
B Complete the rules. Use the sentences in Exercise 4A to help. and collected them half an hour
1 To speculate or make a deduction about something that later. On the morning of [name
of festival], the kids opened their
happened in the past, use the modals:
presents and inside the boxes there
must I___ !___ !___ I___ + have+ ___
were just oranges and straw.
2 To emphasise that an activity was in progress, use modal+
have+ ___ + ___.
3 In the passive, use modal+ have+ ___+ ___. B Tell Student A the situation and
discuss these questions.
5 A � 9.3 CONNECTED SPEECH: past modals Listen to the 1 Who swapped the presents?
pronunciation of the past modals in connected speech. T hen 2 How did they trick people into
listen again and repeat. giving them the presents?
must have could have might have can't have couldn't have 3 Why didn't people notice that the
presents felt different?
/mAstav/ /kudav/ /ma1tav/ /ka:ntav/ /kudantav/
4 How do you think the scam was
B � 9.4 Listen to the phrases and repeat. done?
must have, must have been, It must have been great! C Now listen to Student A's situation
C> page 144 LANGUAGEBANK and discuss his/her questions.
D Turn to page 161 to see if your
6 A Complete the accounts of two scams. Use modals of deduction ideas were right.
and the verbs in brackets.

I was taking out money at an ATM. Just as my card came out,

a guy behind me said I'd dropped some money. Sure enough,
there was a twenty-euro note on the floor. I bent down, picked it
up and my card was gone ... and so was the man! He 1 ____
(drop) the twenty-euro note and pretended it was mine, or the
note 2 (fall) out of my wallet and he simply took
advantage of the situation. He 3 (pull) my card out
of the ATM when I bent down.

An estate agent was showing me a flat when she got a phone call
from another customer who wanted to put down a deposit on that
same flat. So I gave the agent my deposit, signed the contract, and
was given the key. When I went back later to move in, the key didn't
work ... and the agent didn't answer her phone number! The
woman 4 (be) an estate agent. She 5_____
(be) an imposter and the other customer 6 (work)
with her.

B Discuss in pairs. Which scam in Exercise 6A would be most

-
likely to fool you?
 ---

Taxis Money Tours

Be careful when taking taxis, Be careful around any major tourist sites. If someone offers a 'budget' tour,
especially at the airport. As an Pickpockets often work in gangs and will come up you may find that the price is
unsuspecting tourist, you may behind you while you're walking and unzip your cheap but you'll spend more time
find yourself charged up to three backpack or may 'accidentally' bump into you and at shopping places not on your
times the normal fare or in a taxi steal your money or mobile before passing these itinerary than the places you
with a driver who claims to have on immediately to a partner. Also, take care when intended to visit. This is because
no change. using an ATM. A tiny hidden camera may have your 'guide' is being paid by the
been installed to steal your card number and PIN. shopkeepers for taking you there.

• Never take a taxi without a • Keep your credit cards and larger sums of money • Book tours only with reputable
company name on its side. in a money belt under your clothes. companies.
• Always ask the approximate • Be sure to keep any money that you think you'll • Try to check with other visitors
fare before getting in. use that day loose in your pocket, so that you or with your hotel before
• Phone for a taxi ahead of time don't need to pull out large notes. booking a tour.
rather than catching one in the • Be particularly careful to cover the keypad when • Take time to look on the
street. you enter your PIN into an ATM machine. internet for reviews and
• Make sure you carry plenty of • Use ATMs inside a bank where they are less recommendations.
change with you. likely to have been interfered with.

WRITING .-:·,_ 9A Look at the verbs in bold in the leaflet and:

A 'HOW TO' LEAFLET; LEARN TO AVOID 1 put a!box!around two adverbs used before the verbs.
REPETITION 2 underline five verb phrases used before the verbs.
3 �the remaining four imperatives.
8 A Work in pairs. What advice would you give a visitor B Complete the rules and examples with words
to a city about how to avoid getting into trouble?
from the leaflet.
B Read the extract from a 'how to' leaflet for To avoid repetition when giving a list of advice:
tourists. Which ideas are different from the ones
1 use the adverbs always and _____
you discussed?
2 use a range of synonyms (words/phrases) in the
C Complete the guidelines for writing a 'how to' imperative:
leaflet with the words in the box. a) Make you
bullet points title fonts sections contracted b) Be to
subheading underlining c) Be particularly ______ to
d)Try _____
1 Give the leaflet an overall ------
e)Take ______ to
2 Divide the leaflet into different ______
each with its own short _____ 10 Write a 'how to' leaflet (200-250 words) on one of
3 Use different or so the following topics. Use a variety of ways to give
that it is easier for the reader to see the main advice and avoid repetition.
points before they start reading. • advice for people travelling solo
I+ Use when you are writing a list. • advice for internet banking

-
5 To make your leaflet more direct and informal, use • advice for passing exams
'you' and forms. • advice for joining a particular social networking site
• advice for (your own idea)
 SPEAKING ---:-0
1 A Work in pairs and look at the photos. What would you do if you
witnessed these situations?
B Work in pairs and discuss.
1 List three situations in which you think you should phone the
emergency services.
2 Read the reasons for calling the emergency services below.
Which reason do you think is the most ridiculous?
3 Do you think the person was justified in calling the police in any
of the situations?

Police are becoming concerned because a significant percentage of

calls to the emergency services are about everyday inconveniences and
problems or are simply ridiculous. Some of the silliest calls include:
• I need help with my maths homework.
• I'm having a bad dream. In fact this is part of it.
• My husband's snoring and I can't sleep.
• There's a squirrel on my porch and it's acting suspiciously.
• The weather report was wrong. And now I'm stuck in the snow.
• I'm stuck in traffic and need to get to the toilet.
• A boy promised to marry me and now he won't.
• I'm locked in a house. Not my house - I'm a burglar.

VOCABULARY ·,'.!'.· FUNCTION rr

INCIDENTS REPORTING AN INCIDENT

2 A Complete sentences 1-10 with the correct form of a verb 3 A � 9.5 Listen to the phone
phrase in the box. conversation. What happened to
the man?
fall off get stuck knock over break down lock out
run over get knocked out be on fire steal rob B Listen again and complete the
report form.
1 'My card has _____ in the machine.'
2 'The house - there's smoke coming from
the windows.' ·,.,
3 'We crashed into a lamp post and it _____
4 'My car has on the motorway.' Name: ___________�
5 'My wallet has _____ Date and time of incident: _____
6 'A workman on my roof has just the ladder.' Location of incident: _______
7 'I've myself of my house.' Description of incident (what exactly
happened?):----------
8 'I fell down but I don't remember anything aher that. I think
I ____
Description of stolen or damaged
9 'Someone's just _____ my cat and I think they've killed it.' property (serial number, bank card
10 'I've just _____! Someone's taken my bag from the type, value of property, colour, make,
changing room.' model of car, etc.):--------
B Work in pairs. Look at the sentences above and discuss.
1 Who might the person be phoning in each case? Description of suspect or offender
(age, sex, ethnicity, build, clothing,
2 What two questions might the other person ask the caller? distinguishing marks or features, etc.):
3 Which situations would you find the easiest to deal with?
1 In number one, they might be phoning the security department

..
Witnesses:---------­
in a bank.
Contact details:-------- -
[> page 156 VOCABULARYBANK
4 A � 9.6 Complete the phrases. Then listen LEARN TO .1
and check. REPHRASE
1 I realised what ___,he had
run on. ?A Look at the extract. Underline two places where
2 It was ___ about thirty seconds ______ the police officer (A) rephrases something to help
I realised my wallet ______ the caller (B) understand.
3 But did it ___ your ___ that it wasn't just A: Could you tell me exactly when the incident
an accident? happened?
4 It never to me he'd done it B: Just now. About an hour ago.
on purpose. A: Could you be more precise?
5 My mind just went ___. B: Excuse me?
6 He looked ______ he was just out jogging. A: Could you give me the exact time?
7 It ______ so quickly. B: I think at 2.50 or 2.55.
8 He just ______ a normal guy. A: And where did it happen?
9 He me a bit that actor. B: Park Avenue.
10 I didn't ___ what he said. It was too quick. A: Can you pinpoint the exact location?
B Work in pairs. Which phrases above a) describe B: Pinpoint?
impressions of a person b) refer to time? A: Tell me exactly where.
c SENTENCE STRESS Underline the main stressed B Match the meaning of the words in bold in 1-5
syllables in sentences 1-10 in Exercise 4A. Listen with phrases a)-e) below.
and check. Then listen and repeat. 1 I'll need to take a statement.
Before I realised what had b.gppened, he had run on. 2 And he hit into me hard ...
[> page 144 LANGUAGEBANK 3 ... a sweater, grey colour, with a - you know -
something you put over your head.
5 Work in pairs and role-play the conversation 4 ... some sort of dark trousers, for running or for
between a police officer and a caller whose bag the gym.
has been stolen from a shop changing room. Use 5 And were there any other people in the vicinity?
the flow chart to help.
a) in the surrounding area - nearby
b) tracksuit bottoms
Police officer
c) a hood ... a hoodie
[ Ask about the time and place. � d) to write down some details
Caller
j
e) collided with
Answer. Explain what happened. C � 9.7 Listen and check your answers.

Express surprise. (Didn't it occur ...)

--=­
speak'.out TIP

j Answer. (It crossed ... It all happened .. .) ]

Using familiar words to explain unfamiliar vocabulary
not only helps communication but can also be an
opportunity to learn more sophisticated vocabulary.
[ Ask what they did. �

j Reply. (As soon as I .. . )

SPEAKING ,q;
.,.
Ask if they saw anyone. Ask for
a description. 8 A Work in pairs. There was a burglary in your house
last night. Student A: turn to page 162. Student B:
Say 'yes'. Give a description. (He/She turn to page 161.
reminded me ...) B Work in pairs. Student B: ask Student A how the
burglar got into the house. Draw a line showing his
[ Check the information. � route. Help Student A with difficult vocabulary.
A: The burglar first climbed the ... thing for rainwater
[ Agree or correct the information. ... going down ...
B: It's like a pipe, right? Which one?
A: Yes, like a pipe. The one on the left.
6 Work in pairs.

-
C Change roles. Student A: ask Student B how the
Student A: choose a situation from Exercise 2A and burglar got out of the house. Draw a line showing
phone the police to report what happened. his route. Help Student B with difficult vocabulary.
Student B: you are the police officer. Use the report
form in Exercise 3B to ask questions.
DVD PREVIEW :]� DVD VIEW ,::,
1 A Work in pairs and discuss. 2 A Watch the DVD. Why did Paul Barney survive
1 What are different ways that people react in a while others didn't?
disaster situation? Think about a building on fire, B Are the statements true (T) or false (F)? Watch
a sinking ship or a plane making a crash landing. the DVD again and check your ideas.
2 What do you think survival in a disaster 1 Paul Barney slept in the cafeteria below the
depends on? waterline.
3 Which factors are connected to the character of 2 He said he wasn't scared on board the ship, but
the survivor? was in the life raft.
B Read the programme information. What factors 3 One hundred and thirty-seven people died on

•
for survival does it mention? What do you think it the Estonia.
means by 'how your brain reacts'? 4 His tunnel vision caused him to focus on saving
himself.
5 Professor Silke said that tunnel vision is not
� Horizon: How to always a good thing.
survive a disaster 6 Paul doesn't understand why some people didn't
try to escape.
When disaster strikes, who lives and who dies 7 Most people keep a clear head in a disaster.
is not purely a matter of luck. In every disaster,
C Work in pairs. Complete the extracts by writing
-.
from those people face once in a lifetime, to
those they face every day, there are things that three words in each gap. Then watch the DVD again
can be done to increase the chances of getting
out alive. Some of these things have to do with
to check.
1 ... I say to them really that there was no time
...�-
planning ahead, some have to do with how _________, there was literally no time.
your brain reacts, and some are simply down to 2 It was a very scary place to be because you never
luck. In this programme, we look at the sinking knew whether the next wave was going to
of the car ferry Estonia in 1994 through the ________ from the life raft.
experience of Paul Barney, a passenger on the 3 I'm purely thinking of what's going
Estonia, and examine why it is that he ended up to _ ______
among the survivors. 4 ... our brain is focusing on whatever the threat or
danger is, and it's focusing on that to the
exclusion _______
5 One of the things I remember clearly is the water
actually coming into the cafeteria and seeing lots
of people around just spot.
D Work in pairs and discuss. How do you think you
would react in a disaster like this? Would you be
like Paul or would you be like one of the people he
describes as 'rooted to the spot'?
speakout agreeing priorities writeback an escape story
3 A � 9.8 Listen to people deciding on things to 4A A website has asked readers to write a story
take on a life raft. Which items below do they talk about a lucky escape prompted by a string of
about? Why do they decide to take/reject each one? words. Work in pairs and discuss. What story can
• blankets first aid kit you imagine for the word string below?
• tinned food hand mirror August camping forest dry tent
• torch (with generator) fishing kit (line, hook) sleep smoke fire trapped soup
• lighter sun cream escape
• dried fruit survival manual
• plastic raincoat drinking cup B Read the story. Wha t happened and how did the
man get out of the situation without being hurt?
B Look at the key phrases. Listen again and tick
the phrases you hear.
It was mid-August, and some friends and I went
PHRASES camping in a forest about an hour's drive from where
It depends on [what/whether) ... , doesn't it? we were living. It had been a very dry summer and
It's important to ... isn't it? we should have thought about the dangers of fire. but
It's (not) a top priority to be able to ... we didn't. We pitched our tents. made a campfire and
cooked a nice soup for dinner. After a while we were
What would we do with a ... ? all quite tired, so we went to sleep.
I'd say that ... is/are [essential/vital/crucial]
... to keep you [warm/dry/alive]. About an hour later I woke up to the smell of smoke .
I realised straightaway that there was a fire, and that it
... to [prevent/keep/protect) you from [the sun/
was right in front of the tent - in fact some dry leaves
dehydrating/getting ...] next to the campfire had caught fire. and the front of
(It/That] hadn't occurred to me. the tent was starting to burn. I was trapped inside.
We need to prioritise them.
Luckily, one of my friends who was in another tent
I can't see the point of [taking, choosing] ...
woke up too, and he poured the leftover soup on the
burning tent. That made it possible for me to escape,
C Work a lone and choose six items from the list in and I crawled out as fast as I could. We put out the
Exercise 3A . Make notes on why they are impor tant campfire but I couldn't go back to sleep. I think I was
and why other items are not as impor tant. in shock - it was a very lucky escape.
D Work in groups and take turns. Try to persuade
the other students that your choices are important
then decide on six items as a group. C Choose another word string. Write your story
(150-250 words) using three paragraphs.
spring countryside lost dark fence
garden dog sandwich run jump escape

sea cool friends swim snorkel hours

tired cold stiff drowning save escape

D Read other students' stories. Which one do you

think was the most unusual escape?
 B Look at the extra information
below and make a final guess to
1 A Make a list of as many crimes 3A Rewrite the sentences with a explain each situation. Then turn
as you can remember. synonym for the words/phrases to page 162 and check your ideas.
in bold.
B Work in pairs and think of: 1 The friends wrote the correct
1 Does listening to music address on the letters. The
1 two crimes that involve
when you study divert your postman always put the
damage to property.
attention? letters in the post box. There
2 three crimes that involve
2 Can you snatch fifteen wasn't a hole in the bottom of
people and can happen on the
minutes' sleep in the middle the post box.
street.
of the day? 2 The concert hall was full. No
3 three crimes that involve
3 Would you find it easier to one had hearing problems
technical expertise on
pretend to be someone older - everyone heard the
computers or other machines.
or younger? performance and liked it.
4 a crime involving money that
4 If you exaggerate your
could be committed by a
internet profile, are you
company.
fooling people unacceptably?
5 a crime that involves theft but
5 Have you ever been taken in
not usually in a street.
by a lie someone told you? 5 A Complete the sentences with
C Work in pairs and discuss. 6 Imagine you could swap the correct form of a word in
Which crimes are most often identities with someone for the box. One of the words is not
in the news in your town/city/ just one day. Who would it be? used.
country?
B Work in pairs and take turns. e€ftlr if go not catch
Ask and answer the questions. remind become like cross
realise happen (xZ)
1 It occurred to me that he/she
2 A Underline the correct shouldn't have ...
alternatives in the article.
4 A Work in pairs and read the 2 He/She me of ...
situations. For each one, rewrite 3 It was only later that I
� OK, you've just been mugged. Your the options using a modal of
first impulse may be to go on 'doing/ deduction. 4 My mind ___ blank.
to do whatever you were doing, but 1 A man checked his post box 5 Before I realised what
don't. First, stop 2 checking/to check that every day but it was always had ___, she/he'd ...
you're fine. Some victims who have empty. Meanwhile his friends 6 I the number
been struck actually forget 3being/to sent him dozens of letters a plate.
be hit and only discover injuries later. week. 7 It all so fast.
Try 4{inding/to find a safe place. maybe a) I'm sure the man moved 8 It ___ my mind that ...
a cafe with people (you may need recently. The man must have
to borrow a phone). You're probably 9 He/She looked as
moved recently. 10 He/She seemed
in shock - give yourself time to stop
5shaking/to shake and take slow, deep b) Maybe his friends sent mail
to the old address. B Work in pairs. Choose one of
breaths to calm yourself. If this doesn't the following incidents to report
work, try 6drinking/to drink some cool c) I'm certain the postman to the police and decide which
water - avoid coffee. Remember didn't deliver the letters. sentences from Exercise SA you
7
phoning/to phone someone you know 2 A pianist performed a concert could use.
and tell them where you are and what in a concert hall .She played • someone shoplifting in a
happened. If you remember 8seeing/to perfectly but at the end no
one clapped. department store
see what the mugger looked like, write
a) She was probably practising • someone looking at
down the details. If you forget 9doing/
confidential information on
to do this you may find that you can't in an empty concert hall.
someone else's computer
recall much detail later when you talk b) I'm certain she was deaf. • someone hanging around an
to the police, and you'll regret not c) They definitely didn't like
10doing/to do this.
ATM with two friends sitting in
the music.
a car nearby
C Work in pairs and take
B Work in pairs and discuss. turns. Role-play the phone call.
Which ideas do you agree with? Student A: you are the police
officer. Student B: you have seen
the incident.
MOVING EXPERIENCES p116 POPULAR CULTURE p119 ONYOUR LEFT ... pl22 THE PEOPLE'S PALACE p124
 VOCABULARY ;,;!'
ADJECTIVES TO DESCRIBE FILMS
1 A Work in pairs and discuss. Do you like the types
of films shown in the photos? What types of films
do you like?
B Work in pairs and check what you know. Cover
Exercise lC and complete the descriptions with a
suitable adjective.
1 The documentary realty made me think and raised
lots of questions. It was ...
2 I got lost sometimes - you had to pay attention
to keep up with the plot and the action because it
was so ...
3 The relationship between the two people was
sensitively handled and almost made me cry. It
was very ...
4 Some scenes were scary and made my skin crawl.
It was ...
5 I was on the edge of my seat and couldn't look
away for a single moment. It was realty ...
6 The acting and direction were alt exceptional, it'll
win all the awards this year. It was absolutely ...
7 I shouldn't be surprised if people start protests
against this documentary. It's extremely ...
8 There was a lot of violence and blood. For me it
was just too ...
9 We couldn't stop laughing, it was ... LISTENING j�
C Complete sentences 1-9 above with the words/
phrases a)-j). One item has two answers.
3 A � 10.1 Listen to someone talk about a film he
never gets bored with watching. What is the film
a) fast-paced f) creepy and what is the main reason he likes it?
b) touching g) controversial
B Listen again and make notes on the following:
c) gripping h) full of suspense
d) gory i) outstanding 1 why it's family-friendly
e) hysterical j) thought-provoking 2 a memorable thing about the 'baddy'
3 where the film got its title
D Check what you remember. Which adjectives in
4 what the woman thinks about the film
the box are synonyms or near-synonyms for the
adjectives in Exercise lC? 5 examples of gripping moments
6 something unusual about the stunts
hilarious moving offensive superb dramatic 7 something the two people say about the heroine
stunning poignant intense
����������� 8 the woman's preference in films
C Work in pairs and discuss. If you haven't seen
2 A Work in groups. List the names of ten to fifteen the film, would you like to watch it based on this
films you alt know. description? Is it true that there aren't many action
B Take turns. Student A: describe one of the films films which include comedy?
using at least three of the adjectives from Exercise
lC. The other students: ask a yes/no question each 4 A Work alone. Choose a film you never get bored
and then guess the film. with and make notes about:
A: It's fast-paced and the special effects are brilliant • the actors. • the plot.
and some of it is gory • the setting. • why you like it.
B: Is it a thriller? B Work in pairs. Tell each other about your film.

-
A: Yes.
C: Does it star ... ? C Work with other students. Take turns telling
each other about your choice. Which film you heard
about would you most like to see?
GRAMMAR '\�. 6 A Complete the forum message with commas.
RELATIVE CLAUSES

5A Check what you know. Complete the online forum

messages with who, which, whose, where or when.

What film do you never get bored with?

The Shawshank Redemption is a prison movie 1___
goes beyond the violence seen in most such films.
B � 10.2 INTONATION: relative clauses Listen to
The story centres on the life-changing relationship
between a new prisoner, Andy (Tim Robbins), 2___ the intonation in the non-defining clauses. Are they
is imprisoned for murder, and Red (Morgan Freeman), higher or lower than the rest of the sentence?
a long-time prisoner 3__ he makes friends with. C Listen again and say the recording at the same
You really care about these two characters, 4___ time, copying the intonation.
unlikely friendship blossoms over the course of the film.
I must have seen it twenty times and it's the one movie [> page 146 LANGUAGEBANK
5___ I never get bored with, especially Robbins' and
Freeman's performances, for 6__, surprisingly, ? Combine the extracts from reviews using a
neither won a major award. relative clause.
My all-time favourite is Groundhog Day, in 7___ 'j 1 The main role is played by Chiwetel Ejiofor.
Bill Murray relives one day over and over again. His portrayal of Solomon Northup earned him
He plays Phil, a TV weatherman visiting a small U.S. several awards.
town, 9___ he reports on a local annual festival. Phil 2 Megastar Chris Hemsworth gives an emotional
detests the assignment and the local people, 9___ performance in his latest film. His career got its
makes his situation even worse when he gets stuck biggest boost from his role in Thor.
with both.The story is endlessly inventive, by turns 3 lnvictus is a story about leadership and
hilarious and poignant. It is especially touching in the
forgiveness at a critical period. Nelson Mandela
moment 10___ Phil realises he loves Rita (Andie
Macdowell) but can't win her. 11___ is a turning point had just become president of South Africa.
in his transformation into a decent human being. He 4 The film Star Trek was based on a popular TV
actually ends up loving the town 12__ inhabitants series. William Shatner played the role of Captain
he initially despised. A classic! Kirk in the series.
5 The film was Daniel Craig's third outing as James
Bond. It was directed by Sam Mendes.
B Work in pairs. Add that next to any relative 6 Adrian Brody shot to fame after starring in The
pronouns which it could replace. Put brackets Pianist. He won the Best Actor Oscar for this.
around relative pronouns that could be omitted. 7 Lost in Translation takes place in a Tokyo hotel.
The two main characters meet and form an
C Complete the rules. Use the forum messages in
unusual bond there.
Exercise SA to help.
8 The Hurt Locker is a war film directed by Kathryn
Bigelow. The choice of Jordan as the filming
!r- 1 Defining relative clauses give essential/extra
information about a person, thing, place or time.
location was important for her.

IJI Non-defining relative clauses give essential/extra

information. SPEAKING �
2 The relative pronoun that can replace who or
which in defining/non-defining clauses only. 8A Complete the sentences below so that they are
3 The relative pronoun can be omitted when it true for you.
is the subject/object of the verb in the relative I loathe films where ...
clause. I like the work of the director ... , whose ...
4 Prepositions can come (a) at the beginning! My favourite actress is ... , who ...
end of a clause or (b) before/after the relative
My favourite actor is ... , who ...
pronoun. (a)/(b) is more formal.
The film I most liked recently is ...
5 What/Which introducing a relative clause can
I like it in films when ...
be used to refer to the whole of a previous
clause. B Work in pairs and take turns. Talk about your
6 Commas are used before and after defining! ideas and ask follow-up questions. Find out what

-
non-defining clauses. you have in common.
 MIDNIGHT IN PARIS
Midnight in Paris is set in Paris in the present and in
different periods in the past. It stars Owen Wilson as Gil,
a Hollywood screenwriter, and Rachel McAdams as Inez,
his beautiful fiancee.
As the film opens, Gil is on holiday in Paris with Inez
and her wealthy parents. He is supposed to be in love with
his fiancee but his love affair really seems to be with Paris
in the springtime. One evening while wandering around
the city. he gets lost and as the clock strikes midnight an
old Peugeot car pulls up. Inside the car are a group of
party-goers who are dressed in 1920s clothes and who
invite him to join them. They go to a party where Gil realises
he has been transported to the 1920s, a period which
he loves. We see him meeting some of his intellectual
and artistic heroes from that time and falling in love with
Adriana, Picasso's mistress. Meanwhile, in the present,
Gil's bride-to-be and her parents become more and more
annoyed and suspicious about his nightly disappearances.
Eventually Gil realises Inez is not right for him and breaks
up with her. He decides to stay and live in his beloved Paris.
Skilfully directed by Woody Allen. the film cuts
between the glitter of Paris in the twenties and the present­
day city. The script is alternately gripping, shocking and
hilarious and the camerawork is stunning. As Gil. Owen
Wilson is appealing in his enthusiasm and love of Paris in
the past. However, for me, it is the character of Adriana,
convincingly acted by Marion Cotillard, who is the most
fascinating of all.
With its charm. sparkling wit and engaging leaps
forwards and backwards in time. Midnight in Paris is a light,
delightful film which I'd thoroughly recommend.

10 AUnderline two adverb + past participle

A REVIEW; LEARN TO USE ADVERB+ PAST combinations in paragraph 3 of the review.
PARTICIPLE COMBINATIONS B Write three adverbs from the box next to each
participle to complete the phrases. Some can be
9 A Work in pairs and discuss the questions. used more than once.
1 Where do you usually read film reviews (e.g. on
the internet, in magazines)? convincingly harshly skilfully widely
2 What is the main purpose of a film review? sensitively overwhelmingly highly
• to make people want to see the film poignantly heavily
• to help people decide if they want to see a film 1 I I directed by ...
• to give factual information about the film 2 I I acted by ...
3 Which of the topics in the box do you usually find 3 I I praised by ...
in a film review? 4 I I criticised by ...
plot summary description of the film's ending 11 A Make notes about a film you have seen recently
actors' names recommendation or a film you never get bored with. Use the topic
ticket prices setting of the film areas from Exercise 9C.
reviewer's opinion of different elements
B Write a first draft of your review (120-180
B Read the film review above. Would you like to words). Use adjectives and at least two adverb+
see the film? Why/Why not? past participle combinations.
C Read the review again and write the topic of C Exchange with another student and read each
each paragraph. Use the topics in the box to help. other's review. Is it interesting and clear? Suggest

-
two or three improvements.
D Write a final version of the review.
POPULAR CULTURE 0partic1ple clauses
� word stress; connected speech
<\> 10.2
i
� the Arts; two-part phrases

1A Work in pairs and look at the photos. What do you think is the C Work in pairs. Student A: turn to
most difficult part of each performer's job? page 163. Student B: quickly read
the text on this page. Which four
B Work in pairs and discuss these questions from a magazine questions above does it answer?
article. Make notes on your answers.
1 How do actors cry on demand?
D Read the text again. Write a
maximum of five key words for each
2 Do big stars have to audition for film roles?
answer to help you remember the
3 How do singers keep their voices steady when they're dancing?
information.
4 Who decides whether something is 'art' or not?
5 Why do works of art get stolen if they can't be sold without E Work in pairs. Cover the text and
attracting attention? look at your notes from Exercise lD.
Tell your partner about the answers.
6 What's the secret to making an audience laugh?
7 How does a comedian deal with hecklers?

irLanguage.com

POPULAR CULTURE
Want to know the best-kept secrets of popular culture?
Read our Top Questions & Answers ta find aut.

Every stand-up comedian knows that making

people laugh with prepared material, on stage, is
very different from making your friends or colleagues
Laugh in an informal setting. You need to focus on
technique, such as which words to stress, when
to pause, how to use facial expressions and body
movements, as well as sensing how to work each
individual audience. Interestingly, shows with paying
audiences are better than freebies. Having paid to be
entertained, people are often more ready and willing

�= �=
to laugh.

A: A big star auditioning for a part is almost unheard A: Criminals steal paintings only when they already
of. Actors such as Tom Hanks go straight from film have a buyer. Sometimes, a wealthy private collector
to film, so directors and producers have access to a actually requests a particular piece to be stolen
whole portfolio of their work. The closest such actors - essentially orders it - for part of their private
ever get to anything resembling an audition is when collection. The collector knows that it can never
they're invited to chat about the project informally, be shown publicly but that's not why they want the
which gives the director and producer a chance to piece in the first place. Valuable works of art are
evaluate the actor without it feeling like a test. The a favourite commodity for criminal organisations,
stars don't usually even have to read part of the script. who will use them in place of cash for making deals
More often, it's actually a matter of the actor choosing with �ach other. They are also useful for money
whether to work with the director! launderers, as works of art are easier to transport
and harder to trace than cash, as well as easily
traded on the black market.
 GRAMMAR ;;:� 3A Rewrite the sentences using a participle clause.
PARTICIPLE CLAUSES 1 People who take photos should ask their subjects'
permission first.
2 A Read the article below. In what situations do 2 Films that are based on books are disappointing.
celebrities use fake names? What is the joke in 3 It's great to see rock stars in their sixties who still
each chosen name? play concerts.
4 Architecture which was designed in the 1960s is
Do stars use their real names when travelling? generally quite ugly and ought to be pulled down.
In short, no. In fact, stars 'registered at hotels under their 5 Photos of people who are posing for the camera
real name are a rarity - their day can be ruined by paparazzi don't work as well as spontaneous pictures.
2trying to take their pictures and members of the public
3taking selfies. So if you're going to change your name, 6 Film and TV stars who appear at the theatre
attract huge audiences.
why not have fun doing it? Names 'involving wordplay are
common: Brad Pitt and Jennifer Aniston, 5married in 7 Jokes which involve racial stereotypes are not funny.
2000 but divorced five years later, used to call themselves 8 Photographers who used software to enhance
Mr and Mrs Ross Vegas. And the fun doesn't end there - the their photos were justifiably banned from
name 6used by George Clooney when he was travelling entering a national competition last month.
caused him great amusement: Arnold Schwarzenegger. 'It was
funny, the hotel staff had to call me Mr Schwarzenegger, when B Work in pairs and discuss. Do you agree with the
they knew of course, I wasn't him,' said Clooney. statements in Exercise 3A? Give examples.

B Work in pairs and look at the participle clauses in

bold in the article. Then answer the questions. THE ARTS
1 Which participle clauses in bold replace relative
clauses? 4 A Which of the forum comments are generally
positive (�), negative (X) or mixed (-)?
2 What is the full relative clause in each case?
'' I'd read a lot about this new singer in the
3 Which two verb forms can a participle clause
begin with? music press. He's certainly creating a stir with
his ground-breaking mix of pop and folk. Ever
C Compare the sentences below and underline the
since he got those rave reviews in the press, each
participle clauses. Then complete the rule.
performance has been a sell-out and it's impossible
1 a) Names which involve wordplay are common. to get tickets. Everyone says it's the must-see
b) Names involving wordplay are common. performance of the year. Is he really that good? ''
2 a) The people who worked in the hotel thought ''Well, after all the hype surrounding his
the name was funny.
concerts, I went to see his on Friday, expecting
b) The people working in the hotel thought the something really sensational ... but the concert was
name was funny. a real letdown! It was a complete flop because we
3 a) The hotel, which was built in the 1980s and couldn't hear his properly. ' '
which is often used by film stars, is famous.
'' Yeah, I was at that concert and the technical side
b) The hotel, built in the 1980s and regularly
used by film stars, is famous. was pretty bad but his album is amazing, really
innovative. I've never heard anything quite like it
before. I just hope he doesn't go mainstream and
1 When a relative clause has an active verb in boring like all the other alternative artists.''
the present simple or past simple, the participle
clause uses a ___ participle. B Work in pairs. What do you think the words and
2 When a relative clause has a passive verb in phrases in bold above mean? Use the context,
the present simple or past simple, the participle grammar and your knowledge of similar words to
clause uses a ___ participle. help. Then check in a dictionary.

-=­
C � 10.3 WORD STRESS. Work in pairs and say the
words and phrases in bold. Which syllable(s) is/are
spealcout TIP stressed? Listen to the words in context and check.
Using participle clauses can improve the level of your
D Think of a performance you have seen or heard.
writing and speaking. Try to improve this sentence by using Write a forum entry about it using at least four of
a participle clause: I couldn't concentrate on the concert the words which are new to you.
because there were so many people who took photos.
E Read other students' forum entries. Find a

-
C> page 146 LANGUAGEBANK performance you would like to see or hear.
C> page 157 VOCABULARYBANK
 TWO-PART PHRASES
5 A Choose three of the questions
below to answer. Write the name of
the thing/person and two or three
6 A Work in pairs and look at the two-part phrases in sentences 1
and 2. What do you think they mean?
words to explain why you liked
it/him/her. 1 There are some basic dos and don'ts when taking a good photo.
2 I've worked in the film business off and on for most of my life.
1 What's the best concert or
performance you've ever B Check your ideas with the dictionary entries.
been to?
2 What's the best music album ever • dos and don•ts things that you • off and on/on and off for short
made? should and should not do: the dos periods of time but not regularly:
and don'ts of having a pet I worked as a secretary off and
3 Who's the funniest comedian you on for three years.
know?
From Longman Active Study Oictionary.
4 What's the most moving, scary or
exciting film you've ever seen? ?A Match a word from A with one from B to make a two-part phrase.
5 What's the most memorable
exhibition you've ever been to? on
downs
6 What's the best photo you've ever ready
taken?
tired (of)
7 Who's the painter or other type of take
artist you most like? What's your bounds
through
favourite work of his/hers?
cons
8 What's the most unforgettable
show or play you've ever seen?
B Work in pairs and take turns. Talk B � 10.4 CONNECTED SPEECH Listen and check. Then listen and
about your experiences and feelings. repeat, paying attention to the linking, the weak form of and /an/
and the dropping of Id/ in connected speech.
C Work in groups and take turns. ups-and downs
Recommend something you've
recently been to/seen/heard. 8 A Work in pairs. Student A: turn to page 163. Student B: turn
to page 161. Read the definitions and then complete five of the
sentences below.
1 I hate having music on in the background. I prefer some ___
and ___
2 I used to go to pop concerts a lot but nowadays I only go ___
and
3 I'm a latin music fan and ___
4 I'm ___ and ___ of having to listen to people's favourite
music on the train. I wish they'd turn their MP3 players down.
5 Any skill such as playing the iano improves in ___ and
___ if you practise enough.
6 Every relationship has its ___ and ___ so it's not
surprising that most bands break up after a few years.
7 I don't like pop. Some of the pieces go ___ and ___ for
far too long.
8 It's OK for my neighbours to play music I don't like. You have
to have a bit of ___ and ___. I'm sure they don't like my
music!
9 There are ___ and ___ to listening to a live recording as
opposed to a studio album.
10 Some of the music videos made by ordinary people on YouTube
are a bit and but that's OK.
B Work in pairs and take turns. Help your partner to complete
the sentences and understand the two-part phrases.
C Change five of the sentences so that they are true for you.

-
Then compare with a partner. How many do you agree on?
[> page 157 VOCABULARYBANK
 Greenwich Village, New York, USA

3 A Work in pairs and complete the phrases. Sometimes there is

more than one possible answer.
1 Work in pairs and discuss the Leading the way
questions.
Let's 1___ over to Washington Square Park and then 2___
1 Have you ever shown anyone back.
around your town/city? Why don't we 3___ our steps and go back to the Cafe Reggio?
2 What places of interest in your
town/city you would take a visitor Giving facts
to? Why? It was •___ on the Arc de Triomphe.
It was built to 5___ the hundredth anniversary of the
inauguration of George Washington as president.
FUNCTION · 'Q In front of us is the Bodleian, 6 ___ after the 7___ - Thomas
Bodley.
GIVING A TOUR
Commenting on facts
2 A Work in pairs. Look at the photos 8___ I'm sure you 9___, Greenwich Village has always been a
of Greenwich Village and Oxford and centre of artistic life - very bohemian.
discuss. What do you know about 10___, the oldest college was actually only founded a hundred or
each place? Which would you most so years earlier!
like to visit? 11 __, the biggest room can seat somewhere in the region of
_
B � 10.5 Listen to two people 500 students although I haven't seen it myself.
showing visitors around Greenwich We can actually go inside if we're quick. It's well 12 ___ a visit.
Village and Oxford. Number the
photos in the order you hear them.
B Compare your answers with the audio script on page 175.
C Listen again and write one fact you C � 10 .6 INTONATION IN COMMENTS Listen to the intonation in
hear about each place. the phrases. Then listen again and repeat.
1 The Blue Note
2 The Cafe Reggio Interestingly, the statue disappeared at the time of his death.
3 Greenwich Village in general
4 Washington Square Park The story goes, he threw it in the lake.
5 The Bodleian Library
6 The Oxford colleges Apparently, it was made of gold.
7 The Bridge of Sighs

-
8 New College Surprisingly, no one has ever tried to find it.
9 The 'Schools' I> page 146 LANGUAGEBANK
10 Christ Church College
 LEARNTO :, .
EXPRESS ESTIMATES

6A Look at the extracts and underline five phrases

for expressing estimates (when we don't know the
exact number).
1 A: How many colleges are there?
B: Just under forty. Well, thirty-eight to be exact.
2 A: How 'new' is new?
B: Roughly 1370.
A: You're kidding!
B: No, really! Interestingly, the oldest college
was actually only founded a hundred or so years
earlier!
3 Apparently, the biggest room can seat somewhere
in the region of five hundred students.
4 A: How many students are there at the university
in total?
B: To be honest, it depends. In term time, you'd
Oxford, England probably get upwards of twenty thousand.
B Which phrases in Exercise 6A could be replaced
by 1) fewer than, 2) more than or 3) about/around/
4 A Complete A's part in the extracts from a tour approximately?
of Paris.
C � 10.7 Listen and tick the exact number.
A: 'Let's I head I over I the cathedral, Notre Dame.
1 a) 1,400 b) 1,518
B: On the island? Do we have time to go inside?
2Yes, I well worth I visit it. 2 a) 30 b) 38
A:
3 a) 1,180 b) 1,220
B: ... So that's the Arc de Triomphe? 4 a) 712 b) 746
A: 3Yes, I model I a famous Roman arch. 5 a) 2.13 b) 1.10
B: And why was it built? 6 a) 318 b) 371
A: 4celebrate I one I Napoleon's great victories.
D Work in pairs and take turns to estimate:
A: s ... So here we are I the Eiffel Tower I named I its • the number of students in your school/employees
designer, Gustave Eiffel. in your workplace.
B: Wow! It's impressive. • the age of the building you're in.
A: 6Yeah I apparently I can sway six to seven • the population of your town/city.
centimetres in the wind! • the distance from your home to where you are
B Work in pairs and take turns. Practise the now.
conversations using the prompts above. • the cost of dinner in a good restaurant in your
town/city.
• the number of contacts on your mobile phone.
VOCABULARY '::} guage.com • the number of English words you know.

DIMENSIONS

5 Complete the tourist's questions with the noun or

verb form of the adjectives in brackets.
? A Work in pairs. Design a one-hour walking or
1 What is the of the tower? (high) cycling tour of a town/city you know for a visitor.
2 So the road goes the of the town? (long) Make notes on:
3 When did they the entrance? (wide) • four or five places to see.
4 What is the of the wall here? (thick) • a fact or personal opinion about each place.
5 The road here. Why's that? (narrow) • some approximate numbers associated with the
6 What's the of the river and -�-- place (how many people visit it; how much it costs;
of the water here? (broad, deep) how old/long/high, etc. it is).
7 Why don't they the map? It's so small.
B Work with a new partner and take turns.

-
(large) Role-play the tour. Student A: lead the way. Student
8 It's nine o'clock and it's still light. When do the days B: ask questions.
_____ here? (short)
10.40)) THE PEOPLE'S PAL ACE

DVD VIEW �
1A Look at the photos of a new library and discuss 2 A Watch the DVD and check your answers to
the questions in pairs. Exercise 18.
1 Which words/phrases in the box would you use to B Work in pairs and answer the questions. Then
describe the building? watch the DVD again and check.
crazy makes a bold statement unique fresh 1 Why and how is Birmingham regenerating its
pleasing on the eye modern too busy delicate · city centre?
too elaborate beautiful amazing unsightly 2 How does the designer describe the city of
Birmingham? What characteristics did she try
2 How is it different from what you expect a library to reflect in the library's design?
to look like?
3 Why did she call it a 'People's Palace'?
3 What facilities would you expect to be included in
4 What is there inside the library besides shelves
a 21"-century library?
of books?
B Read the programme information and look at S What is the 'fac;ade bench' and what can you
the photos. Which of the following do you think you do there?
will see in the DVD?
6 What do people say they like once they're inside
1 The reporter interviews local people, the designer the library?
of the building and celebrities.
C Watch the DVD again and underline the correct
2 The designer explains why she used rings as part
alternative.
of the design.
1 We started with this idea, that's the tradition!
3 The local people feel mostly positive about the
heritage of the proud industrial city, with the
new library.
steel industry.

1111
2 I think any funding/investment of money put
into libraries at the moment is fantastic.
�The Culture Show: 3 And in a time of economic austerity/strictness,
The People,s Palace what a bold step to take. Wonderful stuff!
4 There's a lot of people, students, they want
At a time when many libraries across Britain face
to be independent/individual but be part of
budget cuts and closure, Birmingham is opening
a bigger collective.
the biggest public library in Europe. Is this a new
S It's brilliant, yeah, I really like it, it's very
breed of super library for the future?
user-friendly/easy-to-use.
This programme explores the cutting-edge
6 I love this in particular/especially. I love this
building to discover what a 21st-century library
outside bit/section with the balcony.
looks like, what goes into its design, and how
local people - the taxpayers - feel about it. 3 Work in pairs and discuss whether you agree/
Perhaps most importantly, we find out what disagree with the statements.
role the library has in the internet age. 1 Local governments shouldn't spend taxpayer's
money on expensive architecture.
2 Libraries still have an important role in the
internet age.
3 For a society to be healthy, it needs public
spaces like libraries, parks and theatres.
speakout a town project writeback a work of art
4 A � 10.8 Listen to three people discussing a new 6 A Work in pairs. Read about the competition and
public space or artistic project for their town. Which tell your partner what you would choose and why.
project does each person, Tim, Nigel and Sarah, like
from the list below? Why? We want you to write about a favourite work of art or
• an outdoor sculpture (modern or traditional) building. It could be a statue or sculpture, a fountain or
• a concert space bridge, a painting or even a favourite room. Send us your
• a theatre workshop space for young people description in 150-250 words, and we'll put the five best
• a state-of-the-art multiplex cinema entries on our website.
a botanical garden
• a skateboarding park B Read the description and tick (.I') the topics in
the box that the writer mentions.
B Listen again and tick the key phrases you hear.
setting when it was made material colour
size who made it why he/she likes it
I'm really in favour of the ...
I think that it would be [beneficial for the My favourite building is in fact a bridge, the Millau
community/popular/ ...). Viaduct in southern France. It's an awe-inspiring structure,
The only thing that would concern me though is as much a work of art as it is a bridge. It towers over the
that ... valley that it crosses, but is so graceful that it seems to me
I'd rather have something that would [appeal to more an integral part of the natural environment than the
architectural and engineering achievement thatit is.
all ages/make a statement/ ...)
It was designed by a French engineer and a British
We have to consider [costs/maintenance/ ...) architect who conceived it as a series of towers, which look
Can you see the [older/younger) generation like the masts of a ship, from which cables are suspended,
[using/liking) it? the cables that support the road surface that runs 2500
metres across the valley. The highest tower is the tallest
structure in France, taller than the Eiffel Tower, and I think
5 A Work in pairs. You are responsible for choosing the tallest bridge in the world.
an artistic project for your town/city. Choose two This 21st-century masterpiece is breathtaking to
items from the list in Exercise 4A. The items must: behold, and it gives me a sense of calm every time I look
• have artistic and/or architectural merit. at it. No one should miss it if they are visiting this part of
France.
• represent the town/city in some way.
• convey a positive image.
C Write your competition entry. Use the box in
B Work with other students. Discuss your ideas and Exercise 68 for ideas of what to include.
decide on one project.
D Read your classmates' competition entries.
C Present your decision to the class. Which one makes you most want to visit the place
they write about?
 tQ,.,S(( LOOKBACK
. ��.�,< '�; l, '

1 A Work in pairs. Make a list of as 3A Complete the quiz with the 4 The words in bold are in the
many adjectives for describing present or past participles of wrong sentences. Put them in the
films as you can remember. the verbs in brackets. correct sentences.
B Complete comments 1-4 with 1 The musical was a complete
a suitable adjective. sell-out and had to close early.
1 The ending was sensitively 2 Does the Picasso exhibition
handled and made me cry! deserve all those hype reviews?
Very ! 3 The new sculpture is
2 The script was basically one alternative. Everyone's arguing
joke after another. Absolutely about it.
______! 4 He's famous for his mainstream
3 It kept my attention for two work in photography, never
hours. Utterly ______. done before.
4 My friends and I are 5 You can't get tickets for the
still arguing about it. show. It's a complete rave.
Quite ! 6 I thought the new album was a
C Work in pairs. Write four
1 It's an arts building __ (stand) real must-see, very poor.
in Sydney Harbour and 7 That new comedian is
review comments similar to __ (make) of white tiles to
the ones above. Use a suitable certainly creating a lot of flop.
look like sails.
adjective for describing films in Everyone's talking about him.
each review. 2 It's a company __ (start) by
8 This Virtual Worlds Exhibition is
Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and a letdown event. Don't miss it!
Ronald Wayne, best __ (know) 9 I don't listen to ground-
for its iPod and iPhone products. breaking pop music much. It all
2A Underline the correct
3 It's a game ___ (play) by two
sounds the same.
alternative. 10 During creating a stir Fashion
players. __ (involve) a small
I'd like to find ... Week you can see some
rubber ball and racquets and
1 a person who/for whom/whose __ (take) place in a four-
shockingly original clothes.
main interests include doing walled court indoors.
sports.
2 a place that/which/where I can 4 He was a great leader, born in
Corsica. __ (crown) Emperor SA Complete descriptions 1-3
speak English with native below with the words in the box.
of France in 1804 and
speakers. (defeat) at Waterloo in 1815. Where are the places?
3 someone that/whose/whom
knows a famous person. 5 It's a statuette __ (award) to was story worth it you
4 a shop where/which/that I can people in the film world every year honour named rebuilt
buy reasonably priced clothes. by the American Academy of
was
Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
5 a person for whose/that/whom 1 ltAbuilt in the 17th century by
money is not important. 6 Shah Jahan in of his wife. As
They're a group of people __
6 three interesting places in (live) in cold, snowy parts of ti)e may know, it's made of white
this town/city which/to which/ USA and Canada. and __ (use)
where I've never been to. blocks of ice to build their houses, marble and is well a visit.
B Change the words in bold __ (call) igloos. 2 It was after its designer and
in four of the sentences above 7 was built in 1889. The goes
It's a Japanese dish __
so that they are about things/ (consist) of raw fish and rice that many Parisians hated it
people you'd like to find. __ (roll) up in seaweed. because it was too modern.
C Ask other students questions 3 Parts of it were many times.
about your sentences in 8 It's a play __ (write) by
Exercise 28. Shakespeare and __ (feature) Believe or not, millions of
a Danish prince.
A: Do you know anyone whose Chinese died in its construction.
main interests include going to B Write two sentences about a
the cinema? B Work in pairs and do the quiz. tourist site you know.

-
B: Yes-me. C Check your answers on C Read out your sentences. The
A: Right. Who's your favourite page 163. other students guess the place.
actor?
B: At the moment, Christian Bale.
 IRREGULAR VERBS

Verb Past simple Past participle Verb Past simple Past participle
be was been leave left left
beat beat beaten lend lent lent
become became become let let let
begin began begun lie lay lain
bend bent bent light lit lit
bet bet bet lose lost lost
bite bit bitten make made made
bleed bled bled mean meant meant
blow blew blown meet met met
break broke broken mistake mistook mistaken
bring brought brought pay paid paid
broadcast broadcast broadcast put put put
build built built read read read
burn burned/burnt burned/burnt ride rode ridden
burst burst burst ring rang rung
buy bought bought rise rose risen
catch caught caught run ran run
choose chose chosen say said said
come came come see saw seen
cost cost cost sell sold sold
cut cut cut send sent sent
deal dealt dealt set set set
dig dig dug shake shook shaken
do did done shine shone shone
draw drew drawn shoot shot shot
dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt show showed shown
drink drank drunk shrink shrank shrunk
drive drove driven shut shut shut
eat ate eaten sing sang sung
fall fell fallen sink sank sunk
feel felt felt sit sat sat
feed fed fed sleep slept slept
fight fought fought slide slid slid
find found found smell smelled/smelt smelled/smelt
fly flew flown speak spoke spoken
forbid forbade forbidden spell spelt spelt
forget forgot forgotten spend spent spent
forgive forgave forgiven spill spilled/spilt spilled/spilt
freeze froze frozen split split split
get got got spread spread spread
give gave given stand stood stood
go went gone steal stole stolen
grow grew grown stick stuck stuck
hang hung hung sting stung stung
have had had swim swam swum
hear heard heard take took taken
hide hid hidden teach taught taught
hit hit hit tear tore torn
hold held held tell told told
hurt hurt hurt think thought thought
keep kept kept throw threw thrown
know knew known understand understood understood
lay laid laid wake woke woken
lead led led wear wore worn

•
leap leapt leapt win won won
lean leaned/leant leaned/leant write wrote written
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt
1.1 direct and indirect questions indirect questions
Use indirect questions to ask questions in a more polite
direct questions way or for very personal questions. After the opening
The word order for most questions is: (question word) + phrase, use the affirmative form.
auxiliary verb+ subject+ main verb.
Could you tell me what time the lesson starts?
What does 'strategy' mean? Have you finished yet? NOT Co1:1/d yo1:1 tell me whet time does the lessori st<:Ht?
Subject questions: When the question word is the subject Do you mind me asking why you le� your last job?
of the sentence, use the affirmative form of the verb. NOT Do y·o1:1 mirid me eslririg why· did �'01:l leeve vo1:1r lest iob?
What happened next? NOT What did ha1313eri ri�t? In yes/no questions, use if or whether+ the affirmative
Prepositions in questions usually come at the end. form.
What are you working on? What was Thailand like? Do you know if Mike's married?
(Here like is a preposition and the question is asking for Other opening phrases include: Can I ask (you) ... ?,
a description.) Do you have any idea ... ?, Would you mind telling me ... ?,
In very formal English, prepositions can come at the What/Why/Where/Who do you think?, I was wondering ... ,
beginning. I wonder ... , I'd be interested to know ... , I'd like to know ... ,
In which newspaper did you read it? I want to know ...
Short questions, often ending in prepositions, are Only use a question mark if the introductory phrase
common in conversation: contains a question.
A: I'm going out tonight. B: Where to?/Who with? I wonder where Derek is. How do you think he did that?
A: I didn't go to the party B: How come?!Why not? When a question is very personal, start with Can I ask a
A: I hate spicy food. B: Why's that?/Such as? personal question?
A: Can you lend me a paintbrush? B: Which one?!What for?

1.2 present perfect 3 Ongoing situations: an uncompleted state or repeated

action that started in the past and continues up to now.
The perfect in English always links two time periods.
How long have you been on Twitter?
The present perfect links the past to the present in the
I've swum every morning since May.
following ways:
state
1 Time up to now: a completed action or experience
that happened at some point in the past before now
now, e.g. in my life, this year, today. The exact time it
regular activity
happened is not specified.
We've met before. Have you seen Jo this week?
����-x�x x-x X-X-X-XIX x
now

E
unfinished time period
Note: The present perfect continuous can often also
actio n
-- � be used for this meaning. See unit 2.1
,·m�e�n-o:..:�
-====:t-.:..;. sp e
: :c ,=· e
fi
: d====-:==::::a- w--
...:;; Time phrases to talk about the past
2 Recent events: a completed action which has a present present just, already, not yet, ever, recently, lately, since,
result or is in some other way relevant to the present. perfect so far, up to now, until now, over the last year,
The exact time it happened is not specified. still not
No coffee for me, thanks. I've already had one. past yesterday, ago, this time last week, on Thursday,
I've lost my phone. Has anyone seen it? simple on 12th May, last week/month/year/winter,
when I was younger, until then
a t o �result
____________c _i �n
both never, always, for, before, in the summer, today,
ti me no t specifi ed
this morning/afternoon (depending on whether
now the period is finished or not)

1.3 polite enquiries polite enquiries

opening phrases I was wondering/I wonder if you could see if there's a place
I'd be grateful/I'd appreciate it available.
ask/find out about ...
I'd like to Can/Could you tell me
enquire about ... when the manager will be back?

-
I'm calling/phoning to Do you mind me asking
talk to someone about ...
Would there be any chance of
giving me a refund?
Would you mind

- - - ----------------------· ··--
1.1 A Write A's questions in full. B Put the words in the correct C Complete the two-word questions.
A: 1 Where I have I be? order to make indirect questions. A: I can't meet you tonight.
Where have you been? 1 if I you I here I credit I they I B: No? How 1 ?
B: At a meeting. know I Do I cards I accept? A: Because I'm going out.
A: 2Who I be I you I with ? 2 me I you I model I mind I how I B: Where 2 ?
B: Just people from the office. a I you I asking I became I Do? A: To the theatre.
A: 3What I meeting I like? 3 you I coffee I any I at I idea I B: Who3______
B: Oh, you know. Long. this I where I time I I I can I get I
A: Nobody you know. The tickets were
have I a I Do?
A: 4 you I know I what time I now? very expensive.
4 you I me I computer I Would I
B: Um ... is it late? B: How'· ?
telling I the I available I mind I
A: 5Can I ask I why I you I not I when I becomes?
A: I'm not telling. I'll get home late.
phone? B: What 5 ?
5 get I if I married I you're I Can I
B: My mobile was dead. A: After midnight. You know, you
planning I I I to I ask?
A: 6you I have I any idea I how I shouldn't ask so many questions.
6 was I I I briefcase I that I bought I
worried I I I be? B: Why 6 ?
you I where I wondering.

1.2 A Complete the email with the past simple or present perfect of the verbs B Underline the correct time phrase.
in brackets. 1 I've never played squash
before moving here/before.
� [ m.smith24@gmailbox.com 2 No wonder I've got a headache!
It's two o'clock and I didn't have a
Dear Mum and Dad, coffee this morning/this afternoon.
Sorry I '---·· _ (not write) in a while, but things are crazy here. 3 Up to now/Until I took this course,
I can't believe it 2 _______ (be) six months ago that I left and that we I always believed that English
3 __ (not see) each other for that long. was easy.
This trip '_ (be) fantastic so far, at least until a few days ago, 4 I've known Maria for/since ten
when things 5_ (take) a turn for the worse. We 6_____ years now.
(arrive) in the city centre and 1 -····- ··-. •.. (check) into the first hotel 5 So far/In the f,rst week of term
we 8 (see). Now, you know I 9 (stay) in a lot of
I haven't missed any classes.
one-star hotels in my life, but this one 10______ (be) really bad, so
we 11 ____ (decide) to go straight out to see the city.
6 I had trouble concentrating at
Unfortunately, we 12 ______ (forget) to lock our room, and when we work since/until I got new glasses.
13 (get) back, our luggage and most of our money was gone. 7 I've never ridden a scooter again
We 14 __ (call) the police right away, and I _.....
15
(go) after/since the accident.
back to the police station several times since then, but no one 8 I haven't worked this month/
16
(hand) in any of our things. last month so money is tight.
Anyway, could you send me €1,000 please? 9 I haven't downloaded it already/
Thanks and love, yet.
Joanna 10 We came back from holiday
this time last week/lately.

1.3 A Complete the conversation with the words from the box.

I Ftelp be ago will check out at afraid with there chance I

help
A: Yourpick.net. My name's Dave. How can 1).
you? B: And you don't know when it be in?
B: Hi, I'm phoning to find about a DVD I ordered. The A: It's coming from the USA so I'm not. Do you want
reference number is 3714. to cancel?
A: OK. Is a problem? B: No, but I'd grateful if you could look into it.
B: Yes, it hasn't arrived yet and I ordered it a month. A: No problem all.

-
Could you tell me when I can expect it? B: And would there be any of phoning me when it arrives?
A: Bear me a moment. I'm afraid we have no information A: Sure ... let me just if we have your phone number ...
about the arrival date.
2.1 present perfect simple and continuous 2 Completed actions (recent or in time up to now)
Use the present perfect simple with actions which are
1 Ongoing situations
short and complete, e.g. drop, start, finish, leave, break,
Use either the present perfect simple or the present lose, etc.
perfect continuous to talk about situations or repeated
I've cut my finger. NOT I've beeR CtJttiRg my {iRger.
actions which started in the past and continue into
Use the present perfect simple to emphasise a
the present. Often there is no important difference,
completed action or result. It often answers the questions:
particularly with verbs such as work, live, study, do.
How many?, How much?, How far?
Ella's worked/Ella's been working for the company for a
He's phoned me at least four times toda y.
year now.
She's run 500 kilometres and she's raised 5,000 euros so far.
Use the present perfect continuous to emphasise that an
action has continued for a long time or is repeated, often 3 Present evidence
with verbs of duration, such as wait, stay, run, play, sit, Sometimes the present perfect continuous is used when
stand, write, etc. there is present evidence of a recent longer activity.
We've been sitting here for over an hour. They look hot. Yes, they've been running.
How long have you been waiting? NOT \les, they've ruR.
Use the present perfect simple with state verbs such as Sorr y about the smell. I've been cooking fish.
know, understand, like to talk about an unfinished situation. NOT l'•ve coolced fish.
How long have you known Jon?

the passive when the agent is obvious, not

important or unknown.
Form the passive with be+ past participle. In a passive sentence, the
A man's been arrested on suspicion of
agent (the doer of the action) may or may not be mentioned.
murder.
active passive I hate being watched when I'm practising
He's followed everywhere
Tai Chi.
present The press follows him
simple everywhere. by the press. I'm being sent a large number of spam
--
emails these days.
present The police are monitoring his His emails are being
• in more formal texts (e.g. academic
continuous emails. monitored by the police.
writing, scientific reports) and certain
past Fire destroyed the building. The building was
text types (e.g. some newspaper articles,
simple destroyed by fire. ·- radio/TV news).
present Someone's eaten my My sandwich has been
The issue is discussed later in this paper.
perfect sandwich. eaten.
No survivors have been found in the
will Someone will tell you. You'll be told. disaster.
modals We can't do
·-it-- now. --!-------·----
It can't be done now. ·- • to create a distance between the agent
-ingform I don't like people criticising me. I don't like being criticised. and the action, for example to avoid
infinitive The organisers want to be responsibility.
The organisers want people to
with to give feedback. given feedback. All complaints will be taken seriously.
In formal writing the following construction
Use the passive: is often used:
• to emphasise the main focus of a text or sentence. It is said/believed/reported/thought/
The company has apologised for losing email details of hundreds of its understood ... that ..
customers. The details were le� on a train by a member of staff. It is reported that a shockingly large
In the second sentence the writer uses the passive to keep the focus proportion of the world population is out
of the text on the email details and not on the person who left them. of work.

·--
2.3 opinions agreeing partially agreeing disagreeing
Use these expressions to express That makes sense. I see your point, but ... Actually, I think ...
your opinion: I see what you mean. I agree to a certain I'm (still) not
I'm (very much) in favour of/(really) against ... Good point. extent, but ... convinced.
Personally/Basically I think/feel/believe that . Exactly/Absolutely/ I Fair enough, but ... I'm not so sure.

-
Definitely. I suppose so.* I (totally) disagree.
I do think/feel/believe that ... I
I agree (with you). I
*We use this when we say we agree but we don't really want to.
2.1 A Complete the answers with the present perfect simple B Write a question about each sentence. Use the
or continuous form of the verbs in brackets. underlined verb in the present perfect simple
1 Why are you looking so pleased with yourself? or continuous form. If both are possible, use the
Because I for some new jeans continuous form.
and I've found a pair I like. (look) 1 I teach biology at the high school.
Because I a new pair of jeans. How long
(just buy) 2 I collect antique books.
2 You look hot. a) How long___________ them?
Yes, I _________ 15 kilometres. (run) b) How many______________?
Yes, I . (run) 3 I study English every evening.
3 What's the matter? How long ______________ it?
We_________ to decide where to go on 4 I'm saving up money for university.
holiday this year. (try) a) How long __________ � ?
We_________ we can't afford a holiday b) How much______________?
this year. (decide) 5 I have a house on a Greek island.
4 What's up with Jake? How long______________ it?
He his knee. (hurt) 6 I know Maria well.
He _________ with Serge again! (fight) How long_______________ her?
5 I feel sick.
That's because you _________ a whole
packet of biscuits. (eat)
That's because you _________ ice cream all
afternoon. (eat)

2.2 A Put the words in the correct order to make sentences. B Complete the article with the correct active or
1 cat's I operated I this I My I being I on I afternoon passive form of the verbs in brackets.
2 be I He'll I later I or I sooner I caught
3 badly I in I fire I was I burnt I the I Kim Google street view helps
4 of I middle I the I in I up I woken I being I mind I find missing child
don't I They I night I the Google Street View 1 has been used (use) to help find a
5 is I the I catches I It I that I bird I worm I said I kidnapped child in rural Georgia. Ten-year-old Maria
early I the Nadal, from Atlanta, Georgia, 2 (find) safely
6 the I asked I whole I I've I give I been I to I speech I at a motel on Tuesday. She 3 (discover) by
Police Officer Ned Beales and Deputy Fire Chief Louis
to I school I a
T homas. They 4 (put) the coordinates from
7 at I by I She's I be I desk I day I to I her I 9a.m. I Maria's mobile phone into Google Street View and were
expected I every able to identify one of the buildings as a motel.
8 monitored I sometimes I emails I supervisor I by I A woman 5 (arrest). She 6_____
their I are I Employees' (believe) to be Maria's grandmother, and family friends
9 hurt I you I care I Someone I get I if I could I take I said that the woman had complained about 7_____
don't (separate) from the little girl. Legal experts say she
10 crash I nobody I It I has I is I survived I believed I
8 (might/give) a warning and a fine rather
the I that than go to prison because she is a family member.

2.3 A Complete the conversation with the words from the box.

I :;, to so point still sure enough it think I

in
A: l'mjfavour of the idea of compulsory school uniforms. B: Fair, but having uniforms stops children expressing
B: Are you? I'm really against. their personality.
A: Well, personally I with uniforms everyone's the same, A: I agree a certain extent, but I do think uniforms provide
rich or poor. a sense of belonging.
B: I see your, but they can be very expensive - especially B: I suppose. But actually I don't think kids really feel any
as children get bigger. less lonely just because they have a uniform on.
A: I'm not so. Kids' clothes are expensive anyway. A: Maybe not, but I'm not convinced.

Ell
3.1 narrative tenses Use the past continuous (was/were+ verb+-ing):
To describe an action in progress
Use the past simple for completed actions in the past
• at a specified time or point in the story.
which tell the main events in a story.
• when another shorter action or event happened
When I arrived, my friends lefr.
(usually in the past simple ).
I arrived
�-- x ----------
friends left
He was sleeping when the plane landed.
now
Use the past perfect simple (had+ past participle ) to link
>.<--
plane landed
. ·. .
� .. ··· ...· ..
sleeping
·· now
the past to a point further back in the past. It is used to
talk about completed actions/events that happened • to set the scene of the story or a section of the story.
before another action/event/the story began. I was walking along the street when I noticed the man.
My friends had lefr by the time I arrived. Use the past perfect continuous (had+ been+verb+-ing)
Or: When I arrived at the restaurant, my friends had lefr. to talk about longer actions or situations which started
Here we say the events (left, arrived) in a different order • before the story began and continued to the beginning
from which they occurred. of a story.The length of the action is often mentioned
with for or since.
friends left
x- x------- ----
I arrived
• before a point or an action in the story and continued
now up to that action.
She had been living there for a week before they met.
with 'thinking' verbs such as realise, remember, forget,
they met
think, find out, discover and also with because.
I suddenly remembered I hadn't phoned Sue. I felt terrible
-->.<
' now
living
because I'd promised to phone her.
• before a point where there is evidence of a recent activity.
David looked very tired because he'd been working all night.

3.2 I wish, If only regrets about the past

Use wish+ past perfect to talk about
wishes about the present
• Use wish+ past simple for things you want to change but it is impossible or things which happened or didn't
happen in the past and which you
not likely.
regret now.
I wish I had more time. (But I don't have more time .)
I wish I'd stayed at home.
I wish you were here. (But you aren't here.)
They wish they hadn't come.
• Use wish+ could to talk about possibilities and abilities you want to change .
I wish I'd never met him.
I wish I could swim. (But I can't .)
• Use wish+ person/thing+ would to talk about things you want to change If only
Use If only instead of wish to talk
because they annoy you. Don't use this to talk about yourself.
about the present or past. It can show
I wish you'd listen to me!
more emotion than I wish although
I wish Pat wouldn't text all the time. NOT I v,·ish I weule s13eelc [Flg,'ish setter.
this depends on intonation.
Notes:
If only we lived nearer my parents.
In formal English, use I wish + were. I wish I were taller.
If only I could afford a holiday
In spoken English it is increasingly common to use I wish+ was.
If only the car would start.
I wish I was there.
If only I'd listened to my teacher.

3.3 expressing likes and dislikes Some of these expressions use special structures to put extra
emphasis on the main point:
expressing likes expressing dislikes What I+ verb (about it)+ be (that)+ key information
I'm a big fan of ... I'm not a big fan of/not that keen on ... What I don't like about it is that some of the dialogue isn't
I'm very/really/ I don't like ... that much. very natural.
quite keen on ... I can't get into ... (compare: I don't like the unnaturalness of some of the
What I like/love I can't stand ... dialogue.)
about it is . .. What I don't like/hate about it is ... The thing I+ verb (about it) + be (that)+key information
The thing I like The thing I don't like/hate about it is ... The thing I liked most about it was the plot.
about it is that ... (compare: I liked the plot most.)
3.1 A Complete the sentences using the B Complete the news story by putting the verbs in brackets in the
correct narrative tense. correct narrative tense. In one case, more than one tense is possible.
Last night I saw Jean at the top of a ladder,
climbing into the upstairs window of
a house. She was using a ladder to get
Missing child found safe and sound

A
through the upstairs window because ... search for a missing child in East Paterson 1 (end)
1 she (forget) her key. happily last week after five-year-old Ricky Ross was found asleep
2 she (rob) the house. in his own room. Last Monday, Julie Ross, the boy's mother,
3 she (paint) the
2 (work) in the front garden when she 3_____
downstairs floors all evening and they (hear) her son cry out. He 4 (play) in the living room but
when she 5 (run) to the house, she 6 (see)
hadn't dried yet.
that the back door was open and there was no sign of her son.
4 she (use) the door all her
Neighbours 7 (join) in the search and when they
life and she wanted a change. 8 (search) in the forest behind the house, they
_____ (find) a few pieces of children's clothing. There was
initial panic but it was soon clear that the clothing 10 (be)
there for years and didn't belong to the boy. Ricky was eventually
found by another child who 11 (go) into the boy's room
while the search 12 (go) on because she 13_____
(hear) a noise from the toy box. When she 14 (open) it,
there was Ricky safe and sound - he 15 (sleep) in the toy
box the whole time, unaware of the panic he had caused .

3.2 A Underline the correct alternative in the B Complete the sentences using the information and the correct form
sentences. of the verbs in brackets.
1 It's difficult to work with Harry because 1 We live in the city and I hate it.
he's quite antisocial. I wish we liked/ If only we (live) in the country.
had liked each other more. 2 The bus is late and my feet are killing me.
2 We're going to be late for the meal.
I wish the bus (come) and I wish I ______ (wear)
I wish you hurried up/'d hurry up. these shoes.
3 I have to take buses everywhere. If only
3 I think we're lost and we don't have GPS.
I knew/had known how to drive.
If only we (know) where we were. I wish we
4 I didn't realise it would be so cold. I wish
_____ (remember) to bring our GPS.
I brought/'d brought my coat with me.
5 We moved to a new flat last year, but 4 The neighbours were playing loud music last night.
I don't like the area. If only we didn't live/ I wish they (play) their music so loudly. If only
hadn't lived here. I (sleep) better, I wouldn't feel so tired now.
6 I never knew your father. I wish I met/ 5 I'm not very advanced because I only started learning English
'd met him. last year.
7 I'd like to join a choir but my voice is If only I (start) learning English when I was younger.
awful. If only I were/would be good at 6 You bite your nails.
singing! I wish you ______ (bite) your nails.
8 I'm sorry but it's impossible. I wish
I would/could help you but I can't.

3.3 A Correct the mistake in each sentence.

1 I don't like opera much that.
2 I can't stand on depressing books like that one.
3 The thing I liked about it most it was the surprise ending.
4 Who I love about Lee's films is that there's always a message.
5 I'm a big fan for historical novels.
6 What I like her acting is that she brings something special to every role.

'"'
7 I don't get into classical music.
8 Thing what I hate about graffiti is that it's just ugly.
4.1 present and past habits past habits
Use the past simple, often with frequency adverbs, for
present habits
regular repeated actions or states in the past.
Use the present simple, often with frequency adverbs
We generally travelled to the campsite by car.
such as usually, always, generally, normally, typically, for
regular repeated actions or states. Use always+ past continuous for annoying habits in
the past.
I usually get on very well with my brother.
NOT I 1:1se te get efl wfth ffl)'' Bi'ether. She was always criticising me.
Use always+ present continuous for a habit which the Use used to+ infinitive for repeated activities or states in
speaker often finds annoying. the past which usually don't continue now.
The people next door are always holding /ate-night parties. Jon used to smoke but he doesn't any longer.
Use will+ infinitive for regular habits. This use of will is It didn't use to be so expensive.
not connected to the future. NOT It di<ifl't 1:1sed te ee se expeF!si·.'C.
On Saturdays /'II usually buy croissants and we'll have Use would+ infinitive for repeated activities in the past.
them for breakfast. Don't use it for states.
Sometimes would has the idea of nostalgia. This use of
would is not connected to conditionals.
We'd sit down together for our meals. Not like families
nowadays. NOT We'd ee very happy.

4.2 future forms predictions

Use will/might/could/won't+ infinitive to make predictions
When talking about the future, the choice of form is
based on opinion. Use with verbs such as think, hope, expect,
often flexible and depends on what the speaker wants to
know, guess, be sure or adverbs such as maybe, perhaps.
express.
I expect Sara will agree. I'm sure everything will be fine.
plans, intentions and decisions
Use will+ definitely!certainly/possibly/probably to say how
Use be going to+ infinitive to talk about general plans, certain you are. Note the word order with won't.
arrangements and intentions about the future. Use might/
Jodie and Al will probably get divorced soon.
could/may+ infinitive when a plan or intention is not You definitely won't get a ticket now.
definite.
Use be likely to+ infinitive for strong possibility and
I'm going to look for a job in New York.
be due to+ infinitive for something that is expected or
We might go away for the weekend.
scheduled to happen.
Use the present continuous to talk about definite She's likely to be tired after the journey.
arrangements or plans.
Meg is due to retire next year.
What are you doing today? I'm having lunch with Mitsuko.
Use going to to make a prediction based on present evidence.
The following phrases can also be used for intentions and
Look at those clouds. It's going to rain.
plans: planning to/hoping to+ infinitive, thinking of+ -ing.
Lisa's going to have a baby.
Pete's hoping to go to university next year.
Are you thinking of leaving the company? future facts
Use will ('II in spoken English) to talk about decisions Use the present simple to talk about schedules
made at the moment of speaking. This is often used with timetables and itineraries.
I think. The course starts in September. We leave at 6a.m.
I'm tired. I think I'll go to bed now. Use will+ infinitive for future facts.
Your dry-cleaning will be ready tomorrow.
I'll be 28 next year.

4.3 describing procedures

the aim of an activity different procedures or steps

The point is to ... Basically the way it works is that the first player ...
The point/goal/aim is for you to ... What happens (next) is that you ...
The first/next/last thing you do is you ...
emphasise an important point After you've finished/done that, you ...

-
The key/main/most important thing is to ... What you have to do is to ...
First,/Next,/After that,/Then,/Finally, you ...
4.1 A Complete the exchanges about present or past habits. B Complete the second sentence so that it means the
Sometimes there is more than one possible answer. same as the first. Use the word(s) in brackets in your
1 A: Did you know John before? answer.
B: Yes, we be at school together. 1 I hate the way Mike comes up behind people and looks
2 A: How are you finding your new flatmate? over their shoulders.
B: She's nice but quite messy. She ______ Mike shoulders.
leaving stuff around the place. (always)
3 A: How often did you see your grandmother when you 2 What was your address before you moved here?
were young? Where live?
B: We see her most weekends. (to)
4 A: Did you ______ enjoy being in swimming 3 I'm quite a spontaneous person and I often start
competitions? conversations with strangers.
B: Actually, no. I _____ felt relieved as soon I'm quite a spontaneous person and
as one was over. __ _____________ conversations
5 A: Is this a photo of you on holiday when you were young? with strangers. (will)
B: Yes, we go to Portugal every year. 4 Pollution was never a rural problem, only an urban one.
6 A: Do you go to the gym regularly? Pollution didn't _____ ·---------
B: Every year I sign up for a year's only an urban one. (be)
membership and then after a month 5 In the 1960s the authorities used to keep track of all
I usually stop going. their citizens' movements.
7 A: I was quite an awkward child. In the 1960s all
B: I remember. You knocking things over their citizens' movements. (would)
and you ______ go red when visitors spoke 6 Peggy used to borrow money all the time and never
to you. pay it back. That was really annoying.
8 A: People who don't work here _____ often Peggy was back.
park their cars here all day. It's outrageous! (borrowing money)
B: Yes, and it's illegal.

4.Z A Cross out the incorrect option in the conversation. B Complete the sentences with an appropriate future
A: Hey Mike, 1 are you coming/are you going to come/ form. Sometimes there is more than one possibility.
will you come on the ski trip this weekend? 1 I (stay) at home this evening, but I
B: Of course. I haven't signed up yet, but haven't decided yet. Maybe I _____ (watch) a
2 I'm likely to do/I'm going to do/I'll do that now. DVD or something.
Where 3 does the bus leave/is the bus due to leave/ 2 Sandra (be) there
is the bus planning to leave from? tomorrow? Then I (definitely/go)!
A: It '·/eaves/might /eave/'s leaving from in front of the 3 The first metro (due/arrive) at Sa.m.
office. but there is an electrical problem so it's
B: Great! What are the snow conditions 5/ikely to/going to/ _____ . (likely/delay)
hoping to be like? 4 Rick (think of/move) abroad. I guess he
A: It's already snowing there now so 6 it's being/ ______ (be) happier there.
it's going to be/it'll be perfect conditions. I'm 7 hoping/ 5 The deadline is midnight tonight, so I ______
thinking/planning to try some of the highest runs. (probably/not finish) the application in time.
B: Great. 8 /'II probably see/I'm seeing/I might see you before 6 I (not see) Ken before the end of the
then, but if not, see you on the bus! afternoon but I (definitely/see) him
tomorrow.

4.3 A Complete the rules

to the game Cyclops
1
it works is Basically that the way you have two players and just one dice. 2thing The is they first do
by putting the roll to see who goes first. 3Then first the player does what is to roll the dice, and add up the
underlined words in
numbers that they roll. 4object is The to get a hundred points. 5point The is to be lucky
enough not to roll a one, because if you get a one, you lose all your points for that
the correct order.

-
turn. 6that is happens What a player gets greedy, thinks he can make a run to a
hundred, but then gets a one and loses it all. That's the best part - it's really funny.
7
to is thing key The work in little steps, end your turn after a few rolls and don't get greedy!
5.1 articles Use the definite article (the):

Use the indefinite article (a/an): when it's clear to the Lia had the children with her.
listener/reader what is (= her children)
with singular countable being talked about I liked the speech you made.
nouns when it is not clear
We got an email from Carla.
which thing or person is She's renting an apartment in when something is The first man on the moon.
being talked about Berlin with a friend. I unique; superlatives It's the fastest car.
i
the first time something is when something has been There's a problem and the
mentioned before
mentioned
There's a problem.
I for oceans, rivers,
problem is money.
in phrases of quantity or The Pacific, the Danube,
organisations, deserts,
2 euros a kilo, 5 days a week,
frequency the UN, the Alps, the Sahara,
mountain ranges, decades the 1990s
70km an hour
Use no article:
in fixed lexical phrases
What's the matter?
The bigger the better.
with plurals and
uncountable nouns to talk
Children need at least eight with an adjective or a The city is divided between
about things in general
hours' sleep. singular countable noun the rich and the poor.
for things in general The tiger could soon be extinct.
for continents, countries, Asia, Spain, Moscow,
towns, roads, stations, Kings Cross Station, Everest, Note: a singular countable noun can never stand alone;
mountains and lakes Lake Garda it must go with a, an, each, every, this, that, his, her, the, etc.

5.2 real and hypothetical conditionals hypothetical/unreal conditionals

real conditionals conditional clause result clause
conditional clause result clause hypothetical
(second) if+ past simple would/could/might/
real (zero) conditional
should+ infinitive
conditional
if+ present simple present simple
Use the hypothetical (second) conditional to talk about a
real (first)
will/going to/can!
if+ present simple hypothetical or unreal situation in the present or future.
conditional
could/may/might/
should+ infinitive In the main clause, use might/could for an uncertain
result. With be, use were or (informally) was.
Use the real (zero) conditional to talk about a real
If Valerie practised more, she could be really good.
situation that is always or generally true with a result
If I were you, I'd leave now.
that always happens.
If you pay by debit card, you get a 5 percent discount. alternatives to if
Use providing/provided (that), on condition that and,
Use the real (first) conditional to talk about a real
less formally, as long as, to mean if and only if, often
possibility in the present or future. In the main clause,
with real conditions, where the speaker or writer has
use may/might/can/could instead of will for an uncertain
real reservations.
result, and use should for advice.
I'll get a university place providing I pass the entrance exam.
Use unless to mean if not.
If you put in the wrong PIN number, the machine will take
your card.
If your card gets stuck, you should ring the number on /'II arrive at lOa.m. unless the train is late.
the machine. Use suppose/supposing, imagine and, less formally, let's
say instead of if when something is unlikely.
Suppose you won the lottery, what would you do?

5.3 suggesting ideas reacting to or commenting on ideas

proposing/suggesting ideas That's a great/fantastic/excellent/idea.

+ I think we should go for X./l'd go for X.
How do you feel about Let's go with that/the health angle.
this idea?
What about
trying something new? I can't make up my mind.
Would you consider Unsure
I'm torn between X and Y.
. strike you?
How does the idea of mak ing a Iii m I That could be a problem.
grab you.?
-

-
It wouldn't be my first choice.
It'd be great if we could It wouldn't work/It doesn't grab me. (inf)
get a celebrity.
Suppose
�.
we I think we're on the wrong track here.
5.1 A Complete
the text with
a/an, the or The Thomas Edisons of food
no article(-).
When people think of '-- inventors, they might think of Thomas Edison and 2__ light bulb or
Gutenburg and 3 __ printing press, but do you know who invented some of the food you eat?
• George Crum was •__ head chef at 5__ resort in Saratoga Springs, New York. One day 6__
customer complained that the French fries were too thick, so Crum sliced 7 __ potato paper-thin and
fried it, just to make 8__ customer happy. And so, 9__ crisps were born.
• Sausages of all sorts have been common in Europe for centuries, but 10 __ hot dogs were first sold
as sausages in buns by German immigrants on the streets of "-- New York City in 12 __
mid-19th century.
• Mayonnaise was probably invented by ' 3__ French chef in 14__ mid-18th century and was first
sold in glass bottles in '5__ USA in 1912.
• Popcorn was invented by Native American Indians, but it's not clear by which group or where 16___
snack food first appeared. Early American settlers ate 17__ popcorn with milk for 18 __ breakfast!
So the next time you're sitting in 19 __ cinema, munching on popcorn and crisps, remember
20__
people who first discovered these treats. Now, who were they again ... ?

5.2 A Complete the sentences with the B Underline the correct alternative in the sentences.
appropriate form of the verbs in brackets. 1 I'll tell you provided/supposing you promise to keep it a secret.
1 If you give me your phone number, 2 We won't go imagine/unless they pay our expenses.
I Pete to call you back. (ask) 3 Supposing/Provided that you lost your job tomorrow, what would
2 Would you be interested if we you do then?
______ you a free trial? (offer) 4 If/Providing that we have enough time, I intend to visit all of my
3 If it , you should wear a relatives.
waterproof jacket. (rain) 5 I'm going to leave unless/if you stop being aggressive with me.
4 If I arrived a day early, it ______ 6 Unless/Imagine we met them in the street; how might you react?
me the chance to look around. (give)
5 I'm going to get worried if she C Complete the sentences so that they mean the same as 1-6 above.
______ soon. (not call) 1 I won't tell you unless
6 If I good with numbers, 2 We won't go if
I could help you with your homework. (be) 3 What would you do if you ?
7 I may go home early if Anna 4 I intend to visit all of my relatives unless
______ at the party. (not be)
5 I'm going to leave if
8 You a sport if you want to
6 How might you react if we ?
be in great shape like me. (take up)

S.3 A Complete the conversation with the words from the box.

�ink between consider feel go grab sound track dreadful

think
j
A: What do you about naming our language school Tongues4U?
B: That's a idea!
C: How do you about Talk2Me?
A: It doesn't me.
C: Would you Eng/ish246?
B: I think we're on the wrong here. All these numbers.
A: How does Language Lab?
B: Hmmm ... Not bad.

-
C: I'm torn Language Lab and Lingo Lab.
B: Let's with Language Lab then.
6.1 modal verbs and related phrases obligation
Must can express that the obligation is internal, not
present past (only) because of a rule.
have to go had to go I must finish this report - I don't want to annoy the boss.
obligation -
must go Use make someone do something when someone
(strong)
make someone go made someone go forces another person to do something.
should go should have gone My mum makes me study for two hours every night.
obligation
ought to go ought to have gone Use be supposed to especially when the obligation
(mild)
am supposed to go was supposed to go is broken.
lack of I'm not supposed to eat chocolate but ...
don't have to go didn't have to go
obligation lack of obligation/prohibition
mustn't go -
Note the difference between don't have to and mustn't:
prohibition
can't go couldn't go You don't have to arrive before 5p.m. (it's not necessary)
(strong)
am not allowed to go wasn't allowed to go You mustn't arrive before 5p.m. (you're not allowed to)
shouldn't go shouldn't have gone
prohibition permission
oughtn't to go oughtn't to have gone
(mild) Use let+ someone or allow someone to to say that
am not supposed to go wasn't supposed to go
someone gave permission to someone.
can go could go
Do you think she'll let me take a day off?
am allowed to go was a II owed to go
permission My company allows us to work from home one day a week.
may go might go
let someone go let someone go ability
can/can't go could/couldn't go For ability on a single occasion in the past, use was/
am/am not able to go was/wasn't able to go were able to or managed to (not could).
ability
manage/ managed/ He was able to find his way out of the forest and get help.
- don't manage to go didn't manage to go NOT Ile could{ifld his way ...
Use manage to for something that is/was difficult to do.
He managed to run the race in under three hours.

6.2 future perfect and continuous future perfect

Use will+ have+ past participle to talk about something
future continuous
that will finish before a specific time in the future, often
Use will+ be + -ing form for:
with the preposition by, meaning at the latest.
something that /'II have finished this report by the end of the week.
will be in progress
at or around a now
specific future time. d r i v i n g
/'II be driving home when you call, so just leave a message. ? ��
? ? ?
something that will happen in the normal course of I
now the end of the week
events, not as part of a particular intention or plan.
I expect I'll be talking to Jan tomorrow, so I could ask It's possible to use other modals, adverbs and phrases
him then. with both forms.
Note: We can use this meaning to introduce requests in I might have finished/I definitely won't have finished!
a neutral way. I'd like to have finished by then.
A: Will you be passing the postbox? This time next week I could be relaxing/I'll probably be
B: Yes. relaxing/I'd like to be relaxing on a beach.
A: In that case, could you post this for me?

6.3 persuading Use negative questions when you want to persuade

someone by inviting them to agree with you.
Use the following phrases to persuade someone by giving
a strong opinion: Don't you agree/think (that) texting is harmful for
Isn't it true/obvious that children's writing?

-
Surely
parents need to take more Shouldn't people
Clearly spend more time at home?
responsibility for their kids' education. Doesn't she want to
Anyone can see that
6.1 A Underline the correct alternatives in the blog. B Rewrite the sentences. Use the word in brackets so
that the meaning stays the same.
HOME » TRAVEL 1 I fell asleep. It was difficult. (manage)
I ____________________�
Traveller's ioumal - Changing times
2 We stayed for dinner. There was no choice. (to)
... it was the 1980s and travel there was very restricted back We ___________________�
then. Of course you 'had ta/must get a visa to enter the 3 He gave me permission to listen to my MP3 player. (let)
country as well as a permit to travel to most cities. Or at least
you 2shou/d/were supposed to get a permit; I didn't always
He ____________________
get _one, and once without a permit I 3could/managed to go 4 It was too dark to see anything. (not able)
to a town that foreigners technically •couldn't/didn't have to He ___________________
go to. The police called me in and 5made/let me answer 5 It's a good idea for her to leave before dark. (ought)
questions. I spoke the language a little so I was 6 able to/
allowed to communicate with them. Once they were
She _________________
convinced that I wasn't a spy, they 'allowed/let me go and 6 The rule was to pay before going in. We didn't pay at all.
I was 8 allawed to/able stay there as long as I wanted. (suppose)
Of course, it's changed so much now. You still 9must/have to We ___________________�·
get a visa to enter, but you 10 mustn't/dan't have to get a permit 7 The maximum age to enter this disco is eighteen.
to go anywhere within the country. As was always the case, if
(not allow)
you nare able/can speak the language, it's a really enriching
experience, and I think everyone 12ought ta/is supposed to Adults _________________
try to spend at least a few weeks travelling there. 8 I had to change my passport photo. (make)
They __________________

6.2 A Complete the sentences with the future perfect or the B Find and correct the mistakes in A's part of the
future continuous form of the verb in brackets. conversations.
1 The film starts at eight, and it's about two hours long. Conversation 1
At nine, I the film. (watch) A: 1 Will you seeing Frank today?
By eleven, the film . (finish) B: Yes, do you want me to give him a message?
2 Her plane lands at 11.45p.m. A: 2Yes, could you tell him I won't probably have finished
At midnight she for her luggage. the report until tomorrow.
(probably/wait) Conversation 2
By the time we wake up tomorrow, she _______ A: 3Just think - this time tomorrow you'll finish all your
in Madrid. (arrive) exams.
3 The world hotdog-eating champion can eat more than B: I know. That's what keeps me going.
six hotdogs a minute. A: 4And you be celebrating with your friends.
In ten minutes from now, he over sixty Conversation 3
hotdogs. (eat)
A: 5Will you use your computer at lunchtime today?
Tonight in his sleep, he ----- about I've got a problem with mine.
hotdogs! (dream)
B: No, I'm going out and I won't be back till four if you
4 Give me a day to think about it. want to use it till then.
By this time tomorrow, I _ ______. (decide) A: 6 1 might still using it when you get back. The
This time next week, I I had decided technicians might not have fixed mine by then.
differently. (wish)

6.3 A Use the prompts to complete the sentences. Use negative questions where appropriate.
A: 1Do I agree I people I should I able I start a family A: Yeah, 4but does I depend I the individual? Some
when they're teenagers? 18-year-olds might make good parents.
Don't you agree that people should be able to start... B: 5But I sure I they I need I time to sort out their own
B: What, even at 16 or 17? lives first.
A: Yes. 2 Clear I they at the peak of their physical A: 6But I is I it I fact I that in some cultures 18 is a
health. normal age to have a family?
B: 3But I is I it I obvious I most I 17-year-olds aren't B: Yes, 7but I anyone I see I that what works in one

-
even mature enough to be responsible for culture won't necessarily work in every culture.
themselves? A: Hmm. Maybe you're right.
7.1 quantifiers a few/a little= some or a small amount
There's still a little butter left.
100% a large a small 0% few/little= not many/much or not as many/
amount amount much as wanted or expected
a lot of, lots of, some, no, not
or plural nouns all, any
uncountable Very few people came to the meeting.
plenty of, most hardly any any any= It doesn't matter which/who
much, a large
a little, I like Q/1.l!: brand(s) of chocolate.
amount of,
uncountable
little Any is stressed.
a great deal of
nouns
Use both+ plural verb, neither+ singular verb.
several,
many, a large
both(= all a small Both of us run a business but neither of us is
number of,
plural nouns of two) number of, good with numbers.
quite a few
a few, few Another+ singular nouns and numbers=
no, something is additional to the existing number.
not any,
each,
Could I have another piece of cake, please.
singular nouns every, any neither We've got another three meetings today.
(= none
Use the pronoun none for a short answer.
of two)
How much sugar have we got? None.

7.2 reported speech reported questions

Use normal statement word order without do/does/did or
In reported speech, the original verb form often goes back
a question mark.
further into the past. Pronouns, time references, etc. also
change. 'What does Ian think?' She asked me what Ian thought.
NOT She asked me what did lafl thifllc.
direct speech reported speech With yes/no questions, use if or whether.
present simple/continuous past simple/continuous 'Are you OK?' She asked if I was OK.
'/ want to be a chef' He said he wanted to be a chef Also use wanted to know, enquired an_d wondered.
'We're working.' She told me they were working. They wanted to know what time the train left.
past simple/present past perfect reported requests
perfect
Use verb+ object+ infinitive with to.
She told me Ben had phoned
'Ben phoned me last week.' her the week before.
'I've read your book.' He said he'd read my book. 'Could you sing?' He asked us to sing.

will!would!can!could/ would/could/should time phrases and place references

should He said they'd help me the Time phrases and place references usually change.
'We'll help you tomorrow.' next day. now--+ then/at that time
'You can stay with me.' She said I could stay with her. yesterday--+ the day before/previous day
It is not necessary to change the verb form when reporting tomorrow--+ the following/next day
something that is still true now or was said very recently. a week ago --+ the week before
'It's going to rain.' Sam's just said it's going to rain. here--+ there

7 .3 adding emphasis emphasising phrases

pronoun/noun+ be
You're the one who chose it.
+ the one who
auxiliary verbs
add or stress 11 do hate it when people smoke the+ adjective+
auxiliaries indoors. It is annoying. The best thing was the music.
thing+ be
intensifiers
informal phrases
really, so+ any It's so outrageous.
There's no way
adjective or adverb You play really well. There's no way Tom stole the money.
(that) ...
absolutely, What/Who/ Why on earth didn't you say?
completely, totally+ It's completely ridiculous. Where/Why/
extreme adjectives Where on earth did you buy that?

-
How on earth ... ?
such (a/an)+ It'll be such an amazing day.
(adjective) + noun It was such terrible weather.
7.1 A Underline the correct alternative. B Complete sentences 1-10 with a quantifier from
the box.
What does your ringtone say about you?
quite a few a few very few a little very little
Almost everyone now has a mobile phone and 1a great deal/ other another any (xZ) either
a large number/the most of us have our own ringtone.
Is it only so that we can distinguish our own phone from 1 Everyone wanted to get home and so there were
others or is it because 2each/a large number of/both time ____ questions at the end of the lecture.
our phone rings we want to be able to say, 'Listen to 2 I'm afraid I've spilt juice on the carpet.
that. That's me!'? Maybe 3either/both/each reasons are
true. Here is a quick guide to 4some/jew/a little typical 3 of the students (four of us to be exact)
ringtones and what they say about their users. have signed your petition.
If your ringtone is 5either/bothlneither a clumsy sounding 4 I've watched basketball games,
tune or a current hit, then you are young at heart but probably twenty or thirty, but I've never seen such an
not particularly original. exciting match.
6
Any/All/Either classic country tune means you're 5 Carla couldn't afford a taxi because she had
probably over thirty but you know you're still cool. ______ money left.
7
Not much/Afew/Very few people think annoying animal 'save' or 'save as' and
noises are as funny as the phones' owners obviously do. 6 You can click on
So 8no/none/neither points for maturity there. then give the document a name.
You download a new one every month? You must be a 7 Are you having other problems with
teenager or you have 9plenty of/a large number of/ the photocopier?
hardly any time and money. 8 I like music by Jade. She's great.
You never change it? Either you're too lazy or you don't 9 One car isn't enough. We need car.
know how. 10Neither/Both/Any is an acceptable reason! 10 I don't care what people think.

7.2 A Read the questions then complete the reported B Find and correct ten mistakes with reported speech
speech below. in the story.
1 Where have you been all day?
2 What were you watching on TV last night?
My first (and most embarrassing) job interview
3 Have you washed your hands for dinner? I was eighteen when I went for my first job interview, at a
4 1-iave you got any homework for tomorrow? photo laboratory. The manager asked me take a seat and
5 Are you going to help me with the housework this then asked what's my name and I was so nervous that
I told him I don't understand the question. Then he wanted
weekend? to know do I have any plant experience; I told that I had
done some work in my grandmother's garden. He laughed
My mother used to ask me questions at the strangest and said that by 'plant' he had meant 'factory', not trees and
times: flowers. I felt terribly embarrassed and simply told him that
• When I came home from school she wanted to know I have never worked in a factory. He had my file of photos
where I... and he asked that I talked about them. I was so nervous that
I dropped them all on the floor! Then he asked me if I have
• The morning after we'd spent the evening watching any referees; I thought he meant the kind of referees they
TV together, she asked me 2______ have in a football match, so I told him that I didn't play team
• At 10 in the morning, she used to ask 3______ sports but that I had been doing long-distance running for
• In the middle of the summer holiday, she asked years. I was sure that I'd messed up the interview, but then
he enquired when I can start! He wanted me that I start the
following Monday!
• When she knew I was going on a weekend camping ...................... . . . ........ . .................

trip with friends, she asked 5______ Po,�t�.�.b.Y..Clnli�e.8.l°.�.?.t.�.•��.P.1\1 ...

7.3 A Make the soap opera script more dramatic by using the words in brackets. Make any other changes necessary.
A: What's the matter? You look terrible. (on earth)
B: I've just seen Marco with Claudia. I'm furious, I can hardly speak. (so)
A: That's crazy. I'm sure there's a mistake. Why don't you call him? (totally)
B: I'm not going to phone him. (there's no way)
A: But Marco's a great guy and you're good together. (such, so)
B: Well, you can be sure that Claudia's going to regret it. (really)

•
A: I hope you're not going to do anything stupid. (do)
B: You told me to fight for him. I'm just following your advice. (the one)
8.1 past and mixed conditionals mixed conditional
hypothetical past conditional (third conditional) conditional clause result clause
If+ past perfect would/might/could+ infinitive
conditional clause result clause
ff+ past perfect would/might/could+ have + Use this to talk about a hypothetical condition in the past
If+ past perfect continuous past participle with a result in the present.
ff she hadn't missed her plane, she'd be in Mexico now.
Use this to talk about a hypothetical situation and result ff I'd been successful in the exam, I might have a better
in the past. The situation cannot be changed. job now.
clause order
If Leon had known about the problem, he would have helped.

It is possible to change the order of the clauses. Note the

If you hadn't overslept, we wouldn't have been late.
For a longer action, use the past perfect continuous. non-use of the comma.
If I hadn't been sitting there, we wouldn't have met.
You would have known about the meeting if you'd checked
It is common to use only one clause of the full conditional. your emails.
Why didn't you tell me you wanted some grapes? I could You wouldn't need a visa to work in Australia if you'd been
have bought you some. born there.
I'm surprised Paul didn't tell her what he thought.
I would have said something.
A: Would you have done it? B: Yes, if I'd noticed in time.

8.2 -ing form and infinitive -ingform Examples

Doing is better than
Use an infinitive+ to: Examples as a subject or object, i.e. as a noun.
thinking.
after these verbs: afford, agree, I'm not used to
after prepositions (often part of a
We hope to start the
arrange, decide, expect, hope, intend, getting up early. I'm
fixed phrase): look forward to,
meeting at 9.
learn, manage, need, offer, plan, looking forward to
pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, They promised to be be used to, be accustomed to,
here early. sleeping late this
threaten, want be keen on, instead of
weekend.
after these verbs with an object: ask, Will wants me to go Dave came fishing
after these verbs: avoid, come,
advise, expect, help*, invite, persuade,
to the party with him. with me.
remind, require, teach, want
consider. discuss, deny, enjoy, go, I keep getting
After semi-fixed phrases: be good/
lucky/happy/necessary/the first,
She was lucky to get
the job. I hate, involve, keep, like, love, mind,
miss, practise, suggest
headaches.
What do you suggest
have the chance/opportunity/time, doing?
There's nowhere to go
and nothing to do.
somewhere/something/nowhere/
nothing after certain phrases: can't bear/
We're having trouble
I'm going there to see
stand, it's not worth, it's no use,
finding a hotel.
to express purpose Tom.
have trouble

Use an infinitive: Examples

after modal verbs They might be late.
after had better, would rather You'd better take an umbrella - it looks like rain. *help can be used either
with or without to.
after these verbs with an object: let, make, help* Our supervisor let us go early today. Can you help me (to) lift this?

8.3 handling an awkward situation suggesting a solution

I have a suggestion/an idea.
preparing the listener
I'd feel better if ...
I've been meaning to talk to you about.
There's something I -------·· --------- .
I'd like to talk to you about. getting the other person's point of view
Do you see where I'm coming from?
giving the message
How does that sound?
I hope you don't take this the wrong way, but ... How would you feel about that?
I don't want you to get the wrong idea, but ... Do you know what I mean?
It's just that, (you know you borrowed/you said you'd .. . etc.)
8.1 A Choose the correct sentence ending. B Join the sentences using a past or mixed conditional
1 If the builders had begun the job two weeks ago, form and the words in brackets. In some cases both
a) they might have finished it by now. forms are possible.
b) they might finish it by now. 1 Beth didn't study. She didn't pass the exam. (could)
2 If Chun had started the race better, If Beth had studied, she could have passed the exam.
a) she could win the gold medal. 2 You didn't invite me to the party. That's why I didn't
come. (would)
b) she could have won the gold medal.
3 Ludmila lost all her money on the stock market.
3 We wouldn't be lost That's why she's not rich now. (would)
a) if you hadn't given me the wrong directions. 4 Greg wasn't travelling fast. That's probably why he
b) if you gave me the wrong directions. didn't hit the motorcyclist. (might)
4 If Marco hadn't ignored my advice, 5 They stopped the fire. That's probably why it didn't
a) he wouldn't be in this mess now. destroy most of the building. (could)
b) he couldn't have been in this mess now. 6 The plant died because you didn't water it. (would not)
5 I would have noticed the hole in the ground 7 Mei-Ii was able to afford a new car because she had just
a) if I hadn't thought about something else. won some money. (could not)
b) if I hadn't been thinking about something else. 8 We were working together in Tokyo and now we're
married. (would not)

8.2 A Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences. B Use the correct form of the verbs in the box to
Do not change the underlined phrase. rewrite the sentences so that they mean the same.
1 It's no use to explain - you never listen anyway.
avoid consider expect keep manage
It's no use explaining - you never listen anyway. remind teach
2 :rhere's no point in go to bed now - we have to get up
in an hour. 1 Why don't you become a doctor?
3 Do you expect that I know all the answers? Have
4 Listen to your MP3 player during class is rude. 2 I've passed my driving test - after three tries!
5 My parents never let me to stay out past 8 o'clock. I've
6 We all look forward to see you in person. 3 I can type without looking. I learnt that from my
7 You'd better to get ready - the taxi's arriving in ten mother.
minutes. My mother
8 The trip was a good opportunity practising speaking 4 We didn't talk to each other all through the party.
English. We
9 They're used to speak English with each other even 5 Jorge thinks that he'll finish the painting by the end of
though they're both Japanese. the week.
10 I phoned the station for asking about departure Jorge
times. 6 My computer freezes whenever I hit the delete button.
My computer
7 Don't let me forget to lock the door, Jan.
Could you ?

8.3 A Complete the conversation with phrases a)-f). There is one phrase you do not need.
A: Max, 1 a) How does that sound
B: Sure, go ahead. b) It's just that
A: Look, 2 c) there's something I've been meaning to talk
B: That sounds bad . . . to you about
A: 3 you know how you always open the window when d) I'm sure we can sort it out
you come into the office? Well, it's often too cold for me. e) Do you see where I'm coming from
B: Oh, right. I find it too stuffy. f) I don't want you to get the wrong idea, but
A: It's a bit annoying because you don't ever ask us. 4 _____?
B: Fair enough. Look, I'll make sure I check fost. 5_____?

'""
A: Good. I'd really appreciate that.
9.1 -ing form and infinitive Verbs followed by the -ing form or
infinitive with to with no difference in
+ infinitive with to +-ingform meaning
for things you plan, want or have a memory of an earlier These include: like, love, hate, prefer,
remember have the responsibility to do action can't stand, can't bear, start, begin
forget He remembered to turn off /'II never forget visiting Paris. I hate writing/to write by hand.
the lights. I much prefer using/to use a computer.
attempt to do something experiment to see if In American English, the infinitive with
difficult something will work to is often preferred. In British English,
try
Angus tried to change his Tryc/icking on OK in the box. this is often used to talk about choices
ticket but it was impossible. and habits.
stop one action in order to do finish an action or activity I like to go to the dentist twice a year.
another (infinitive of purpose) My father stopped driving I hate to interrupt, but we have to go.
stop
We stopped to have some when he was eighty. If the verb after prefer is in the negative,
lunch.
use the infinitive with to.
for a change of activity continue
I prefer not to write by hand.
go on She started by defining Joe went on working although
obesity and went on to talk he wasn't well. When we use the verbs begin, continue and
about its causes. start in continuous forms we usually use
the infinitive with to.
be sorry about something be sorry about something
regret you are about to say you did before They're beginning to annoy me.
BA regrets to announce a We regretted going to the NOT The'y''re begirlfling enne'y'ing me.
delay of flight BA5276. party. It was awful.

�- --··- -- ---- - --·- --·- ----

9.2 past modals of deduction you are almost certain
must
that something is true, I must have deleted the email.
Use modal verb+ have+ past participle to have I can't find it anywhere.
based on the evidence
make deductions or guesses about past
actions or states. might/ you think it is possible The plane could have been delayed
could/ that something is true, by the weather There's a bad storm
You could have left it in the cafe. may have based on the evidence at sea.
Use modal verb + have+ been+ -ing form to
you are almost certain
make deductions about continuous actions couldn't/
something is not true or It can't have been the waitress.
or states. can't
is impossible, based on
She wasn't in the room when the
She must have been feeling ill. have
the evidence bag was stolen.
- -
Use modal verb+ have+ been + past Note: have+ past participle (the perfect infinitive) is also used with
participle for deductions using the passive. other modals: should have (been) and would have (been).
It can't have been stolen from your bag.

9.3 reporting an incident other phrases for reporting -

referring to time It never occurred to me
(that) he was a thief.
It didn't cross my mind --
Before/As soon as/ I realised what had happened/
When was happening ... My mind/I went blank.
It was only (a (that) I realised/remembered ... the car number plate.
I didn't catch
minute/much) later I what he said.
--·
It all happened so quickly/fast/slowly.

describing impressions of a person or thing

He reminded me of Tom Cruise.
as if he was a student.
He looked/seemed like a student.
II
about 30/very strong.
9.1 A Match the 1 I tried drinking the medicine b a) but I couldn't - it was too disgusting.
sentence 2 I tried to drink the medicine b) but it didn't help.
halves. 3 He stopped to smoke a) a cigarette before continuing.
4 He stopped smoking b) because he wanted to get fitter.
5 Julia remembers to text me a) whenever she needs a lift from the station.
6 Julia remembers texting me b) but I didn't get any messages from her.
7 Xavier went on to perform a) even though audiences became smaller and smaller.
8 Xavier went on performing b) in all of the best opera houses in the world.
9 We regret saying a) that the car won't be ready till Monday.
10 We regret to say b) that the Games would be a failure .

B Underline
Most people prefer not 1getting/to get involved in a crime investigation, according to Detective Jaime Lopez. 'I'll give
the correct
you an example: said Lopez. 'Last week we were just starting 2investigatinglto investigate a car theft that had
alternative. happened in broad daylight in the city centre, and we realised that our biggest challenge might be to find someone
Sometimes who remembered 3 seeinglto see anything at all. We estimate that twenty or thirty people witnessed the crime but
both are no one tried 4intervening/to intervene and most people went on 5doinglto do what they were doing. Interestingly, one
possible. tourist stopped 6takinglto take pictures of the theft in process but then continued sightseeing. He only came forward
three da y s after the incident. "Sorry, I forgot 7tellinglto tell you that I have some pictures of the crime:· he said, but he
didn't seem genuinely to regret 8not coming forward/to not come forward earlier. We tried 9identifyinglto identify the
thief from the tourist's photograph but it wasn't clear enough: We asked Lopez how he can bear 10doinglto do such
ru 2
�-� _ 5:_ tr.a �i��)?.�·.:! .!i��.'.i.��/ei �.?.�t?.�_elP...P.�?.P.l�:.!.!?".':.��!�.��Y.-..'..����:..��?.P..'.. �_;�?.�t?.�.�--�1 .�::1..1..1.i".'.e..��:.�:............................

9.2 A Rewrite the underlined sentence with must/might/ B Complete the conversations with the correct form of a
may/could/can't/couldn't have. verb from the box and a modal of deduction.
1 Perhaps Jenna phoned while we were out. Let me
check on the answerphone.
I look tell think cost work switch off I
Jenna might have phoned while we were out. 1 A: Look at her necklace. Are those real diamonds?
2 Knock louder. You know he's a bit deaf. I'm sure he B: Yes. It a fortune!
didn't hear you. 2 A: I tried phoning Mike four times but he didn't answer.
3 I locked the door. I'm certain. Maybe the thieves got B: He his phone or maybe he left it at home.
in through the window. 3 A: Why was Danielle in the office at midnight?
4 I can't find the final version of the report in my B: She late. She had a big meeting the
computer. I realised it was impossible that I saved next day.
the document. 4 A: I'm sure Len told me you were a doctor.
5 Ooh, that was a bad knock to your head. I'm certain B: He of my sister, Rachel, or maybe he
it hurt a lot. confused me with someone else.
6 I don't know why Wanda was late for the meeting. 5 A: I've lost my boarding card. It's not in my bag!
Maybe her plane was delayed.
B: You properly. I saw you put it there
7 I'm sure I've made a mistake. The date looks wrong. just now.
8 Paola should have won the race. It's impossible that 6 A: Do you think Yves knows he didn't get the promotion?
she was trying hard enough.
B: I suppose he by the boss but I doubt it.

9.3 A Correct each of B's sentences by adding a word B: 31 saw him near the factory. He looked as he was taking
from the box. photos of the building.
A: Do you remember anything else?
looked realised crossed occurred if strange
B: 'When he saw me, he left quickly and he guilty.
A: Why didn't you phone us when you first saw the
A: Why didn't you call someone right away?
man behaving strangely?
B: 51t was only later that I that there was something strange
B: 1 1t never my mind until I saw the picture on
about how he left.
Crimebeat on TV.
A: Maybe he'd finished?

-
A: And when you saw Crimebeat . . . ?
B: 61 don't know. It just seemed quite but then I didn't think
B: 2lt to me then that I should contact you.
any more about it till I saw the programme.
A: We appreciate that. Tell me what happened.
10.1 relative clauses non-defining relative clauses
• give additional, non-essential information.
defining relative clauses
• give essential information about a noun. That's Sam, who is going to play the president.
• use commas to separate this clause from the rest of
That guy is the actor who is going to play the president.
the sentence.
Don't use commas before or after the clause. • cannot use that instead of who or which.
can use that instead of who or which.
The film, which won the Oscar last year; was made in In,
Ken's just seen a woman whe that he went to university with. NOT The film, thet WOFI the Oscer lest yeer, was made iFI I
can omit the relative pronoun/adverb when it is the cannot omit the relative pronouns/adverbs.
object of the relative clause.
Gwen, who I'm going to see later; is my fiance.
Ken's just seen a woman (who) he went to university with.
NOT Gwrn, I'm goiflg to see later; is my- fience.
He is the subject of the relative clause, who is the • can use which to refer to the whole of a previous clause.
object,so we can omit who.
The plane was delayed, which meant we were late.
pronouns and adverbs in relative clauses
prepositions in relative clauses
Use the relative pronouns who/that (people), which/that
In informal spoken and written English prepositions
(things), whose (possession) and the relative adverbs
usually come at the end of the relative clause.
when (time) and where (place).
This is the book which she's famous for.
I remember the time when you were just a little girl.
In formal and in written English prepositions often come
Whose can be used to refer to cities,countries and other nouns
before the relative pronoun. Use whom for people.
which suggest a group of people. It is rarely used with things.
He is someone with whom I can work.
It's a city whose inhabitants always seem to be upbeat.
Where can be replaced by which ... in, or,in more formal
Omit words which have been replaced by the relative
English in which.
pronoun.
The room where she slept/which she slept in/in which
NOT She's someone who I know FteF well.
she slept is over there.

10.2 participle clauses • Clauses beginning with a present participle have an

active meaning.
• Use �articiple clauses (clauses that start with a present
The team playing in red is Chile.
part1c1ple or a past participle) to vary your style or to
= The team that is playing in red ...
include more information in a sentence.
Do you know the man standing in the corner?
Use them as a shorter alternative to relative clauses.
= the man who is standing ...
In this use they are also known as 'reduced relative
clauses'. Form the participle clause by omitting the Clauses beginning with a present participle replace
relative pronoun and any auxiliary verbs. continuous and simple verbs in different tenses.
Clauses beginning with a past participle have a passive Give me a number beginning with three.
meaning. = Give me a number which begins with three.
The children caught in the rainstorm came home soaked. Anyone cheating in the exam failed.
= The children who were caught ... = Anyone who cheated in the exam failed.
The film, directed by Miyakazi, won an award for animation. The bus leaving tomorrow will stop at Lima.
= which was directed by Miyakazi ... = The bus which is leaving/leaves tomorrow ...

10.3 giving a tour giving facts

to celebrate ...
commenting on facts
r-;-----:='---:-:----- built to commemorate ...
A s you may know,/As I'm sure you know, ... � in honour of ...
The story goes that ...
I I founded by/
Apparently,/Supposedly,/1 nterestingly, ... (Thomas Bodley).
named after
rprising / S trangely / Believe it or not ,
s� _ _ _ _ l_ y
_ , _ _ (going/seeing/a
, ..:..:.: isit)
� � - _ _ _ _··-·�����_ I It was modelled on/
. Its_ _ well
L worth -
(the Arc de Triomphe).
_ � � � � � � �� � � � v J modelled after
--·
leading the way burnt down

-
destroyed in the 15th century.
Let's/We could head over to

L
the park.
rebuilt in the 1990s.
Shall we head back to restored
the cafe? -
Why don't we retrace our steps to
-- __]
10.1 A Combine the sentences using a relative clause. Omit the relative B Add the missing prepositions (for,
pronoun where possible. Sometimes there is more than one answer. from, in, on, to or with). There is one extra
1 The man is marrying Suzanne. He's very lucky. preposition you do not need.
The man ____________________ ___ 1 It was the house which I spent my
2 The house burnt down yesterday. I used to live in it. childhood.
The house ______________________ 2 It was a lesson which I'll always be
3 Pablo Picasso spent his early childhood in Malaga. His father was also grateful.
an artist. 3 She's definitely the woman whom he
wants to spend the rest of his life.
Pablo Picasso-------------------- -
4 That was the most important moment of my life. I realised I wanted 4 The cinema I most often go is the Odeon
to be an actor. in the town centre.
The moment _____________________ 5 Funnily enough, it was the planning
which we spent the most time.
5 The holiday was in Canada. I enjoyed it most.
6 He was an athlete whom success came
The holiday _____________________
as naturally as his speed.
6 Usain Bolt is a global superstar. He was the first man to win six gold
7 He was a friend I could always depend.
Olympic medals in sprinting.
8 You're the person who we always turn
Usain Bolt,----------------------
when a speech is needed.
7 I lived with a guy when I was a student. His hobby was fixing
motorbikes.
When I was _____________________
8 You should make a speech. This is that sort of occasion.
This is ______________________�

10.2 A Complete the sentences with the present or past B Combine the sentences using a participle clause and
participle form of the verb in brackets. the correct punctuation. Sometimes there is more than
1 A beret is a type of flat hat often on one possibility.
one side of the head. (wear) 1 The taxi almost drove over a man. He was lying in the
2 The large number of people outside street.
meant the doctor would be working late that night. 2 Sunflowers was painted by Van Gogh. It's one of the
(wait) most popular paintings ever.
3 Items permanently from your inbox 3 The army advanced towards the hill. It was led by
can usually be found again if you know where to look. Napoleon.
(delete) 4 I don't know the people. They live next door to me.
4 I knew two people in the fire. (injure) 5 I used to like block-busters. They involved lots of action.
5 Babies in a bilingual household have 6 The apartments overlook Central Park. They are the
more flexible brains. (bring up) most expensive.
6 The dance place tomorrow is to 7 Some factories were forced to close during the
celebrate the end of the exams. (take) recession. They still haven't reopened.
8 Many people think that the Taj Mahal is the most
beautiful building in the world. It was built in the
seventeenth century.

10.3 A Correct eight mistakes in A's part of the conversations.

1 A: So here we are at Margit Island,named from a nun 3 A: That's the Vajdahunyad Castle. It was modelled from
whose father was once king. a castle in Transylvania.
B: Wow! It's beautiful. B: And why was it built?
A: Yeah,interesting at one time it was three islands A: It was built for the city's millennium exhibition in
and only used by people who had land here. 1896,to memorise the one-thousand-year
2 A: Supposingly these caves run for miles. anniversary of the founding of the state.
B: What were they for? 4 A: Let's retrace our feet to Castle Hill.
A: The story tells that when there was an invasion,the B: Great. We hardly spent any time there this morning.
local people hid in these tunnels. A: Exactly,and the museum is well worse a visit.

MUM
 Lesson 1.1 PERSONALITY ADJECTIVES
1 A Match the adjectives in the box with descriptions 1-10.
c-�utiou;-· eccentric flexible genuine mean moody naive I
l sympatheti':_ trustwort�_9utgoing
1 My frie n d always has time for me when I've got a problem. She seems
to u n derstand and wants to help.
2 Cheung always takes a long time to make up his mind and he's
careful to avoid problems or danger.
3 Joe thought his first job would be easy and people would be nice.
He soon learnt differently!
4 I really like your fiance - he seems honest and sincere.
5 Lucia is a great tourist guide because she's so friendly a n d enjoys
meeting people.
6 My last teacher wasn' t very kind. She often laughed at students when
they made mistakes.
7 Noriko is a great additio n to the team. She adapts quickly to new
situations and doe sn't mind change.
8 Karl acts a bit stran ge sometimes and wears the oddest clothes, but he's
a good guy.
9 You ca n tell Marta a secret and you know she'll never tell anyone else.
10 Sam's a typical teenager. He always seems to be unhappy or else he
suddenly gets angry for no reason.
B What type of personality do you think the people in photos A-C have?

Lesson 1.2 WORD BUILDING

2 A Complete the table with the verb forms of the nouns. C Complete the questions with nouns from the table.
Sometimes you need to use a plural form.
1 Is your easy to read and has it
, -tion/ , identification
verb suffix noun

1 -ation appreciation changed over the years?

2 How do you show your for good
identify

s ervice in a hotel?
-ment j argument
3 Have you ever taken classes in self-______
or are you con fident you could look after yourself
-- in an emergency?
ent

r -i-en� :�� 4 Are you studying E n glish for business or for

ldefence
I ---
5 In a group situation, do you make a lot of
I _____ ?

1-ure signature _____ or are you fairly quiet until you

,
___ L . ple sure
�-
__ _ _ J
have something important to say?
6 Do you have a for a particular type
of music?
B Add the verbs below and their noun forms to the
7 Do you carry any with you, such as
table.
your passport?
Mii.U 8 Do you enjoy having heated with
people or do you tend to avoid them?
9 Have you ever written a for
someone for a job or to go to university?

-
10 Can you remember a teacher who had a strong
influence on your as a person?

- �­
D Work in pairs and ask and answer the questions.
 Lesson 2.1 ISSUES
1A Match the words in the box to the photos.
Which words are not in the photos?

flood volcanic eruption earthquake

homelessness drought landslide drug abuse
domestic violence debt obesity

B Match the remaining problems in the box to news

items 1-6.
1 A recent report has put the number of overweight
adults at one in every three.
2 The amount of money owed by each household in the
country has more than doubled in the last ten years.
3 The number of people sleeping out on the streets
has gone down in recent years.
4 A new rehabilitation centre has opened to help
people to overcome their addiction.
5 One incident is reported to police every minute but
many women are too frightened to come forward.
6 In schools all over the region, children are taught what
to do when they feel the ground begin to shake.
C Write natural disaster (ND), social issue (S) or
health issue (H) next to each item. Some can be
more than one.

Lesson 2.1 VERBS/NOUNS WITH THE SAME FORM

2A Underline a word in each question which has the same noun/verb form.
1 What's the worst delax- you've ever experienced on a flight?
2 Do you have an exam at the end of the course or does your teacher test your English every week?
3 Do you ever shout when you're angry or do you take a deep breath and count to ten?
4 Would you ever queue overnight for a product you've seen in a sale?
5 When you're cooking, do you weigh everything exactly or do you just make a guess?
6 Is the best cure for a headache to take a pill or just to relax?
7 Do you think people should get a fine for driving too fast or should they lose their licence?
8 In a restaurant, do you complain if the service is bad? Do you always tip the waiter if it's good?
9 Would you ever lie or do you always tell the truth?
10 When you compare yourself to other people, are you quite calm or are you often in a hurry?

B Work in pairs and discuss the questions.

IHI
 Lesson 3.1 VERBS USED IN STORIES
1A Match the verbs with the pictures.
1 whisper 4 crawl
2 yawn 5 wander
3 gaze 6 sigh
B Rewrite the sentences from stories. Replace
the underlined words with the correct form of
a word from Exercise lA.
1 She would sit and look at photographs of
exotic places for hours, and simply let out a ill
long breath of sadness, knowing she would
never leave her house.
2 His conversation was so dull that after a
while she opened her mouth wide in boredom
and walked away.
3 There was a small space at the bottom of the
fence, so he went under on his hands and knees. !
j--­
L____
4 She said her name softly, as if it were �
some sort of secret only I should know.

a
;
L........
5 He walked through the city with no destination
ID
J!
in mind, turning left or right at random.
6 When he reached the river, he looked out at
the water without focusing, his mind lost in
I
thought.

Lesson 3.2 MULTI-WORD VERBS

2A Look at the sentences and answer the questions C Replace the noun in bold in each sentence with
about the multi-word verb bring up. the pronoun in brackets.
1 We brought up Simon to be polite. him
2 We brought Simon up to be polite. 1 Kieron wanted the job but they turned J. down
Kiereft. (him)
3 We brought him up to be polite.
2 The shop had some great clothes but the loud
a) Where can you put a noun object?
music put off Lena. (her)
b) Where must you put a pronoun object?
3 Fifty people wanted to be extras in the film and the
B Which is the most useful way or ways for you to director took on all fifty people. (them all)
record this feature of a multi-word verb? 4 Senor Almeida isn't here at the moment. Can you
ring Senor Almeida back? (him)
1 To bring up (separable) 5 I finished the essay last night and gave in the essay
2 To bring sb up. this morning. (it)
3 They brought me up to be cautious with money. 6 If I don't know new words, I just look up the words in
my electronic dictionary. (them)

-
7 The sound of the doorbell at Za.m. woke up
everyone. (us)
8 Is that a new coat? Anyway, take off the coat and
hang up the coat here. (it, it)
Lesson 4.2 Lesson 4.3 SPORTS AND ACTIVITIES
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
2A Cross out the collocation which is NOT possible.
1A Rewrite the sentences to include an 1 beat I win I tackle I defeat I lose to+ an opponent
uncountable noun from the box. 2 win I lose I play I beat I draw+ a match
3 throw I bowl I score I pass I bounce+ a ball
fumiture trouble information
weather room luggage advice 4 get I shoot I score I miss I let in+ a goal
news equipment research 5 do+ weight-training I judo I chess I earobic
6 play+ athletics I baseball I snooker I football
1 The chairs and desks were relatively
inexpensive. B Write the correct collocation under the photos A-F.
The furniture was relatively inexpensive.
2 There are a lot of suggestions
available to help with debt.
3 Are there any places left on the
course?
4 Scientific papers show that obesity
has doubled over the last decade.
5 The economic reports from the
World Bank are disturbing.
6 Chris has problems hearing clearly.
7 What a terrible day!
8 The sports items are stored in that
cupboard over there.
9 Are there any details available about
the free trial?
10 Where are my suitcases?

B Cross out the noun that does NOT

collocate with the phrase in the middle
of each word web.

information

advice research C Which of these sports, games and activities have you tried?
Which would you like to try?
equipment

3A Look at the common phrases and idioms in bold which come from
some of the sports above. Match each phrase 1-6 with its meaning a)-f).
1 I've told you what I want to do, now the ball is in your court.
2 Shall we kick off today's lesson by looking at our latest blog entries?
luggage news 3 I think that 70,000 euros is probably in the ballpark for that house.
4 I was very impressed by Jamal. He's really on the ball.
trouble
5 We need to discuss how to tackle the problem quickly.
6 It's a whole new ballgame for me, I've never directed a video before.
a) a completely new situation
b) to deal with a problem in a determined way
c) to start something happening
transport furniture d) a reasonably accurate estimate
e) the next move is yours
C Which of the nouns can fit with one
or both of the other two phrases? f ) able to think or understand or react to something very quickly

A piece of clothing . . . B Do you have similar expressions in your language?

IHI
 Lesson 5.1
COMPOUND ADJECTIVES
1A Match the beginnings and endings to
make compound adjectives for products.
1 long- a) proof watch
2 high- b) efficient light bulb
3 pocket- c) life batteries
4 water- d) activated dictaphone
5 voice- e) in dishwasher
. .....-1

�'
6 built- f) powered torch ----,
... J:.�,�,

/' . . ,,, -.. .. - j

7 hand- g) held GPS system
8 solar- h) friendly detergent
9 eco- i) definition TV
10 energy- j) sized camcorder

B Which items can you see in the photos?

D a

Lesson 5.2 ADVERTISING

- ----------
2 A Complete questions 1-12 with a word from the box.

I
-
commercials pop-ups brand
slogans cold calls advertise

1
--·---
Are there too many TV
campaigns logos influence
makes jingle trailer

in programme breaks?
2 'Just do it!' and 'The world's local bank' are memorable . What others do you know?
3 What are the most popular of car in your country? What's your favourite?
4 Which is the most popular sports equipment in your country?
5 Do you think that a for a film accurately shows what the film is like?
6 What does an image of an apple with a bite taken out of it mean to you? What other ______ do you know?
7 What type of advertisement would you to try a new food or drink product?
8 Do you ever find yourself singing a particular for a product or a radio station?
9 Can you recall any particularly successful advertising ?
10 If you wanted to sell a product, where would you ?
11 How do you feel about website ? Do they work?
12 What do you say when someone you in the evenings?

-
B Work in pairs and answer the questions in Exercise 2A.
 Lesson 6.1 Lesson 6.2 TIME IDIOMS
WORD-BUILDING: PREFIXES
2A Match the phrases and idioms in bold with pictures A-1.
1A Find a prefix in A which means: 1 Your food will be here in no time. _c_
1 very small 2 Sorry, I'll have to cut this short. __
2 very big 3 He's dragging his heels over the decision to leave.
3 many 4 I was making up for lost time - you see I overslept.
4 between 5 I've told you time after time to check the spelling.
5 two 6 She got home in the nick of time. __
6 across 7 I'm just killing an hour or two before my interview.
8 Please take your time. __
bi multi 9 The train should be here any time now. __
micro mega
B Match meanings a)-i) to the phrases and idioms.
trans inter
a) to spend time doing something unimportant while you are waiting
for something else to happen
b) very soon
c) very quickly
d) to delay doing something
lingual chip
e) to do something without hurrying
national media
late wave port f) again and again
task phone cycle g) to stop doing something earlier than you had planned
scope val monthly h) at the last moment before it is too late to do something
city view it i) to do something quickly because you started late or worked too
-storey byte slowly
Q

B Match a prefix in A with at least

three endings in B.

C Complete the sentences with the

correct form of a word formed from a
prefix in A and an ending in B.
1 I left my car in one of those huge
_____ car parks and now
I can't find it.
2 It's a long opera but there are two
_____. We can take a break
and have a coffee then.
3 I've never really been to Hong
Kong, only in the airport when I was
in on my way to
Beijing.
4 The crowd was so noisy, I had to use a
_____ to make my voice loud
enough.
5 He didn't get the job because he was
late for the _____
6 No, it's too small. You can only see it
under a _____
7 Our newsletter only goes out
_____. It's January now, so

-
the next one is in March.
8 People who grow up in a _____
environment end up understanding
three or more languages.
 Lesson 7.1 MULTI-WORD VERBS
1A Look at the sentence pairs. How are the meanings B Complete the table with the multi-word verbs
of the multi-word verbs in bold different? from ExerciselA.
1 Did your parents bring you up as a Buddhist?
a hire
2 Oh, here's Edith now. Just don't bring up anything
compete against
about her divorce.
3 Anna keeps putting off the meeting. I don't think b say no
we'll ever get a chance to discuss things. lower the level
4 Stop talking about your illnesses. You're putting c end one's involvement, or quit
me off my food! drive onto a road from another road
5 Why did they turn Neil down for the job? d make sb dislike sth
6 Could you turn the cooker down - the sauce in the postpone
pan is going to burn. e raise
7 My car's in the garage. It broke down on the way to start to talk about
work today. f fail or end unsuccessfully
8 Negotiations between the two corporations have stop working, usually for a machine
broken down, but they may restart next month.
9 The company took on ten school-leavers last month.
10 After Brazil won the semi-finals, they took on the
favourites, Spain.
11 He pulled out without looking and hit another car.
12 Both countries have pulled out of the talks, so
there won't be any agreement.

Lesson 7 .3 PARTS OF A NEWS WEBSITE

2 Match 1-10 to
the parts of a
news website.
1 breaking news
2 lead story
3 headlines
4 news feed Hiker risks his life
Zermatt, Switzerland - A hiker
5 forum link who risked his own life to save
6 weather the lives of two stranded hikers
says he would do the same
forecast thing again.
7 video link Tamas Radnoti was among a
8 menu bar number of hikers caught in the
snowstorm on Mont Blanc late on
9 navigation Sunday afternoon, and was
buttons in the middle of his descent when
Most Popular
he came upon two fellow hikers.
10 popup ad Patrick Ouillier and Francois ,, • Act your age!
Bernardi had stopped their own ,, ,,, • World's worst inventions
descent, too exhausted to continue. • Shark video goes viral
and had built a make-shift shelter in • What your reading says
the snow to try to survive the night. about you.
• What's your greatest
regret?

ALSO IN THE NEWS

------------
f--lf-- Police to install city-wide surveillance UK Weather Report
Video games blamed for increase in
violence 15°C North rainy

-
Cars banned in city centre
20°C Midlands dry
Student in photo advert row
Perform marathon raises record amount 21 °C South dry
_________6_com
_ m en s1 _fo _r c_ _ha_ri t_ c..-
_ _ y ---------�
Lesson 8.1 COMPOUND ADJECTIVES FOR DESCRIBING PEOPLE
1A Look at the picture 2 -eyed 3 -tanned
and complete the 4 -haired

----;--
compound adjectives
1
with words from the box.

---------
-shouldered
brand broad brown
curly dark high
sun tight 8
dress
B Which words or phrases
can be turned into
opposites by using the 7
opposite of the first part? shoes
curly-haired - straight-haired 6 -fitting
jeans

Lesson 8.3 BEHAVIOUR IDIOMS

2A Match pictures A-F with the idioms in the box. C Complete the sentences with the correct form of
Two idioms are not in the pictures. the idioms.
talk behind sb's back walk all over sb 1 She loves to help out. She'll anyone a
not lift a finger be always there for sb ________ if they need it.
go out of one's way to do sth lock horns with sb 2 He often sits and watches me clean and doesn't
(be) a shoulder to cry on give sb a helping hand ________ to help.
3 When I'm really upset and need a
______, I always turn
to Martin.
4 I don't trust her, she's such a gossip. She's always
my
5 He argues about everything. In fact he'll
you on just
about any topic.
6 She's the best friend I can imagine. She
for me, through good
m times and bad.
7 He's so kind and generous. He'll always
his to help
you.
8 Don't just do everything he wants. He's very selfish.
Don't let him
you.
D Match meanings 1-8 to the idioms in Exercise 2A.
1 be available whenever somebody needs you
2 do something to help even though it's not
convenient for you
3 be in conflict with somebody
4 do something to help somebody
5 give somebody sympathy when they're upset
6 say something (usually bad) about somebody when
they're not listening
7 treat someone very badly
B Which of the idioms in the box do you think are 8 do absolutely nothing to help
positive, and which are negative?

Mh#
 Lesson 9.1 DEPENDENT PREPOSITIONS

1 Complete the headlines with a dependent preposition.

Politician condemned ___
1 Innocent man mistaken ___ gang leader 6 involvement in ha�!-1-g scandal

2 Woman jailed for hiding robbers ___ police 7 Murderess given strong sentence for joking ___ crime

Local teacher fired for participating

3 Couple punished ___ balloon hoax 8
___ protest march

Mugger caught after boasting College president conceals financial

4
___ crimes in local cafe 9 woes board of trustees
,.,,....
5 Jailed criminal prohibited ___ selling his story 10 Mother fined ___ leaving baby unattended in car

Lesson 9.3 CARS AND ACCIDENTS

2 Match the car parts 1-12 to A-Lin the picture.

1 boot J 7 tail light
2 bonnet 8 windscreen
3 number plate 9 tyre
4 indicator 10 windscreen wiper
5 wing 11 sun roof
6 wing mirror 12 steering wheel

3 Complete the sentences with the verbs and verb phrases in the box in the past simple.

GJ;:id collide with pull out overtake drive the wrong way swerve exceed the speed limit scratctl]

The car _____ on She to She increased her speed and He ______
the ice . avoid hitting the dog. _____ the blue car. He was going at 100 kph.

-
She ______ the He was driving too fast in a A car ______ He down
side of the car by parking narrow street and in front of him and he almost the motorway.
too near a wall. ------ another car. crashed into it.
 Lesson 10.2 MUSIC
1A Match the instruments 1-12
with the photos.
1 acoustic guitar
2 drums
3 bass guitar
4 violin/fiddle (informal)
5 cello
6 grand piano
7 trumpet
8 trombone
9 flute
10 clarinet
11 saxophone
12 harp
B Can you play any of the
instruments above?
Which instrument would you
most like to learn?

2 Match the phrases and idioms in bold with meanings a)-h).

1 There goes Jim again, saying how great he is, blowing his own trumpet. a) take a less important role
2 Clara began fiddling with her necklace. I could see that she b) remind sb of sth, sound familiar
was worried. c) talk positively about oneself
3 We need to drum up some new business or we'll have to close down. d) touch or play with something in
4 I'm tired of playing second fiddle. a restless or nervous way
5 Interesting how Larry changed his tune after he found out it was his e) get (support or attention)
own assistant who stole the money. through making a lot of effort
6 I know, it looks like an expensive car but I got it for a song. f) accept responsibility for mistakes
7 The boss wants to see me about my mistakes on the contract. It's time g) suddenly take a different
for me to go in and face the music. perspective
8 Her name rings a bell - maybe I've met her before. h) very cheaply

Lesson 10.2 TWO-PART PHRASES

3A Complete the sentences with the words in the box. B Match meanings a)-h) with the
two-part phrases in Exercise 3A.
I take death leave later swim another miss nothing
a) the offer won't change
1 It's only a question of time, and sooner or you'll find a b) risking everything
new job. c) to within (a small amount)
2 That's the highest salary we can pay you. We can't go higher, so take it or d) unplanned/disorganised
_____ it.
e) eventually
3 You've finished the training, and now you have to go out and do the job.
f) somehow
It's sink or ______
g) fail or succeed
4 The shop is about twenty kilometres from here, give or ______ a
kilometre. h) extremely important
5 It was all or ______ - she either had to get in the car with him or
lose him forever.
6 This is the biggest choice of my life - it's a life or decision.

-
7 Mark took a hit or approach to finding a wife.
He simply proposed every girl he saw out on a meeting.
8 I know, we're lost, but one way or we'll find our way back.
 COMMUNICATION BANK

·
Lesson 1.3 · :�i Lesson 2.1 '.';-.
6 A Student B: look at Situation 1 below and follow 11 A Student B: look at the quiz below. Underline the
the instructions. stress in the words in bold.

•
Situation 1: (Service person) 1 How old was Michael Jackson when he recorded
You work for the customer service department at his first hit, I wont you bock?
an airline. A customer calls for help with a booking. Seven, nine or eleven?
Use the information below to answer the 2 Which of these products is not among Italy's
customer's enquiries. top ten exports:
MA271 Wed 19 Oct Dep Singapore 3:50P.M. machinery, pasta or furniture?
Wed 19 Oct Z tourist class seats available 3 How many grams of honey does a worker bee
Thu 20 Oct 1 business class seat available produce in its lifetime?
Fri 21 Oct 1 tourist class seat available 2 grams, 250 grams or 1,000 grams (one kilogram)?
Rebooking fee: €90 l.t In Sweden, what percent of crime suspects are men?
50%, 80% or 95%?
Upgrade to business class: €350
5 How long did the shortest war on record last?
38 minutes. 38 hours or 38 days?
6 B Student B: look at Situation 2 below and follow
the instructions.

Lesson 3.1 · ·t
Situation 2: (Customer) \
You've just received the confirmation below for 1c
a hotel booking you made for some friends.
You want to change the arrival date to one day
earlier, and you want to upgrade their room if it Performance of a lifetime?
doesn't cost more than €60. Phone the hotel;
by the end of the call you should know (a) which Ending 1
day your friends can arrive and (b) how much the He shouted, 'Mummy, I chink you are
room will cost per night. wonderful!' And the crowd burst into a
thunderous applause.
� (h.calderwood8@gmailbox.com Ending 2
He shouted, 'Mummy, what's for dinner?' And
Reservation Confirmation the crowd burst into a thunderous laughter.

YOUR RESERVATION DETAILS

Guest name Johns. Mr and Mrs -�-�...P..�.,�---��---��---�.!?.���-�---··················

Arrival date 3rd July Ending 1
Departure date 7th July She gave him a romantic look, saying,
'You were right. Pretending I'm pregnant has
Standard double E250/night really helped my tips.'
Ending 2
She gave him a romantic look, saying
'Everything's going to be just fine. I love you,
Steve Hunt.'

Lesson 2.1 ·! Lesson 7 .3 ·�,,

9c ? B Student A

-
The winning proposal was: The top five most dangerous animals
Antibiotics - How can we prevent the rise of resistance 1 mosquito 2 Asian cobra 3 Australian box jellyfish
to antibiotics? 4 great white shark 5 African lion
 Lesson 4.1 .,.�: Lesson 6.2 .:, .
4 B Student A: read Sandra's opinion below. Were your ?C
predictions correct?
Key
al= 3 points
THE EXPERTS HAVE THEIR SAY:
bl= 2 points
Sandra Mccullough cl= 1 point
psychologist and parent
12-15: You are amazingly optimistic!
What's changed isn't the amount of free On the one hand, your positive attitude can
time, it's people's ability to do nothing. We make people around you feel good. On the
think we used to have more free time because other hand, sometimes people may find your
years ago we didn't use to fill it up with tasks constant cheerfulness slightly irritating.
the way we do now. People would sit around
and watch TV or read. However, people have 8-11: You are calm and level-headed and
been programmed to need new things all can always see both sides of a situation.
This means you don't have great highs and
the time, and technology has, unfortunately,
lows but can also mean you miss out on
responded to that need. Watch people on some of the drama of life.
the train for example, when they have some
free time; they'll check social media, read 5-7: You're not always easy to be with,
a news site, or play a game on their phone usually seeing the negative side of things.
rather than simply relaxing or gazing into However, this can be extremely useful in some
space. People say they like spending time situations because you will tend to be more
with family but why are they always talking on cautious and see what could go wrong with
their mobiles or checking emails when they're any plans or projects.
with their 'nearest and dearest'? I tell my
clients, 'Hey, turn off the internet and enjoy
the silence.' But most people can't do it. They 4A Student A
panic. It's like a drug for them.
Self-heating bowl
A metal bowl that heats water or food, has a
rechargeable battery in its base and could be used
when travelling and for baby food.
Lesson 5.2 ··:,�
,. Colour-changing ice cream

6 Student A: work with another student A. Read the Ice cream that changes colour based on temperature.
For example, it's blue while in the freezer; when you
first part of this viral video description and discuss
take it out and it's at room temperature, it turns purple;
the questions.
when it starts to melt, it turns pink.
1 What do you think might happen next?
2 What product do you think it is advertising?
Lesson 6.3 · \ ·· ·
Graffiti artist (Part 1 )
A hooded graffiti artist hangs by a rope to paint a huge mural
of a woman's face on the wall of a building. The police come
? B Student A
and the graffiti artist manages to get away. The hood comes 1 You are going to take part in a radio phone-in, and
off to reveal that the artist is a woman with the same face you are the musician . Ask Student B to tell you about
as the one she's just painted on the wall. She takes out her their situation. Ask for clarification to check you understand.
mirror ... Then invite Student C to give their opinion.
Encourage B and C to exchange their points of view.
Turn to page 161 and read the ending. Which do you 2 Now change roles. You are a caller. Give your opinion
prefer, yours or this one? when the musician asks you.
Work with Student B. Cover the story and describe 3 Now change roles. You are a different caller. Explain
the video to your partner. Stop before the ending and your situation to the musician:
ask your partner to guess the ending and product. A well-known social networking site has a minimum
age of thirteen. Your daughter is thirteen next week
Which of the two videos do you think is more and she says some of her friends' parents have allowed
effective? their children to join. You think she's too young.

-we
 COMMUNICATION BANK

Lesson 4.1 �� Lesson 5.5 ·-·�

J'
4 B Student B: read Gerald's opinion below. Were your 2a
predictions correct? 1 a 2 b 3 b 4 c 5 a

THE EXPERTS HAVE THEIR SAY:

Gerald van Halen
socioloqist and parent 6 Student B: work with another student B. Read the
first part of this viral video description and discuss
Nothing has changed except what we mean by the questions.
'free time activities'. Years ago we'd sit with our
family in front of the TV all evening and chat; we 1 What do you think might happen next?
regarded that as free time spent together. Now 2 What product do you think it is advertising?
if we sit together and check our Facebook pages,
is that leisure time? And if so, is it a good thing? The drought (Part 1)
One American study put a whole range of activities A farmer stands on his porch, looking at his fields. It's dry -
in the 'leisure' category: watching TV, spending there ha sn't been rain for months. A young man comes and
time with friends, playing online games for example. say 'Pa, the corn, it's all gone.' The older man stays calm
and says 'We'll be alright.' His other son comes and says,
But there's a huge difference between playing games 'Pa, the animals. All dead.' Again, the man just says, 'We'll
online and playing a board game with friends or be alright.' He turns and goes to the kitchen .. .
family, and we need to think about which activities
are really good for us. When my son's with his
Turn to page 162 and read the ending. Which ending
friends, they usually watch YouTube clips together
do you prefer, yours or this one?
or they'll often play a computer game together.
My son's favourite one at the moment is a car racing Work with Student A. Cover the story and describe
one, and I think that's OK because they're sharing. the video to your partner. Stop before the ending and
It's when they're sitting together but each one is ask your partner to guess the ending and product.
texting or gaming separately, now that worries me.
Which of the two videos do you think is more
effective?

Lesson 1.3 :� Lesson 6.3 m·:

6 B Student A: look at Situation 2 below and follow '? 8 Student B
the instructions. 1 You are going to take part in a radio phone-in, and
Situation 2: Student A (Service person)
you are a caller. Explain your situation to the DJ:
You work for the customer service department at
Your son, who is seventeen, has started going out with
a hotel. A customer calls for help with a booking. Use
a young woman who he says is the love of his life.
the information below to answer the
He wants to get a tattoo linking her name and his.
customer's enquiries.
You're strongly against the idea.
July 3 arrivals 2 Now change roles. You are the DJ. Ask Stu dent C to
James 2 guests 5 nights tell you about their situation. Ask for clarification to
Johns 2 guests 4 nights check you understand. Then invite Student A to give
Jones 2 guests 3 nights their opinion. Encourage A and C to exchange their
Rates: Standard double: €250/night points of view.
Executive suite: €309/night 3 Now change roles. You are a different caller. Give
your opinion when the DJ asks you.
Room availability information:
July 2: Standard doubles fully booked.
One executive suite available. Lesson 7 .3 . t i;.,;·
1 ��·,l

'? 8 Student B
The top five countries with the tallest people

-
1 the Netherlands 2 Sweden 3 Denmark
4 Norway 5 Estonia
 Lesson 5.2 .'..--:-. Lesson 9.2 .li "; i.

Student A ?o
Free gift wrapping
Graffiti artist (Part 2) Preparation:
She takes out her mirror and puts on lipstick - we can read 1 The con artist team goes to a busy shopping mall
the brand name. She's gorgeous. Her phone rings and she during the festival season and sets up a tent with a
answers, saying 'I'll be there in five minutes.' sign saying 'Free gift wrapping'.
2 An attractive, friendly, female con artist stands
behind the counter.
Lesson 7 .3 -.::,� 3 The other two con artists are inside the tent, out of
sight. They have a scale for weighing things, oranges
? B Student C and packing material.
The top five cities for art lovers The scam:
1 Berlin 2 Chicago 3 Florence 1 When a customer brings an item for wrapping, the
4 London 5 New York woman passes it into the tent.
2 The two con artists there open the package, remove
the item and weigh it, then put the same weight in
Lesson 5.4 :j�· oranges into the box with packing material and
wrap it attractively.
4 A Student B 3 They pass it back to the female colleague, who gives
it to the customer. The package feels like the original
Umbrella light and won't be opened till later!
An LED light is built into the handle of an umbrella and
Hire car scam
can be turned on via a button in the handle.
Preparation:
Self-closing bag
1 The con artist team hires an expensive car, changes the
A bag of snacks, for example crisps or pretzels, with
number plates and removes any evidence that it's hired.
magnetic strips along the top so that if you leave it
overnight it will close itself and keep the contents 2 The team places an advert in a newspaper or online
fresher for longer. offering the car at a very low price.
3 The team finds an empty house, breaks in and
puts some toys around the rooms and driveway. This
Lesson 10.2 ;t address is given when people answer the advert.
The scam:
8A Student B 1 An attractive female con artist poses as a young
mother and greets customers as they arrive. She
through and through completely:
explarns to the customers why there are no car papers.
a typical Englishman through and Some of the customers will offer a cash deposit .
through 2 At the end of the afternoon, the team clears out
of the house, returns the car to the hire agency and
• on and on used to say that someone disappears.
continues to do something, or that
something continues to happen:
He talked on and on about his job.
Lesson 9.3 !... :1.
""'

rough and ready (= not perfect.

but good enough to use) 8A Student B

(every) now and then/now and

again sometimes: He sees her
every now and then at college.

ups and downs n [plural) the good

and bad things that happen in life.
business. etc: Every marriage has

-
its ups and downs.
 Lesson 9.2 ·1 Lesson 6.3 '.:;:
? A Student A: imagine the following situation ? B Student C
happened to you. Add some details about the place, 1 You are going to take part in a radio phone-in, and
time, the amount of money of the deposit, and your you are a caller. Give your opinion when the DJ
feelings. Prepare to tell Student B. asks you.
2 Now change roles. You are a different caller. Explain
I went round to a your situation to the DJ:
house to look at Your eighteen-year-old son has just passed his driving
a car. I'd seen the test. He wants to borrow your car so that he can drive
advert earlier. his friends around. He says that his other friends'
There were kids' parents let them borrow their cars. You think he's not
toys in the ready yet.
driveway by the
3 Now change roles. You are the DJ. Ask Student A to
car. A young
tell you about their situation. Ask for clarification to
woman, the
check you understand. Then invite Student B to give
kids' mother I
their opinion. Encourage A and B to exchange their
guessed, showed me round the car - it was a fantastic
points of view.
bargain and I wanted to buy it. She couldn't show me
the car papers because her husband had just taken
them to pay the car tax. She told me that she'd got lots Lesson 9.3 F.
of other interested people coming round later so I gave 1::i.
her a deposit and she said I could pick up the car at six.
At six o'clock, I found eight other people outside the
8A Student A
house, no car and no one at home.

B Listen to Student B's situation and discuss his/her

questions.
C Tell Student B the situation and discuss these
questions.
1 Who was the woman?
2 How did she trick people into thinking she was a malil
mother?
3 Who did the car belong to?
4 Who were the other eight people? DD
5 How do you think the scam was done?
D Turn to page 161 to see if your ideas were right.
Lesson 9.5 \'If

Lesson 2.1 ··t 48

1 The man always checked the post box before the
11 c postman came. His wife took the letters out when
Answers to quiz 1 they arrived.
1 Russia 2 black and white 3 banana 2 A record company was making a recording of the
4 the Sahara 5 43% performance and had asked the audience not to
Answers to quiz 2 applaud, so that the recording would be clean.
1 nine 2 pasta 3 2 grams 4 80%
5 38 minutes (between Britain and Zanzibar in 1896)
Lesson 5.2 \:

Lesson 7 .3 ·:; Student B

? The drought (Part 2)

-
B Student D
The top five friendliest countries He turns and goes to the kitchen and opens the fridge. The
fridge has lots of food , .. but there's only one can of cola
1 Ireland 2 the USA 3 Malawi 4 Fiji 5 Thailand there - and it's empty. The man says 'We're in big trouble.'
 Lesson 10.2 POPULAR CULTURE
1 C Student A: read the text
on this page. Which four �
questions below does it Want to know the best-kept secrets of popular culture?

�=
answer? Read our Top Questions & Answers to find out.
1 How do actors cry on
demand?
2 Do big stars have to A: Singers such as Ricky Martin, whose stage show involves his performing all
over the stage, can't always deliver high-quality vocals live as it's physically
audition for film roles? extremely difficult to control the voice while jumping around. Because of
3 How do singers keep this, many performers rely on a backing track to provide vocals during some
their voices steady when songs, and whilst they may be singing live, the audience can't actually hear
they're performing? their voice. Some stationary performers use a backing track when they·re

�=
concerned about difficult parts of the performance, for example hitting a very
4 Why is pop music played high note or even remembering the words to a song.
so loud at concerts?
5 Who decides whether
something is 'art' or not? A: Every comedian has his or her own strategy for dealing with members of
6 Why do works of art get the audience interrupting their performance with rude comments. Strategies
range from simply telling the heckler to be quiet ('Shut up!') to humiliating
stolen if they can't be the heckler into silence by insulting them or someone with them such as their
sold without attracting wife . Armed with the microphone, the comedian has a great advantage
attention? over the heckler. Some comedians, known for their particularly aggressive

�=
7 What's the secret to way of handling hecklers, actually become more famous for this aspect of
their act than their scripted sections.
making an audience
laugh?
8 How does a comedian A: There are certain ways of making it look like you're crying, such as
deal with hecklers? putting glycerine in your eyes, sniffing a freshly cut onion or, on stage,
concentrating on a bright point of light. Most actors use more internal
D Read the text again. techniques that exploit emotional memory. By recalling a time when they were
Write a maximum of five sad or upset, an actor can often get the tears flowing. Dr sometimes they'll
key words for each answer build an association between an object - a prop they'll be handling during the
scene - and that emotion, so that. when they touch the prop, they feel inclined
to help you remember the to cry. Interestingly, most actors say it's easier to cry convincingly than to

Iit.,,�:
information. laugh convincingly.

E Work in pairs. Cover

the text and look at your A: This is an age-old question. The range of works and styles of painting
notes from Exercise lD. regarded as art at different times is astonishing - from ancient Chinese ink
Tell your partner about paintings to Leonardo Da Vinci to Jackson Pollock. One argument goes that
the answers. a painting is art if the painter says it is, and gives convincing reasons to
support their position. Many artists would reject this idea; they don't care
who regards their work as art. We'll probably never agree on who the most
beautiful woman or best-looking man is, so we'll just have to enjoy exploring
and sharing our notions of art and beauty without a definitive answer.
·:i::r:::ne:�·n.:t:""'i,::: :·�rmm:mnl'ttfpnm;m,;;;;•:aa, •·""""''';,rm•i•u1<:<11rn;;; ··· •(.""'''.''' ,. :,· .·.,,... ::•···· ·••.:..".:.• ..... .....•... • ..'• • ..•... . •... ·-----·· .' ...... .-....:1.,..·,. ..........,.......... .

Lesson 10.2 -�� · Lesson 10.5 �·:

8A Student A 3 C
1 Sydney Opera House
give and take n [UJ If there is give peace and quiet When everything 2 Apple Inc.
and take between two people. is quiet and calm: All I want is some
each person agrees to do some of peace and quiet. 3 squash
the things that the other person 4 Napoleon Bonaparte
wants: In any relationship there has
to be some give and take. leaps and bounds He improved in 5 Oscar
leaps and bounds (= very much,
very quickly).
6 the Inuit
be sick and tired of sb/sth to be 7 sushi (makizushi)
annoyed and bored with a person 8 Hamlet
or situation: I'm sick and tired of the pros and cons (of sth) the
waiting advantages and disadvantages of
something
 AUDIO SCRIPTS

UNITl .·• gl B: Such as? A: OK, let me just check.There are still a few
A: Oh well, like last week I was by the places in that group, but you'll have to do a
Conversation 1 sea with some friends and it was a lovely level test.
A: What would you say? warm evening. And we decided to go B: But I've already done an online test for
B: Erm, for me, an important question is for a midnight swim. I mean, we hadn't the other course.
'Do you keep yourself to yourself, or do you planned to, it just seemed like a great A: Mmm, I appreciate that, but for this
tend to be around a lot?' idea at the time. I like doing new things, course you need to do a level test in person.
A: Hmm.What are you trying to find out? different things. So I suppose that means B: Erm . .. Can you tell me why I have to do it
B: I suppose I'm looking for a balance, I'm adventurous ... or maybe a better word in person?
because the last thing you want is a person is spontaneous. Yeah, that's more like it. I A: It's because it's a specialised course and
who comes in and goes straight up to their get an idea and I do it, no hesitation, so I'm there's an oral component to the level test.
room and you never see them again till the spontaneous. That's useful in my job, too. B: I see. Would there be any chance of doing
morning. You know, antisocial. I'm quite B: Can I ask what you do? the level test on the phone?
sociable, you know, I like having friends A: I work for a web design company.We A: Hold on, let me check ... sorry to keep
around. I suppose I'm a people person. design websites for new businesses. you. No, I'm afraid it has to be in person.
A: Yeah. B: Mmm, sounds interesting. B: I see. Do you mind me asking what it
B: . .. but on the other hand, you don't A: Most of the time! involves?
want a flatmate who's always there, so you B: So that's two very positive words so far. A: There's a written task that you have to do
never get any privacy. And especially in the What's your third one? under timed conditions, and preparation
morning. I'm not a morning person - I can't A: Well, I think people that know me would materials for the oral interview.
stand people who are all bright and cheerful say that I'm quite messy and disorganised. B: I see. Sorry to be difficult, it's just that I'm
first thing. You know, when I haven't woken You should see my desk - papers really busy this week and can't make it up to
up yet. So yeah, I'd like someone who is quite everywhere - and my bedroom! And I'm the school for the level test.
sociable but not too sociable. always losing things. So yes, my friends A: That's going to be a bit of a problem. I'm
A: Mm, yeah, I agree. I s'pose another would say 'creative, spontaneous and not sure what we can do about that.
question is about housework and cleaning. disorganised'. B: I'd really appreciate your help.
B: Yes, something like 'Who cleans the place B: I'd be interested to know if you agree with A: Hmm ... You couldn't come in on
where you live now?' them.What words do you think describe you Thursday evening, could you?
A: How would you answer that question? best? B: No, I'm afraid not. But I tell you what. I
B: Who cleans my flat now? I do. A: Now that's an interesting question. could come in on Saturday to do the level
A: Yeah, me too. Actually, I'd like to think that I'm fair, you test.
B: And I'd also ask: 'Are you tidy?' know, non-judgmental. A: The problem is, that's leaving it very late
A: What answer do you want the person to B: What do you mean by non-judgmental? and we might have other applicants.
give? A: Well, I try not to make up my mind about B: I'd be really grateful if you could hold a
B: I'd want the answer to be 'Oh yes, people until I get to know them, so yes, non­ place for me till Saturday morning.
extremely.' I don't know.I'd hate to live with judgmental. But I'd stick with 'spontaneous' A: Can you hold on a minute? I'll just see
someone who was really untidy all the time, and 'disorganised'. I think they describe me ... OK, we can do that. We'll provisionally
that never did the washing up, someone that quite well. What about you? transfer the course fee over as a deposit.
leh their stuff just lying all over the place. B: Erm.Well, people say I'm fun to be with, B: That's great. Oh, I've got one more
Someone who doesn't do their fair share of a good laugh, if you know what I mean. Erm, question, if I'm not keeping you.
the housework. No, that would just drive me I'm very practical and down-to-earth. A: No, go ahead.
crazy. I suppose I'm quite tidy myself. A: What do you do?
B: If I don't get into this group, do I lose my
A: Yeah, yeah. Um, and what about money? B: I train people in advanced computer course fee?
B: Yeah, it can be a big problem. I had a sohware. But don't worry, I'm not a A: I'm afraid we can't refund the deposit, but
flatmate once and she used to say 'I know I computer geek. I don't sit in front of my you could transfer it to another course.
have to pay the electricity bill but can I pay computer for hours.
B: Oh, that's a relief.Would you mind putting
it next week?' She promised to pay and then that in an email for me?
never did. Really unreliable. A: Certainly.
UNIT 1 r :6
A: Oh yeah. It doesn't matter how nice B: Thanks. Could you tell me when the
people are if they've got money problems. A: He[lo, English Language College. Can I school opens?
You need to know they can afford the rent. help you? A: We're open from nine on Saturday. I won't
B: But I wouldn't ask 'Could you tell me how B: Yes, I'd like to enquire about a course. be here myself, but I'll tell my colleague to
much you earn?' I think I'd say the rent and A: OK. Have you seen the information on our expect you.
the bills have to be paid in advance so I'd ask website? B: Thank you very much for your help.
'Can you pay three months in advance?' and B: Well, actually the situation is that I A: You're welcome. Thank you for calling.
see what they say. booked myself onto a course through
Conversation 2 your website yesterday, and now I'd like to
change. UNITl ,, g8
A: Ooh that's really difficult to answer .
I would like to think: 'handsome, witty, cool.' A: Uh-huh. Could you tell me your name?
B: Maria Hidalgo. I'm not the kind of person who likes to be a
B: Well, at least you're witty. You're quick and daredevil or do anything too exciting. But
you make me laugh. And you're good with A: And which course was it? the most incredible thing I think I've ever
words. B: A general English course, pre-advanced. done was when I went skydiving. So we went
A: No, but I don't think they'd describe A: Bear with me a minute. Yes, I've got it. up in a tiny plane. I mean it's so small so it
me like that. I dunno. Let me think. Erm. I What would you like to change to? was quite scary. And the build-up was just
suppose they'd say I'm good at coming up B: I've just noticed this morning that you epic.
with new ideas ... yes ... So I think people have an advanced course in business English I was attached to another guy, an expert, by

-
would describe me as quite creative. starting next week. a harness. And I was sitting in front of him
B: And the second one? A: That's right. in this sort of, it was like a, a tiny tube little
A: Erm ... well, people know I like doing new B: I was wondering if it would be possible for plane. And we went higher and higher and
things, things that are out of the ordinary. me to change to that group. higher. And um, the suspense was building
I
up. And then suddenly they just open this UNIT2 �. ng5 criminals. But then on the other hand I
door and you're flying through the sky, and occasionally er drive, a little bit over the, the
A: Have you read this article? speed limit.
you can just see for miles. And it's freezing
cold and the thing I'll remember most is
B: Which one? A: Right OK.
the cold air hitting my teeth, cos it was A: This is really shocking. This, look, look at B: Occasionally. And you know I, I've been
just absolutely freezing. And er, we sort of this about surveillance techniques, on page er given quite a few fines over the years
scuttled out to the edge and our legs were three. because my number plate gets recognised
dangling through the door of the plane. And B: Oh yeah, yeah I did have a look. and er I er, you know I think more money
erm, he just said, I remember him shouting, A: There's gonna be absolutely no privacy for should be spent elsewhere to be honest.
he just said 'Smile!' Cos there was a camera anyone. A: I take your point, but I do actually think,
guy as well, so you can film it. B: What you mean like C, the CCTV camera although I'm really anti the amount of kind
And we just, we sort fell forward and we bit? of you know filming and, and information
were just spinning, until he sort of levels you A: Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, exactly that. they have - when it comes to speeding, I do
out. It was like I was completely weightless. B: Well I'm glad they're there actually. actually think that's quite sensible that they,
And it didn't feel like you were falling at all, A: Why? that they can clock what people are doing.
you were just sort of hovering. And it was B: Well, not long ago a friend of mine he was
still freezing cold on my teeth as well like um he was robbed at a bus stop, and, um
that. And then the parachute, I remember they got the guy because of um CCTV, they UNIT2 ·, ng 7
lifting out. And it just sort of pulled me all captured his image and um all the people
up - I was like oh! Ugh!, like that. And we who did it were arrested. Conversation 1
started spinning round, you know he was A:OK ... A: Have you seen this? There's a new law
doing all these kind of tricks and stuff. And B: So I think it's, I think it's a good thing in about computer games. They want to limit
that's when I started feeling sick, cos it was the end. the kind of violent things that can happen in
spinning so fast. But it was just so much A: Well it's good if it's used for that, but the games, so kids don't see so much.
fun, it was hilarious, I was laughing, you don't you feel nervous about the fact that B: Really? Well, that makes sense. I do think
know even though I felt sick it was just the whatever you do, wherever you go, whatever that the violence in those games can make
experience of it all and the adrenaline rush. you're doing, someone is watching you and kids more aggressive.
It was one of the best experiences I've ever recording what you're doing. A: Well, according to one article I read, kids
had in my life. And it's an activity I'd like to B: But I haven't got anything to hide so it's are less aggressive if they play these games.
recommend to all my friends because I know not really a problem. B: How could that be true?
they'd absolutely love it, it's hilarious. A: Anyway, that's not the point though is it, A: Apparently the games give them a chance
it's an invasion of privacy. to use up some of their energy. So they're
B: Look, I think statistically more crimes are calmer in real life.
UNIT2 t ng 1 solved because of CCTV than not. B: That's hard to believe. In my experience,
1 A: Right, what about that, that look - this playing those games makes kids more
one on page two - CCTV facial recognition aggressive.So I'm in favour of some kind of
A report out today says that over 800 million control.
did you see that bit there at the bottom?
people in the world don't have enough to
B: Yeah, I didn't really get that bit. A: Hmm. I don't know ... I agree to a certain
eat. The report, which was published ... extent but I think kids can separate real life
A: Right, so basically, just imagine you're
2 walking down the road and a camera, a CCTV from computer games. I mean, I don't like
Twenty people have died in an outbreak of camera takes your picture, yeah. And then computer games and I hate violence, but
the deadly Ebola virus. The virus, which has a computer programme can then find your actually I think it's more of a problem to put
resulted in over ... name, all your personal information, based these limits on.
on recognising your face. So where you shop, B: I think we'll have to agree to disagree.
3 A: I suppose so.
where you live, what you, what you like, what
If you're travelling to the city centre today, you buy, who your friends are. And there's
be careful of pickpockets, especially around Conversation 2
nothing you can do about it.
the central square.Our reporter Will Nakama B: That can only be a good thing, cos it's A: Do you ever download music for free?
is there in ... gonna catch criminals, isn't it? And if you've B: You mean illegally? No, I'm probably one
got nothing to worry about then you know of the few people that doesn't do it. I've
4
it's never really gonna be an issue for you. always paid for downloads.
The government has promised that their A: Why? I mean nobody I know pays.
changes to income tax will help the poorest A: If it's for that, yeah I get your point. But ...
B: If you haven't done anything wrong. B: Exactly! And it's just theft, isn't it? I
people in the country. A spokesperson mean, ...
said ... A: No, no, absolutely, but ...
B: The thing that really bothers me though A: Oh, I totally disagree.
5 is um, is the way that marketing, marketing B: I mean, artists have copyright on their
The number of people out of work has risen companies can target you um because of songs, so you're stealing from them. It's as
in the last quarter to seven percent and is microchips in, in food packaging and stuff, simple as that.
now reaching three million. The situation is so people get an idea of, of your shopping A: But as far as I know musicians these
worst ... habits. I don't want to be sent adverts from days get very little money from CD sales or
companies that I don't know. downloads anyway. So they don't lose out. I
6 mean, they want people to hear their music.
A: But we're being sent stuff all the time
After four days of smog, only cars with even B: Hmm. I'm not so sure about that. If people
anyway, from companies, that we don't know.
number plates can enter the city today. It is share the music without paying, how can
I wouldn't mind being sent adverts from, you
hoped that this move will improve the air musicians make any money?
know uh companies that I don't know if it's
quality after the levels of ... A: Well, the famous ones, they don't need
something that I want to buy.
B: Yeah. It's a little confusing really the way I, more money and for newer groups, file­
I feel about the whole thing, because you sharing is the way they get known so they
know on the one hand I'm, I'm, I'm pro uh don't have to spend a fortune, you know, on
using the technology to you know catch things like record companies and managers
criminals or whatever. I mean serious and ...

Ill
 AUDIO SCRIPTS

B: Yeah, but ... and from the various activities that children I: Give us some examples.
A: . .. anyway, nowadays singers and groups do. Also, there's more contact between the L: 'Wasn't born a redhead.Fixed that.' This
make most of their money from concerts. mother and children, and that's bound to be woman took life under control.Whether
B: Hmm. I'm still not convinced. Aren't good for the health of the whole family. And she just always felt that her soul was a
you worried about being found out? For in reality, a lot of men are better at doing redheaded soul or simply at some point
instance, what about that man in the USA? heavier or more mechanical work, such as in life she was going to make a switch. She
Did you hear about that? Apparently, he got car repairs. And let's face it, many women do could have quit her job. She changed her
fined about one and a half million dollars for notice more than men things like how clean hair colour.
downloading and sharing films. or tidy a room is, so they're the best person I: But a lot of them are quite sad or there's
A:One and a half million dollars? Ouch! to take care of this. Over to you, James. sort of sense of regret or disappointment in
B: Yeah, so maybe you'd better think again. J: Thanks, Denise. So, on the negative side, if a lot of them.
A: Hmm. Good point. the man is always the one who works, there L: I didn't expect that. I thought people
can be too little contact between father and would come back with a lot of funny things,
Conversation 3 child, and that can't be good for the family. some playful things, plays on words .. . but
A: Do you think you would ever have Also, in some couples the woman will be those are really interesting reality. People
cosmetic surgery? good at tasks traditionally done by the man, really told us, 'It's tough out there.' 'Found
B: Me? No, I don't think so. I'm really against and vice-versa. For instance, if the man is a true love. Married someone else.' 'Never
it actually. I think it's ... better cook than the woman, or is happier should have bought that ring.'
A: Really, why? staying at home with the children, while
B: Well, basically I think it can be quite the woman is better at fixing the car and
dangerous - some of the implants you can mowing the lawn, then it would be silly for UNIT 3 � :
have, um - the one who is less good at the task to be
the one to do it.Finally, and perhaps most
C = Carl A = Amy B = Beth
A: Yeah, I see what you mean.
B: Like, Like Mike's girlfriend - she actually importantly, a lot of women will of course C: So Amy, what time's your flight?
had some Botox injections in her forehead. want to work and develop a career, both for A: Oh, it's at one.
their own satisfaction and independence, C: Right.
A: Did she?
and also to be a role model for their A: It's really long as well, about twelve hours.
B: Yeah, and she couldn't, you know, she
children. C:Oh.
couldn't-
D: Those are just some of the pros and A: Listen I'm gonna need something to read
A: Couldn't move her face?
cons.Over to you now to decide which are I reckon, I need a good book. Have you got
B: Yeah, she couldn't smile or frown - her stronger, the pros or the cons.
face was just frozen solid. any ideas?
A: Fair enough, but if someone's very B: Yeah, actually yeah, you know The Hunger
depressed because of the way they look, aing 2 Games, have you ever read that?
maybe then they should have some kind of A: No, I don't think so.
surgery, you know, to help their self-esteem. I = Interviewer L = Larry Smith 8: Yeah, no it's really good, yeah, it sort of
B: I think there are other ways to help. I: In the 1920s, Ernest Hemingway bet ten describes like this society in the future, you
A: And what about if they have a serious dollars that he could write a complete story know about the government taking over and
health problem? Such as maybe they're in just six words. He wrote, 'For sale: baby making these kids do a TV show, where they
extremely overweight. shoes, never worn.' He won the bet. An have to basically kill each other.
B: For health reasons maybe, yes, I mean, I American online magazine has now used A:Ooh.
see your point, but I still don't like the sound that to inspire its readers to write their B: Yeah.
of it. Personally, I think it's too much of a risk. life story in six words and they've been A: That sounds a bit violent for me.
I wouldn't do it myself. overwhelmed by the thousands who took B: Yeah it, yeah it is but it raises all sorts of
A: I might, if it was to do with my health. up the challenge. They've published the you know really interesting questions about
best in a book which they've given the title society. And the power of TV. Erm, I thought
of one of the submissions: Not Quite What I it was really great. I mean I'm a big fan of
UNIT z l I ng 9 Was Planning. I asked the editor, Larry Smith, sci-Ii novels anyway. But what I really liked
what made him think of the idea. about it was the main character, the girl.
D = Denise J = James
L: So, we thought, 'Let's ask our readers their A: Is that the one that's um played by
D: Our presentation is about the pros and six-word life story, a memoir' and see what Jennifer Lawrence in the film?
cons of traditional roles in a family. I'll talk happened. We really didn't know what would B:Yes,yeah, yeah, yeah.
about the pros, and James will talk about the happen. A: Right, right.
cons. Then you can decide. I: And what did happen? B: And yeah I really like that character cos
J: First, to make it clear what we mean by L: It was incredible. In a couple of months she's, you know, she's very brave and she's a
traditional roles, we're thinking of the man we got 15,000 entries and I was just blown survivor and she sort of stands for what she
as breadwinner, as the one who earns the away. Funny, poignant - I really believe believes in and yeah I love her.
money to support the family, while the that everyone has a story and I was just so A: Yeah, no, it does sound quite good, but I
woman stays at home and takes care of the inspired by how serious and intense folks don't really like sci-Ii that much to be honest
children. At home, generally speaking the took the six-word memoir challenge. so, I don't think that's ...
woman does the housework - the cooking, I: OK, but before we look at the examples. C: OK, what about ... ?
cleaning, etc. - while the man might do It's one thing ... because the Hemingway A: What else?
home repairs and take care of the car. is a story but it's not a story of a life. That
Denise? C: Can I suggest something else?
seems to be a bit of a challenge to fit that in A: Yeah, yeah.
D: So, on the positive side, the roles are six words.
very clearly defined; both the man and C: What about The Kite Runner, have you read
L: Well, it's interesting because some folks that?
woman know who does what, so there's less clearly tried to tell a whole story of a life in
confusion and fewer conflicts about that. A: No, I haven't actually.
six words, and you can tell, and other times

-
If there are children, there's less pressure C: Oh, it's wonderful.
they're telling a moment in their life, right at
on family life, in that if the woman doesn't A: All right.
this moment, something that they're feeling
work, she has time to manage things such right now.Or perhaps something that's been C: It's just, it's a really moving story about
as birthdays, paying bills, taking children to a thread throughout their lives. two boys in Afghanistan and ...
A: Oh, yes, yes, yes and doesn't one of them Mrs Richards turns up her hearing aid so P: Yeah, I'm thinking of going over. A
save someone's life or something? that she can hear him. weekend in Paris sounds good to me.
C: Yes, I mean it goes through the years and And then he mimes again and he moves his G: Actually, looking at those photos I'm
it's so wonderful it really, I, I loved it. And the mouth again not making any sound so she changing my mind. How did you find out
thing I love about it is the way it builds the can't understand why she can't hear him, so about it?
whole story, you know and, and you get so she turns up her hearing aid again. And then S: On the internet - there are lots of sites.
involved with these characters that you, you once he's .sure that her hearing aid is on full The one I looked at was ..
just have to know what's gonna happen next. volume he shouts at her, 'Mrs Richards!' - of
course which deafens her and, it's, it's, it's Conversation 2
B: Actually, speaking of getting involved in
characters, I really love Life of Pi, have you very, very funny and it's amazing because S = Staff member H = Husband W = Wife
ever read that? he gets his own back on her 'cos she's been S: Yes, Sir?
A: I've heard of it, but isn't that a bit weird, awful to him, so, he, you know, he kind of
H: Could you tell us what's happening with
it's a bit of weird one isn't it about a ... wins in the end but, -
flight 183056?
B: Oh no, I really enjoyed it. Oh it's just brilliant. If you've never seen it
S: Flight 183056 ...
A: Boy and a tiger in a boat or something, you really should see it. There were very few
episodes made. I think there were only -
H: Yes, we've been waiting for over an hour
but ... and we've heard nothing. All it says on the
B: Yeah it's, it's very sort of, I think it has a only ever one series, maybe eight episodes
screen is 'delayed'.
deep and meaningful story behind it and I ... something like that ... I'm not entirely
sure about that, but not very many made S: Erm, ... I'm afraid the plane has been
really like getting to know him and the fact delayed coming in from Amsterdam, Sir.
that he loves these, you know this tiger and and, they're - they're really, really fantastic.
Every one is absolutely priceless. Bear with me a minute. I'll just check the
it is very fantasy. latest information on the computer. Erm ..
A: It's not comedy then? W: Thank you.
B: No, no. S: The plane is due to arrive at ... er 10.30 ...
C: No. I mean I did start it but I just I couldn't at the earliest.
get into it I'm afraid. Conversation 1 H: But that's over three hours' time!
A: I know, sounds ... S: I'm sorry, Sir. And it's likely to be later than
P = Penny S = Steve G = George
C: I mean I can't stand books that sort of that.
preach at you. And it felt to me that it was P: Hi, Steve. Come and sit down. H: This isn't good enough. We've only got a
doing that, I S: Thanks. Hi, Penny; hi, George. Good to weekend and ...
A: Yeah. see you.
S: I'm sorry, Sir. There's nothing I can do.
C: Made me uncomfortable. G: Hi.
W: And is there any way you could get us
B: Yes. P: Are you all packed now? onto another flight? We're only going for two
A: Sounds a bit serious to me to be honest S: Yeah, all done. It was all a bit of a rush but days and we've really been looking forward
for a twelve-hour plane journey. I think I'm ready to go. I just hope I haven't to it. It sounds as if we won't get to Seville
C: I'm not sure we've given any choices that forgotten anything. till the afternoon.
have many laughs. P: When are you off? S: I'm sorry, Madam. Our 9 o'clock flight to
B: Yeah. S: The taxi's picking me up at seven Seville is full.
C: To be honest have we? tomorrow. W: What about another airline? Maybe we
B: No. G: Where are you going? could transfer to another flight?
A: I don't know. S: France. On holiday, working on a farm S: I'm really sorry, but that's not possible. It's
C: But actually there's a lot of warmth in Kite there. not our policy except in an emergency.
Runner, that's what I would say I mean. It's G: Work? Not my idea of a holiday! H: This is an emergency!
worth, worth trying you know, to stick with it. S: Actually, I don't think it'll be too hard. W: Bill! Oh dear. Couldn't the airline at least
A: Yeah - do you know what I think, no I They said they want me to work in the pay for our breakfast?
think I might try The Hunger Games actually. garden, not in the fields.They've got a big S: Well, ... here are two vouchers for free
B: Yes! garden, and they need someone to look coffee, courtesy of the airline.
A: Cos I think I've seen the trailer of the film after it. W: Oh ... thank you. Come on Bill, let's go
and I, yeah it looks quite interesting. P: I didn't know you were interested in and get some breakfast.
gardening. H: I can tell you, this is the last time I use
S: I'm not, really, but apparently there might your airline.
UNIT3 , ·ng7 be some building work on the house. They're W: Come on, Bill.
not sure yet. That's more my type of thing.
Fawlty Towers. I absolutely love Fawlty H: This is the worst experience I've ever
Towers, I've seen this hundreds of times and G: It still sounds like hard work. I wouldn't had ...
it's my absolute favourite. It always makes call it a holiday.
me laugh - in fact, it makes me cry with S: Well, I only have to work five hours a Conversation 3
laughter sometimes ... can't get enough day and in exchange I get free board and C = Chris J = Jan
of it. And the main character, Basil Fawlty, lodging. So it's like a free holiday. Well,
almost free. C: Hi, Jan,
played by John Cleese, is absolutely brilliant. J: Oh, hi, Chris. When did you get back?
It's like a lesson in comic acting; the more P: I think it sounds great. Where are you
going exactly? C: Last night.The plane got in at nine.
bad things that happen to this man the
S: It's in the centre of the country. Hold on a J: Welcome home!
more we laugh.
My favourite scene is the scene with minute. I've got a photo on my phone. Yeah, C: Thanks.
Mrs Richards and Basil Fawlty. And, it's very, here, look. J: So, how was it?
very cleverly done. Mrs Richards wears a G: Ah, nice location! C: Brilliant! I had an absolutely amazing
hearing aid and Basil Fawlty hates Mrs P: It looks stunning. time.
Richards - she's a terrible, grumpy, old, S: Yeah, and this ... is the local town. J: And how's your Spanish?
complaining customer who he really doesn't G: So it's not all work? C: /'1uy bien, gracias.

•
like. So he comes into the room and he S: No. I get lots of time off. I'm hoping to J: Sounds good to me. So tell me all about it.
mimes at her - so he moves his mouth but visit a few places at the weekends and I'm C: Well, the family were lovely. Really
he doesn't make any sound - so that going to Paris one weekend. hospitable. They made me feel at home
 AUDIO SCRIPTS

straightaway. And incredibly generous. They But for me the best thing is the humour, the 8: They film it where?
even invited me out to a restaurant on my joking around. It's really entertaining. A:In BA. Buenos Aires. Argentina.
last night. 8: I'll bet I could figure out if they're lying. 8: They fly to Argentina to film this?
J:Yeah? A: Maybe. Anyway, after they've finished, the A:Yeah, it's a big deal.
C:And Maria, who did the teaching, was very team that asked the questions decide if it B: I'd like to see it.
good, very patient. We spent a lot of time was a lie or not. If they're right, they get a
together going for walks along the lake - point.
you know the town is on a big lake ... 8: What sort of things do they say? UNIT 4 , g7
J: Yeah, I saw your photos on Facebook A:Gosh, all sorts of things. One of my A: Excuse me, hello, sorry to bother you,
- they looked stunning, absolutely favourites was when a female panellist said have you got a minute?
breathtaking. she'd once kissed one of the other panellists. 8: Ah, yeah, sure.
C: ... yeah, and we would chat or just sit 8: And was it true? A: Do you mind if I ask you some questions?
around drinking limonada con soda and . A:I'm not going to tell you. It's on TV tonight. I'm just doing a survey on happiness.
J:What's that? We can watch and you can show me how B:Right.
C: Erm, that's freshly squeezed lemons and great you are at saying if someone is lying. A: I'll read out the questions to you and you
soda water. It's a typical drink there. But one B:Oh great ... can just tell me what you think, if that's OK.
week was really not enough. 8: Yeah, fine.
Conversation 2
J:So are you hoping to go back?
A:Oh, you must have seen it ... A: Great. Um, could you look at this list of
C: I'd love to. Maria's invited me and I might five things so you've got, ah, number one
go back next summer but only if I can afford 8: No, I've never even heard of it. How does
it work? car, then two is friendship, three good food,
the flight. But I have a plan. I'm going to look four money and five free time. So which two
for a new job, with more money. A:Well, it sounds really stupid, but I'll try
to describe it. It's basically a race over an of these would you find it the most difficult
J: Hey, are you free tomorrow for lunch? Why to live without?
don't we meet up and you can tell me more obstacle course.
B: Uh ... Over a what? 8: Which two, the most difficult to live
about it? without?
C:Yeah that would be great. Where shall we A:An obstacle course. There are lots of
things that they have to climb over and A: Yes.
meet?
balance on ... 8: Ah, well, I couldn't live without friendship.
8: Oh, obstacle, got it. I'm, I'm a very social animal I need, um,
UNIT 4 , g5 A: ... and if they fall off, they fall into water family and friends around me, so it can't be
or mud. that one. Um - oh, no, sorry, that is, to live
Conversation 1 8: Sounds dangerous.
without ... yes ...
A: It's one of these games that involve lying A:It can be. A:That's one.
and people trying to figure out if you're lying 8: That is one, so ...
B:So what are the ... obstacles like?
or not, but it's different and really funny. A:Well, there are a lot of different ones. A:Then we just need one more.
8: I like that kind of thing. Are there teams There's the Sweeper. 8: ... friendship is definitely one of them.
or something? Ah ...
8: Sweeper, like a broom.
A:Yeah, there are two teams with three A: Yes, number two, OK.
A: Yeah. Basically, the way it works is that
celebs on each team. twelve of the contestants stand on podiums B: Oh, that's difficult. Free time I don't have
8: Er ... Three what? over water ... any anyway, ah, I could lose the car, I think
A:Celebs. Celebrities. B: They stand where?
that wouldn't be a problem. Um, do you
8: Oh, right. know what ...
A:On podiums.These tall columns, or blocks.
A:There's a team captain on each team, Like little towers. A: How about money?
actually the team captains are well known 8: ... sad as it is, it's probably money,
8: And is it hard to balance?
comedians and they're on every show. because money actually ...
A:Well yes, mainly because of the Sweeper.
8: So each team has a comedian and two It's a big arm really, and it turns around and A: Money, no, most people ...
celebrities. around over the podiums. What you have 8: ... you know leads to happiness in, in
A:Exactly. The first thing they do is to tell a to do is jump over the arm when it gets to indirect ways I think.
personal story. So a panellist tells a personal you. Then you have to land on the podium A: OK, so I'm gonna put number two and
story ... without falling down. number four for that one. And also, how
8: Sorry, who tells a story? 8: And if they get knocked down? happy would you say you are, on a scale of
A: A panellist. One of the people on one of A: They fall into the water. Sometimes quite
one to five, five being very happy?
the teams. dramatically. That's the thing I like best, 8: Today or just generally?
B:Oh, I see. those dramatic falls. The last one standing A:I think generally.
A: So they tell something about themselves, wins the round. 8: Oh, generally OK, um, oh, ah, three or four,
ohen something really embarrassing ... 8: Sorry, they win what? um - three and a half.
Now it might be true or they might be lying. A: The round. That part of the competition. A:Ah.
The key thing is to say something that's so 8: Oh, so there are more obstacles. 8: Can I have half?
unbelievable that it's hard to imagine it's A:Oh yeah. It's not just the Sweeper, there A:No.
true. are lots of different types of obstacles.Tippy 8: Oh, OK. Um, well you've made me laugh,
8: And then they vote? Tables, Teeter Totters, Dock Maze, Crazy I'll have four.
A: Not right away. What happens next is the Beams, Doughnuts. A:Oh, lovely, I'll put you down for four. And
other team grills the storyteller ... 8: Wow. Doughnuts. Crazy.And how do you what would you say is missing from your life,
B: Uh, they do what? win? so what would make you happier?
A:Grill him. Ask a lot of questions to try and A:The point is to get round the course in B: Ah, probably, ah, working nearer to home?
find out if the person's lying. the fastest time.The fastest person is the A: OK.
8: Yeah, you can tell if someone's lying by winner. B:That's, I think you know ... just generally
how fast they answer. 8: Sounds quite good fun. the time that would give me ...
A:Well, the panellists are usually very good A:The studio is amazing. They film it in BA. A: Right.
at it. It's surprising how hard it is to guess. Imagine, the UK TV crew ... B:... with family.
A: So maybe it's free time then ... I: And this ... information is used in video MZ: And what about sort of the other side
B: Yeah, yeah. adverts as well? of that, you know, scare people into thinking
A: ... more of that.OK that's lovely, thank J: Sure. If a video advert goes viral, it'll get about what happens if you, if you sit down
you ever so much for taking part, really do millions of views. And compared with TV, it's too much, if you don't, if you're not walking.
appreciate it. basically free. Your brand name will travel Wl: Good.
B: You're welcome. around the world provided the video goes MZ: You know health problems and ...
A: OK, bye bye. viral. Ml: Good idea.
I: And how can you ensure that? MZ: I tell you what, what about ...
J: You can't, but there are certain things that Ml: Health.
UNITS • ng4 can help. MZ: Could you, you know, I don't know, close
I - Interviewer J - Jake I: Such as? public transport for a day, so everyone has
J: Well about twenty-five percent of viewers to walk.
I: Jake, you've been in advertising for what - will click off the video in the first ten WZ: That's good.
thirty-five years? How have things changed seconds. So you need to grab the viewer in Ml: So that's ...
over that time? the first five seconds. WZ: That's really good.
J: Well, there have been huge changes in I: Uh huh. Ml: So what in a town, in the town centre
where and how we advertise, but many of J: And you need to make the video you mean?
the basic principles of marketing are the memorable. I'll show you what I mean. I'll
same, for example, how consumers choose MZ: Yeah, yeah.
describe a video. You tell me the product. Ml: Yeah, that's a good idea.
brands. l:OK.
I: Can you give me an example? WZ: Hey, we're brainstorming!
J: Babies on roller skates dancing to hip-hop Ml:OK.
J: Yes, let's imagine a coffee shop in a town music.
centre somewhere, anywhere, and it sells Wl: Maybe a video showing just people's
I: Mineral water ... feet, so you've got walking and talking at the
a thousand cups of coffee a day. Now, if
J: A gorilla playing drums to a famous pop same time.
another coffee shop opened next door ...
song. Ml: Yeah - we could maybe, I know,
I: ... the first owner would be furious. I: Chocolate.OK. I see your point. They were
J: Don't be so sure. How many cups of coffee incentivise people by raising money for
all quite bizarre. charity.
would each shop sell?
J: Exactly, and memorable. People will click All: Yes.
I: I don't know. Five hundred? off unless the video is memorable. And
J: Logical, but no. They'd sell at least a Ml: Like distance covered, how many steps
millions of people shared them. And that or ...
thousand cups each. didn't cost the advertiser anything. It's a
I: Incredible. Why's that? Wl: Have one more, one more.
great way to enter the market if you're a
J: Choice makes people want things more. MZ: Well maybe get some celebrities
small business.
With one coffee shop, the question is, involved.
I: Yeah, I see. Any other guidelines?
'Shall I get a coffee or not?' but with two, Wl: That's a great idea as well. Did you get
J: Well, make it short. Fifteen to sixty
the question becomes 'Which coffee shall all of that Ben?
seconds is good.
I get?' Ml: Yeah, so we've got, we've got um
I: OK.
I: Fascinating. So what else hasn't changed? sponsorship, health in ...
J: And it matters which day you post it. If
J: Pricing is still important. People still Wl: Yes.
you release the video at the weekend, you're
like a bargain. But they also like to treat dead. Ml: ... tied with that we've got scaring
themselves. people, you know.
I: But surely that's when people are free?
I: What do you mean? Wl: Yes.
J: No, the best time is Monday and Tuesday,
J: Well, supposing you wanted to sell a new Ml: We've got closing, um, public transport
between eleven and one. Back at work, at
brand of chocolate and your competitor's in the town.
their desks, bored.
price was €2, what price would you set? Wl: Yeah.
I: Right. And what about the content?
I: Mmm, I'd reduce the price. Maybe 1.80? MZ: Yeah.
J: Tell a story. Engage the viewer. For
J: Why? example ... Ml: We've got a video.
I: Because consumers want to save money. Wl: Online, the viral.
J: True, to a certain extent. But experience Ml: Yeah the viral, yeah. And a charity
shows that if the price is higher people think campaign.
your product is better. Wl: Uh-huh.
Ml=Man 1 M2 - Man2 Wl = Woman 1
I: So 2.50 would be better? MZ: We're looking with ...
W2=Woman2
J: Indeed. Ml: And, and oh yes celebrity, I didn't write
I: How about advertising a product? It's all Wl: OK people, so we're going to look for that down.
video now, isn't it? ways to get people walking more today and Wl: Celebrity, yeah OK brilliant, time's up
J: Well, not completely, but much more.One Ben's going to take notes. and we've got some really great ideas, well
thing hasn't changed though, which is the Ml: Right OK, I'm just gonna get a pen. done.
way we respond to colour. Wl: Thank you. At this stage I think let's just
I: Oh, you mean like red means danger? get all our ideas down and we can discuss
them later. UNITS , ng 7
J: Yes, that kind of thing.We have built-
in associations for every colour. Red is WZ: Right, what I think, some sort of
Ml= Man 1 M2= Man2 Wl - Woman 1
associated with energy, so it's good for branding, we need a sponsor. Like, I don't W2 =Woman2
energy drinks, cars, sports equipment and , know, a shoe company, for example.
_ Wl: OK. Next idea. Wl: OK, we're gonna look at the list and
things like that. Green suggests safety, so it s
often used for medical products. Apparently, Ml: Well, I think walking is the easiest we've got all the ideas but we need to cut
yellow and orange stimulate the appetite, so exercise anyone can take, and ... it down now. So I'm gonna put them up on
they're used for food ads; blue on the other Wl: Benefits of it? the screen. And we'll start with the shoe
hand supresses the appetite, it's linked more company one, the sponsor, how do you feel
Ml: Yeah, the benefits of, of exercise you
about this idea?
to intellect and precision, so it's used to know and losing weight ... keeping your
promote high-tech products. heart healthy. MZ: Well actually that could be a problem.
I mean we want the campaign to be as wide

8!¥1
 AUDIO SCRIPTS

as possible, don't we? So we don't want to Wl: ... have it as a competition. UNIT6 g3
link it just with one company, do we? Ml: Yeah, brilliant! OK ... so ... Dear the future me, I hope this
Ml: Yeah, no that's a good point. Wl: So to guess whose feet that was, for letter has found its way to you/me. As I write
W2: That's true actually. example. this, I am sixteen in year eleven; and as I
Ml: Yeah, I mean my idea for example about W2: Yes. read it, I am twenty. Wow! I will have changed
pursuing the health angle. M2: Yeah. so much. I can only guess what I will be like
M2: Yeah. Wl: So you have a shot at the feet walking, at twenty. I envisage myself at Oxford Uni,
Ml: I um. I mean we could get, we could get the person speaking and then you have to sitting ... oh, this is embarrassing ... sitting
a TV doctor perhaps to make a programme guess who it is. under a tree by the river in the college
about benefits of walking. M2: Ah, nice. grounds. I think I'll be wearing something
M2: Yeah, yeah. Ml: Sounds good to me. floaty and a bit indie. but I bet when I get
Wl: Nice. W2: Yeah I like that. this, it'll be raining.
M2: To be honest it wouldn't be my first Wl: OK, let's go with that. I know, I'm a romantic. I hope that hasn't
choice, I have to say, I mean I, I like it. changed. My plans for myself in the
Wl: If you had the scientific angle to it, it following years are to find a man, someone
could work. UNIT 5 • g 11 good-looking, romantic and intelligent who
W2: Yeah, it's a bit obvious maybe. D'you shares my interests. Either way, I hope I'll
W = Woman M = Man
know what I mean it's kind of ... have someone. I don't remember this ... and
Wl: What, been done? W: We would like to introduce to you an idea then I think I'll have three children with long,
W2: I think it has actually. I think it's a bit, that will change the way you eat: Yummy brown hair and green eyes.
a bit boring, I think the science thing's a Utensils. As you can guess, we're talking Well, I'll stop now even though I want to
bit boring. And actually that's quite a lot of about knives, forks and spoons that you write everything I can down, but I'm running
money to ... can eat. out of time. I hope I'm happy, and I hope this
Ml: OK, fair enough. M: You'll never have to throw plastic knives, letter makes me feel good about who I was,
W2: to stick something on the telly. forks and spoons in the rubbish again. At the or am, as I write this. Keep smiling, and while
end of your lunch, after you finish eating, I can't really say bye, but good luck for the
Wl: Alright, so in that case would you
you simply eat your utensils, like this. future and keep dreaming. Don't change too
consider the opposite idea of scaring people
W: Yummy Utensils are made of a special much, and be happy with who you are - I like
into it?
vegetable and flour mixture, are strong who I am now more than any other time.
Ml: Well frankly I don't think that will be
enough to cut meat and pierce salad, but Love, Laura.
effective. You know people have been told
easy to digest after you chew them.
about the dangers of lack of exercise for
years. M: They're tasty, too - a bit like pretzels.
Here, would you like to try one? UNIT6 · g4
M2: Yeah, it's not a new thing, is it?
Wl: All right then. How does the idea of W: What makes our idea special is that It all seems really shallow looking back and
it's not just practical, and it's not a simple reading what I thought I'd be doing or hoped
closing public transport strike you?
gimmick. I'd be doing. I think my sixteen-year-old self
W2: I don't think that's realistic to be
M: No, Yummy Utensils are not just practical might have been disappointed with where
honest with you. I don't, I don't think the
and fun, they're also environmentally I am, but because I as my twenty-year-old
train and bus companies would go for that.
friendly. Just think of all of the resources self have sort of grown up and matured,
They'd lose so much money I just, just, I just
that go into making plastic utensils, which I'm absolutely ecstatic with where I am,
think ...
are just thrown into the rubbish and become and it doesn't have to be this perfect
Ml: To put it bluntly it ...
a permanent part of the waste that we sitting-by-a-lake kind of image.
W2: disaster OK. litter the planet with. Yummy Utensils are
Ml: ... it wouldn't work. made from natural ingredients, using the
Wl: Because they'd just lose money. same processes as are used to make bread Unit6 t g6
W2: They'd lose too much money. products, and of course create no rubbish
M2: Actually, I think we're on the wrong track P - Presenter E = Ed J = Julia D = Dan
at all. Even if you don't eat your Yummy
here. Z = Zara
Utensils and throw them in the rubbish, they
W2: Yeah? dissolve within days. So there's no damage P: And up next, it's time for 'Just tell me
M2: I mean I think it would be great if we to the environment. I'm wrong.' Today's topic: how young is too
could get celebrities, to, sort of, promote W: We envisage this product being sold in young or, perhaps more accurately, how old
walking generally, I think. supermarkets, in the same section where is old enough? We've received hundreds of
Ml: That's not a bad idea at all. I think we you buy picnic supplies. But don't be calls, emails and text messages about the
should go for the feet idea. surprised if they're sold in the snack section right age for a child to do all sorts of things
Wl: With the video of the feet walking. - they taste better than some snack foods. like have a smartphone. In fact our first
Ml: That's right, yeah. And they're certainly better for you. caller asks about just that. His name is Ed.
M2: I mean I have to say at the moment I'm M: We think that Yummy Utensils will be a Go ahead, Ed. You're on.
torn between the video and the celebrity. hit with families in particular, since they're E: Hi. My situation is that my eight-year-old
You know I think they're the best two ideas. the biggest consumers of disposable kept asking for a smartphone, and
Wl: Alright, so with that in mind suppose we utensils. eventually we bought her one a few
try combining the two ideas, our favourite W: And kids love having a fork or spoon they months ago. Then, last week, I got a bill for
ones. So we have the feet video ... can eat. We've done some market testing over £200! I knew something like this
Wl: But we have it so it's a celebrity. and it was amazing how much the children would happen.
M2: Famous feet! enjoyed them. P: So basically you think she's too young for
All: Yeah, yeah. M: In the future, we are planning to develop a phone?
a sweetened version which will make Yummy E: Yeah, yeah, that's right.
Ml: Famous feet! That's a good title for it as
Utensils the perfect dessert. P: Surely it's up to the parents to set

-
well.
W: Thank you for your attention and we guidelines.
Wl: Oh and you could ...
welcome any questions. E: So what you're saying is I should give her
M2: Yeah, I like it.
some rules?
Ml: Famous feet.
P: Exactly. Right from the beginning. OK, UNIT6 :; ing8 H: Well, when a politician, for example,
thanks, Ed. Next caller is Julia. What's your appears in a published photograph in any
W = Woman M = Man ... embarrassing situation, say accepting
question, Julia?
J: My question is about social networking W: I'm going to speak against the statement: money ... sometimes the police ask me to
sites. I don't let my daughter use them. 'Employers should give preference to look at it. Then, if I decide if the photograph
She's only ten and I'm worried about online younger applicants when hiring.' The Arst is a hoax, they see if they can And out who
bullying. point I'd like to make is that selecting a did it.
P: So in other words, you're worried about person for a job on the basis of their age is P: Right. OK, well, let's look at some
kids being horrible to other kids. unfair. It's as bad as choosing someone photographs that we found on the internet -
J: Yeah. You hear so much about it nowadays. because of their gender or race or religion. some hoaxes; some not. Talk us through the
P: That's a very good point. Online bullying People should be selected for a job photographs if you would.
is a serious problem ... but isn't it better because of their abilities and suitability and H: So, this photo of a bike in a tree looks like
to talk it over with her? I'm sure they have not because they are a certain age. For a hoax simply because it's such an unusual
lessons at school about how to stay safe example, if a sixty-year-old person is able, image. Also, it looks a bit like a composite
online. She has to learn some time. physically and mentally, to do a job, they photo ...
J: So what you mean is I'm being should be judged on the same basis as a P: What's a composite photo?
overprotective? thirty-year-old. H: When you combine two or more photos,
P: To be honest, yes. And if you try and stop M: I would like to speak in favour of the that's a composite. In this case, it would be
her, she'll only And a way to go onto a social statement. I would like to start off by saying very easy to put a picture of the two halves
networking site in secret. And if she ends that I fully support equal opportunities for of the bike over a photo of a tree. In fact,
up in a bullying situation and you haven't people applying for a job. However, I would this would be a very easy hoax photo to put
prepared her, that could be much worse. like to pick up on the point made by Sarah together.
J: Oh dear ... I'm sure you're right but it's not when she said 'if a person is able, physically P: So what you're saying is, it isn't real.
easy being a parent nowadays. and mentally, to do a job'. I think we need H: No, it actually is real. I wasn't sure
to be realistic here. As people age, this can myself, but I found out it was near Seattle,
P: I agree. Thanks for your question, Julia.
Let's go to our next caller. Dan, you're on. affect their energy, their ability to react Washington. So I asked a friend who lives
quickly and their memory. In some jobs it there, and he told me he'd seen it with
D: Hi, my question's also about technology. may be vital for people to have high levels
P: It seems like that's everyone's main worry. his own eyes a number of years before.
of energy, for example in a creative industry Apparently, there are many different legends
Anyway, go ahead Dan. such as advertising. Or people need to be
D: Well, my son, Seth, he's twelve and, up till about how it got there.
able to react quickly, for instance if they're P: Well, I thought that one was deAnitely
recently he was a normal twelve-year-old, a lorry driver, or be able to concentrate for
you know, he used to go out with his friends, a hoax. Let's look at the next one. This one
long periods of time if they're an airline could be real. A man hanging on the
play football with me, you know ... we had a pilot. It is simply a fact of life that, as we
great relationship. landing gear of a jet plane is such an
age, our mental and physical capabilities extraordinary sight, maybe that's why it
P: So, Dan, basically I'm guessing he doesn't deteriorate and that, for certain jobs,
want to spend so much time with you now looks a bit fake.
younger people are better. H: Well, even if you'd never seen such a
and you feel ...
D: Oh no, it's not that. It's just that he spends thing, common sense would tell you that a
all his time on the computer now. UNIT7 ., ing 2 man couldn't survive even the landing. The
wind would pull him off.
P: Surely that's just normal nowadays.
D: It's hard to say. Sometimes at the
P = Presenter H = Hoaxer P: Then it IS a hoax photo.
weekend he spends all day in his bedroom P: Welcome to Insight, where the topic for H: Yes, a classic composite photo. Not badly
on social networking sites or playing video the day is hoaxes, speciAcally photo hoaxes. put togethe�though.
games. I don't think it's right. I mean for one It was extremely difficult get someone who P: Remarkable. Now this next one could be
thing, he never gets any exercise. produces hoax photos, a hoaxer, to agree real, sharks swimming through a flooded
P: Don't you think it's just a stage he's going to appear on the show, and it was only suburb. I remember seeing this on the
through? I used to spend hours in my bedroom on condition that we promise to keep his internet. After one of those big hurricanes.
listening to music when I was that age. identity secret. So, I'd like to welcome my H: Ha, you've probably seen lots of photos
D: So what you mean is I should just relax guest to the show. like this, and maybe this exact one.
and let him get on with it? H: Thank you. P: Why? Why's it funny?
P: Yeah, he'll grow out of it. And you can't P: For starters, can you explain why you want H: I'm ninety-nine percent sure this is a hoax
force him to go and play football if he to remain anonymous? simply because it's a cliche - yet another
doesn't want to. H: Two reasons really. I suppose, one is photo of sharks swimming where they
D: I guess not. Thanks. mystery. What I mean is a good hoax photo shouldn't be! Look on the internet and you'll
P: OK, our next caller is Zara. You're on. is more powerful if people don't know And plenty of hoax photos of sharks.
Z: Um, I was wondering how you would deal where it came from. If people knew I'd P: And that's it? Is there a technical reason
with a thirteen-year-old wanting to get produced the photo, the effect would be why you know it's a hoax?
pierced ears? lost. H: Well, yes. The water next to the Ans isn't
P: Thirteen years old? Doesn't she simply P: Fair enough. And the other reason? right. The surface of the water would break
want to be like her friends? I imagine a lot of H: Well, it's a fact that hoaxers often use differently if there really were sharks there.
them have pierced ears. photographs taken by someone else, and Look closely.
Z: Well ... that's it. I'm not talking about a she. often without permission, and the original P: I see. You know, it seems like a lot of work.
photographer could sue us. Why do people do it? It can't be for the
P: Oh, in other words you're upset because
P: So basically, you're playing it safe then. money.
your thirteen-year-old son wants to get his
ears . H: Yeah, you could put it that way. H: I dunno. I can only speak for myself and to
P: OK. Now I asked you before the show if be honest I'm thrilled when people believe
Z: That's right.
you'd ever earned money for your hoax work, one of my photos.
P: Ah ... so it's because he's a boy rather
and you said that you often work with the P: Because they want to believe it?
than his age?
police and detectives. What exactly do you H: Well, yes. Maybe we all like to believe
Z: I suppose so. something really unusual could be true.
do for the police?
P: Well, does he have friends who've got ...
 AUDIO SCRIPTS

UNIT7 , ing4 Conversation 3 it for a doorknob.And the door knob was

A: That's extraordinary! swapped for something to do with
Conversation 1 B: What is? camping, ...
A:Wow! A: This story about the baby in China. W: Oh, so he kept trading up each time.
B: What's that? B: What happened? M: Yeah, he kept trading, trading up so, and
A: It's this story. Listen to this. 'A woman used A: It's about a baby and apparently it then that was swapped for a keg I think.
a wooden soup ladle to save her husband climbed out onto a window ledge on the Apparently what happened was all these
from attack by a tiger'. people were ... the same sort of thought
second floor. Oh there's a video ... And, oh
B: What? A ladle? patterns as him and they wanted to sort of
look, you can see these people underneath
A: Well, her husband was being attacked by just holding out their arms because they meet up and it was about a social event as
a tiger. know it's going to fall.And there are some well.
B: Where was this? people putting cardboard down to try and W:Ah.
A: In Malaysia.Apparently, her husband had break the fall.Wow! M:Anyway, the next thing he got was a snow
just gone into the forest. She saw the tiger B: Let me see.Wow! Look at that man! How globe and, according to the report, it said a
attack him and grabbed the first thing she on earth did he catch it? film director wanted it and said he'd swap
could find, which was a wooden soup ladle. A: 'Just human instinct,' that's what one man it for a part in his film.And then this town
And she just charged at the animal yelling at said. decided they had this house in this town,
the top of her voice and bashing its head. and that they would swap the house for a
B: What a catch! That's such an amazing
B: And it didn't attack her? part in this film.
thing!
A: No. The amazing thing is that the tiger W: No! So he went all the way from the red
A: It's lucky the men noticed the baby.
ran off. paper clip to getting a house.
B: Yeah, I suppose they saw some
B: Wow, there's no way I'd do that! M: ... a house.And my impression was that
movement.
he, he was just crazy at the beginning but
A: Not even for me? A: Or maybe they heard something.
he, he ended up having this - I'm not sure
B: Not even for you! You're the one who's B: What's that? The woman's bringing how good the house was but, well, yeah.
always telling me to stop. something.
W: Well, better than a paper clip.
A: Stop what? A: It's hard to say but it looks like a cushion.
M: I know basically that's what happened.
B: Stop helping people so much. B: Yeah, it could be a sofa cushion. W:Wow!
A: I didn't mean to stop helping me! A: I guess they thought the baby might fall
Conversation 2 on it.
B: That must be the luckiest baby alive. UNITS .'' ing 2
A: Hey, Mike. Did you buy a lottery ticket?
A: Absolutely incredible. Let me see again.
B: No, why? P = Presenter D = Dominic H = Heather
A: Well, you want to be careful. It says
P: OK, Dominic and Heather we're going to
here that some store clerks are taking the UNIT7 , ing8 play a game
winnings. You know when customers take in
a winning ticket and they have to check it in M = Man W = Woman D:Oh.
the store ... H:Ahem.
M: Did you hear this story in the news about
B: Yeah ... P: Its, it's an experiment. Um what I'm gonna
this guy that swapped a paper clip for a
A: Well, these guys have been telling do is - hang on I'm just gonna get it out of
house?
customers that they didn't win and then my pocket. I'm going to give you, Dominic,
W:No. £10.
they take the winning tickets for themselves. M: It sounds a bit out there but apparently
B: That's so wrong! Suppose it was, like, a big D: OK, can I keep it?
what happened was he started ... he was
amount? P:OK - for now.And you have to decide how
at his desk looking for a job or phoning up
A: One of the tickets was for $1,000 and much you're going to offer Heather.
about jobs ...
the .. D:OK.
W: Yeah.
B: That's totally outrageous! P: And if Heather accepts then you divide
M: ... and, um, he saw a paper clip on his
A: Yeah. Exactly. the money as agreed. You get some and she
desk, and he thought, I wonder what I can
B: So, how did they find it out? gets some.
do with this paper clip - whether I can swap
A: The police did some undercover it for something. D: Right.
investigations at convenience stores.And ... W:Oh. P: But, if Heather rejects your offer and she
yeah, one of them was for $1,000 and the ... doesn't like the way you've split the £10 ...
M: Anyway, so he got onto the internet and
B: Hey, maybe we won something ... he made this website - I think it's called D:Mmm.
A: In your dreams. You don't buy lottery the-red-paper-clip dot com. P: ... then I get the £10 back and neither of
tickets anyway. W: Right. you get anything.
B: That's true. H:Um.
M:And he put this, this on the internet,
A: But it's weird that the customers didn't photographs it, puts it on, and sees if D: Ah, OK.
notice, isn't it? That's more surprising than anyone wants to swap something with him. H:OK.
the actual theft. W: And did, did anything happen? P: Could you understand?
B: Yeah. I do think they should do something M: Yeah, so first of all, I don't remember all D: Yeah, I think so.
about it. the details but as I recall two Vancouver H: Yeah.
A: Who? women, um, took up the first challenge and P:Are you sure?
B: The lottery companies. they swapped the paper clip with, I think it H: Yeah.
A: They are doing something about it. was a pen shaped like a fish they had D: Yeah - so I basically have to choose how
They're going to install machines so you can found ... much money I'm going to offer Heather.
check your own numbers. W: Random. P: Yeah.
B: That is a good idea. M: Yeah - they had found on a camping trip, H: And then ...

-
yeah random. But he meets up with all D: And if she's happy with it ...
these people he doesn't just send the H: I decide if I want it or not.
things.And so then from that, I believe, this P: That's right, OK?
guy in Seattle wanted the pen and swapped H: OK?

- -- ---- --------------------------- --
0: So ... 0:Ah. L: Oh. Yeah. I suppose so.
P: Right there you go. P: So Dominic ... J: Look, I've got a suggestion. I'd feel better
O: Thank you, that's for me. That's a lot of O:OK. if we could work out how much is owed and
money, I would quite like all of it.Uh, do I H:OK. then you could pay me back a little each
just say it now, out loud? 0: I have the power. week, you know, however much you can
P: Yeah. P: It's your decision. You have the power. It's afford. How does that sound?
0: OK, uh I'm going to offer you £5. your decision. L: Yeah, yeah. That sounds reasonable.
P:Um. 0: Um, OK so I just say it out loud? J:OK, great so ...
H: Go on then, I'll accept that. P: Yeah.
0: Yeah. 0:Uh, the offer I'm going to give you this
H: Yeah, I will yeah. time is £1 and that means £9 will be for me.
0: Great so we get a five, fiver each. P:OK. OK, here are some things that I think would
P: You do indeed and I, and I lose £10. H: Well then I accept that cos I have no be useful if you're visiting the States,
0: Yeah, that was worth it. choice. especially if you're coming here to do
0: You have no choice. business.
P: OK, so I mean that's really interesting.
Why, why Dominic did you decide on that P: You have no choice. But, but the question So first of all, with names. When you
split? here is how do you feel, how do you feel first meet someone, it's considered good
about that? manners to use a title along with their
0:Um, I guess, if I offered any less I didn't
H: Yeah I feel a bit hard done by, to be surname, you know like Mr Smith or Ms
think you'd take it.
honest. I feel a bit cheated really, um. Jones, and so on. But the funny thing is that
H: No.
in fact people will in most cases want to
0: So I thought this way. P: His fairness, from last time has all
use first names, you know be on a first­
P: But why, why, why would you? disappeared.
name basis, like 'Hey call me "Bob"' and all
0:Um, because it's, it's not fair, you know H: Yeah, mm.
that. That might not be comfortable for
cos this isn't any more my money than it is O: Um I guess I gave you a pound to still you but in fact if you stick to a more formal
hers really, just cos it's a game, you've given show that I'm, you know, not heartless. Mr Smith sort of thing, it's not going to be
it to me. H: Ahem. comfortable for them. I also think that once
P: Interesting. 0:Uh, you know so, you know I want to keep they know your name you'll find people
0:Um it, it was. all of it, but um I guess with the offer of use it a lot, so they'll say it periodically in a
P: And why, why did you accept? being able to have more, without the choice. conversation. If you're not used to it, it can
H: Um, because I felt that it was equal you H: Um. seem strange at first.
know an, an equal split, um, I thought it was 0:Um, it sort of, it was easier for me, to say, I Now with meeting people for the first time
very kind and yeah generous to give me half. won't feel so guilty, I don't feel. . .. It's pretty normal for people to shake
0:Uh. H: Yeah tempting, isn't it? hands, or at least guys do. Women usually
P:OK and um, OK then - here's an 0: Feel a bit guilty now, but no I just thought do, certainly in business, but not always.
interesting question. Heather, in your mind - is, there's no option for her so I might as On the whole, Americans tend to avoid
what would have ... well keep more of it. greetings that involve hugging and other
H:Um ... close physical contact, except with family
P: been the lowest amount? members and friends. Having said that,
O:Ahem. don't be surprised if someone gives you a
H: It act- hug the first time you meet them, either as a
P: that you would have accepted? hello or a goodbye. You sort of have to keep
J: Here's your coffee. your eyes open and try to anticipate what
H: It actually would have been £5 because L: Thanks, Jim. Oh, I needed that. they'll do.
I think any lower than that and I'd have felt
J: No problem. Hey, Liz, there's something When people sit down, like in a meeting,
sort of you know.
I've been meaning to talk to you about. people like to get comfortable, so people
0: Hard done by.
L: Oh yeah? cross their legs with one ankle on the other
P: Very interesting.
J: It's just that ... well ... you know you knee. I know this is rude in some countries
H: Hard done by, yeah, is the word, yeah. borrowed some money from me last week? but it's normal here. That reminds me, if
P: Thanks guys, cheers. L: Oh, right. It was ten euros, wasn't it? you're chatting with someone in an office,
I don't actually have that on me at the standing up, they might sit on a desk, which
moment. I know is a big no-no in places like Japan.
J: It's not that, it's ... I hope you don't take Other gestures? Well, if an American wants
this the wrong way, but, um ... to show agreement, they'll sometimes give
L: Right. the thumbs up sign or they'll make a circle
P: OK guys, uh we're gonna play another out of their thumb and index finger. Don't be
game now. J: ... it's just that this isn't the first time I've
lent you money and er, well you haven't offended if in your culture this isn't polite. It
0:Um. just means 'A OK' in the States.
P: It's called the Dictator game.And, uh, I paid it back. I mean, I know it's not a lot, just
small amounts each time but it kind of adds Last of all, timing: punctuality is very
think I'm gonna be very out of pocket by the important for business occasions and it's
end of the day. up quite quickly ... I dunno. Do you know
what I mean? unacceptable to be late, and if you are late
0: More money? it will be appreciated if you let your contact
L: Yeah. Sorry. I didn't realise. I know I'm
P: Yeah.Another £10 note. know if you are going to be late. It's the
terrible with money. I just forget. Look, I
H: Oh, a ten. same for social occasions, you need to arrive
promise I'll give it back, but could you wait a
P: And, I'm gonna give it to you again. week? Until I get paid. on time.
0: Thank you. J: Well, actually, you've said that once before. Of course, having said all this, it's important
P: But this time - instead of making an offer I don't want you to get the wrong idea, but to remember that the United States is

-
which you can, you Heather can accept or ... it, you know, never happened.And it huge and there's a lot of variety in what's
reject ... makes things slightly awkward. It makes me acceptable in different places.Anyway, I
H: OK. feel just a bit annoyed. Do you see where I'm hope this advice helps.
P: You have to accept it. coming from?
 AUDIO SCRIPTS

arresting her for paying with counterfeit thirty seconds later that I realised my wallet
money. had gone and that he must have taken it
Conversation 1 I: Fake money! Wow! when he hit me, collided with me.
L = Lise J = Jeff D: So he took the cash and the necklace as P: But did it cross your mind that it wasn't
evidence, wrote down his contact details, just an accident?
L: So what happened was, I was sitting in a and promised me he'd bring the necklace A: No, it never occurred to me that he'd done
cafe and this young couple - they looked back by the end of the day. I didn't suspect it on purpose.
like tourists - asked me to take a photo anything. Then he took the woman away, P: Did you run after him?
of them. And I took their photo, and they presumably to book her at the police station. A: No, my mind just went blank and I stood
thanked me and left and then I looked at
I: And he didn't come back? there not knowing what to do.
my seat and realised my handbag had gone.
D: No, and stupid me, I didn't even begin to P: But you were OK? Not hurt?
with my mobile. wallet, credit card, keys,
suspect anything until it was closing time, A: No, just very shocked.
everything.
so then I phoned the police and they had no P: OK. Could you tell me exactly what your
J: No! What did you do? idea what I was talking about. That was it,
L: Well, there was a guy on the next table wallet looked like and what was in it?
end of story. A: It's brown leather and it has my credit
and he saw I was really upset and I explained
I: How much was the necklace worth? card and about 2 50 euros and -
about the bag and he asked me which bank
D: £600. And my boss took it out of my P: Hold on a minute, credit card ... about
I was with and he said he worked for that
salary. That's why I quit. 2 50 euros, yes?
bank and gave me a phone number and let
me use his mobile to phone them and stop I: So the police ID was a fake. A: And a photo of my girlfriend.
my credit card. D: Must have been. I just didn't check it. P: OK. So you saw the man. Can you give me
J: And you believed him? I: And wait a second, was the woman a real a description?
L: Yeah, I mean I was in a real panic. I was customer? A: Erm, about twenty, white, quite tall. And
really grateful for his help. Anyway, I phoned D: No, the woman must have been working he was wearing a sweater, grey colour with
the number and talked to a woman from 'the with the guy. She couldn't have been a real a ... you know ... erm, something you put
bank' and gave her my name and address customer or she wouldn't have gone with over your head ...
and my account number. him ... P: A hood? He was wearing a hoodie?
J: She sounded genuine? I: But she might have had fake money. A: Yes, that's the word. So I didn't see his
L: Yeah, completely. I could hear the sounds D: I really don't think so. face, not clearly. But he looked as if he was
of the call centre behind her. And she asked I: Talk about an ingenious scam ... just out jogging, you know, he was wearing
me to key in my PIN on the phone and she some sort of dark trousers, for running or for
said they'd stop my card. the gym.
UNIT9 : ing5
J: Wow. And you did? You punched in your P: Tracksuit bottoms?
PIN? P = Police officer A = Alain A: Yeah. I can't remember anything else, it all
L: Yeah, unfortunately. happened so quickly.
P: Hello, police. Can I help you?
J: So it was a double scam. They got your bag A: Yes, I'd like to report a crime. I've been
P: So that's a tall white male, about twenty,
and your bank account details. wearing a grey hoodie and dark tracksuit
robbed. bottoms?
L: I felt so stupid.
P: I'm very sorry to hear that, Sir. OK, I'll need A: That's right.
J: So who actually took your bag? to take a statement.
L: Well, it can't have been the young couple P: And did he have any other distinguishing
A: A statement? marks or features?
because I was looking at them all the time
P: To write down some details, if that's all A: Sorry?
I was taking the photo.Their job was just
right. P: Anything special or different from
to distract me. So it must have been stolen
when I was taking the photo. A: Yes, sure. normal? For example, a scar on his face or
J: Was it the guy at the next table, then? The P: Could you give me your name please, Sir? anything like that?
fake banker? A: Alain Girard. A: No, he just seemed like a normal guy, out
L: I think so. He must have taken my bag P: Right. That's Girard with a J? running. Nothing special. Except ...
when I wasn't looking. Then he could have A: No, G, and it's Alain spelled A-1-a-i-n. P: Yes?
hidden it in his case or maybe he gave it to P: Right, Mr Girard. Could you tell me exactly A: He reminded me a bit of that actor, Vin
another member of the gang. when the incident happened? Diesel. But younger. Do you know who I
J: And then he gave you a fake phone A: Just now. About an hour ago. mean?
number to call the bank. P: Could you be more precise? P: Vin Diesel, yeah. I'll put it down. And you
L: Yeah, and they probably used a recording A: Excuse me? said he said something to you.
of a call centre so that it sounded like the P: Could you give me the exact time? A: Yeah, but I didn't catch what he said. It
real bank. A: I think at 2.50 or 2.55. was too quick.
Conversation 2 P: That's about 2.50 on the seventh of June. P: Right, one last question and then I'll take
And where did it happen? your contact details. Were there any other
D = Dan I = Ingrid A: Park Avenue. people in the vicinity?
D: I was badly tricked a few years ago when I P: Can you pinpoint the exact location? A: Vicinity?
was working in a jewellery shop. A: Pinpoint? P: In the surrounding area - nearby. Any
I: You never told me about that. What P: Tell me exactly where. witnesses who saw what had happened?
happened? A: Oh. It was near the entrance to the park. A: No, there was no one nearby, in the ...
D: Well, this woman came in and was looking Just about fifty metres inside. vicinity.
at necklaces. She was young, attractive, well P: OK. Could you tell me what happened? P: Right, now I just need to take your contact
dressed, and then a guy came in shortly A: I was walking out of the park, and a man details, Mr Girard, and I can also give you a
afterwards and he was just looking around. was running towards me and he hit into me phone number to ring if ...
But then the woman went to pay for a

-
hard -
very expensive necklace that she'd picked P: He collided with you?
out, and when she was counting out the A: Yes and he said 'sorry' and something
money onto the counter, the guy grabbed else, then before I realised what had
her. flashed his police ID and said he was happened, he had run on. It was only about
 through the city and it can't stop otherwise UNIT 10 rding 5
there's a bomb and it's gonna blow it up. Um,
Wl = Woman 1 WZ = Woman 2 so, and there's a, Keanu Reeves he's, um, he's Conversation 1
Wl: So, we really need to decide then what the goody he's uh a policeman. And he's ... W = Woman M = Man
it is we get rid of and what is absolutely he jumps on board the bus to try and stop
essential to keep on the life rah, I think this bomb from going off. And, uh, it's just all W: So here we are in Greenwich Village.
that's probably the most important thing, the different characters on the bus. It's just M: It looks very different from the rest of
isn't it? really . New York.
M: I'm sure it's easy to get rid of a few things, A: The whole film is on the bus? W: Yeah, the streets are quite narrow and
isn't it? B: Yeah and, but it's, it's, well not at the the buildings aren't as high.
WZ: Like what? beginning, it sort of goes onto the bus. But M: It does look quite village-like.
M: Well, I'm not sure about the lighter. I uh, it's just I remember it being so tense and W: Yeah, but it's quite big. It extends out
mean, we can't really start a fire on a rah, gripping, 'cos you just didn't know what was west that way to the Hudson River, north
can we? gonna happen. You didn't know. above Washington Square. We'll go up there
A: It sounds really uncomfortable to watch, in a bit.
W2: No.
Wl: I suppose it depends on what the life was it not? M: And you lived here?
raft is made out of, doesn't it? B: It ... it's ... I just like that kind of that W: When I first came to New York, yeah. In
M: Yeah, but it's not exactly top priority to be feeling of like pure suspense 'cos you just an apartment just around the corner, on
able to cook a hot meal, you know, when you have no idea if it's gonna end well or not. West Third Street. Actually, you can see the
really just need to survive. And it did end very well. You have to watch building over there.
Wl: So no lighter? it. M: Near The Blue Note7
Mand W2: OK. A: Well yeah, as long as there's, you know, W: Yeah.
Wl: OK. So what do you think is important?
a point when you can relax, 'cos I don't like M: I've heard of The Blue Note.
feeling like that the whole way through a W: It's pretty famous. There are some great
W2: I'd say that a blanket is essential.
movie, anxiety. cafes around the neighbourhood, and
Wl: Interesting choice. What for?
B: Yeah, because you know when it's like that's one of the best. We can see a show
W2: Well, you can use it for a lot of different
driving along, and it, 'cos I think it has to there one night if you want.
things. To keep you warm obviously, but you stay at fifty miles per hour. And uh, so uh, if M: That'd be great.
can use a blanket as a towel if you get wet - there's, driving along a motorway and it's, W: Now up here on the \eh is the Cafe
Wl: If you fall in the water. there's traffic and stuff you have to change Reggio. It's where I used to hang out and
W2: ... for example. And a blanket can the route and things, so you just don't know read when I wasn't working.
protect you from the sun. where its gonna go. M: Looks good.
M: That hadn't occurred to me. OK, I'm A: Oh, OK. W: Their cappuccino is great. The story goes
convinced. So what else? B: And then they get to a bridge that's um, that the original owner brought cappuccino
Wl: Wei\ I can't see the point of taking the hasn't finished being built. Uh so you're to America. You can see the original
hand mirror can you? not sure how they're gonna get over the cappuccino machine inside.
M: Actually, I can. Because if ... bridge and stuff like that. So there's lots of M: Cool. We could stop and have a coffee.
moments where you just think, I have no W: Maybe a bit later? Let's head over to
clue what's gonna happen. Washington Square Park and then circle back.
UNIT 10 rding 1 A: Good stunts? M: OK - lead the way!
A: So come on then, favourite movie of all B: Very good, and I heard that he did all his
time. stunts himself, Keanu Reeves. W: A lot of these we're walking by
B: Um, I would have to say, cos I love action A: Yes, they always say that. have a real history. As I'm sure you know,
films, uh, that it would be Speed - have you B: He likes a bit of action, doesn't he? So, Greenwich Village has always been a centre
ever seen that? and I think it always helps to have a very of artistic life - very bohemian. It's always
A: Speed? good heroine in a film and she's, she's attracted famous writers, performers and poets.
B: Yeah it's with Keanu Reeves and Sandra beautiful, don't you think? And in the sixties, it was a big part of the
Bullock. A: Yes, I love her. I think she's very funny, but folk music scene: Simon and Garfunkel, Joni
A: Oh, I like her. tell me there's some comedy in there. Mitchell, Bob Dylar., you know.
B: She's very good isn't she? Um, so yeah, B: Um, there's not a huge amount of comedy. M: Before my time! Now what's this?
I just love any kind of action film. And I Uh, it's one of your traditional sort of W: This is Washington Square Park. We'll
remember watching it when I was really American blockbuster action films. So yeah walk into the park on this side. Can you play
young and watching it with my dad. And it's but it's, it's just, it's - there's not many action chess?
the sort of, like, a family-friendly action film, films with comedy in though are there? M: A bit, yeah.
because it's not too violent, it's not too gory A: I think that's why I don't watch them. W: Any of these guys here would be happy
but it's just really tense. And I remember B: Oh really7 to challenge you to a game of chess. They're
just like watching it, we had a cushion, me A: Yeah. here all day, every day.
and my dad, and I was just like what's gonna B: What's your sort of, your favourite type of M: Maybe next time - I'm not that good!
happen next? Um, have you seen it? film? What's the arch over there? It looks like the
A: No! I haven't I, I think I've seen bits of it, A: I don't like to feel uncomfortable so it's Arc de Triomphe in Paris.
like trailers and things but .. just comedy. W: Well it should, that's the Washington
B: OK, it's um . B: Watch Speed. Square arch. It was modelled on the Arc de
A: No, I knew she was in it. A: Mm mm OK. Triomphe and built in 1889 to celebrate the
B: Yeah, so basically, he, uh, there's a baddy hundredth anniversary of the inauguration
in it, as every action film it has a good of George Washington as president.
baddy, and he's got no thumb. I remember M: Could we sit down a second? I need a
that, that was like a memorable bit of it, he

-
break.
had no thumb. And so they sort of highjack W: Why don't we retrace our steps and go
this ... this bus. And it's set that it can only back to the Cafe Reggio?
drive at a certain speed - hence the name. M: Sounds good. I could really do with a
And so it's just basically driving through, coffee.
 AUDIO SCRIPTS

Conversation 2 M2: How many students are there at the T: The only thing that would concern me
Ml = Man l W = Woman M2 = Man 2 university in total? on that is that you mention youth, but I
Ml: To be honest, it depends. In term time, don't think that you're going to get as many
Ml: So, this is Radcliffe Square. you'd probably get upwards of 20,000. young people involved in a botanical garden.
W: Wow! Is this right in the centre then? M2: Many international students? I think if it was interactive then it would be
Ml: Pretty much. Ml: Some, but most are from the UK. We'll ... but just as a thing that was showing I'm,
M2: What's that? finish by cycling down this way to Christ I'm not so sure.
Ml: Hold on. Let's just get off our bikes Church. We can actually go inside if we're N: Well, I don't want to harp on about
Right, so that building in front of us is the quick. It's well worth a visit. costs again but we have to consider the
Bodleian, named after the founder - Thomas M2: Christ Church is another college? maintenance of this botanical garden. There
Bodley. Believe it or not, despite the fact Ml: Yeah, the biggest and probably the most are very high maintenance costs involved.
that it's circular, it's actually a library. famous. Have you seen any of the Harry 5: Oh, so, Nigel what, what would you prefer?
W: Cool! Potter films? N: Well, my vote would go to the theatre
Ml: Yeah, it gets a copy of every book M2: No ... workshop space for young people. And I
published in the UK. W: I have! know we said we don't want to discriminate
M2: Who can use it? Ml:Oh, well, you'll recognise the Great Hall. against any ... we don't want to leave out
Ml: Any student at the university. Of course, It's where they have the feasts in Hogwarts certain members of our society, but I think
each college also has its own library - you School. You know that bit when Harry ... we've got a problem in this town about kids
know the university's divided into colleges, getting bored, hanging around on street
right? corners, they need something to do and a
M2: Right. How many colleges are there? UNIT 10 ding8 theatre workshop space is going to get them
Ml: Just under forty. Well, thirty-eight to be ... it's going to give them a routine, it's going
exact.
S = Sarah T = nm N = Nigel to give them a motivation, and then when
W: So that means thirty-eight libraries?! 5: Right, well, we have our shortlist for the they do their shows, they're bringing along
new feature that we're going to put into the their grandparents, their parents, I feel it's
Ml: Mm but they're not all as big as the
town centre, which one gets your vote, Tim? very inclusive.
Bodleian. Anyway, we'll need to get back on
our bikes for the next bit. T: I'm really in favour of the - the T: Can you see the older generation wanting
state-of-the-art multiplex cinema. I think it, liking it?
that it would be most useful and beneficial N: I think the older generation want to be
Ml: Can you hear me if I talk as we cycle
for the community. I think it will be used sure that kids aren't hanging about the
along?
a great deal, I think it would bring jobs streets with nothing to do.
M2: Yeah.
to the area, and I think it would provide 5: And could that theatre workshop space be
W: OK, but don't go too fast. I'm not very
entertainment and activities for young used for other things as well?
steady on this thing!
people. N: Absolutely.
Ml: So, here's the famous Bridge of Sighs,
N: The only thing that would concern me 5: Could it be used for meetings, for other
connecting two sides of Hertford College.
though is that that's going to be very, very sections of society?
M2: I've seen the original.
expensive. N: ... Aerobics ... there's going to be a
Ml: What, of the bridge? In Italy, you mean? T: Um hm. sprung wooden floor so there'll be dance
M2: Ja, it's in Venice. Beautiful. classes, yoga, pilates, multi-purpose ...
5: I mean, I personally would prefer the
Ml:OK. We'll go past New College and then botanical garden.
onto the High Street. T:Oh.
M2: Is that New College there?
5: Because I think that that will satisfy the
Ml: Yep.
needs of many different age groups. I think
W: How 'new' is new? it would be very good for wheelchairs, for ...
Ml: Roughly 1370. for blind people, for people with disabilities,
W: You're kidding! there would be areas that would be excellent
Ml: No, really! Interestingly, the oldest for young people, and lots of learning
college was actually only founded a hundred opportunities in the education centre. And
or so years earlier! Uh-oh, watch out on this we know from past experience that the older
corner ... age group certainly enjoy gardens.
Ml: That's the 'Schools'. It's where the
students take their exams. Apparently, the
biggest room can seat somewhere in the
region of 500 students although I haven't
seen it myself. Anyway, we're turning right
here. The street's cobbled, so be careful.

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