Basics of Energy and Environment

ESE 2024
UPSC ENGINEERING SERVICES EXAMINATION
Preliminary Examination
General Studies and

Engineering Aptitude
Basics of Energy and Environment
Comprehensive Theory with Practice Questions

and ESE Solved Questions
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ESE 2024 Preliminary Examination : Basics of Energy and Environment

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Preface
The compilation of this book Basics of Energy and
Environment was motivated by the desire to provide a
concise book which can benefit students to understand
the concepts of this specific topic of General Studies and
Engineering Aptitude section.
This textbook provides all the requirements of the
students, i.e. comprehensive coverage of theory,
fundamental concepts and objective type questions
articulated in a lucid language. The concise presentation will help the readers grasp the theory of
this subject with clarity and apply them with ease to solve objective questions quickly. This book
not only covers the syllabus of ESE in a holistic manner but is also useful for many other competitive
examinations. All the topics are given the emphasis they deserve so that mere reading of the book
clarifies all the concepts.
We have put in our sincere efforts to present detailed theory and MCQs without compromising the
accuracy of answers. For the interest of the readers, some notes, do you know and interesting
facts are given in the comprehensive manner. At the end of each chapter, sets of practice question
are given with their keys and detailed explanations, that will allow the readers to evaluate their
understanding of the topics and sharpen their question solving skills.
Our team has made their best efforts to remove all possible errors of any kind. Nonetheless, we would
highly appreciate and acknowledge if you find and share with us any printing and conceptual errors.
It is impossible to thank all the individuals who helped us, but we would like to sincerely thank all
the authors, editors and reviewers for putting in their efforts to publish this book.
With Best Wishes
B. Singh
CMD, MADE EASY Group
Basics of Energy and Environment Contents
Chapter 1 Chapter 3
Energy Resources : Conservation & Utilisation......1 Biodiversity & its Conservation......................... 94
3.1 Introduction........................................................... 94
1.1 Introduction..............................................................1
3.2 Terrestrial Vegetation in India.......................... 98
1.2 Types of Energy Resources..................................1
3.3 Wetlands.................................................................. 99
1.3 Renewable Energy Resources.............................2
3.4 Mangroves............................................................102
1.4 Solar Energy..............................................................4 3.5 Biodiversity Hotspots........................................104
1.5 Wind Energy..............................................................9 3.6 Biodiversity Regions in India..........................106
1.6 Tidal Energy............................................................ 11 3.7 Biodiversity Protected Areas..........................107
1.7 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversions (OTEC).13 3.8 Loss of Biodiversity............................................114
1.8 Wave Energy........................................................... 15 3.9 Conservation of Biodiversity..........................114
1.9 Geothermal Energy............................................. 17 Objective Brain Teasers......................................123
1.10 Biomass Energy..................................................... 21

1.11 Biofuels..................................................................... 30 Chapter 4
Environmental Degradation & Pollution........ 130
1.12 Fuel Cells.................................................................. 32
1.13 Hydro Energy......................................................... 34 4.1 Introduction.........................................................130
1.14 Other types of Energy Resources................... 37 4.2 Classifications of Pollution..............................130
1.15 Energy Conservation........................................... 41 4.3 Air Pollution..........................................................131
Objective Brain Teasers........................................ 46 4.4 Water Pollution....................................................140

4.5 Coral Bleaching...................................................147
Chapter 2 4.6 Environmental Degradation...........................149
Basics of Environment, Ecology & Ecosystem..... 53
4.7 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion.....................154
2.1 Introduction........................................................... 53
4.8 Hazardous Waste................................................157
2.2 Nature of Relationship between Man &
4.9 Environmental Laws for Controlling
Environment.......................................................... 53
Pollution in India................................................158
2.3 Biosphere................................................................ 54
Objective Brain Teasers......................................163
2.4 Ecosystem............................................................... 57
2.5 Ecology..................................................................... 72 Chapter 5
2.6 Biome........................................................................ 75 Global Warming & Climate Change................. 175
2.7 Conservation of Environment.......................... 76 5.1 Introduction.........................................................175
2.8 Events/International Days related to 5.2 Evidences of Climate Change........................176
Environment.......................................................... 79 5.3 Factors Causing Climate Change..................176
Objective Brain Teasers........................................ 81 5.4 Effects of Climate Change...............................178
(v)
5.5 Greenhouse Effect..............................................179 Chapter 7
5.6 Global Warming..................................................182 Sustainable Development & Habitat Norms..... 211
5.7 International Conventions/Policies on 7.1 Sustainable Development..............................212

7.2 Sustainable Habitat...........................................213
Climate Change..................................................183
7.3 Green Buildings...................................................213
5.8 National Action Plan on Climate Change....187
7.4 Assessment Tools and Rating Systems.......214
Objective Brain Teasers..................................... 191
7.5 Environmental Considerations......................215
7.6 Ecological Considerations...............................216
Chapter 6
7.7 Green Public Procurement (GPP)..................216
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)........ 198
6.1 Introduction.........................................................198
6.2 EIA Regulations...................................................199 Chapter 8

Disasters & their Management........................ 221
6.3 Steps in Environmental Impact Assessment
8.1 Introduction.........................................................221
Process...................................................................200
8.2 Classification of Disasters................................221
6.4 Roles of Parties in EIA Process .......................202
8.3 Disaster Management......................................229
6.5 Forms of Impact Assessment.........................203
6.6 Purposes of EIA...................................................204
nnnn
6.7 Benefits of EIA......................................................204
6.8 Limitations of EIA...............................................205
Objective Brain Teasers ..................................... 206
(vi)

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ESE 2024

General Studies and

Comprehensive Theory with Practice Questions

ESE 2024 Preliminary Examination : Basics of Energy and Environment

1st Edition : 2016

8th Edition: 2023

Environment was motivated by the desire to provide a

concise book which can benefit students to understand

the concepts of this specific topic of General Studies and

Engineering Aptitude section.

This textbook provides all the requirements of the

students, i.e. comprehensive coverage of theory,

fundamental concepts and objective type questions

clarifies all the concepts.

understanding of the topics and sharpen their question solving skills.

With Best Wishes

1.9 Geothermal Energy............................................. 17 Objective Brain Teasers......................................123

1.10 Biomass Energy..................................................... 21

1.14 Other types of Energy Resources................... 37 4.2 Classifications of Pollution..............................130

1.15 Energy Conservation........................................... 41 4.3 Air Pollution..........................................................131

Objective Brain Teasers........................................ 46 4.4 Water Pollution....................................................140

5.7 International Conventions/Policies on 7.1 Sustainable Development..............................212

6.2 EIA Regulations...................................................199 Chapter 8

6.8 Limitations of EIA...............................................205

Objective Brain Teasers ..................................... 206

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