Dependence of Angle of Deviation On Angle of Incide

NAME OF THE SCHOOL
PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
NAME:
CLASS: 12
ROLL NO:
SESSION:
1
BONA FIDE CERTIFICATE
It is hereby to certify that, the original and genuine investigation
work has been carried out to investigate about the subject matter
and the related data collection and investigation has been
completed solely, sincerely and satisfactorily done by
NAME of Class XII, NAME OF SCHOOL, regarding the
project titled, “REFRACTIVE INDICES OF VARIOUS
MEDIUMS”
Signature of the Guide Principal’s Signature
Submitted for ALL India SENIOR SECONDARY

EXAMINATION held on at NAME
OF SCHOOL.
Internal Examiner External Examiner
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of any task would be
incomplete without mentioning the names of those persons who
helped to make it possible. I take this opportunity to express my
gratitude in few words and respect to all those who helped me in
the completion of this project.
It is my humble pleasure to acknowledge my deep senses of
gratitude to my Physics teacher, Teacher name for her valuable
support, constant help and guidance at each and every stage,
without which this project would not have come forth.
I also register my sense of gratitude to our principal,
Mr.principal, for his immense encouragement that has made
this project successful.
I would also like to thank my friends and family for encouraging
me during the course of this project.
Last, but not the least, I would like to thank CBSE for giving us
the opportunity to undertake this project.
3
CONTENT
Aim
Apparatus Required
Theory
Procedure
Observations
Conclusions
Precaution
Bibliography
4
Aim
To find out the refractive indices of different liquids using a
hollow prism
Apparatus Required
➢Hollow glass prism
➢Various liquids like water, carbon disulphide, benzaldehyde
etc.
➢Bell pins
➢Drawing board
5
Theory
A prism is a
transparent
optical element
with flat,
polished
surfaces that
refract light.
Prisms can be
made from any
material that is
transparent including glass, plastic and fluorite. A prism can be
used to break light up into its constituent spectral colors. Prisms
can also be used to reflect light, or to split light into
components with different polarizations.
The refractive index of the liquid

Is given by the formula:
U=sini/sinr=sin((a+d)/2)/sin(a/2)
Where,
U=refractive index of the liquid.
a= the angle of minimum deviation
d=angle of prism
i=angle of incidence
r=angle of refraction
6
Pro
➢Fix a
ced white sheet of paper on the
ure drawing board with help of
drawing pins.
➢Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.
➢Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.
➢Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the normal

PQ and place 2 pins so that they appear to be in the straight
line.
➢Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid ,on

the marked outline ABC.
➢Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so that
all the 4 pins appear to be in same line.
➢Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points so
obtained.
➢Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.
➢Repeat this with different liquids and different angle of

incidence.
7
Observ
2.
ation Benzaldehyde
S.no a º(angle of i º (angle of d º (angle of
prism) incidence) deviation)
1 60 30 45
2 60 35 42
3 60 37.5 40
4 60 39 42
5 60 40 45
U=sin((60+40)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.504
3. Water
1 60 30 25
2 60 35 22
3 60 40 20
4 60 45 22
5 60 50 25
6 60 55 28
U=sin((60+22)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.306
8
4. Dil. Sulphuric Acid
1 60 20 33
2 60 30 30
3 60 35 25
4 60 40 29
5 60 45 30
U=sin((60+25)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.351
9
Conclusion
Refractive indices at room temperature:
• Benzaldehyde
• Actual: 1.546
• Experimental: 1.504
o
• Water
• Actual: 1.33
o
• Dil . Sulphuric acid
• Actual: 1.355
10
Precautions
• Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.
• Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same line.
• Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.
• Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.
• Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent

and incident ray.
11
BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.google.com
www.yahoo.com
www.wikipedia.org
https://www.youtube.com/ALLINVESTIGATORYPROJECTS
https://t.me/allinvestigatoryprojects
NCERT Class 12th physics Book
12
THE END
13
14

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NAME OF THE SCHOOL

Signature of the Guide Principal’s Signature

Submitted for ALL India SENIOR SECONDARY

Internal Examiner External Examiner

The refractive index of the liquid

➢Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.

➢Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.

➢Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the normal

➢Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid ,on

➢Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.

➢Repeat this with different liquids and different angle of

• Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same line.

• Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.

• Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.

• Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent

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