Plus Two Chemistry Lab - Scheme For Salt Analysis

SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALTS
ANALYSIS OF ACID RADICALS (ANIONS)

No. Experiment Observation Inference
IDENTIFICATION TESTS
1. Test with dil. Hydrochloric acid (HCl): A colourless, odourless gas is Presence of carbonate (CO32-)
A little of the salt is added to dil. HCl taken evolved which turns lime water
in a test tube. milky.
[No characteristic reaction] [Absence of carbonate]
2. Test with dil. Sulphuric acid (H2SO4):
A little of the salt is rubbed with Dil. H2SO4 Smell of vinegar Presence of acetate (CH3COO-)
in a watch glass and the smell is noted.
3. Test with Conc. H2SO4: A colourless gas fuming in
A little of the salt is treated with conc. moist air is evolved. Dense
H2SO4 taken in a test tube. white fumes are formed when
a glass rod dipped in Presence of chloride (Cl-)
ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH)
is shown at the mouth of the
test tube.
4. Paper ball test: A little of the salt is heated Reddish brown vapours are
with Conc. H2SO4 and a paper ball is added evolved. Presence of nitrate (NO3-)
to it.
CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR ANIONS
1. Carbonate (CO32-): A little of the salt A white precipitate is formed
Presence of carbonate
solution is treated with BaCl2 solution. which is soluble in dil. HCl with
confirmed.
the evolution of CO2.
2. Acetate (CH3COO-): To a little of the salt
Presence of acetate
solution a few drops of neutral ferric A reddish brown colouration
confirmed.
chloride (FeCl3) is added.
3. Chloride (Cl-): A little of the salt solution is
A white precipitate readily Presence of chloride
acidified with dil. Nitric acid (HNO3) and
soluble in NH4OH is formed confirmed.
Silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution is added.
4. Nitrate (NO3-)[ Brown ring test]: To a little
of the salt solution freshly prepared
A brown ring is formed at the
Ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) solution is added Presence of nitrate confirmed.
junction of the two liquids.
and mixed well. A few drops of Conc. H2SO4
is added through the sides of the test tube.
ANALYSIS OF BASIC RADICALS (CATIONS)
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with No precipitate Presence of zero group cation
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. (NH4+).
2. To a little of the salt solution add dil. HCl Presence of Group I cation
White precipitate.
(Pb2+).
3. To a little of the salt solution add dil. HCl Presence of Group II cation
Black precipitate.
and then pass hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas. (Cu2+).
4. To a little of the salt solution add
Presence of Group III cation
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and White gelatinous precipitate
(Al3+).
ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions.
To a little of the salt solution add NH4Cl, Presence of Group VI cation
5. NH4OH and disodium hydrogen phosphate White crystalline precipitate. (Mg2+).
(Na2HPO4).
Scheme for Salt Analysis – Prepared by Anil Kumar K L, GHSS Ashtamudi Page 1
ANALYSIS OF ZERO GROUP (NH4+)
1. A little of the salt is boiled with sodium A colourless pungent smelling
hydroxide (NaOH) solution. gas is evolved. Dense white
fumes are formed when a glass Presence of ammonium (NH4+)
rod dipped in Conc. HCl is
shown into it.
2. To a little of the salt solution Nessler’s A reddish brown precipitate is Presence of ammonium
reagent is added. formed. confirmed.
ANALYSIS OF GROUP I (Pb2+)
1. To a little of the salt solution add A golden yellow precipitate is
potassium iodide (KI) solution. formed which is soluble in hot
Presence of lead (Pb2+)
water and crystallised as
golden spangles on cooling.
2. To a little of the salt solution add dil. Acetic
acid (CH3COOH) and potassium chromate Yellow precipitate is formed. Presence of lead confirmed.
(K2CrO4).
ANALYSIS OF GROUP III (Al3+)
1. A little of the salt solution is treated with A white gelatinous precipitate
Presence of Aluminium (Al3+)
NaOH solution. soluble in excess NaOH
2. Ash Test: A little of the salt is boiled with 1
mL each of Conc. HNO3 and cobalt nitrate Presence of aluminium
Blue ash
[Co(NO3)2] solution. A filter paper dipped in confirmed.
this solution is dried and burnt.
ANALYSIS OF GROUP VI (Mg2+)
1. To a little of the salt solution Magneson Lake blue ppt which is soluble Presence of Magnesium
reagent is added. in excess of NaOH to form deep (Mg2+)
blue solution.
2. Ash Test: A little of the salt is boiled with 1
Presence of Magnesium
mL each of Conc. HNO3 and cobalt nitrate
Pink ash (Mg2+) confirmed.
[Co(NO3)2] solution. A filter paper dipped in
this solution is dried and burnt..
Scheme for Salt Analysis – Prepared by Anil Kumar K L, GHSS Ashtamudi Page 2

Plus Two Chemistry Lab - Scheme For Salt Analysis

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Plus Two Chemistry Lab - Scheme For Salt Analysis

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Plus Two Chemistry Lab - Scheme For Salt Analysis

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALTS

ANALYSIS OF ACID RADICALS (ANIONS)

You might also like