Chan and Friends Group

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Exploring the perceptions of teachers on the quality and increase of food

prices in the school canteen of Davao City National High School.
A RESEARCH PAPER
Presented to the faculty of

DAVAO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
DAVAO CITY
In a partial fulfillment for the requirements in Grade 11

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
GRADE 11-SARDONYX
By:
Giovanne Chan
Aubrey Luces
Hugh Dwayne Autida
Redd Hans Quinco
Kesiah Luz Galido
Nikko Vergara
Rine Huxley Pantil
Rovic Andales
Shaina Joy Veneracion
Mr. Jeffer Dadula

Research Adviser
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ABSTRACT
"Exploring the Perceptions of Teachers on the Quality and Increase of
Food Prices in the School Canteen of Davao City National High School"
aimed to understand the insights of the educators to reflect a resolution to
their corresponding complaints regarding the food quality and management
performed in the school canteens. This study applied Phenomenology
research design with teachers to collect qualitative data; thus, it conducted
interviews and observations that gave a better vision of their views and sides.
The findings were presented in six themes, namely: "Complaint to the
Canteen", "Compliment of Goods Sold from the Outside of the Campus",
"Concern over the Inflation", "Recommendation for Health", "Suggestion for
Inflation", and "Factors that Teachers Recommend for Improving". The study
emphasized the teachers claims concerning the quality of food and prices
that affected teachers and students financial budgets; the service speed that
consumed the limited time; the surroundings that the canteen resided in;
the comparisons that were drawn between the items sold at the canteen and
outside the campus; the food options; the employed health measures; and
the perceived resolutions to implement for management development. These
implications of the research findings were reasoned to aid the canteens' lack
of overpriced products, appropriate packaging, and attracting consumers
with enthusiasm. This research recommends making amends with the
factors that the said management poorly performed in, which include their
service quality and proper methods in preparation of the product that help
consumers, prior to teachers and students, meet their nutritional needs and
wants. According to sentiments among participants, the projecting

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development must be thoroughly examined to foresee the overlooked
violations against nutritional growth that the canteen has committed,
however unconsciously.
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DEDICATION
In our pursuit of knowledge, we begin on a path that is frequently
difficult and fraught with difficulties. But it is only with the unwavering
support and inspiration of extraordinary people that we may endure and
accomplish greatness. This research paper honors the essential
contributions of those who have impacted our lives and shaped our
academic aspirations.
We dedicate this work to our families, whose love and encouragement
have been the cornerstone of our ambitions. Your unflinching faith in our
abilities has served as a beacon, pushing us to aim for the stars and never
settle for mediocrity. You have instilled in us a sense of purpose and
determination as a result of your sacrifices and continuous support.
We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to our friends who
have stood by our side through the highs and lows. Your friendship,
laughter, and constant presence have provided us with joy and balance. You
gave us the motivation to keep going when we were feeling down, reminding
us of the value of friendship and shared experiences.
We owe an incalculable debt of appreciation to our mentors and
advisors, whose knowledge and advice transformed us into the researchers
we are today. Your guidance, support, and constructive criticism have
shaped our minds and broadened our perspectives. Your faith in our abilities
has given us the confidence and inventiveness to solve complicated

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situations.
We express our heartfelt gratitude to the innumerable individuals who
have contributed in a variety of ways, whether through thought-provoking
talks, thorough editing, or lending a kind ear. Your large and small
contributions have been the gasoline that has powered us ahead at the most
difficult moments. Your belief in our talents has inspired us to go above and
beyond our own expectations.
This research report is an homage to all of you—the foundation of our
success and the essence of teamwork. Your unwavering support, sacrifices,
and faith in our abilities have all contributed to the success of this project.
We respectfully dedicate our research to each and every one of you as we
write these lines, expressing our heartfelt gratitude and eternal admiration.
You have made our aspirations a reality through your love, understanding,
and steadfast support.
May this dedication be a little gesture of our gratitude for the great
influence you have had on our lives.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our sincere appreciation to everyone who has
contributed to the successful completion of this research project. All thanks
and praise are due to God. We finally succeed in achieving our objective
despite all the obstacles in our way. We have already completed our
research,which makes us happy. Although it is challenging for us to finish,it
is worthwhile, and we learn a lot. We are delighted to extend our sincere
gratitude to everyone who gave their time and effort to our study
preparation. We appreciate Sir Jefferey Dadula's guidance in helping us
successfully prepare for this research. also for enabling us to finish our
work, particularly for supporting us through the tough times.
Furthermore, we would like to acknowledge and express our gratitude
to the members who have been instrumental in the completion of this
research. Their dedication and hard work have contributed significantly to
the overall success of the project. We extend our heartfelt thanks to all the
participants who willingly took part in our study, providing valuable insights
and data that formed the foundation of our research findings. Additionally,
we would like to recognize the contributions of our colleagues who assisted
us in various aspects of the research, including data analysis, literature
review, and manuscript editing. Their input and collaboration have been
invaluable, and we are deeply appreciative of their efforts. We are grateful to
each and every member of the research team for their unwavering
commitment and their contributions to this project. Their expertise, support,
and cooperation have been essential in achieving our objectives and

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overcoming the challenges we faced. Collectively, we acknowledge the
contributions of all those involved, as this research would not have been
possible without their collaboration and dedication.
Lastly, we would like to give thanks to the numerous individuals—the
educators that have participated enthusiastically—who have provided
assistance, resources, or encouragement in various forms. Their
contributions, however small, have collectively played a significant role in
the successful completion of this research project. We are grateful for the
support we have received from our teachers, members, and other individuals
who have helped us navigate through the intricacies of research, provided
access to relevant literature, or offered technical support.

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Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction...........................................................................................................................1
Background of the Study.................................................................................................................2
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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
A canteen is a place where food is to be served and eaten,
where different snack and drink products are sold. A school utilizes a
canteen to meet the food and nutritional needs of its students in order for
them to have the energy in to accomplish the task that they would do for the
day. (Norman Raotraot Galabo, 2019). Food consumption during adolescence
is crucial for growth and development, as well as for immediate and long-
term health effects that may also shape eating patterns for the rest of one's
life. behaviours. Compared to any other stage of the lifecycle, this one has
higher energy and food needs. The goal of these dietary upgrades is to
improve student health and lower the prevalence of childhood obesity
(Neumark-Sztainer D, 2002). The significance of the question of whether
students do better when they eat healthier meals is comparable. According
to recent studies, offering subsidized school lunches can considerably raise
test scores (Figlio and Winicki 2005; Dotter 2014; Imberman and Kugler
2014; Frisvold 2015).
Inflation is one of the major challenges and problems in economies
around the world, affecting both developing and developed countries in
diverse ways. Furthermore, inflation is the increase in the price of goods and
services over a period of time. Inflation reflects the devaluation of a country’s
currency, reducing the purchasing power of each unit of money. For this
reason, it is the loss of real value of the unit of exchange within the economy
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that means each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services as the price
level increases (Barro, Robert J., 1997). There are various means to
determine the inflation rate in a particular economy, but the conventional
gauges being used by many countries are the consumer price index (CPI),
which measures the price changes of elementary goods and services, and the
GDP deflator, which measures the price changes of goods and services
produced and rendered domestically. Lipsey R. G., and Chrystal K. A. (1995).
Inflation reduces the purchasing power of each income earner, consequently
leading to social and economic instability in an economy. Zou, H., Gong, L. &
Zeng, X. (2011).
School canteens play a significant role in setting an example for a
wholesome food environment. Pricing has a significant influence on what
people will eat and drink.The cost of healthier versus less healthy lunch and
snack options at Australian school canteens was compared in this study.An
unpaired t-test was used to compare the cost of the cheapest "healthy" lunch
(vegetable-based "green") and snack (fruit "green") item to the cheapest "less
healthy" lunch and snack item, respectively.With 75% of primary and 57% of
secondary schools, the "healthy" lunch options were less expensive than the
"less healthy" lunch options.Foods that are less healthful seem to be more
affordable in Australian school canteens overall. Healthy food rules for
school canteens should take into account the cost of the items offered.
(Billich N, Adderley M, Ford L, Keeton I, Palermo C, Peeters A, Woods J,
Backholer K, 2019)
Inflation also plays a significant role in the quality of food provided in

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school canteens. As food prices increase, schools may have difficulty
providing nutritious and varied options for students at an affordable price.
According to the World Food Programme (2020), inflation has led to a decline
in the quality and quantity of food available to schools, particularly in
developing countries. In order to address these issues, schools and
governments may need to invest in better infrastructure and equipment for
school canteens, as well as provide training and support for canteen staff.
Additionally, policies to address inflation and food price volatility may be
necessary to ensure that schools can continue to provide nutritious meals
for students.
According to a study conducted by Khan, Memon, and Azam (2019),
teachers play an essential role in monitoring school canteen food quality in
Hyderabad, Pakistan. The study found that teachers have a positive attitude
towards the quality of school canteen food and its impact on students'
health. However, the study also revealed that teachers have limited control
over the food quality provided by the canteen, which can affect their
confidence in promoting healthy eating habits among students.
Inflation can also affect the quality of food provided in school canteens.
As food prices increase, it becomes more challenging for schools to provide
healthy and nutritious meals to students. A study conducted by Okojie and
Ogbari (2020) found that inflation has a significant impact on the cost of
food production in school canteens, which affects the quality and quantity of
food provided to students. The study suggests that schools should explore
alternative sources of funding to provide healthy meals to students.
Furthermore, food quality in school canteens can also be affected by the

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overall food quality of the country. A study conducted by Son and Park
(2020) found that the quality of food provided in school canteens is closely
related to the overall food quality in the country. The study suggests that
efforts to improve the overall food quality in the country can lead to
improvements in the quality of food provided in school canteens.
Most of the already conducted studies regarding school canteens' were
either generalized or discussed in focused groups, i.e., the students rather
than the educators. Although, that teachers may be part of the list in
becoming school canteens' secondary consumers. These past studies were
quite opinionated among learners as their participants; thus, there are not
many research studies that consider the teachers assertive views on food
quality in school canteen management. Moreover, the relation between
inflation rates and school canteen items was left untold, if ever so, just
slightly.
Inflation rates are tackled in the context of purchasing power,
economic impact on business grounds, and the crucial context of financial
literacy within individuals. These lackings are to be answered by this
research study: to give an overall report with perceived thoughts based on
the responses of our respective participants, the teachers, rather than just a
little preview of their perceptions about the topic.
According to a study conducted by Malicdem and Villegas (2016),
teachers in the Philippines have expressed concern over the quality of food
being served in school canteens. The study found that 70% of the surveyed
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teachers believed that the food served in school canteens was of poor quality,
while 90% believed that the prices were too high.
One possible factor contributing to the poor quality and high prices of
school canteen food is inflation. Inflation is defined as the rate at which the
general level of prices for goods and services is rising and, in the Philippines,
it has been a persistent problem in recent years (World Bank, 2022).
As the cost of goods and services increases, school canteen operators
may have to pass on these higher costs to consumers, resulting in higher
prices for food. This, in turn, can impact the quality of the food being served
as operators may look for ways to cut costs, such as using cheaper
ingredients or reducing portion sizes.
In order to address these issues, the Department of Education in the
Philippines has implemented guidelines for school canteens, including
requirements for the provision of healthy and affordable food options
(Department of Education, 2017). However, it remains to be seen whether
these guidelines will be effectively implemented and enforced, and whether
they will lead to improvements in the quality and affordability of school
canteen food.
According to a study conducted by Cuaresma and Atienza (2019),
teachers in Davao City expressed concerns regarding the quality of food
being served in school canteens. The study involved 224 elementary and
secondary school teachers who were asked to rate the quality of food being
served in their school canteens. The results showed that 80.8% of the
teachers rated the food as "fair" or "poor" in terms of quality.

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In addition, the study found that inflation had a significant impact on
the quality of food being served in school canteens. The rising cost of food
and ingredients had forced some canteen operators to cut corners and use
lower quality ingredients in order to maintain their profit margins.
These findings are supported by a previous study conducted by
Saberon-Abalayan (2018) which found that the cost of food had a significant
impact on the quality of food being served in school canteens. The study
suggested that in order to improve the quality of food in school canteens,
there needs to be greater regulation and monitoring of canteen operations,
as well as efforts to increase the availability of nutritious and affordable
ingredients.
Overall, the findings suggest that there is a need for greater attention
to be paid to the quality of food being served in school canteens in Davao
City. This is particularly important given the important role that school
meals play in promoting the health and well-being of students.
Research Questions
The three primary questions that make up the research topic in this
study each have five or seven sub-topics. Every question has a specific
purpose, which can assist researchers in getting the data needed from
participants.
Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:
1. How do teachers perceive the quality of food served in the canteen,
and how does this perception change when food price increases? (Paano
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nakikita ng mga guro ang kalidad ng pagkaing inihahain sa canteen, at
paano nagbabago ang pananaw na ito kapag tumaas ang presyo ng
pagkain?)
1.1 Describe the price of food in the canteen compare to similar food
items sold outside the school premises? ( Ilarawan ang presyo ng pagkain sa
canteen kumpara sa mga katulad na pagkain na ibinebenta sa labas ng
lugar ng paaralan)
1.2 What impact does price increase have on the price of canteen
products?(Ano ang epekto ng pagtaas ng presyo sa presyo ng mga
produktong canteen?)
1.3 How has inflation affected the price of school canteen goods over
time?(Paano nakaapekto ang inflation sa presyo ng mga bilihin sa kantina
ng paaralan sa paglipas ng panahon)
1.4 What is the teachers perception/s of the quality of food in the
school canteen? (Ano ang pananaw ng mga guro sa kalidad ng pagkain sa
kantina ng paaralan?)
1.5 What are the specific canteen products that are more affected by
increasing prices than others?(Ano ang mga partikular na produkto ng
canteen na mas apektado ng pagtaas ng presyo kaysa sa iba?)
2. What are the most important factors that teachers consider when
making decisions about purchasing food in school canteens of DCNHS?
2.1 What role does the price of food play in the teacher's decision-
making process?(Ano ang papel na ginagampanan ng presyo ng pagkain sa
proseso ng paggawa ng desisyon ng guro?)

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2.2 How important is the quality of food when deciding whether to
purchase food from the canteen?(Gaano kahalaga ang kalidad ng pagkain
kapag nagpapasya kung bibili ng pagkain sa canteen?)
2.3 Are you influenced by the variety of food options available in the
canteen?(Naiimpluwensyahan ka ba ng iba't ibang pagpipiliang pagkain na
makukuha sa canteen? Bakit?)
2.4 How important is the nutritional value of the food when making
purchasing decisions in the canteen?(Gaano kahalaga ang nutritional value
ng pagkain kapag gumagawa ng mga desisyon sa pagbili sa canteen?)
2.5 How important is speed of service in purchasing food in the school
canteen?(Gaano kahalaga ang bilis ng serbisyo sa pagbili ng pagkain sa
kantina ng paaralan?)
2.6 How do you consider the cleanliness and hygiene of the canteen
when making purchasing decisions?(Paano mo isinasaalang-alang ang
kalinisan at kalinisan ng canteen kapag gumagawa ng mga desisyon sa
pagbili?)
2.7 How does location, convenience, and ambiance affect your
decision-making when purchasing food from the canteen?(Paano
nakakaapekto ang lokasyon, kaginhawahan, at ambiance sa iyong
pagdedesisyon kapag bumibili ng pagkain sa canteen?)
3. What recommendation do teachers have for improving the quality
and affordability of the food in the school canteen of Davao City National
High School.(Ano ang rekomendasyon ng mga guro para sa pagpapabuti ng
kalidad at affordability ng pagkain sa school canteen ng Davao City National

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High School.)
3.1 How can the cleanliness of the school canteen be improved?(Paano
mapapabuti ang kalinisan ng kantina ng paaralan?)
3.2 Are the prices of the food in the school canteen reasonable? If not,
what changes could be made to make them more affordable for students?
(Makatuwiran ba ang mga presyo ng pagkain sa kantina ng paaralan? Kung
hindi, anong mga pagbabago ang maaaring gawin upang gawing mas abot-
kaya ang mga ito para sa mga mag-aaral?)
3.3 What changes could be made to the location of the school canteen
to make it more accessible to students?(Anong mga pagbabago ang maaaring
gawin sa lokasyon ng kantina ng paaralan upang maging mas madaling
mapuntahan ng mga guro?)
3.4 How can the quality of the food in the school canteen be improved?
(Paano mapapabuti ang kalidad ng pagkain sa kantina ng paaralan?)
3.5 What specific types of food should be offered in the school canteen
to cater to a wider range of students' preferences?(Anong mga partikular na
uri ng pagkain ang dapat ihandog sa kantina ng paaralan upang matugunan
ang mas malawak na hanay ng mga kagustuhan ng mga mag-aaral?)
3.6 How can feedback from other teachers about the school canteen be
gathered and incorporated into improvement plans?(Paano makakalap at
maisasama sa mga plano sa pagpapahusay ang feedback mula sa ibang mga
guro tungkol sa kantina ng paaralan?)
Objectives of the Study
The objective of the study is to help teachers, but not only teachers. It
helps all individuals around the school manage their money based on the
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quality of food and its prices in the school canteen. Additionally, this aids all
individuals in guiding their finances by indicating which products quality
and prices make them worth purchasing.
Significance of the Study
Conducting the study of food quality and inflation is a great help to the
economy and community. Based on their opinions, this can aid the
researcher in gaining more knowledge and insight to dig deeper into this
study. And this is widely helpful to those individuals in being more
perceptive and mindful of their financial literacy. The study focused on the
school canteen, and the following is the list of individuals who can benefit
from the study:
Student. This individual can benefit from and use this guide to help
them choose the goods and have a more wise mindset when choosing the
goods based on their quality and prices.
Teacher- This may inspire teachers to provide feedback to administration
and school canteen managers in order to improve services such as cheap
prices, nutritional foods, facilities, cleanliness, and sanitation.
Parent. This targeted audience can benefit from and use this guide to
help them choose the goods for their children and have a more wise mindset
when choosing the goods based on their quality and prices.
Future Researcher. This individual can benefit from our study by
using it as a guide to conduct their own study.
Canteen Workers/Managers. This may provide the data required for
canteen management to identify priority areas for improving canteen services

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in order to better serve its clients, the students..
Principal. The findings may serve as a foundation for policy
development and the enhancement of the cafeteria services given to DCNHS
students. This may aid school principals in providing assistance in the
provision of canteen facilities as part of the school improvement plan.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
The purpose of this research is to learn about teachers' perceptions of
school canteen food quality and pricing. The researcher wanted to conduct
the study in Davao City National High School, and the targeted participants
are the teachers inside the campus. This is to identify them based on their
perspective towards the quality and price of the goods. The researcher
wanted to conduct interviews as their method to gather data and
information. As it is to be said that the teachers would be the participants of
the study, moreover, the researcher chooses the senior high school teachers
as their participants, and for further information, the researcher would not
go further into anything that is not related to or connected to the study.
Definition of terms
This part presents the terminologies that will be utilized in the study
which are the following:
Nutritional. An organism uses food to support its life through
nutrition, a biochemical and physiological process. To produce energy and
chemical structures, organisms can digest the nutrients it gives them.

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Adolescence. The period of life from the age of 10 to 19 is known as
adolescence. It is a distinct period in the development of the human being
and a crucial one for building the groundwork for long-term health.
Teenagers grow quickly in terms of their bodies, minds, and social skills.
Lifecycle. A life stage or lifecycle is a transitional period between two
or more age-graded states or roles, such as childhood, adolescence, or old
age. Last but not least, the life trajectory is made up of a series of roles and
experiences that occur during a person's lifespan and are marked by
changes in status or phases of life.
Dietary. someone going on a diet.
Prevalence. Prevalence is the total number of people in a population
who are afflicted with a disease or a health condition at a particular time; it
is typically given as a percentage of the population.
Obesity. Obesity and overweight are both characterized by an
unhealthy or excessive fat buildup that puts one's health at risk. Being
overweight is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 25, and obesity is a BMI
greater than 30.
Purchasing Power. The number of products or services that a certain
sum of money may purchase at any given time is referred to as purchasing
power.
Inflation. In the field of economics, inflation refers to an increase in
the overall cost of goods and services in a country. Each unit of currency
may purchase fewer products and services as the general price level rises;
hence inflation is associated with a decline in the purchasing power of
money.
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Infrastructure. Infrastructure is referred to as the fundamental
physical framework of an organization, region, or country. It frequently
pertains to the creation of public goods or industrial activities.
Chapter 2
REVIEW RELATED OF LITERATURE AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

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This section describes the existing status of this study. It provides
insights into the veracity of the problem which the researcher chooses as the
research focus. Specifically, it presents concepts, notions, relevant studies
regarding school canteen food quality and prices.
School Canteen
Eating delicious and healthy food is important because it gives us
energy to complete necessary tasks. As students, we wonder if the food we
brought to the canteen is healthy and favorable to us. Ask ourselves if it is
necessary to purchase those goods or if they have benefits for us.
According to Galabo, 2019, cited by Azni, I. N., Giyatmi, G., & Amelia,
J. R. (2019), Food and beverages are sold in canteens. Each canteen has a
duty to offer customers high-quality food, appropriate service, and adequate
cleanliness practices.
According to Sharma et al., (2019), cited by Matela, Hema & Nair,
Akhila & Sharma, Purva & Yadav, Surabhi & Menon, Kavitha (2022), The
choices and consumption of food during school hours are influenced by the
accessibility, cost, and availability of nutritious meals in and around the
schools (i.e., the food environment). According to a study of Indian studies
on school canteen foods and practices, there are few options for healthy food
in the canteens while harmful food is widely available.
According to Maillot M, Darmon N, Darmon M et al. (2007), cited by
Dubois, Christophe & Tharrey, Marion & Darmon, Nicole (2017), The
cheapest sources of energy are frequently those that are dense but low in
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nutrients. Making nutrient-optimal decisions that prioritize affordable
nutrient-rich foods will help you eat healthily while keeping your expenses
down.
According to Bielemann, Motta, Minten, Horta, & Gigante,
2015; Eicher-Miller, Fulgoni, & Keast, 2015; Louzada et al., 2015, cited by
Bleiweiss-Sande R, Goldberg J, Evans EW, Chui K, Sacheck J. (2019),
Systems for classifying foods based on their level of industrial processing
and intended use have recently been developed as a tool to measure the
connection between eating processed foods and health effects. There are
several systems for classifying foods, each with its own criteria and
terminology. Eicher-Miller, Fulgoni, & Keast, (2012); Moubarac, Parra,
Cannon, & Monteiro, 2014; Poti et al., (2015).
According to Haya Wijayantiarni, F. ., & Roostika, R. (2022), stated
that perceived value has to do with how well consumers can comprehend
and interpret price information. A consumer's evaluation of price perception
is based on a comparison between the price paid and the value received from
a good or service. (Fakhrudin, 2019). According to Kwun (2011), states that
the perception of food quality as a feature of a good or service that can
satisfy customer wants and the perception of food quality play a significant
impact in consumer purchase decisions, but as food quality rises, so do
buying decisions.
According to (Beldona & Kwansa, 2008), many elements, including
taste, quality, menu variety, unique flavor, cleanliness, and innovation, have
an impact on the quality of food.

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Customer Loyalty
According to Ha and Jang (2010), cited by Ramaraj, Kannan (2017),
Customer satisfaction is a basic marker of an organization's past, current,
and future execution and, along these lines, has for some time been a basic
concentration among showcase professionals and researchers. In displaying
satisfaction, two general conceptualizations of satisfaction exist in writing:
particular satisfaction and aggregate satisfaction.
According to Guram et al. (2007), cited by Ramaraj, Kannan (2017)
stated that customer satisfaction from an excellent dining experience can
lead to repeat purchases and increased revenue. However, failing to fulfill
customer expectations and creating dissatisfaction can result in customer
loss and negative word-of-mouth. Research has focused on identifying
factors that can improve customer satisfaction in order to improve customer
relations. Gupta et al. (2007) and Han & Ryu (2009) have provided valuable
insights into this topic.
According to Hanaysha (2016), cited by Wicaksana, I & Septevany,
Elvira & Winia, I & Suci Murni, Ni Gusti (2021), superior food quality is a
key marketing tool that can be used to satisfy and retain customers and can
ensure a positive buying experience.
Price is an important factor in customer satisfaction, according to
Wantara & Tambrin (2019) and Montolalu (2013). Previous research has
shown that the quality and price of a product can have a significant effect on
customer satisfaction.
Razak et al. (2016) also found that customers will feel satisfied if the
price of the food purchased is in accordance with the quality.

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Labay (2015) suggests that customer satisfaction is essential for
economic growth. The service of the canteen should be assessed by
measuring customer satisfaction, identifying service problems, and
proposing a plan of action to address them. This will enable customers to
enjoy nutritious and healthy food at affordable prices, as well as a variety of
foods and dishes.
Visitor satisfaction is essential for business management, as it has a
significant beneficial impact on the organization. The presence of recurrent
purchases by customers is the most visible beneficial effect, so management
must pay attention to customer happiness, which can be monitored using
surveys. The findings of this poll back up the findings of Nguyen and Gizaw
(2015), who found that visitor pleasure influences customer repurchase
decisions.
Service Quality
According to Chang et al. (2017), customer satisfaction is expected to
result from good service efficiency, which will improve customer engagement
and interrelationships.
The importance of service quality does not merely demonstrate itself
through customer loss, but doing it correctly will bring substantial benefits,
such as reducing operating costs, narrowing buying barriers, and boosting
sales (Sherman, 2019).
It involves the overall excellence of services (Omar, Ariffin, & Ahmad,
2016), which is a strong predictor of customer satisfaction and customer
retention (Ahmed, Kura, Umrani, & Pahi, 2019).

26
Service quality management encompasses several different procedures,
consisting of a maintenance and monitoring system for long-term goals in
regards to services offered to customers to track developments and measure
its efficiency (Veyrat, 2016).
Empathy is the most vital facet of service quality because it involves
caring for and offering individualized attention to the customers (Ahmad et
al., 2017).
Environment
As determined by Needle (2015), business environment refers to the
external and internal factors that influence a business's operations and its
ability to succeed.
According to Worthington and Britton (2016), the business
environment is the context in which a business operates, encompassing a
wide range of factors that influence its decisions, activities, and
performance.
According to Aswathappa K. (2017), the business environment is the
aggregate of all conditions, events, and influences that surround and affect a
business, including economic, political, social, cultural, technological, and
ecological factors.
According to Grant (2016), the business environment is the set of
external conditions and forces that influence the firm's performance and its
ability to compete.
Also, according to Hill, Schilling, and Jones (2017), the business
environment is the combination of external factors that affect the firm's

27
strategy and performance.
Additionally, according to Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson (2017), the
business environment is the set of external conditions and forces that have
the potential to influence the organization.
Furthermore, according to Deloitte Insights (2021), the business
environment encompasses the global economic, political, social, and
technological forces that shape the opportunities and challenges facing
organizations.
Moreover, according to Porter (2015), the business environment is the
combination of external conditions and internal resources and capabilities
that create a unique configuration for each firm.
Customer Satisfaction
As stated by Diputra & Yasa (2021), satisfaction lies in the quality of
the company's products; the level of satisfaction that product quality
produces is directly related to that level of customer satisfaction. Product
quality plays a role in greatly determining the desires of these consumers, so
with good product quality, customer satisfaction will be achieved.
Furthermore, in accordance with Ryu and Han (2009), cited by Haya
Wijayantiarni, F. ., & Roostika, R. (2022) satisfaction is a feeling of pleasure
or disappointment that arises as a result of comparing the expected product
results with the resulting performance. When performance exceeds
expectations, consumers will be very happy and satisfied.
"The Effect of Customer Satisfaction on Employee Satisfaction and
Turnover Intentions: Evidence from the Hospitality Industry": This research

28
paper examines the impact of customer satisfaction on employee satisfaction
and turnover intentions in the hospitality industry. The study found that
higher levels of customer satisfaction lead to increased employee satisfaction
and reduced turnover intentions. Han, H., & Hyun, S. S. (2015)
According to Thi My Hanh Le & Van Ky Long Nguyen (2023) in their
study that draws contradiction to other conducted research, the findings
revealed that food quality is not a significant influence on customer
satisfaction but service quality, price and physical environment have positive
impacts.
Kim, Hyunju, and Bachman (2019) found out that uncleanliness of the
environment, taste, and quality of food were ranked lower. And it has a
significant impact on customer satisfaction.
Price
According to Ahmed et al. (2020), price fairness is positively associated
with customer retention, which suggests that customers who perceive prices
as fair are more likely to return to the restaurant.
As stated by Matela et al. (2022), the study also found that the prices
of healthier food options were significantly higher compared to unhealthy
options, making it difficult for students from lower socio-economic
backgrounds to afford healthier food choices.
The study conducted by Revoredo-Giha, Akaichi, and Chalmers (2019)
investigates whether changes in food prices lead to alterations in food quality
and nutritional content. Using a theoretical model and empirical analysis,
the researchers find that food price changes do indeed impact food quality
29
and nutritional content, as producers may alter their production methods to
maintain profitability.
According to Revoredo-Giha et al. (2019), one sentence related to
prices from the study is: Changes in food prices can incentivize producers to
alter their production methods, potentially leading to changes in food quality
and nutritional content.
The article "Analysis of Food Quality and Price in Increasing Customer
Satisfaction at Anantara Uluwatu Bali Resort" conducted a study to analyze
the correlation between food quality and price towards customer satisfaction
in Anantara Uluwatu Bali Resort. The study found that there was a positive
correlation between food quality and customer satisfaction, while price had a
negative correlation towards customer satisfaction (Wicaksana et al., 2021).
In other words, According to Wicaksana, I., Septevany, E., Winia, I., &
Suci Murni, N. G. (2021), while high-quality food can lead to increased
customer satisfaction, higher prices can have the opposite effect. This
finding highlights the importance of considering both quality and price when
developing pricing strategies for food and beverage businesses.
Mizdrak, A., Scarborough, P., Waterlander, W. E., & Rayner, M. (2015)
explained that those with low incomes experience a larger proportional
increase in the price of foods than those with higher incomes. Because of
rapid increases in the prices of goods, it is hard for low-income people to
overcome this situation.
Food Quality
Ensuring food quality in school canteens is crucial for promoting

30
children's physical and mental health, providing them with nutritious and
safe meals that support their growth and development, improving their
academic performance and concentration, and instilling healthy eating
habits that will benefit them for their whole life.
In their study, Ahmed et al. (2020) explore the significance of food
quality, pricing equity, and client retention in controlling service quality.
They stress the importance of food quality in ensuring consumer satisfaction
and retaining patronage. The authors contend that in order to properly
manage service quality, a comprehensive strategy is required, one that takes
into account not only food quality but also other elements like price fairness
and customer service. For the most part, Ahmed et al. (2020) stress the
importance of food quality, among other criteria, in controlling service
quality and maintaining clients.
Revoredo-Giha et al. (2019) investigate whether variations in food costs
have an impact on food quality and, in turn, nutritional outcomes. According
to the authors, price fluctuations can encourage farmers and producers to
change their methods of production, which may have an impact on the
nutrient content of food. They contend that initiatives to improve food quality
may benefit nutrition.
In order to compare the food quality in Malaysian primary and
secondary school canteens, the authors conducted a study. Overall, they
discovered that the cuisine was of poor quality, with the majority of the
menu items being unhealthy. However, compared to secondary schools, the
food quality was a little bit better in primary schools. To encourage students
31
to adopt healthy eating habits, the authors argue that school canteens need
stronger food policies and restrictions. (Foo & Tan, 2021)
In an assessment of South Asian school canteen food's nutritional
value, Sharma, Yadav, and Menon (2019) conducted. The authors examined
the quality of food served in school canteens across a number of South Asian
nations and discovered that many of the choices were of low nutritional
value. In order to improve the general health of students, they recommend
that schools put a priority on providing healthier options.
A study on how Italian consumers perceive food quality was done by
Mascarello et al. (2015). The significance of taste, freshness, and provenance
in defining food quality was discovered through an analysis of the elements
that affect consumer food selections.
According to a study by Mahyar Yousefi conducted in 2021, consumer
confidence in the safety and quality of the goods they purchase and eat may
be a major factor in the growth of production organizations of this type and,
by extension, the growth of the economy as a whole.
According to author Reid et al. (2017), there is a need to improve
school food quality because it has an impact on students' health and
academic performance. According to the study, in order to improve students'
nutrition, schools should serve more fruits and vegetables, provide clear food
labels, and involve parents in school food reform programs.
Theoritical Framework
Zeithaml's (1988) paper provides an in-depth examination of the

32
studies on customer perceptions of price, quality, and value. The author
synthesizes past research findings and provides a means-end model to
explain how consumers make purchase decisions. According to the
paradigm, customers evaluate items based on features (such as price and
quality), which are linked to outcomes (such as satisfaction and
performance), and ultimately to personal values (such as self-esteem and
social recognition). The essay also emphasizes the significance of perceived
value in customer decision-making, which is an overall evaluation of the
advantages gained in relation to the expenditures incurred. The author
concludes that understanding consumers' perceptions of price, quality, and
value is essential for marketers to develop effective pricing and positioning
strategies that meet customers' needs and expectations.
Consumers' Perceptions of Price, Quality, and Value
eithaml's (1988) framework presents a means-end model to explain how

33
customers make product-purchase decisions. According to the framework,
customers evaluate items based on features (such as price and quality),
which are linked to outcomes (such as satisfaction and performance), and
ultimately to personal values (such as self-esteem and social recognition).
In addition, the model emphasizes the significance of perceived value
in consumer decision-making. The overall appraisal of the advantages gained
in relation to the costs incurred is known as perceived value. Consumers are
more likely to buy things that they believe have a high perceived value, even
if they are not the cheapest choice available.
The model highlights that consumers want emotional and social
benefits from products that coincide with their personal beliefs, in addition
to utilitarian benefits. Marketers may build goods and marketing messages
that engage with consumers and generate sales by understanding the
fundamental elements that influence consumer decision-making.
Overall, the framework is a useful tool for understanding how
customers perceive price, quality, and value, and how this influences their
purchasing decisions. Using this framework, marketers may create effective
pricing and positioning strategies that satisfy the requirements and
expectations of their customers.

34
Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter reveals the methods of research to be employed by the
researcher in conducting the study which includes the research design,
population of the study, research instrument and its development
establishing its validity and reliability, data gathering procedures, and the
appropriate statistical treatment of data.
Method Used
A case study design was utilized to conduct the research and get the
answers of participants who were focused on the study. The researcher
attempted to get the answers to the aforementioned problem and to justify
and satisfy the objectives of the study. Likewise, it also attempted to know
the different impacts of their lifestyle.
According to Shona McCombes (2019), a case study is a detailed study
of a specific subject, such as a person, group, place, event, organization, or
phenomenon. Furthermore, the researcher used this study as their design
because it helped them to specify the subject of the research and stay more
focused on it by asking the problem and comparing it to another to make
significant information that helped the research be more knowledgeable in
their study.
Qualitative research is generally more explorative, a type of research
that is dependent on the collection of verbal, behavioral or observational
data that can be interpreted in a subjective manner.

35
Sources of Data
The participants of the study would be the teacher, as stated in the
title. Teachers also have a vast experience with food quality and prices in the
school canteen. And it is suitable to conduct research on them because not
many articles have covered them yet. The researcher chose Davao City
National High School as the locale for the interview and the senior high
school teacher as specified. There is no required age as long as they are the
teacher of the campus.
To gather information about the school canteen's food quality,
inflation, and impact on teachers and other consumers, various participants
will be involved. Teachers at DCNHS will be interviewed about their
experiences, including the quality of food, hygiene, prices, and presentation.
Teachers will participate in a focus group to discuss their observations and
experiences with canteen meals, including their impact on students'
behavior and academic performance. Teachers will be interviewed to provide
information about their approach to menu planning, food safety, and
hygiene.
The participants under investigation are those individuals that the
researchers selected for the study. Each individual has contributed to the
research, and the researcher is accountable for them. This duty entails
obligations and regard for the respondents' responses, as well as the
obligation to protect the respondents' privacy if necessary.
The research will provide a set of criteria for the selection of
participants through the following:

36
Inclusion Criteria:
*DCNHS teachers are the group required to participate in the study.
Exclusion Criteria:
*Teachers who are not from DCNHS are not required to be in the study.
Withdrawal Criteria:
*If the teacher does not want to participate in the study and has a valid
reason.
If the teacher just do not want to participate.
This shows that DCNHS teachers are accepted to participate in the
study. Teachers not from DCNHS are neglected. Teachers are able to oppose
the invitation to be participants in the study.
Data Gathering Instrument
Since the study is qualitative, the researcher's method of choice for
gathering data and information on the subject was an interview. In addition,
interviews with participants would be beneficial and helpful in gaining an
understanding of the study as long as they provided honest and polite
responses to the questions given.
In order to conduct this interview, the researcher will create questions
for an interview; these questions are relevant to the title, which is Teacher’s
Views on School Canteen Food Quality and Inflation. The open-ended

37
questions aim to gather the perceptions and experiences of teachers
regarding the food quality in the school canteen and the impact of inflation
on food prices in order to express honest feedback and apprise the audience
of the real purpose of the question. The interview may include questions
related to the taste, freshness, nutritional value, variety, and hygiene of the
food offered in the canteen, as well as the availability of healthy food options.
Additionally, it entails asking questions in person and assessing the
teacher's generated information for use in research. The findings may help
identify areas for improvement in the canteen services and inform policies to
support teachers in accessing healthy and affordable food options at school.
Procedure of the Study
After establishing the validity and reliability of how to gather data,
formulating questions appropriate for the study, and making all necessary
modifications to the chosen respondent, the researcher asks them if they
want to become part of the research. If the participant agrees, the next step
is for the researcher to ask them what their available time is. By asking
when their free times are, it helps them answer the question properly and in
a way that is understandable for the researcher. The next step is choosing
the right location to conduct the interview. By choosing the place to conduct
the study, it helps the participant answer the question without exposing her
or his confidential information. And Lastly, by asking the question that she
or he is most comfortable with, the researcher does not intend to personalize
the question because it could lead to misunderstanding of both individuals,
and participants are qualified to ignore the question if they feel offended.
38
Data Treatment
Thematic Analysis is central to credible qualitative research. One
method of analyzing qualitative data is through thematic analysis which is
the process of identifying patterns or themes within qualitative data.
The process of doing a thematic analysis often comprises numerous
steps, such as becoming familiar with the data, coding it, developing themes,
iterating on those topics, and reporting the results. Reading the data and
getting acquainted with it constitute the first step. The second step is to code
the data, which entails locating crucial words or phrases that stand in for
crucial concepts or ideas in the data. The third stage involves creating
themes by putting codes in groups based on how similar they are to one
another. Themes are reviewed and refined in the fourth stage by looking at
how they relate to codes, and the findings are presented in the fifth stage by
presenting the themes and the supporting data.
In our study, thematic analysis will be utilized in categorizing the
responses of the participants and categorizing them to form themes.
Ethical Considerations
The study will adhere to ethical considerations, and specifically, it
must confirm that the rights of the subjects have been taken into account
when collecting data from respondents. The rights of the participant will be
39
preserved and respected as a result. Despite the fact that moral concerns are
important across the board.
Informed consent. Before collecting data, researchers should acquire
informed consent from subjects. This means that participants should be
fully informed about the study's goal, methodology, potential risks or
benefits, and their right to decline or withdraw at any time. Participants
should be provided a copy of the permission form for their records after
providing written informed consent.
Confidentiality and anonymity. To the greatest extent possible,
researchers should keep participants' identities and personal information
secure and anonymous. This means that data should be securely stored and
accessed only by authorized persons. Researchers should also take
precautions to ensure that participants' identities cannot be deduced from
the data, such as deleting identifying information or employing pseudonyms.
Respect for participants. Researchers should treat participants with
dignity and respect, and refrain from doing or saying anything that could
damage or offend them. Avoiding discrimination or bias based on race,
ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion, or any other personal attribute
is part of this. Researchers should also be aware of cultural differences and
conduct their research in a way that is appropriate for the participants.
Risk assessment. Researchers should undertake a risk assessment to
identify potential risks to participants and then take efforts to reduce or
eliminate those risks. This includes safeguarding participants' physical and
mental safety, as well as their privacy and confidentiality. Researchers
should also be prepared to offer participants help and resources if they

40
experience any negative impacts as a result of taking part in the study.
Debriefing. After the study is done, researchers should provide
participants the option to debrief. This includes informing them about the
study's objective, outcomes, and any other pertinent information.
Researchers should also be available to participants to answer any questions
or concerns they may have.

41
Chapter 4
Results and Discussion
This chapter discusses the results of the conducted interview.
Exploring the perceptions of teachers on the quality and increase of food
prices in the school canteen of Davao City National High School are stated in
this chapter.
Study's initial goal is to compile information from a variety of teachers
who have used the canteen to buy goods. Three (3) questions were posed to
obtain the necessary data. Furthermore, each question has 5-6-7 (five, six,
seven) sub-question. Participants' responses were recorded. The information
was then carefully read and double-checked in order to ensure the accuracy
and competency of the information and to collect only the crucial
information that was required. They took close note of any significant
statements.
Relisting the recorded audio from the interviews was done to ensure
that all the data were gathered in order to avoid inadequacy. Highlighted
statements that are pertinent and important. The study's arguments were
supported by the major claims that had been found.

42
Factors that teachers

consider when making
decisions about
purchasing food.
Teacher 1
Teacher 1
[SQ1] Teacher 1
[SQ1]
[SQ2] [SQ1]
[SQ2]
[SQ3] [SQ2]
[SQ3]
[SQ4] [SQ3]
[SQ4]
[SQ5] [SQ4]
[SQ5]
[SQ5]
Teacher 2
Teacher 2 [SQ1] Suggestion for Inflation Teacher 1
[SQ1] Complaint to the Canteen [SQ2] Concern over the Inflation [SQ1]
[SQ2] Concern over the Canteen [SQ3] Concern over the Inflation [SQ2]
[SQ3] Concern over the Canteen [SQ4] Recommendation for Health
[SQ5] Factors that teachers recoomend for [SQ3]
[SQ4] Complaint to the Canteen
[SQ5] Factors that teachers improving [SQ4]
recommend for improving [SQ6] Complaint to the Canteen [SQ5]
Teacher 3
[SQ1] Concern over the Inflation
Teacher 3 [SQ2] Complaint to the Canteen
[SQ1] Complaint to the Canteen Teacher 1
[SQ2] Complaint to the Canteen [SQ4] Recommendation for Health [SQ1]
[SQ3] Complaint to the Canteen [SQ5] Factors that teachers recommend for [SQ2]
[SQ4] Complaint to the Canteen improving [SQ3]
[SQ5] Concern over the inflation [SQ6] Factors that teachers recommend for
improving
[SQ4]
[SQ7] [SQ5]
Teacher 4 Teacher 4
[SQ1] Compliment of goods sold [SQ1] Factors that teachers recommend for
Teacher 1
from the outisde of the campus improving [SQ1]
[SQ2] Concern over the Inflation [SQ2] Recommendation for Health [SQ2]
[SQ3] [SQ3] Suggestion for Health
[SQ4] [SQ3]
[SQ4] Recommendation for Health
[SQ5] [SQ5] Factors that teachers recommend for
[SQ4]
improving [SQ5]
[SQ6] Factors that teachers recommend for
improving
[SQ7} Factors that teachers recommend for
improving
Teacher 5 Teacher 1
[SQ1] Concern over the inflation [SQ1]
[SQ2] Complaint to the Canteen Teacher 5 [SQ2]
[SQ3] Concern over the inflation [SQ1] Concern over the inflation
[SQ4] Complaint to the canteen [SQ3]
[SQ2] Factors that teachers recommend for improving
[SQ5] [SQ4]
43
Teacher 1
Personal Information
Teacher 1 is a woman who is passionate about her work as a teacher
at DCNHS. She is always buying foods from the canteen, and she always has
a concern about the food quality and the sanitation of the canteen. Due to
inflation, purchasing foods from the canteen is also her problem.
Perspective of a teacher about school canteen food quality and its price.
(CQ1)
[1.1] The Teacher 1 answer the question "Describe the price of food in
the canteen compare to similar food items sold outside the school
premises?", she answered:
”In terms sa price, mas mahal diri sa sulod sa
canteen. Example katong papayas jud, fruits. It’s 10
pesos but you can already boguht one papaya, but
umm..sa kanila is just uhh..very very frew, and then
too pricey.”
Food sold inside the campus is much more expensive
than the outside. And the amount of food served in the
canteen is very small.
[a] Her answer states that, compared to outside the campus, the food
44
sold inside the campus is much more expensive than outside, and very few
portions are served.
[t] Complaint to the canteen
[1.2] The interviewer further asked Teacher 1: "What impact does a
price increase have on the price of canteen products?", she answered:
"There is lot of students asking for me na “Maam,
pwede ba ako lumabas? Kay mas barato mn jud
sa gawas” so sa akoa dili nako sila i-allow
because of the school protocls so ginamention
nako sailaha na uhh.. you buy your own sa labas
nlng talaga before getting inside kasi if it’s not
enough for them then it’s much wiser that they
would buy on their own."
Many students have asked her if they can buy
outside of that campus, and the reason is that food
sold inside the campus is so expensive that many
students cannot afford it
[a] Her answer states that a lot of her students cannot afford the price
of goods sold in the canteen. In other words, According to Wicaksana, I.,
Septevany, E., Winia, I., & Suci Murni, N. G. (2021), while high-quality food
45
can lead to increased customer satisfaction, higher prices can have the
opposite effect. This finding highlights the importance of considering both
quality and price when developing pricing strategies for food and beverage
businesses.
[t] Compliment of goods sold from the outside the campus
[1.3] The interviewer further asked Teacher 1: How has inflation
affected the price of school canteen goods over time?, she answered:
Ofc, may inflation kasi nahihirapan talaga ang
mga owners or who is incharge in the canteen. So
for sure they need to look for out na siguro
gagawa ng proyekto ang school na para may
benefit talaga ang student may benefit din yung
co-worker/ co-owner ng canteen.
The owner of the canteen is most affected by
inflation.
[a] Her answer states that the owners are the most affected by the
inflation, and due to inflation, many buyers like the owner cannot buy the
product they desire to sell. So the owner put a higher price on the product,
making it more expensive.
[t] Concern over the Inflation

46
[1.4] The interviewer further asked Teacher 1: What is the teachers
perception/s of the quality of food in the school canteen?, she answered:
"Some I’ve heard sa akin kasi is it okay kasi I was
in a poor place so parang okay lang sakin but
yung ibang teachers nakikita nila na hindi yun
gaano ka linis and sometimes yun nga napapanis
yung mga food so may mga students who bought
hindi na nila kinakain kasi nga the quality is."
The cleanliness of the food is poor, which is why it
easily spoils.
[a] Her answer states that the reason food spoils so quickly is because
it cannot maintain cleanliness.
[t] Complaint to the Canteen
[1.5] The interviewer further asked Teacher 1: What are the specific
canteen products that are more affected by increasing prices than others?,
she answered:
; I think fruits and…
;like bread ata, maam.
;yung mga panwich usually binibili ng studyante ay
panwich. Kahit tumaas presyo niya binibili parin sya

47
ng mga studyante.
Fruits and bread are more affected by inflation.
[a] Her answer states that fruit and bread are more affected by the
increasing price; due to this reason, many students cannot afford to
purchase these foods.

48
Sub-Question Participant's answer Analysis Themes
Describe the price of food in Food sold inside the campus Compared to outside the campus, Complaint to the canteen
the canteen compare to is much more expensive than the food sold inside the campus is
similar food items sold outside the outside. And the amount much more expensive than
the school premises? of food served in the canteen outside, and very few portions are
is very small. served.
What impact does price Many students have asked A lot of her students cannot afford Compliment of goods sold
increase have on the price of her if they can buy outside of the price of goods sold in the from the outside the
canteen products?(Ano ang that campus, and the reason canteen. campus
epekto ng pagtaas ng presyo is that food sold inside the
sa presyo ng mga produktong campus is so expensive that
canteen? many students cannot afford
it
How has inflation affected the The owner of the canteen is The owners are the most affected Concern over the inflation
price of school canteen goods most affected by inflation. by the inflation, and due to
over time? inflation, many buyers like the
owner cannot buy the product they
desire to sell. So the owner put a
higher price on the product,
making it more expensive.
What is the teachers The cleanliness of the food is The reason food spoils so quickly Complaint to the canteen
perception/s of the quality of poor, which is why it easily is because it cannot maintain
food in the school canteen? spoils. cleanliness.
What are the specific canteen Fruits and bread are more Fruit and bread are more affected Concern over the inflation
products that are more affected by inflation. by the increasing price; due to this
affected by increasing prices reason, many students cannot
than others? afford to purchase these foods.
Table 1. The Thematic Map of teacher 1's responses and recommendations regarding food
quality and increased price in the canteen of Davao City National High School.
49
Factors that teachers consider when making decisions about purchasing
food (Central Question#2)
[2.1] Teacher 1 answer the question "What role does the price of food
play in the teacher's decision-making process?", she answered:
"For sure sa price kasi it is worth it to buy? Yang
yung tanong ng mga buyers “is it worth to buy ths
food? Na healthy ba ‘to? Malinis ba ‘to? Nakakabusog
ba ‘to?” that’s my question. Is it worth it pag you
know the value the food ."
Cleanliness, quality, and capacity to satisfy cravings
are the factors that determine the price of food.
[a] Her answer states that cleanliness, quality, and capacity to satisfy
cravings are the factors that determine the price of food.
[t] Factors that teachers recommend for improving
[2.2] The interviewer further asked Teacher 1: How important is the
quality of food when deciding whether to purchase food from the canteen?,
she answered:
"Ofcourse, the DOH need us enough ah..nutrient
vitamin sa atong body so for sure need jud mga
nutritional value is more on fruits na hindi lng

50
parang junkfoods."
Eating fruits is crucial if you want to stay healthy.
[a] Her answer states that eating fruits has more nutritional value
because it gives us nutrients to support us through the day. Furthermore,
[t] Recommendation for health
[2.4] The interviewer further asked Teacher 1: How important is speed
of service in purchasing food in the school canteen?", she answered:
"Masyado siyang imporante kasi nagmamadali
man lahat ng tao. May klase pa umm..and then
iba naman is there doing the assignment or given
task while kumakain so kailangan talaga mabilis."
Speed of service is important because a lot of people
have work to complete.
[a] Her answer states that speed at work is crucial as it helps
customers not worry about purchasing before going to or doing something.

51
[2.6] The interviewer further asked Teacher 1: How do you consider the
cleanliness and hygiene of the canteen when making purchasing decisions?,
she answered:
"Ofc, trash bin. Saan ang mga trash bin hindi ko
nakikita ang mga trash bin duon, hindi ko
nakikita ang mga trash bin na malapit sa canteen.
Ang what happen next is ung mga studyante saan
nlng tinatapon ang mga basura pero there is waste
bin, mas madali nila matatapon ang mga basura
kasi malapit na sa kanila."
Trash bins are crucial to keeping the canteen clean.
[a] Her answer states that it helps the canteen keep their sanitation as
it would attract customers.
[2.7] The interviewer further asked Teacher 1: How does location,
convenience, and ambiance affect your decision-making when purchasing
food from the canteen?, she answered:
"Dapat malapit, convience…ahh dapat madali lang

52
ang pagbili, ambiance..ofc di ba may pag ka
modern ang mga students ngayon so the
better..the ummm the allignment of things,
organization as a placing of food, dapat mas
maganda..siguro color ng pintura or it could be
placing of the tables dapat mas organisado pa, and
then at home lng, parang nasa bahay lng ang
ambiance. Yung ang preferences ko regarding sa
tanong na yan."
The closeness of the canteen, speed of service, and
organization of the place are the preferences of the
teacher.
[a] Her answer states that, assuming these are factors, it would be
beneficial to the customer if the canteen had this recommendation.

53
Factors that teachers consider when making decisions about purchasing food (Central Question#2)
Sub-question Participant's Answer Analysis Themes
What role does the price of food Cleanliness, quality, and The cleanliness, quality, and Factors that teachers
play in the teacher's decision- capacity to satisfy cravings capacity to satisfy cravings are recommend for
making process? are the factors that the factors that determine the improving
determine the price of food. price of food.
How important is the quality of Cleanliness, quality, and Cleanliness, quality, and Factors that teachers
food when deciding whether to capacity to satisfy cravings capacity to satisfy cravings are recommend for
purchase food from the are the factors that the factors that determine the improving
canteen? determine the price of food. price of food.
Are you influenced by the
variety of food options available
in the canteen?
How important is the nutritional Eating fruits is crucial if Eating fruits has more Recommendation for
value of the food when making you want to stay healthy. nutritional value because it health
purchasing decisions in the gives us nutrients to support
canteen? us through the day.
How important is speed of Speed of service is Speed at work is crucial as it Factors that teachers
service in purchasing food in important because a lot of helps customers not worry recommend for
the school canteen? people have work to about purchasing before going improving
complete. to or doing something.
How do you consider the Trash bins are crucial to It helps the canteen keep their Factors that teachers
cleanliness and hygiene of the keeping the canteen clean. sanitation as it would attract recommend for
canteen when making customers. improving
purchasing decisions?
How does location, convenience, The closeness of the Assuming these are factors, it Factors that teachers
and ambiance affect your canteen, speed of service, would be beneficial to the recommend for
decision-making when and organization of the customer if the canteen had improving
purchasing food from the place are the preferences of this recommendation.
canteen? the teacher.
54
Recommendation of teachers for improving the quality and affordability
of goods.(Central Question#3)
[3.1] The Teacher 1 answer the question "How can the cleanliness of the
school canteen be improved?", she answered:
"Yung mga pagkain na may takip talaga parang
hindi sya open like nakabasket lang, and then
yung panwich patong2 lng, diba? So gagawa sila
ng sistema na hindi lng ganon, kailangan sila
gumawa ng cover-up yung mga food nila"
It is recommended to keep the food close to the
container.
[a] Her answer states that to avoid contamination from insects and
bacteria around the establishment. In other word, In their study of Ahmed et
al. (2020) explore the significance of food quality, pricing equity, and client
retention in controlling service quality. They stress the importance of food
quality in ensuring consumer satisfaction and retaining patronage. The
authors contend that in order to properly manage service quality, a
comprehensive strategy is required, one that takes into account not only
food quality but also other elements like price fairness and customer service.
For the most part, Ahmed et al. (2020) stress the importance of food quality,
among other criteria, in controlling service quality and maintaining clients.
[t] Recommendation for Health

55
[3.2] The interviewer further asked Teacher 1: Are the prices of the
food in the school canteen reasonable? If not, what changes could be made
to make them more affordable for students?, she answered:
"Hindi talaga, ang ma susuggest ko lng talaga is
mag baon sila, nowadays, subrang mahal na yung
bilihin tska ung mga owner ng tindahan, sila ung
nag ka problema kasi hindi nila mabinta ung
paninda nila kasi subrang mahal, hindi rin nila
ibaba ung presyo kasi sila ung malulugi so it is
not possible na ibaba ung presyo para maging
affordable sa mga studyante, but kailangan nila
gumawa ng solusyon kasi sila lng din ang mag ka
problema. "
Suggestion of bringing own food despite inflation
because a lot of owners cannot lower the price, and
if they lower the price, it can affect their financial
position in the business.
[a] Her answer states that bringing your own food to school or work is
beneficial as it helps save you money compared to buying the food sold. Due
to inflation, you cannot find any affordable foods in your area.
[t] Suggestion for Inflation

56
[3.3] The interviewer further asked Teacher 1: What changes could be
made to the location of the school canteen to make it more accessible to
students?, she answered:
"They we’re in between to both canteen. So how
about this area? In the middle. So sila ung
nahihirapan. Ok lng yung classroom na malapit
lng."
Recommendation of having a sub-canteen for those
classrooms that are far from the canteen.
[a] Her answer states that having a sub-canteen near your room helps
students or teachers purchase food easily, and it is accessible to all rooms.
Purchasing foods not far away can save you time and work.
[3.5] The interviewer further asked Teacher 1: What specific types of
food should be offered in the school canteen to cater to a wider range of
students' preferences?, she answered:
"Milktea, ice cofee, yung na ang mga trends kasi
naapektoham mg ibang bansa umm.. parang hindi
ko na halos nakikita ang mga talong“I can say that

57
the foods in the canteen are really much more
expensive compared to the stores outside the
school, because they really need to put more
money for their products because they are paying
for their rents.”, mga viands. Ung mga gulay-gulay
kasi preference na ngayun ng mga studyante is
uhh..karne pero wala na yung mga isda, more on
karne, chicken og fried nlng."
Milk tea and iced coffee are more preferable to the
teacher and students.
[a] Her answer states that this product is more sellable because it joins
the trend; no matter what the price is, customers just buy it, but it depends
on the customer.
[t] Recommendation for health
[3.6] The interviewer further asked Teacher 1: How can feedback from
other teachers about the school canteen be gathered and incorporated into
improvement plans?, she answered:
"Karon naga hatag ko idea og feedback para ma
improve ang canteen, kani na way makabalo sila
unsa ang lack og problem sa ilahang pagtakbo dri
sulod sa skwelhan.ummm.. Ang feedback sa mga

58
teacher na naga buy sa canteen kay crutial kaayo
na, as long makatabang ang feedback, mo improve
og mulambo ang canteen dri sa skwelahan."
The importance of feedback to the owners of the
canteen is that it tells them what they lack and
insufficiency to satisfy the customer.
[a] Her answer states that this feedback can help improve the canteen.
By listening to others perspectives, you can really help your plans and
improve things that need improvement.

59
Recommendation of teachers for improving the quality and affordability of goods.
Sub-Question Participant's Answer Analysis Themes
How can the cleanliness of the It is recommended to keep the To avoid contamination from Recommendation for health
school canteen be improved? food close to the container insects and bacteria around the
establishment.
Are the prices of the food in Suggestion of bringing own food Bringing your own food to Suggestion for inflation
the school canteen despite inflation because a lot school or work is beneficial as it
reasonable? If not, what of owners cannot lower the helps save you money
changes could be made to price, and if they lower the compared to buying the food
make them more affordable for price, it can affect their sold. Due to inflation, you
students? financial position in the cannot find any affordable
business. foods in your area.
What changes could be made Recommendation of having a Having a sub-canteen near Factors that teach
to the location of the school sub-canteen for those your room helps students or recommend for improving
canteen to make it more classrooms that are far from teachers purchase food easily,
accessible to students? the canteen. and it is accessible to all rooms.
Purchasing foods not far away
can save you time and work.
How can the quality of the
food in the school canteen be
improved?
What specific types of food Milk tea and iced coffee are This product is more sellable Recommendation for health
should be offered in the school more preferable to the teacher because it joins the trend; no
canteen to cater to a wider and students. matter what the price is,
range of students' customers just buy it, but it
preferences? depends on the customer.
How can feedback from other The importance of feedback to This feedback can help improve Suggestion for inflation
teachers about the school the owners of the canteen is the canteen. By listening to
canteen be gathered and that it tells them what they lack others perspectives, you can
incorporated into and insufficiency to satisfy the really help your plans and
improvement plans? customer. improve things that need
improvement.
60
Teacher 2
Teacher 2 is a female educator at DCNHS who is enthusiastic about
what she does. She frequently purchases meals from the canteen and is
constantly concerned about the caliber of the food and the cleanliness of the
establishment. Her issue with purchasing meals from the canteen is
inflation.
(CQ#1)
"So the my perception about the quality of the food
in the school canteen is that its not that good in
the sense that sometimes,for example when you
buy a shomai its very dry,the shomai is very dry
the sauce is not good,so there’s no quality
there,they only love chili sauce and other
ingredients for the shomai and for us for other
foods,the buns,so there were no covers
sometimes,i dont know if there are flies,yeah it is
exposed to the dust,thats it."

61
The quality of the food in the school canteen is that
its not that good in the sense that sometimes.
[a] Her answer states that the quality of food in the canteen is not so
good. Her experience of purchasing in the canteen never satisfied her
appetite. In addition, according to Hanaysha (2016), cited by Wicaksana, I &
Septevany, Elvira & Winia, I & Suci Murni, Ni Gusti (2021), superior food
quality is a key marketing tool that can be used to satisfy and retain
customers and can ensure a positive buying experience.
[1.2] The interviewer further asked Teacher 2: "What impact does a
"The effect of the price increase in the school
canteen is that there are more students or
teachers who do not really buy in the school
canteen, we know that the price in the canteen is
really bigger or more expensive than outside the
school, not all students can afford everything sold
in the canteen, and the same goes for our
teachers."
62
There are more students or teachers who do not
really buy in the school canteen.
[a] Her answer states that the cause of the increasing price of
products in the canteen could be due to no customers purchasing from their
store. Thus, customers want cheap goods to purchase, and they cannot
lower the price for some reason.
"If we talk about the effect of the inflation of the
school canteen over time, the longer the time goes
on, the more expensive the products sold here will
be and there is a possibility that their products
will also weaken if the profit from their food sold in
the canteen is too much."
The longer the time goes on, the more expensive the
products sold.
[a] Her answer states that the more time goes by, the more the price of
a certain product increases, and that is the cause of inflation.
[t] Concern over the inflation

63
"As i said earlier that the quality of the food they
sell is not enough for the money you spend, the
quality is not good and let me be specific like my
example shomai which is very dry and without
chili sauce then the soy sauce is still not good and
watery. so they sell some foods that is not fit for
the price you pay and the quality is not what you
want."
They sell some foods that is not fit for the price you
pay and the quality is not what you want.
[a] Her answer states that the seller sells food that is not fit for the
price you pay, therefore the food they sell is not of good quality. According to
Revoredo-Giha et al. (2019) investigate whether variations in food costs have
an impact on food quality and, in turn, nutritional outcomes. According to
the authors, price fluctuations can encourage farmers and producers to
change their methods of production, which may have an impact on the
nutrient content of food. They contend that initiatives to improve food quality
may benefit nutrition.

64
she answered:
"Food products were more affected by the price
increase than the school supplies they sell, because
food is easier and favorable to sell, so there is a
greater possibility that it is always increasing the
price just to make sales."
Food is easier and favorable to sell, so there is a
greater possibility that it is always increasing the price
just to make sales.
[a] Her answer states that food is much easier and more sellable than
other items in the canteen. A study on how Italian consumers perceive food
quality was done by Mascarello et al. (2015). The significance of taste,
freshness, and provenance in defining food quality was discovered through
an analysis of the elements that affect consumer food selections.

65
Describe the price of food Poor customer services The quality of food in the Complaint to the
in the canteen compare to and issues with the canteen is not so good. Her canteen
similar food items sold quality of food sold at experience of purchasing in
outside the school DCNHS. the canteen never satisfied
premises? her appetite.
What impact does a price The quality of the food in The cause of the increasing Concern over the
increase have on the price the school canteen is that price of products in the inflation
of canteen products? its not that good in the canteen could be due to no
sense that sometimes. customers purchasing from
their store. Thus, customers
want cheap goods to
purchase, and they cannot
lower the price for some
reason.
How has inflation affected The longer the time goes The more time goes by, the Concern over the
the price of school on, the more expensive more the price of a certain inflation
canteen goods over time? the products sold. product increases, and that
is the cause of inflation.
What is the teachers They sell some foods that The seller sells food that is Complaint to the
perception/s of the is not fit for the price you not fit for the price you pay, canteen
quality of food in the pay and the quality is not therefore the food they sell is
school canteen? what you want. not of good quality.
The interviewer further Food is easier and Food is much easier and Factors that teachers
asked Teacher 1: What favorable to sell, so there more sellable than other recommend for
are the specific canteen is a greater possibility items in the canteen. improving.
products that are more that it is always
affected by increasing increasing the price just
prices than others? to make sales.
66
food (CQ#2)
"The role played by the price of food in the
decision-making process for us teachers is to
think carefully if this thing or food is worth buying
with the money I or we pay."
Think carefully if this thing or food is worth buying
with the money.
[a] Her answer states that before buying foods or things that you
consume or use for yourself, think. It is the best way to manage your money.
she answered:
"When I buy food at the school canteen it's either I

67
have no choice or I return it because it's delicious and
my favorite so how important it is depends on the
situation. There are many items sold in the school
canteen that are also delicious and I will return -really
look back, this is one of the very important quality of
the foods they sell."
I have no choice or I return it because it's delicious and
my favorite so how important it is depends on the
situation.
[a] Her answer states that she has no choice but to buy it because it is
her favorite. And it is hateful for her to reject it.
[2.3] The interviewer further asked Teacher 2: Are you influenced by
the variety of food options available in the canteen?, she answered:
" Yes, I was also influenced sometimes, like the
pancit dish that is sold in the canteen. I only
found out about this from my friend who is also a
teacher and she influenced me to buy it too
because it is very delicious and worth to buy."
Influenced me to buy it too because it is very

68
delicious and worth to buy.
[a] Her answer states that her friend influenced her to buy it because it
is delicious, so therefore her reason to buy is that she got influence.
nutritional value of the food when making purchasing decisions in the
canteen?, she answered:
"okay so,nutritional value of the food in
purchasing or when making purchase decisions in
thé campaign is that you have to make sure that
the food that you’re going to prepare is
healthy.so,we saw hotdogs,we know that hot dogs
are junk food,should not be serve in canteen,and
there are juices,but when we talked about healthy
food,juices are also more preservative so i dont
think its healthy,so when you purchase something
you have to think of like food,bread though it has
a lot of carbohydrates ,when you purchase you
have to make sure na again it is healthy and less
sugar for thé students and it will not cost in the
kidneys or whatsoever that’s it."

69
You have to make sure that the food that you’re
going to prepare is healthy.
[a] Her answer states that when buying goods, you have to make sure
that they are good for your health. You have to think before buying because
it can affect your health if you buy foods without your knowledge.
of service in purchasing food in the school canteen?, she answered:
"if i rate the speed services of school canteen it
would be 7/10 why? it's because with the number
of students who buy from the canteen, it's more
difficult for the salespeople to handle it, they can't
rush everything because they might make a
mistake in what they're doing and at the same
time they also need to be handled what you
bought properly so that when it is given to you,
you will be satisfied."
it's more difficult for the salespeople to handle it,
they can't rush everything because they might
make a mistake.
70
[a] Her answer states that for a lot of people buying in the canteen,
especially students, it is hard to handle because there are so many students.
You cannot speed things up because it can result in a misorder for the
customer. According to Chang et al. (2017), customer satisfaction is
expected to result from good service efficiency, which will improve customer
engagement and interrelationships.
she answered:
"sometimes, school canteen has no hygiene as
what i have said earlier the hotdog buns or the
buns has no cover at all, we don't know that there
might be flies flying around and this is the one
that was given to you, so when I'm the one buying
it I look at it the food you want to buy to know if it
is safe or not."
Sometimes, school canteen has no hygiene .
[a] Her answer states that the school canteen has no hygiene. For
instance, a hotdog in the stall has no cover, so flies might touch it. So when
buying, you have to make sure it is clean because health is important.

71
"when it comes in to location, the canteen is close to
our faculty so it's not that hard to get to, in
convenience, they are convenient when there aren't
many students buying during class hours, and lastly
when we talk about the ambiance in the school
canteen it is very crowded because davao city national
high school has many students."
The canteen is close to our faculty so it's not that
hard to get in there
The canteen is close to our faculty, so it's not that hard
to get in there. They are convenient when there aren't
many students buying during class hours. Also, the
ambiance in the school canteen is very crowded.

72
[a] Her answer states that it is not a problem for her because her
faculty is close to the canteen. Additionally, it is convenient, but when it is a
class hour. Ambiance: the canteen is very crowded because it is small and
many students are buying food in the same canteen.

73
What role does the price Think carefully if this thing or food Before buying foods or things that you Suggestion for
of food play in the is worth buying with the money. consume or use for yourself, think. It is inflation
teacher's decision- the best way to manage your money.
making process?
How important is the I have no choice or I return it She has no choice but to buy it because Concern over the
quality of food when because it's delicious and my it is her favorite. And it is hateful for inflation
deciding whether to favorite so how important it is her to reject it.
purchase food from the depends on the situation.
canteen?
Are you influenced by the Influenced me to buy it too because Her friend influenced her to buy it Concern over the
variety of food options it is very delicious and worth to buy. because it is delicious, so therefore her inflation
available in the canteen? reason to buy is that she got influence.
How important is the You have to make sure that the food When buying goods, you have to make Recommendation for
nutritional value of the that you’re going to prepare is sure that they are good for your health. health
food when making healthy. You have to think before buying
purchasing decisions in because it can affect your health if you
the canteen? buy foods without your knowledge.
How important is speed it's more difficult for the salespeople For a lot of people buying in the Factors that
of service in purchasing to handle it, they can't rush canteen, especially students, it is hard teachers recommend
food in the school everything because they might make to handle because there are so many for improving
canteen? a mistake. students. You cannot speed things up
because it can result in a misorder for
the customer.
How do you consider the Sometimes, school canteen has no The school canteen has no hygiene. For Complaint to the
cleanliness and hygiene hygiene. instance, a hotdog in the stall has no canteen
of the canteen when cover, so flies might touch it. So when
making purchasing buying, you have to make sure it is
decisions? clean because health is important.
How does location, The canteen is close to our faculty, It is not a problem for her because her Complaint over the
convenience, and so it's not that hard to get in there. faculty is close to the canteen. canteen
ambiance affect your They are convenient when there Additionally, it is convenient, but when it
is a class hour. Ambiance: the canteen is

decision-making when aren't many students buying during
very crowded because it is small and many
purchasing food from the class hours. Also, the ambiance in
74
canteen? the school canteen is very crowded. students are buying food in the same
canteen.
of goods.(CQ#3)
[3.1] The Teacher 2 answer the question "How can the cleanliness of
the school canteen be improved?", she answered:
"i think it would improve the cleanliness of school
canteen when they have a many trashcan and
policy and rules about the trash also student’s will
cooperate about it for the better of our school
canteen."
Improve the cleanliness of school canteen.
[a] Her answer states that it would improve the cleanliness of the
school canteen if they put trash cans everywhere near the canteen so that
students would not throw the trash anywhere.
[3.2] The interviewer further asked Teacher 2: Are the prices of the food
in the school canteen reasonable? If not, what changes could be made to
make them more affordable for students?, she answered:
"No, its not reasonable,why? its because its really

75
overpriced, students cant even afford other foods
that being sold in the school canteen or choose not
to buy inside the school just because if we
compare the price inside and outside its capable to
buy in outside."
Students cant even afford other foods that being
sold in the school canteen or choose not to buy
inside the school .
[a] Her answer states that many students cannot afford the price of
food, so it is not reasonable because it is overpriced. Further, According to
Bielemann, Motta, Minten, Horta, & Gigante, 2015; Eicher-Miller, Fulgoni, &
Keast, 2015; Louzada et al., 2015, cited by Bleiweiss-Sande R, Goldberg J,
Evans EW, Chui K, Sacheck J. (2019), Systems for classifying foods based
on their level of industrial processing and intended use have recently been
developed as a tool to measure the connection between eating processed
foods and health effects. There are several systems for classifying foods, each
with its own criteria and terminology. Eicher-Miller, Fulgoni, & Keast,
(2012); Moubarac, Parra, Cannon, & Monteiro, 2014; Poti et al., (2015).
[t] Compliment of goods sold from the outside of the campus

76
"I would suggest that they increase the canteen
base on the location that junior high and senior
high had. there are some students are worrying
about the location of school canteen for example
those students in main building, the time that
students have in recess time is 15 minutes only, it
may not fit because it is far from them and there
are many students in the canteen, so there is a
possibility that if they buy more, they will be late
for the next sub. It would be better if the school
canteen is added to our school."
They increase the canteen base on the location that
junior high and senior high had.
[a] Her answer states that some of the canteen areas inside the
campus are overpricing their foods based on the fact that the students
mostly buy their products. So some of the students walked to the other
canteen, which sells food cheaper than the other canteen, in order to satisfy
their cravings.
[3.4] The interviewer further asked Teacher 2: How can the quality of
the food in the school canteen be improved?, she answered:

77
"Okay so the quality of the in the school canteen
can be improved by following the practices
especially in preparation of the food and the
display of the food it should be clean, it should be
covered to avoid what you call this kind of dust
contamination and of course it should be cheaper
like the food were being sold."
The quality of the in the school canteen can be
improved by an awaiting practices especially in
preparation of the food and the display of the food it
should be clean.
[a] Her answer states that school canteens can improve in many ways:
by following the practices when making food, and the display of the food
should always be monitored for cleanliness.
"Our school canteen must offer foods that
tasty,delicious,has a good quality,healthy and at

78
the same time its affordable for students and
teachers "
School canteen must offer foods that tasty,
delicious, has a good quality, healthy, and
affordable foods.
[a] Her answer states that schools should offer delicious and healthy
food, and affordable price of foods in order to boost their mood as students
and teachers because it is so beneficial while doing work or studying.
"Teachers have many plans or wish about the
improvements of our school canteen, we gathered
the ideas about increase the school canteen,
maintain and improve the quality,cheaper price for
the sake of students also for us teachers."
Maintain and improve the quality, cheaper price for
the sake of students also for us teacher.

79
[a] Her answer states that maintaining the practices of the canteen and
improving them are ways to become a good canteen. Also, making the food
cheaper can increase its reputation.
Recommendation of teachers for improving the quality and affordability of goods.(Central Question#3)
How can the cleanliness of the Improve the cleanliness of school It would improve the cleanliness of Suggestion for inflation
school canteen be improved? canteen. the school canteen if they put
trash cans everywhere near the
canteen so that students would
not throw the trash anywhere.
Are the prices of the food in the Students cant even afford other Many students cannot afford the Compliment of goods sold from
school canteen reasonable? If not, foods that being sold in the school price of food, so it is not the outside of the canteen.
what changes could be made to canteen or choose not to buy reasonable because it is
make them more affordable for inside the school. overpriced.
students?
What changes could be made to They increase the canteen base on Some of the canteen areas inside Complaint to the canteen
the location of the school canteen the location that junior high and the campus are overpricing their
to make it more accessible to senior high had. foods based on the fact that the
students? students mostly buy their
products. So some of the students
walked to the other canteen, which
sells food cheaper than the other
canteen, in order to satisfy their
cravings.
How can the quality of the food in School canteen must offer foods Schools should offer delicious and Factors that teachers
the school canteen be improved? that tasty, delicious, has a good healthy food, and affordable price recommend for improving
quality, healthy, and affordable of foods in order to boost their
foods. mood as students and teachers
because it is so beneficial while
doing work or studying.

80
What specific types of food should Maintain and improve the quality, Maintaining the practices of the Recommendation for health
be offered in the school canteen to cheaper price for the sake of canteen and improving them are
cater to a wider range of students' students also for us teacher. ways to become a good canteen.
preferences? Also, making the food cheaper can
increase its reputation.
How can feedback from other
teachers about the school canteen
be gathered and incorporated into
improvement plans?
81
Teacher 3
Teacher 3 is a dedicated teacher at DCNHS. She is always purchasing
items from the canteen and is concerned about the food quality and
sanitation of the canteen. Purchasing goods from the canteen is often a
difficulty due to inflation.
(CQ#1)
“When comparing the price of food available in the
canteen to similar food items sold outside the
school premises, it becomes evident that the prices
in the canteen tend to be considerably higher,
creating an unfavorable discrepancy in
affordability for students and staff members.
Furthermore, it is regrettable to note that not only
do the prices fail to align with market standards,
but the quality and taste of the food offered in the
canteen often fall below expectations, resulting in
an unfortunate combination of subpar culinary
experiences and exorbitant costs when compared

82
to the offerings found outside the school premises”
Unfavorable discrepancy in affordability for
students and staff members.
[a] Her answer states that all customers on campus should have the
same affordability while purchasing; despite the inflation, they should find a
way to lower the price so both teachers and students can afford to buy.
[1.2] The interviewer further asked Teacher 3: What impact does a
"When examining the price of food in the canteen
and comparing it to similar food items sold outside
the school premises, it becomes apparent that not
only does the canteen's pricing display a
significant disparity, but unfortunately, the quality
and taste of the food provided also leave much to
be desired, resulting in a regrettable combination
of subpar culinary experiences and inflated prices
that fail to align with the market standards
observed outside the school premises. "
It becomes apparent that not only does the

83
canteen's pricing display a significant disparity, but
unfortunately, the quality and taste of the food
provided also leave much to be desired.
[a] Her answer states that it has become understood that the price of
food in the canteen is not equal to that of those who cannot afford it, but the
quality of it is not the same as the price.
"It has affected the food products by a lot kasi they
have to sell the food for a higher price, and the
price of the food in the canteen is already very
high, also to affects the students who buys at the
canteen by a lot, because not everyone in the
canteen can buy those foods, not all students have
the money to buy those expensive foods. That's
why if the food price increases it becomes much
harder to sell those increased priced foods."
They have to sell the food for a higher price, and the
price of the food in the canteen is already very high.

84
[a] Her answer states that the canteen sells those foods, which are
more expensive. And students cannot afford those expensive goods because
they do not have enough money to purchase them.
"My perception of the food quality in the school
canteen is very bad or very low. Because the
quality of the food that they serve is not good it's a
really bad quality of food. Not only is the price so
high the food itself is so bad, it's not appealing to
look at, the taste is bad."
Because the quality of the food that they serve is
not good it's a really bad quality of food.
[a] Her answer states that the food sold in the canteen is not of good
quality. Not only is the price too high, but the food is not too good.
she answered:
85
"Don't really know the specific food products that
are affected by the price increase, but for me I
think it is those .... Because those ... Are already
expensive as it is, and if the food price increases
then it becomes even more expensive to buy for
the students."
Don't really know the specific food products that
are affected by the price increase, if the food price
increases then it becomes even more expensive to
buy for the students.
[a] Her answer states that she doesn't know any specific foods that
affect the increasing price, but when those foods increase, students cannot
afford them because they do not fit in their budget.

86
Perspective of a teacher about school canteen food quality and its price.(Central Question#1)
Describe the price of food in the Unfavorable discrepancy in All customers on campus should Complaint to the canteen
canteen compare to similar food affordability for students have the same affordability while
items sold outside the school and staff members. purchasing; despite the
premises? inflation, they should find a way
to lower the price so both
teachers and students can
afford to buy.
What impact does price increase It becomes apparent that It has become understood that Complaint to the canteen
have on the price of canteen not only does the canteen's the price of food in the canteen
products? pricing display a significant is not equal to that of those who
disparity, but unfortunately, cannot afford it, but the quality
the quality and taste of the of it is not the same as the price.
food provided also leave
much to be desired
How has inflation affected the price They have to sell the food for the canteen sells those foods, Complaint to the canteen
of school canteen goods over time? a higher price, and the price which are more expensive. And
of the food in the canteen is students cannot afford those
already very high expensive goods because they do
not have enough money to
purchase them.
What is the teachers perception/s Because the quality of the The food sold in the canteen is Complaint to the caneen
of the quality of food in the school food that they serve is not not of good quality. Not only is
canteen? good it's a really bad quality the price too high, but the food
of food. is not too good.
What are the specific canteen Don't really know the She doesn't know any specific Concern over the inflation
products that are more affected by specific food products that foods that affect the increasing
increasing prices than others? are affected by the price price, but when those foods
increase, if the food price increase, students cannot afford
increases then it becomes them because they do not fit in
even more expensive to buy their budget.
for the students.

87
food (CQ#2)
"It plays a big part for us teachers because us
teachers don't have a lot of money. That's why we
also need to consider the price of the food,
because if the price of the food is too high and we
see that the food doesn't look good then of course
we won't buy it, and even if the food does look
good it will still depend on whether we will like it
or not."
It plays a big part for us teachers because us
teachers don't have a lot of money.
[a] Her answer states that even teachers need to save their money.
They don't get a big salary in order to buy the food they want. Therefore,
they also complain about the price of food.

88
she answered:
"Of course the quality of the food is the number
one priority in buying food. Because like I said if
the price of the food is too high and quality is bad
then the food that you bought for a high price is
not worth it at all. Because not only did you spend
a lot of money just to buy that food, and when you
tasted it it didn't taste good then I just got
scammed for my money."
If the price of the food is too high and the quality is
bad then the food that you bought for a high price
is not worth it at all.
[a] Her answer states that it is not worth it to buy the food if it has
bad quality and is also expensive.
"No not really because the foods that they provide
there don't taste good, so I'm not influenced by it

89
at all. Plus I've already tasted every single one of
the food that's in the canteen."
No not really because the foods that they provide
there don't taste good
[a] Her answer states that she is not influenced by the food because
the food she tastes is not that good; additionally, she has already tasted all
the food in the canteen.
"It is very important because most of the
customers in the canteen are students, so they
really have to put into consideration the
nutritional value of the food when serving it to the
students, so that at least when the students buy
expensive foods in the canteen it helps their body
by eating high nutritional foods."
It is very important because most of the customers
in the canteen are students, so they really have to
put into consideration the nutritional value of the

90
food.
[a] Her answer states that nutritional value is important because most
of the customers in the canteen are students. Therefore, they are mostly
kids, so it is important that it implement the regulations for maintaining the
nutritional value.
"The speed is kind of necessary, because there are
a lot of students buying food in the canteen so they
need to move quickly to be able to serve all of the
students who buy at the canteen."
The speed is kind of necessary, because there are
a lot of students buying food in the canteen.
[a] Her answer states that speed of service is necessary because a lot of
students purchase food in the canteen. Additionally, most students have
class, so they might be rushing in order not to be late.
91
she answered:
"I consider the cleanliness and hygiene of the
canteen, because if the canteen itself is dirty then
we cannot say that the food is clean right? But if
the canteen itself is clean and you can see it
clearly that it's clean then you can rest assured
that the food is also clean, because they take care
of the environment that they sell the food in. And
also they can at least compensate for the bad
quality of the food and the high prices of the food."
I consider the cleanliness and hygiene of the
canteen.
[a] Her answer states that she considers cleanliness crucial when
running a food business because if not, it can result in business loss, and
the health of your customers is also important. That is why running a
business should be taken seriously. Futhermore. Taking care of the
environment is important to her, and considering compensation for the bad
quality of the food and the high prices of the food.

92
What role does the price of food play in It plays a big part for us Even teachers need to save their money. They Concern over the
the teacher's decision-making process? teachers because us teachers don't get a big salary in order to buy the food inflation
don't have a lot of money they want. Therefore, they also complain
about the price of food.
How important is the quality of food If the price of the food is too It is not worth it to buy the food if it has bad Complaint to the
when deciding whether to purchase food high and the quality is bad quality and is also expensive. canteen
from the canteen? then the food that you
bought for a high price is not
worth it at all.
Are you influenced by the variety of food No not really because the She is not influenced by the food because the Complaint to the
options available in the canteen? foods that they provide there food she tastes is not that good; additionally, canteen
don't taste good she has already tasted all the food in the
canteen.
How important is the nutritional value of It is very important because nutritional value is important because most of Recommendation for
the food When making purchasing most of the customers in the The customers in the canteen are students. health
decisions in the canteen? canteen are students, so Therefore, they are mostly kids, so it is
they really have to put into important that it implement the regulations
consideration the nutritional for maintaining the nutritional value.
value of the food
How important is speed of service in The speed is kind of Speed of service is necessary because a lot of Factors that teachers
purchasing food in the school canteen? necessary, because there are students purchase food in the canteen. recommend for
a lot of students buying food Additionally, most students have class, so improving
in the canteen. they might be rushing in order not to be late.
How do you consider the cleanliness and I consider the cleanliness She considers cleanliness crucial when running a food Factors that teacher
business because if not, it can result in business loss, and the
hygiene of the canteen when making and hygiene of the canteen. recommend for
health of your customers is also important. That is why
purchasing decisions? running a business should be taken seriously. Futhermore. improving

Taking care of the environment is important to her, and
93
considering compensation for the bad quality of the food and
the high prices of the food.
How does location, convenience, and
ambiance affect your decision-making
when purchasing food from the canteen?
of goods.(CQ#3)
"Our school canteen are already clean but we really
need to maintain it for the reason that the students,
teachers or other people who will go there will beautify
the place, it can be improved by informing the
students or anyone buying from the canteen in our
saying that clean as you go in short claygo"
It can be improved by informing the students or anyone
buying from the canteen in our saying that clean as
you go in short clay go.
[a] Her answer states that the school canteen can improve cleanliness
and sanitation. Additionally, informing the students that the canteen is
clean is beneficial.

94
"No its not reasonable at all, it is because i
know, we all know the prices in the school
canteen is over priced, salespeople need to
lower the price of the food or product they sell
so that the students can afford it."
School canteen is over priced, salespeople need
to lower the price of the food or product they sell
so that the students can afford it.
[a] Her answer states that the food sold in the canteen is overpriced,
and the owner or salesperson of the canteen should be informed that the
sellable foods are not affordable for the customer. Price is an important
factor in customer satisfaction, according to Wantara & Tambrin (2019) and
Montolalu (2013). Previous research has shown that the quality and price of
a product can have a significant effect on customer satisfaction.

95
"when it comes to the location some student's are
struggling because the canteen is far from them,
their recess time is short so they consume the
time they wait to buy food, the same goes for the
teachers. It is necessary to increase the school
canteen in our school for the better future."
It is necessary to increase the school canteen in our
school for the better future.
[a] Her answer states that it is better to increase the facility of the
canteen inside the campus in order to have a smooth process of purchasing
goods, and it can help those far away from the classroom to buy from the
canteen without getting late.
the food in the school canteen be improved?
"when we talk about the quality of the food in our
school canteen, I'll be honest on this if i rate it 1-
10 i will rate i 3 only why? because there foods

96
that are sold are not tasty while other foods are
not cooked well, dirty, it needs to be improved by
selling food with love and it should be tasty and
healthy so that the person who buys it will be able
to eat it."
It needs to be improved by selling food with love
and it should be tasty and healthy
[a] Her answer states that it can improve by providing delicious foods
that can satisfy your appetite and be healthy, as it should be.
"I would recommend that the school canteen sell
food that is not junk food, it should be food that is
healthy and at the same time tasty so that we can
avoid illness and U.T.I caused by eating junk
food."
I would recommend that the school canteen sell
food that is not junk food, it should be food that is

97
healthy.
[a] Her answer states that she would recommend selling more
nutritious foods rather than junk foods because eating those healthy foods
can help with your studies or work, so consuming them can boost both your
mental and physical performance.
"The teachers have a lot of feedback about the
school canteen, there are positive, there are also
negative, but the higher is the negative side
because we know that what is sold in the canteen
is really overpriced, and the quality is not yet in,
so how can we be satisfied with that, not really we
will choose to go out of school if what is being sold
in the canteen is really worth buying."
We know that what is sold in the canteen is really
overpriced, and the quality is not yet in.
[a] Her answer states that teachers know that the food sold in the
canteen does not look attractive or is not of the same quality as it should be.
98
So what they can do is give feedback from teachers to the canteen because a
lot of teachers have good recommendations for improvement.
How can the cleanliness of the school It can be improved by informing the students The school canteen can improve Factors that teachers recommend for
canteen be improved? or anyone buying from the canteen in our cleanliness and sanitation. improving
saying that clean as you go in short clay go. Additionally, informing the students
that the canteen is clean is
beneficial.
Are the prices of the food in the school School canteen is over priced, salespeople The food sold in the canteen is Factors that teachers recommend for
canteen reasonable? If not, what changes need to lower the price of the food or product overpriced, and the owner or improving
could be made to make them more they sell so that the students can afford it. salesperson of the canteen should be
affordable for students? informed that the sellable foods are
not affordable for the customer.
What changes could be made to the It is necessary to increase the school canteen It is better to increase the facility of Factors that teachers recommend for
location of the school canteen to make it in our school for the better future the canteen inside the campus in improving
more accessible to students? order to have a smooth process of
purchasing goods, and it can help
those far away from the classroom to
buy from the canteen without getting
late.
How can the quality of the food in the It needs to be improved by selling food with It can improve by providing delicious Recommendation for health
school canteen be improved? love and it should be tasty and healthy. foods that can satisfy your appetite
and be healthy, as it should be.
What specific types of food should be I would recommend that the school canteen She would recommend selling more Recommendation for health
offered in the school canteen to cater to a sell food that is not junk food, it should be nutritious foods rather than junk
wider range of students' preferences?( food that is healthy. foods because eating those healthy
foods can help with your studies or
work, so consuming them can boost
both your mental and physical
performance.
99
How can feedback from other teachers We know that what is sold in the canteen is Teachers know that the food sold in Concern over the inflation
about the school canteen be gathered and really overpriced, and the quality is not yet in. the canteen does not look attractive
incorporated into improvement plans? or is not of the same quality as it
should be. So what they can do is
give feedback from teachers to the
canteen because a lot of teachers
have good recommendations for
improvement.
100
Teacher 4
A man named Teacher 4 is devoted to his job as a teacher at DCNHS.
He regularly purchases food from the canteen and is constantly concerned
about the caliber of the food and the cleanliness of the establishment. He
also has trouble paying for food at the canteen because of inflation.
(CQ#1)
premises?", he answered:
"Masasabi ko na mas mahal talaga yung
foods sa canteen compare sa mga tinda-
tindahan outside the school the school,
kase nga diba need talaga nila mag patong
sa mga paninda nila kasi nagbabayad den
sila nang renta at kung hindi sila papatong
nang mas malaki mababa lang kikitain nila.
Pero sana yung school hindi sana nila
masyadong taasan ang renta para hindi
den mahal ang bilihin sa canteen."

101
I can say that the foods in the canteen are
really much more expensive compared to the
stores outside the school, because they
really need to put more money for their
products because they are paying for their
rents.
[a] His answer states that food in the canteen is much more expensive
than food sold outside the campus. The reason is that maybe they really
need the money to pay the rent for the area, which is why they increase the
price.
[t] Compliment of goods sold from outside of the campus
price increase have on the price of canteen products?", he answered:
"So mas tataas den ang patong nila, ang labas
mas napaka mahal na kaya nga ibang teacher
nagbabaon nalang or bumibili nalang sa labas
para mas maka less kay kung sige sila ug bili
sa canteen edi ang laki na ng expenses nila
everyday, diba? So mostly talaga samin sa
labas ng school nalang bumibili."

102
So the seller put more money to product in order
to generate income.
[a] His answer states that the reason the price is increasing is because
the seller has put more money into the food, which is why the food price is
increasing.
Describe the price of food I can say that the foods in Food in the canteen is Compliment of goods sold
in the canteen compare to the canteen are really much more expensive from outside the campus
similar food items sold much more expensive than food sold outside the
outside the school compared to the stores campus. The reason is
premises? outside the school, that maybe they really
because they really need need the money to pay the
to put more money for rent for the area, which is
their products because why they increase the
they are paying for their price.
rents.
What impact does price So the seller put more The reason the price is Concern over the inflation
increase have on the price money to product in order increasing is because the
of canteen products? to generate income. seller has put more money
into the food, which is why
the food price is
increasing.
How has inflation affected the
price of school canteen goods
over time?
What is the teachers
perception/s of the quality of
food in the school canteen?
What are the specific canteen
products that are more affected
by increasing prices than
others?
103
Table 10.The Thematic Map of teacher 4's responses and recommendations regarding food
food (CQ#2)
play in the teacher's decision-making process?", he answered:
"Para sakin, subrang imporante. Kong mahal yung
isang pagkain edi hindi ka makabali di pa,
halimbawa: studyante ka na hindi gaano kalaki
yung baon mo tas gutom ka, pano ka makakabili
ng pakain kong kulang pera mo kasi yung bilihin
duon sa canteen ay subrang mahal na"
Importance of lowering the price of food.
[a] His answer states that some of the students cannot afford to
purchase the goods because of their price.
he answered:
"Kong bumilibili ka ng pagkain dapat ito ay

104
masustansya at malinis din, kaya subrang
imporante yung quality kasi dito bumabasi
kong worth it ba bilhin yung pagkain despite
sa inflation kasi kong hindi gaano maganda
yung pagkain tas subrang mahalinn, ehh.. jan
ka magkakaproblema, pano mo mn yan bilhin
ehh..hindi nga nakaktulong sayo."
If you are buying food, it is important that the
food is healthy and clean because this is the
only way to determine if the food is worth
purchasing.
[a] His answer states that it is important to consider whether the food
is healthy and worth buying.
the variety of food options available in the canteen?, he answered:
"Hindi mn ako na influence ng mga pagkain kasi
naga baon mn ako, hindi ako palagi bumibili kasi
yun nga subrang mahal, bumibili lng ako kong
medju gutom na tas kulang yung binaon ko, duon
ako bumibili."
105
I'm not influenced by the food sold in the canteen. I
have my own food to eat, but sometimes, if I am so
hungry, the canteen is my choice.
[a] His answer states that he brings his own food, so he is not
influenced by purchasing it, but for some reason, if he is hungry, the
canteen is his only go-to.
canteen?, he answered:
"Dapat talaga na ang mas ginabenta nila na foods
kay mas more on nutritional, kasi mga customer
nila mostly kay mga bata or mga students kaya
dapat ang gina benta nila kay yung mga Healty
hindi yung mga drinks na maraming preservatives
like siguro juice na unhealthy dapat milk nalang
kasi may calcium and sa ulam naman dapat mga
more on vegetable hindi yung puro hotdog, ham or
yung mga madaming preservatives na foods."
The canteen needs to sell food that contains

106
nutritional value for the students and other
customers buying it.
[a] His answer states that the canteen should sell goods that are
nutritious and also serve healthy and clean goods for the students because,
mostly, students are buying in the canteen, so it is needed to serve good
quality as it is.
of service in purchasing food in the school canteen?, he answered:
"It is important na mabilis ang pagseserbisyo sa
pagbibili nang pagkain sa kanteen hindi dahil sa
kaunti lng ang kanteen dahil pagsisiksikan sa
kanteen at maka cause ito nang desgrasya sa mga
estudyante."
It is important to serve customers as fast as
possible because there is not much canteen on
campus, and to prevent stumbling on one another.
[a] His answer states that it is recommended to serve the canteen as
fast as possible. Furthermore, there is not much canteen around the
campus, so there might be many students buying into the same canteen. As
107
a consequence, this can result in stumping on one another.
he answered:
"Yan talaga ang dapat mas pinagtutu-unan ng
pansin noh o inuuna yung cleanliness kasi kung
madumi yang gina tinda mo naa pabay mupalit,
diba wala na? kay hugaw imong paninda wajuy
mupalit saimo and dapat isa sa important factors
jud is ang cleanliness kay para ma iwasan sab
nimo ang mga issue ug problem kay naay
possibilities nga ma sue jud ka."
It is critical to maintain the cleanliness of the
canteen because many people decide whether or
not to purchase a product based on its appearance.
For some reason, customers might sue the canteen.
[a] His answer states that many people base their decisions on whether
the food is worth buying or not based on the quality and appearance of the
product.

108
food from the canteen?, he answered:
"Just like I said earlier, if limpyo jud ang place kay
ma enganyo jud ka mupalit kay lami kaayo sa
mata pag limpyo jud ang lugar, and sa location
naman if example gutom na kaayo or naa kay
need paliton kay kung asa jud ang duol dira jud
ka mapalit kaysa mag layo-layo paka kung asa
mas convenient dira nalang jud ka mupalit pero
ang important factors jud for me is dapat limpyo
kay maskin duol pana pero hugaw bahalag sa layo
nalang jud ko mupalit kaysa magsakit akong tiyan
kay naa ras duol, diba?"
If it's close, you should buy instead of going far
away, but the important factors for me is that it
should be clean, even if it's close, but if it's dirty, I'll
buy from a distance instead of buying there.
[a] His answer states that if the area is clean, it will entice customers
to purchase their product. Furthermore, Location should be considered, as it

109
helps you purchase right away.
What role does the price of food Importance of lowering the price of food. Some of the students cannot afford to Factors that teachers
play in the teacher's decision- purchase the goods because of their recommend for
making process? price. improving
How important is the quality of If you are buying food, it is important that It is important to consider whether the Recommendation for
food when deciding whether to the food is healthy and clean because this food is healthy and worth buying. health
purchase food from the canteen? is the only way to determine if the food is
worth purchasing.
Are you influenced by the variety I'm not influenced by the food sold in the He brings his own food, so he is not Suggestion for
of food options available in the canteen. I have my own food to eat, but influenced by purchasing it, but for inflation
canteen? sometimes, if I am so hungry, the canteen some reason, if he is hungry, the
is my choice. canteen is his only go-to.
How important is the nutritional The canteen needs to sell food that The canteen should sell goods that are Recommendation for
value of the food when making contains nutritional value for the students nutritious and also serve healthy and health
purchasing decisions in the and other customers buying it. clean goods for the students because,
canteen? mostly, students are buying in the
canteen, so it is needed to serve good
quality as it is.
How important is speed of It is important to serve customers as fast it is recommended to serve the canteen Factors that teachers
service in purchasing food in the as possible because there is not much as fast as possible. Furthermore, there recommend for
school canteen? canteen on campus, and to prevent is not much canteen around the improving
stumbling on one another. campus, so there might be many
students buying into the same canteen.
As a consequence, this can result in
stumping on one another.
How do you consider the It is critical to maintain the cleanliness of Many people base their decisions on Factors that teachers
cleanliness and hygiene of the the canteen because many people decide whether the food is worth buying or not recommend for
canteen when making whether or not to purchase a product based on the quality and appearance of improving
purchasing decisions? based on its appearance. For some reason, the product.
customers might sue the canteen.
How does location, convenience, If it's close, you should buy instead of If the area is clean, it will entice Factors that teachers
and ambiance affect your going far away, but the important factors customers to purchase their product. recommend for
decision-making when for me is that it should be clean, even if Furthermore, Location should be improving
purchasing food from the it's close, but if it's dirty, I'll buy from a considered, as it helps you purchase
canteen? distance instead of buying there. right away.

110
of goods.(CQ#3)
the school canteen be improved?", he answered:
"Para ma maipapabuti ang kalinisan nang canteen
nang paaralan ay be responsible kong saan itatapon
ang mga basura."
In order to show the cleanliness of the school canteen,
be responsible with your garbage.
[a] His answer states that to show the cleanliness of the school, you, as
a student or a teacher, should be responsible for your trash. Throw it where
it should be thrown, not everywhere but in the right place.
make them more affordable for students?, he answered:
"Ang presyo dili kaayo friendly para sa amoa, 'kay.

111
And then, ang canteen mismo... ang ayos ng
canteen. At lower the prices para affordable namn
sab."
The price is not very friendly for us, 'kay. And then,
the canteen itself... the canteen is fine. And lower
the prices to make it affordable as well.
[a] His answer states that the price itself is not very friendly because of
inflation, which has caused the price of many products to increase,
especially goods.
students?, he answered:
"Malapit dapat sa amin, hindi gaano kalapit
yun madali lng puntahan ay para makabili
kami at hindi hasol sa amo time."
The canteen need close to us; it's not like it's
very close to us, just like we can buy the food
without getting late.
[a] His answer states that the canteen should be near them, but it's
not like it's near them; they can just buy the goods without getting late.
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the food in the school canteen be improved?, he answered:
"I suggest para mas mag improve yung food
nila is dapat talaga more on nutritional like
may vegetables talaga, hindi naman dapat
lagyan ng marami kasi we know naman noh na
may ibang students na hindi gakain ng
vegetables pero gumawa sila ng pagkain na
kaaya-aya paden or pang sub for example is
patty pwede gulay like repolyo ba lagyan lang
ng pampalasa para mag lasang patty, then mga
drinks pwede fruits shake ba or milk shake
para healthy paden yung gina serve nila sa
mga students."
Suggestion of improving the food by selling
nutritious food like vegetables and healthy food
like milkshakes.
[a] His answer states that the canteen should sell nutritious and
healthy food for the students.

113
students' preferences?, he answered:
"Just like I said earlier na more on nutritional
foods or kaysa sa mga preservatives foods is mag
isip sila ng pwede isub na mas healthy, katulad ng
patty sa burger pwede mag create nalang sila then
ihalo nila repolyo ba tapos lagyan ng pampalasa
para talaga ma gustohan ng mga students tapos
healthy pa then sa mga bevarage naman pwede
milk shakes kasi madaming benefits yan lalo na
yung calcium tapos fruit drinks den napaka
daming benefits jan sa mga prutas-prutas. At
pwede den mga bibingka, biko, bitso-bitso ang
pwede ibenta na desserts kasi for sure maraming
students ang magugustohan yan."
Suggestion of selling likeable foods to attract
customers, and healthy food.
[a] His answer states that the canteen should sell goods that are more
sellable or that people always like. By selling those goods, the rate of
customers might get high, and the income would expand as people would
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always purchase what they liked and always maintain the nutritional value
and health of the goods.
improvement plans?, he answered:
"If maging aware talaga lahat ng teachers sa issue
sa school then mag meeting about that issues for
sure our opinions really matter, pero sa ngayon
okay pa naman lalo na sa cleanliness napag
tutuonan naman talaga ng pansin, pero sana
hindi umabot sa ganyan lalo na ngayon sa pricing
sa foods if magtaas pa lalo yan mapipilitan talaga
yung mga students na magbaon kasi napaka
mahal na, and for me teachers opinions does
really matter talaga."
Recommendation of gathering perspectives to solve
the problem of the campus.
[a] His answer states that teachers feedback is important to ensure the
improvement of the canteen and maintaining its standard.

115
How can the cleanliness of the In order to show the cleanliness of To show the cleanliness of the Recommendation for
school canteen be improved? the school canteen, be responsible school, you, as a student or a Health
with your garbage. teacher, should be responsible for
your trash. Throw it where it should
be thrown, not everywhere but in
the right place.
Are the prices of the food in the The price is not very friendly for us, The price itself is not very friendly Compliment of goods sold
school canteen reasonable? If not, 'kay. And then, the canteen itself... because of inflation, which has from the outside of the
what changes could be made to the canteen is fine. And lower the caused the price of many products campus
make them more affordable for prices to make it affordable as well. to increase, especially goods.
students?
What changes could be made to The canteen need close to us; it's not The canteen should be near them, Factors that teachers
the location of the school canteen like it's very close to us, just like we but it's not like it's near them; they recommend for improving
to make it more accessible to can buy the food without getting can just buy the goods without
students? late. getting late.
How can the quality of the food in Suggestion of improving the food by The canteen should sell nutritious Recommendation for
the school canteen be improved? selling nutritious food like vegetables and healthy food for the students. Health
and healthy food like milkshakes
What specific types of food should Suggestion of selling likeable foods The canteen should sell goods that Recommendation for
be offered in the school canteen to to attract customers, and healthy are more sellable or that people Health
cater to a wider range of students' food. always like. By selling those goods,
preferences? the rate of customers might get
high, and the income would expand
as people would always purchase
what they liked and always
maintain the nutritional value and
health of the goods.
How can feedback from other Recommendation of gathering Teachers feedback is important to Factors that teachers
teachers about the school canteen perspectives to solve the problem of ensure the improvement of the recommend for improving
be gathered and incorporated into the campus. canteen and maintaining its
improvement plans? standard.

116
117
Teacher 5
Teacher 5 is a woman who is dedicated to her job as a teacher at
DCNHS. She frequents the canteen and is constantly concerned about the
quality of the food and the hygiene of the institution. Inflation has also made
it difficult for her to pay for food at the canteen.
(CQ#1)
"Sa gawas jud ko gapamalit ug kaonon, kay atleast
biskang naay pagkamahal makasulit man pud.
Daghan pud kay chpices didtoa ba, maka-canvass
ka asa nimo mas-prefer."
The quality of items reflect the prices sold outside
school premises rather in school canteens. The
items may seem worthy and deserving with prices
indicated than the items sold at the school
canteens. There, the quality questioned the price.

118
[a] Her answer states that, compared to outside of premises, the foods
sold outside are much cheaper than those sold inside of premises. And
outside, there are many sellable products to choose from; ask what their
price is before purchasing.
"Tungod sa kamahalon sa mga palitinon karun,
mumahal sad jud ang baligya sa canteen. Kaso sa
ilahang serving, murag overpricing lang... dili na
akma sa presyo ba. Mas nigamay, mas nimahal —
na ning-ana na hinoon."
With the price increase affects the price of canteen
products by overpricing. It can be seen by looking at
the serving and amount of dish given, thus seem
worth-buying.
[a] Her answer states that because of increasing prices, many goods
are affected and are overpriced. Due to this reason, the serving of goods is
much smaller and becoming more expensive.

119
"Maaaring maapektuhan ng inflation ang presyo ng
school canteen, ibig sabihin, habang lumilipas ang
oras, mas magiging mahal ang mga bagay na inaalok
dito, dahilan para bumili ang ilang guro sa labas."
The more time passes, the more expensive the items
being offered here will be, causing some teachers to
buy outside.
[a] Her answer states that the more time passes, the more products or
goods become expensive. For this reason, many teachers buy outside the
campus.
"Hindi maganda ang pananaw ng mga guro
sa kalidad ng pagkain sa kantina ng
paaralan, hindi abot-kaya ang presyo, hindi
masustansya ang lokasyon ng canteen, at
hindi malusog ang mga pagkain na
kanilang ibinebenta."
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The price is not affordable, the location of the
canteen, and the foods that they sell is not
healthy.
[a] Her answer states that the price of the canteen is not affordable,
and the food is not healthy as it is.
[t] Complaint over the Inflation
she answered:
"Ang pagtaas ng presyo ay may mas malaking
epekto sa mga pagkain sa kantina kaysa sa
mga gamit sa paaralan dahil ang mga guro at
estudyante ay madalas na bumibili ng mga
pagkain."
Price increases have a greater impact on the
canteen's food.
[a] Her answer states that an increase in price has a big impact on the
canteen's goods. Some of the customers cannot afford it, which is why they
buy from outside the premises.

121
122
Describe the price of food in the The quality of items Her answer states that, Concern over
canteen compare to similar food reflect the prices sold compared to outside of the inflation
items sold outside the school outside school premises, the foods sold
premises? premises rather in outside are much cheaper
school canteens. The than those sold inside of
items may seem premises. And outside, there
worthy and deserving are many sellable products to
with prices indicated choose from; ask what their
than the items sold at price is before purchasing.
the school canteens.
There, the quality
questioned the price.
What impact does price With the price Because of increasing prices, Complaint to
increase have on the price of increase affects the many goods are affected and the canteen
canteen products? price of canteen are overpriced. Due to this
products by reason, the serving of goods
overpricing. It can be is much smaller and
seen by looking at the becoming more expensive.
serving and amount of
dish given, thus seem
worth-buying.
How has inflation affected the The more time passes, The more time passes, the Concern over
price of school canteen goods the more expensive more products or goods the inflation
over time? the items being offered become expensive. For this
here will be, causing reason, many teachers buy
some teachers to buy outside the campus.
outside.
What is the teachers The price is not The price of the canteen is Complaint to
perception/s of the quality of affordable, the not affordable, and the food is the canteen
food in the school canteen? location of the not healthy as it is.
canteen, and the foods
that they sell is not
healthy.
What are the specific canteen Price increases have a An increase in price has a big Concern over
products that are more affected greater impact on the impact on the canteen's the inflation
by increasing prices than canteen's food. goods. Some of the customers

123
others? cannot afford it, which is why
they buy from outside the
premises.
Factors that teachers consider when making decisions about
purchasing food (CQ#2)
"Malaking epekto talaga ang presyo sa choices
namin of what to buy. Like...we tend to buy goods
na sulit na. Uhm, kanang lami na jud makabarato
pa'ka kay biskang naa na'mi work...biskang
teachers na'mi, nagatipid paman gihapon mi"
The prices of goods play a huge impact of teachers
choice of food. However the profession, budgeting is
also a vital part for them to thrift and to save up.
Teachers usually take the foods that is affordable
yet fulfilling.
[a] Her answer states that the price of goods has a big impact on
teacher decision-making when purchasing. However, budgeting for them is
a vital part that helps them save up.

124
she answered:
"Importante jud... importante man jud na tan-
awon na'to ang quality sa products. Like I said
kaganina, need na presentable — kanang limpyo
ug lami tan-aw pa lang sa pagkaon ba. Lain kaayo
mugasto na lang ka, kanang murag gigamo-gamo
ba, di ba gang?"
We shall give importance to the quality of products
we tend to purchase. The pleasant-looking and
cleanliness of the goods take us to decide whether
it is worth to buy.
[a] Her answer states that it is important to view the quality of food
before purchasing it. By observing food, if it is good-looking and healthy, it
is surely worth it to buy.

125
"Ah, yes jud, gang... personally, dako jud
na...influence ang variety of food options. Para
dili pud jud siya makaumay, unya masakto
pud ang mga baligya accordance sa meals ba.
Puro man snacks naa, dapat naa pud for meals
— lunch, ana jud."
Variety of food options availability give a big
deal of an influence. It give off the feeling of
accessibility to other choices aside from snacks.
[a] Her answer states that having many choices for purchasing goods
gives you the influence to have access to a variety of choices aside from
snacks or any product.
"Actually, dili man healthy mostly ginabaligya
sa canteen. Pero gwapo jud ug recommend na
healthy ang pagkaon diha. Kanang mga gulay,
prutas or kaya sandwiches. Ang naa naman

126
jud sa canteen mga processed goods. "
School canteens are ruled to sell healthy
products to diminish the malnourishment and
aid hunger, although, the canteen does not
follow the particular policy. Nutrition value of
products can be expressed by selling off
vegetables and other side dishes that includes
vegetables, fruits and/or meat.
[a] Her answer states that canteens are required to sell healthy and
nutritious goods to reduce malnutrition and aid hunger among the students.
"Dugay kaayo kay daghan mamalit and then
gamay lang ang magserve. Luoy ang mga kuan,
mahuman na lang ang time sa recess wala pa
nahuman ug palit."
Among customers of school canteens, students
are most vulnerable to the slow speed of service.
Through just lining up and ordering, take too

127
much time since the indicate time does not even
a half an hour. Speed of service either hinder or
accommodates the need of a customer.
[a] Her answer states that she's complaining about slow service in the
canteen. Many customers, such as students, have a slow process of thinking
when purchasing foods for their appetite. Since the canteen is a power
source for students to intently boost their mental and physical health
throughout the day, many students purchase from the canteen, affecting the
slow services of the area.
she answered:
"Through the surroundings... environment, the
packaging pa jud, gi-unsa pag-serve. And, also sa
pag-category sa foods ba. Pati sa mga sauce pud.
Tapos... if preserve well jud ba ang products.
Though, dili kaayo makit-an ug matagaan ug
pansin ang utensils , ug containers atleast kanang
kuan siya hygienic ang place ug makit-an nimo na
limpyo ang food. Limpyo ug organize ang butngan
ug pagbutang."
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Teachers take consideration the environment,
preservation of the products and/or ingredients,
organization of the products, and
classification/categories of the products by
forecasting before being the product. Observing the
packaging and how it is serve.
[a] Her answer states that she considers the environment of the area,
the preservation of goods, even the ingredients and utensils if they are clean
enough to use for other people, and the packaging of goods and how it serves
customers.
"Kung sa location, kanang limpyo ug kanang
convenient for all ba. From students to teachers,
dili layo para dili time consuming. Angay pud na
kapag gwapo ang ambiance, very welcoming and
friendly... di na jud nimo need makipag-dotdot
para lang makapalit ka. Dili higang ba, alimuot."

129
The location should be convenient from students to
teachers. It is placed not that far from class
buildings and faculties because it can be time
consuming especially when at a short break. The
ambiance should be welcoming and friendly, open
spaced and well ventilated to attract.
[a] Her answer states that location should be convenient; it helps
customers purchase the goods without getting late. Ambiance: It should be a
friendly environment, open-spaced, as it is not very hot inside the canteen.
[t] Factors that teachers recommend for improving.

130
Sub-Question Participant's Answer Analysis Them
What role does the price The prices of goods play a huge impact of teachers The price of goods has a big impact on teacher Concern o
of food play in the choice of food. However the profession, budgeting is also decision-making when purchasing. However, inflation
teacher's decision- a vital part for them to thrift and to save up. Teachers budgeting for them is a vital part that helps them
making process? usually take the foods that is affordable yet fulfilling. save up.
How important is the We shall give importance to the quality of products we It is important to view the quality of food before Factors
quality of food when tend to purchase. The pleasant-looking and cleanliness purchasing it. By observing food, if it is good- teachers
deciding whether to of the goods take us to decide whether it is worth to looking and healthy, it is surely worth it to buy. recommen
purchase food from the buy. improving
canteen?
Are you influenced by the Variety of food options availability give a big deal of an Having many choices for purchasing goods gives Factors
variety of food options influence. It give off the feeling of accessibility to other you the influence to have access to a variety of teachers
available in the canteen? choices aside from snacks. choices aside from snacks or any product. recommend
improving
How important is the School canteens are ruled to sell healthy products to Canteens are required to sell healthy and Recommen
nutritional value of the diminish the malnourishment and aid hunger, nutritious goods to reduce malnutrition and aid for health
food when making although, the canteen does not follow the particular hunger among the students.
purchasing decisions in policy. Nutrition value of products can be expressed by
the canteen? selling off vegetables and other side dishes that includes
vegetables, fruits and/or meat.
How important is speed Among customers of school canteens, students are most She's complaining about slow service in the canteen. Factors
of service in purchasing vulnerable to the slow speed of service. Through just Many customers, such as students, have a slow teachers
food in the school lining up and ordering, take too much time since the process of thinking when purchasing foods for their recommen
appetite. Since the canteen is a power source for
canteen? indicate time does not even a half an hour. Speed of improving
students to intently boost their mental and physical
service either hinder or accommodates the need of a
health throughout the day, many students purchase
customer.
from the canteen, affecting the slow services of the
area.
How do you consider the Teachers take consideration the environment, preservation She considers the environment of the area, the Factors
cleanliness and hygiene of of the products and/or ingredients, organization of the preservation of goods, even the ingredients and teachers
the canteen when making products, and classification/categories of the products by utensils if they are clean enough to use for other recommend
purchasing decisions? forecasting before being the product. Observing the people, and the packaging of goods and how it serves improving
packaging and how it is serve. customers.

131
How does location, The location should be convenient from students to Location should be convenient; it helps customers Factors
convenience, and teachers. It is placed not that far from class buildings and purchase the goods without getting late. Ambiance: It teachers
ambiance affect your faculties because it can be time consuming especially when should be a friendly environment, open-spaced, as it recommend
decision-making when at a short break. The ambiance should be welcoming and is not very hot inside the canteen. improving
purchasing food from the friendly, open spaced and well ventilated to attract.
canteen?
Table 14. The Thematic Map of eacher 5's responses and recommendations regarding food
of goods.(CQ#3)
"Ma I-improve ito sa pamagitan ng pag linis sa paligid
palagi tsaka pag.. cover ng mga pagkain. ano
paman?.. pag lagay ng basura sa palagi kasi
maraming mga studyante na kahit saan lng tinatapon
yung mga basura tas subrang dumi tingnan kong
may basura ang palagi tsaka na aapektohan din ang
pagkain kaya imporante malinis ang palagid palagi."
Recommendation of always cleaning the place and
covering the food to prevent contamination; putting
trash cans around the canteen to prevent students
from throwing their garbage everywhere.
[a] Her answer states that it should always clean the area, cover the
food to prevent flies from coming to it, and lastly, put trash cans everywhere.
132
"Hindi, hindi reasonable, bakit?, kasi kahit
masasabi nating may sweldo tayo, siyempre
budget din tayo, di ba? Kaya hindi friendly ang
presyo para sa amin."
It is an unreasonable price because if they have a
salary, they also need to save.
[a] Her answer states that even if they have a salary, that does not
mean they can afford anything. They also need to save money for their
future.
"Para saakin, maglagay sila ng mga maliit lng na

133
canteen para malapit lang bumili yung mga
studyante at mga guro at madali nila ma kuha at
mabili yung mga pagkain na gusto nila binibili."
Recommendation of placing a small canteen in the
area that is far from the main canteen.
[a] Her answer states that placing a sub-canteen is beneficial for areas
that are far from the canteen because it saves time for them if they need to
eat. In their study, Ahmed et al. (2020) explore the significance of food
quality, pricing equity, and client retention in controlling service quality.
They stress the importance of food quality in ensuring consumer satisfaction
and retaining patronage. The authors contend that in order to properly
manage service quality, a comprehensive strategy is required, one that takes
into account not only food quality but also other elements like price fairness
and customer service. For the most part, Ahmed et al. (2020) stress the
importance of food quality, among other criteria, in controlling service
quality and maintaining clients.
the food in the school canteen be improved?
"Ang kalidad ng pagkain sa canteen ng paaralan
ay maaaring mapabuti sa pamamagitan ng

134
pagbebenta ng mga masusustansyang pagkain."
It is important to sell nutritious food in the canteen.
[a] Her answer states that it is important to sell nutritious foods in the
canteen because they are helpful for the mental and physical health
throughout the day.
"Ang canteen ay dapat mag-alok ng mga gulay at
prutas, Well, dahil iniisip din namin na dapat ay
kumain kami ng mga gulay at prutas sa isang
araw. At dapat din silang magbenta ng mga sopas,
salad² tulad ng talong, okra atbp. upang maakit
ang mga estudyante at guro."
Recommendation for selling fruit and vegetable
product.
[a] Her answer states that it is essential for selling nutritious and
healthy goods as it helps them, the students, have energy to complete the
class, and for teachers, it is important for them to complete the task.
135
"Ang mga guro ay may maraming mga plano para
sa kung paano mapabuti ang ating mga kantina
ng paaralan. Nangalap kami ng mga mungkahi
para sa pag-aayos ng pagkakasunud-sunod ng
mga canteen, ang presyo, at pagbebenta ng mga
masusustansyang pagkain para sa kapakanan ng
kapwa naming mga guro at estudyante."
Teachers have many recommendations for
improving and maintaining the proper way of
running the canteen. It is to ensure the healthiness
of the goods provided for the students and teachers.
[a] Her answer states that there are many statements that the teacher
wants to share with the canteen in order for them to improve and maintain
their way of running the business, to ensure the health of their customers,
and for the future of the campus.

136
Recommendation of teachers for improving the quality and affordability of goods.(Central Question#3)
How can the cleanliness of the Recommendation of always cleaning the It should always clean the area, Factors that
school canteen be improved? place and covering the food to prevent cover the food to prevent flies from teachers
contamination; putting trash cans coming to it, and lastly, put trash recommend for
around the canteen to prevent students cans everywhere. improving
from throwing their garbage everywhere.
Are the prices of the food in the It is an unreasonable price because if Even if they have a salary, that does Complaint to the
school canteen reasonable? If not, they have a salary, they also need to not mean they can afford anything. canteen
what changes could be made to save. They also need to save money for
make them more affordable for their future.
students?
What changes could be made to Recommendation of placing a small Placing a sub-canteen is beneficial Factors that
the location of the school canteen canteen in the area that is far from the for areas that are far from the teachers
to make it more accessible to main canteen. canteen because it saves time for recommend for
students? them if they need to eat. improving
How can the quality of the food in It is important to sell nutritious food in It is important to sell nutritious Recommendation
the school canteen be improved? the canteen. foods in the canteen because they for health
are helpful for the mental and
physical health throughout the day.
What specific types of food should Recommendation for selling fruit and It is essential for selling nutritious Recommendation
be offered in the school canteen vegetable product. and healthy goods as it helps them, for health
to cater to a wider range of the students, have energy to
students' preferences? complete the class, and for
teachers, it is important for them to
complete the task.
How can feedback from other Teachers have many recommendations There are many feedback that the Factors that
137
teachers about the school for improving and maintaining the teacher wants to share with the teachers
canteen be gathered and proper way of running the canteen. It is canteen in order for them to recommend for
incorporated into improvement to ensure the healthiness of the goods improve and maintain their way of improving
plans? provided for the students and teachers. running the business, to ensure the
health of their customers, and for
the future of the campus.
138
Chapter 5
Implications of the Study
This chapter introduces the implications and future directions of the
study regarding the deconstruction and interpretation of the transcript in
our in-depth interview with the teachers who have perceptions regarding the
food quality and prices in the canteen of Davao City National High School.
The findings of our study suggested that the teachers have different
responses based on their perspectives, ideas, and understandings of food
quality and prices in the canteen. This analysis showed that the participants
encountered challenges related to the food, which shows even more that food
quality is important to those teachers who work every hour on campus. It is
significant to those teachers because those foods can motivate them to be
efficient in their work, and it also depends on the price if the food is worth
buying.
These varied and subjective responses from the teachers contain
themes depending on the questions we have asked them, such as the feeling
of satisfaction when eating delicious and good-quality food, purchasing food
worth the money, or purchasing affordable food, and the importance of
consuming food. Those are some participants who have shared their
different challenges and experiences, particularly when purchasing food
based on its quality or its price. Their responses were subjective. But it helps
us analyze and reveal their perspective, ideas, and understanding of school

139
canteen food quality and prices. Their lived experiences of purchasing food
in the canteen have an impact on those sellers.
Because of the market inflation that is taking place in this generation,
food prices are rising. A certain product's price rising is referred to as
inflation. The demand for the good is the key contributor to inflation. Certain
products become more popular and fast-selling the more usable they are.
Their demand rises in direct proportion to how quickly they sell. Because of
this, some goods increase in price as a result of their production. Which is
why certain products become expensive due to their production. In regard to
the market, the cost of some items is solely based on their quality, while the
cost of ingredients is rising owing to their manufacture. Having a high-
quality product, like fruits or veggies, is what it means. The more expensive
things get, the harder it is to find high-quality goods at reasonable prices.
Due to this, buyers are having trouble making purchases for their
businesses. It is based on the sellable products' prices as well as their
quality. Customers may search for alternative items with such reasonable
pricing if the quality of their product is not so good-looking that it is not
pleasing to the sight of the customer and if the prices are high. Decision-
making is important since it can influence many parts of your business and
determine the viewpoint of your customers.
We currently live in a world where hearing other people's perspectives
can be beneficial. The viewpoint of other teachers in relation to the canteen
aids vendors in identifying what is lacking in their business. Everything

140
benefits from this, including the environment's cleanliness, the food given to
customers, the canteen's service, the food's sanitation, the cost of the food,
the establishment's location, and the sellers' ethical behavior. The teachers
who genuinely want to see a difference in the canteen were given these
important pieces of information.
Future Direction of the Study
To define school canteen, a school canteen, also known as a cafeteria
or dining hall, is a designated area within a school where students can
purchase and consume meals and snacks during school hours. It is run by
either school employees or a third-party caterer and is responsible for
making, serving, and selling a variety of foods and beverages to meet
students' preferences and dietary requirements. The functioning of a school
canteen involves several key elements, including a menu offering a range of
food choices, ordering and payment, food preparation, serving and
distribution, seating and eating, and regulations and policies. The canteen
staff ensures food safety and hygiene standards during the preparation
process and may also prepare off-site food. Once the food is ready, it is
served to students at the counter or through designated serving areas, with
an orderly distribution process using trays or lunch boxes. The canteen also
provides seating arrangements for students, with some schools having
designated areas for different grade levels or allowing students to choose
their seating arrangements. Regulations and policies are in place to ensure
the well-being of students, including guidelines on food types, portion sizes,
allergen management, and promoting healthy eating habits. The school

141
canteen serves as a social hub for students to interact, relax, and recharge
during their school day.
Furthermore, canteen in a school serves multiple purposes and holds
great importance within the school community. It provides students and
staff with access to nutritious meals and snacks, ensuring their dietary
needs are met. The canteen offers convenience by saving time and allowing
students to eat on campus during break periods. It serves as a social hub,
fostering interaction and community building among students. The canteen
can also be used as an educational tool, promoting healthy eating habits and
providing nutrition education. In addition, it can generate revenue for the
school, which can be used to improve educational resources and support
extracurricular activities. The canteen provides supervision and ensures food
safety and hygiene. It also accommodates students with special dietary
requirements, fostering inclusivity. Overall, a well-managed canteen
enhances the educational experience, promotes well-being, and contributes
to a positive school atmosphere.
When purchasing food at the canteen of Davao City National High
School, one experiences a roller coaster of emotions and perceptions that
can leave one feeling both rich and poor simultaneously. The initial feeling of
wealth is quickly overshadowed by the reality of financial constraints,
leaving one feeling somewhat poor. The disappointment stemming from high
prices, inadequate portions, and poor food quality is hard to ignore.

142
However, this experience also offers an opportunity for growth, as one
considers alternatives and develops resourceful strategies to make the most
of their limited resources. The initial rush of feeling rich subsides as one
realizes that their financial circumstances are beyond their means. The
fantasy of wealth fades away, and the allure of seeming wealthy is only
temporary. The disappointment doesn't stop at the prices alone; portion
sizes are disappointingly small, emphasizing the disparity between what you
expected and what you received. The matter of taste and quality is also a
concern for discerning food critics. As they take a bite, they hope for
something exceptional but find it falls short. The initial illusion of wealth
and luxury gives way to the reality of financial constraints, and the
dissatisfaction stemming from the high prices and subpar food quality
intertwines with their newfound role as a discerning food critic. This
experience fosters introspection and resourcefulness, as one questions the
fairness of the canteen's pricing structure and the value they receive in
return.
Research's Insight
It is important that food quality in the canteen is being observed
because it directly affects the consumers', especially teachers and students,
health and nutrition if ever it serve unhealthy items whether in cheaper
price. Additionally, there are factors intended to be acknowledge regarding
the products sold at the school canteen, such as cleanliness, environment,
location and price. These are aimed for consumers easy decision-making of
whether an item is worth to buy or justly not.

143
As researchers have had conducted the interviews among respective
participants, several fragments have been proposed at front, moreover, to
critically acclaimed to endorse fresh resolutions that must have taken into
action. In the duration of the study's interview, researchers met viewpoints
of professionals, educator, regards to the food quality and the effects of
inflation rates towards small grounds, that includes the school canteen.
These particulars made it way to the back of our minds to credit their
responses aiming to be aid by a resolution. The school canteen management
disclosed the justified claims of educators. The management reflected the
objections in terms of food quality and prices. The encounters have been
quite draining, thus, consumed efforts and time. However, researchers
create a good relation with the participants. Their sides are showned with
robust personalities that yet still abide in a softest way.
This study teaches readers how to manage their finances based on
purchasing the product. There are many factors that determine if they are
worth buying or not. The main factors in purchasing the product are,
mostly, quality. The quality of food is considered to be helpful in how we see
the product itself; if it is not good-looking or pleasing to the eye, it is not
worth it to purchase. It simple on how make decide based on appreance.
Additionally, for some reason, people also look at the nutritional chart on the
back of the product. By checking if it is healthy, even if it is expensive. It is
worth purchasing. To maintain health, it is vital to ensure that your body
needs what it needs on a daily basis, so checking is one of the crucial factors
144
for most people. Price is the most important factor for customers. It implies
that if the product is cheaper, it is worth it considering the factors of quality
and nutritional value. The price determines whether or not a product should
be purchased.
Focusing on the main topic of the study. Canteens are one of the most
affected by inflation. Due to this problem, many customers around the
campus cannot purchase it due to their financial status. And mostly
students and teachers are most affected by it. Teachers, even if they have a
monthly salary, also need to save for their daily needs. By purchasing the
canteen, it is difficult for them to make a decision because of the increasing
prices. For some reason, teachers bought their own meals to save money
instead of buying them. For students, it is hard to make the decision to buy
because not many of them have the finances to cover their appetite. Even
teachers and students struggle to purchase the product. So the researchers
made this study to elaborate on how to save money despite inflation. On how
we can save up and how we can make decisions for purchasing. We hope
that this study would helps you to make a decision about whether it is
important to purchase or not.

145
APPENDIX A
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157
APPENDIX C
Curriculum Vitae
Name: Giovanne T. Chan

Address: San Rafael Duha Davao City
Email: giovannechan@gmail.com
Contact no: 09264468148
A. Personal Information
Birthday: Sept 26, 2005
Birthplace: Camiguin
Gender: Male
Status: Single
Religion: Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Height: N/A
Weight: N/A
Father’s Name: George Chan
Mother’s Name: Mary Jane Tabigne
B. Educational Background
School
Junior high School: Davao City National High School
Elementary School: Wireless Elem. School
C. Additional Background
Hobbies and Interest:
-Chess
-Exercise
158
Curriculum Vitae
Name: Shaina Joy C. Veneracion

Address: Ecoland D.C.
Email: shainaveneracion113@gmail.com
Contactno: 09656849959
Birthday: Feb 2 2006
Birthplace: Davao City
Gender: Female
Status: In relationship
Religion: Christian
Height: 5’3
Weight: 63
Father’s Name: Alonzo Veneracion
Mother’s Name: Robelyn Corcuera
SCHOOL
Junior high School: DCNHS
Elementary School: Kabacan Elementary School
-Writing Poems
159
Curriculum Vitae
Name: Rovic B. Andales

Address: Brgy 10-A Duha San Rafael
Email: rovicandales@gmail.com
Contact no: 09510369294
Birthday: May 31,2006
Height: 5'6
Weight: 59
Gender: ladyboy
Status: single
Father’s Name: Rodrigo B. Andales
Mother’s Name: Rosalie B. Andales
Religion: Christian
SCHOOL
Junior high School: San Francisco National high school
Elementary School: Kapitan thomas monteverde Sr. Central elementary
school
-Eating
-Playing online games
160
Curriculum Vitae
Name: Quinco, Redd Hans

Address: Don Lorenzo Homes Phase 2 Blk 17 Lot 12 Toril Davao City
Email: reddhansquinco@gmail.com
Contact no: 09514154683
Birthday: September 7, 2005
Height: 5'6
Birthplace: Brokenshire Hospital
Weight: 49 kg
Gender: Male
Status: Single
Father’s Name: N/A
Mother’s Name: Mildred P. Quinco
Religion: Baptist
SCHOOL
Elementary School: San Roque Elementary School
Hobbies and Interest: Playing video games
161
Curriculum Vitae
Name: Rine Huxley Senior Pantil

Address: Brgy 76-A Saint Jhon, Tahimik Street Bucana Davao City
Email: rinehuxleyp@gmail.com
Contact no: 09971658482
Birthday: September 17 2006
Gender: Male
Status: Single
Height: 4'5
Weight: 49
Father’s Name: Ricky Y. Pantil
Mother’s Name: Nenita S. Pantil
Religion: INC
SCHOOL
Junior high School: Davao City National Highschool
Elementary School: Magallanes Elementary School
-Sleeping
-Online games
162
Curriculum Vitae
Name: Vergara, Nikko M.

Address: Lower Madapo Davao City
Email: nikkovergara45@gmail.com
Contact no: 09639052204
Birthday: July 23, 2004
Height: 5'8
Birthplace: Brokenshire Hospital
Weight: 50 kg
Gender: Male
Status: Single
Father’s Name: Roque L. Vergara Sr.
Mother’s Name: Aileen M. Vergara
Religion: United Pentecostal
SCHOOL
Elementary School: Doña Pilar Elementary School
-Playing Video Games
163
Curriculum Vitae
Name: Luces, Aubrey E.

Address: Lawaan Alley Upper Exodus , Brgy. 8 - A, Davao City
Email: blackskynaphatali@gmail.com
Contact no: 09366176078
Birthday: April 30, 2005
Gender: Female
Status: Single
Height: 5'1
Weight: 45 kg
Father’s Name: Jason D. Luces
Mother’s Name: Deceased
Religion: Roman Catholic
SCHOOL
Junior high School: Davao City National High School — Annex, Madapo
Campus
Elementary School: Wireless Elementary School
- Painting
- Songwriting
- Writing
- Reading
- Producing Music
164
Curriculum Vitae
Name: Hugh Dwayne S. Autida

Address: 142 Star Cross St. Davao Farm Village Lanang Davao
City
Email: autidahughdwayne@gmail.com
Contact no: 09932990884
Birthday: August 10, 2006

Height: N/A
Weight: N/A
Gender: Male
Status: Single
Father’s Name: N/A
Mother’s Name: Mae Ann I. Seno
Religion: Catholic
SCHOOL
Elementary School: Kapitan Tomas Monteverde Sr. Central Elementary
School
Hobbies and Interest: Reading Books

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1

Exploring the perceptions of teachers on the quality and increase of food

Presented to the faculty of

In a partial fulfillment for the requirements in Grade 11

Mr. Jeffer Dadula

"Exploring the Perceptions of Teachers on the Quality and Increase of

aimed to understand the insights of the educators to reflect a resolution to

their corresponding complaints regarding the food quality and management

performed in the school canteens. This study applied Phenomenology

research design with teachers to collect qualitative data; thus, it conducted

The findings were presented in six themes, namely: "Complaint to the

Canteen", "Compliment of Goods Sold from the Outside of the Campus",

"Concern over the Inflation", "Recommendation for Health", "Suggestion for

the perceived resolutions to implement for management development. These

of overpriced products, appropriate packaging, and attracting consumers

with enthusiasm. This research recommends making amends with the

wants. According to sentiments among participants, the projecting

development must be thoroughly examined to foresee the overlooked

violations against nutritional growth that the canteen has committed,

In our pursuit of knowledge, we begin on a path that is frequently

support and inspiration of extraordinary people that we may endure and

accomplish greatness. This research paper honors the essential

We dedicate this work to our families, whose love and encouragement

settle for mediocrity. You have instilled in us a sense of purpose and

determination as a result of your sacrifices and continuous support.

We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to our friends who

us of the value of friendship and shared experiences.

We owe an incalculable debt of appreciation to our mentors and

advisors, whose knowledge and advice transformed us into the researchers

we are today. Your guidance, support, and constructive criticism have

has given us the confidence and inventiveness to solve complicated

We express our heartfelt gratitude to the innumerable individuals who

have contributed in a variety of ways, whether through thought-provoking

beyond our own expectations.

This research report is an homage to all of you—the foundation of our

success and the essence of teamwork. Your unwavering support, sacrifices,

We respectfully dedicate our research to each and every one of you as we

and steadfast support.

influence you have had on our lives.

We would like to express our sincere appreciation to everyone who has

contributed to the successful completion of this research project. All thanks

research,which makes us happy. Although it is challenging for us to finish,it

is worthwhile, and we learn a lot. We are delighted to extend our sincere

preparation. We appreciate Sir Jefferey Dadula's guidance in helping us

work, particularly for supporting us through the tough times.

Furthermore, we would like to acknowledge and express our gratitude

to the members who have been instrumental in the completion of this

research. Their dedication and hard work have contributed significantly to

we would like to recognize the contributions of our colleagues who assisted

us in various aspects of the research, including data analysis, literature

invaluable, and we are deeply appreciative of their efforts. We are grateful to

commitment and their contributions to this project. Their expertise, support,

and cooperation have been essential in achieving our objectives and

overcoming the challenges we faced. Collectively, we acknowledge the

possible without their collaboration and dedication.

Lastly, we would like to give thanks to the numerous individuals—the

educators that have participated enthusiastically—who have provided

assistance, resources, or encouragement in various forms. Their

contributions, however small, have collectively played a significant role in

who have helped us navigate through the intricacies of research, provided