Mathematics in the Modern World (LAPs 2-3 Content Summary) an = 2n + 6?

LAP 2 10. Find the sum of the first 10 terms of the arithmetic sequence
Fibonacci Sequence given that: an = 2n + 6
The sequence is 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, … was discovered by an Italian
Mathematician named Leonard Bigollo Pisano who is known in Geometric sequences - is an ordered set of numbers that
mathematical history by several names: Leonardo of Pisa and progresses by multiplying or dividing each term by a common
Fibonacci. ratio.
Rule of Fibonacci Sequence Ex. 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, … r=2
The Fibonacci Sequence can be written as a "Rule". The terms are 1, −3, 9, −27, ___, ___, ___, … r = ___
numbered from 0 onwards like this: 1, 0.5, 0.25, ___, ___, ___, … r = ___
Formulas:
n= 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ... Nth term 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 × 𝑟 (𝑛−1) 𝑟≠0
Fn = 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 ... 𝑎1 (1 − 𝑟 𝑛 )
Nth partial sum 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑟≠1
1−𝑟
From the array above, term number or when n = 6, that is 𝑎𝑛
Common ratio 𝑟=
F6 = 8. So, the Rule can be written as: Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2 𝑎𝑛−1
where: Fn is the “n” term
Fn-1 is the previous term (n−1) SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
Fn-2 is the term before that (n−2) 1. What is the 10th term of the geometric sequence 8, 4, 2, 1, …?
Example: Find the 8th term of Fibonacci sequence: 2. What is the 6th term of the sequence: 4, 8, 16, …?
F8 = F7 + F6 = 13 + 8 = 21 3. Given a1 = −4 and r = 4, solve for the 8th term.
4. Find the sum of the first five terms of the geometric series 6, 12,
Nth term of Fibonacci Sequence Formula: 24, …
(1 + √5)𝑛 − (1 − √5)𝑛 5. Find the sum of the first seven terms of a geometric sequence
𝐹𝑛 =
2𝑛 √5 whose first term is 3, and the common ratio is 4.
Example: Find the 10th term of the Fibonacci sequence 6. Find the sum of the ten terms if the first term is 4, and the
(1 + √5)10 − (1 − √5)10 common ratio is −2.
𝐹10 =
210 √5 Harmonic sequences – a sequence of numbers such that the
𝑭𝟏𝟎 = 𝟓𝟓 difference between the reciprocals of any two consecutive terms
is constant. Formed by taking reciprocals of arithmetic sequence.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS: 1 1 1 1 1
1. The 11th and 12th term of the Fibonacci sequence is 89 and 144 Ex. 5 , 10 , 15 , 20 , 25 , …
respectively, what is the 13th term? 1 1 1 1
, , 10 , 13 , 16 , …
1
4 7
2. Find the 25th term of the Fibonacci sequence: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, ...
3 3 1 3 3
3. The 16th term of the Fibonacci sequence is 987, and the 14th , , 3 , 11 , 13 , …
5 7
term is 377. What is the 15th term?
LAP 3
4. Find the 32nd term of the Fibonacci sequence. Mathematical Language and Symbols
5. Solve for the 41st term of the Fibonacci sequence. Mathematics as a language has symbols to express a formula or to
Revisiting Other Common Types of Number Sequence represent a constant. It has syntax to make the expression well-
A number sequence is a set of numbers that follow a particular formed to make the characters and symbols clear and valid that
pattern or rule to get from term to term. do not violate the rules. Language of mathematics are
characterized as:
Arithmetic sequences - is an ordered set of numbers that have a Precise – able to make fine distinctions
common difference between each term. Concise – able to say things briefly
Ex. 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, … d=6 Powerful – able to express complex thoughts with relative ease
5, 9, 13, 17, ___, ___, ___, … d = _____
1 4 7 Variables - a symbol (usually a letter) standing in for an unknown
, , , 2, ___, ___, ___, … d = _____
5 5 5 numerical value in an equation or an algebraic expression.
Formulas: Different Types of Variables
Nth term 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 Dependent Variables - a variable whose value is determined by
𝑛 the quantity another variable takes.
𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]
Sum of n terms 2 Independent Variables - is one whose values are unaffected by
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 ] changes.
2 Order of Operations
Common difference 𝑑 = 𝑎𝑛 − 𝑎𝑛−1 BODMAS – Brackets, Order (of indices), Division & Multiplication,
Addition & Subtraction
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
PEMDAS – Parenthesis, Exponents, Multiplication & Division,
1. Find the 17th term in the sequence: 16, 25, 34, 43, …
Addition & Subtraction
2. Find the 31st term in the sequence: 9, 14, 19, 24, …
1 5 9 13
3. Given the sequence: 8 , 8 , 8 , , … Find the 23rd term. Symbols Commonly Used in Mathematics
8
4. What is the 16th term of the sequence: −11, −6, −1, 4, …? + add ≈ approximately equal to
5. Find the sum of the first 20 terms of the arithmetic series if the – subtract ≠ not equal to
1st and 20th terms are 5 and 62 respectively. × multiply <,≤ less than, less than or equal
6. Find the sum of the first 40 terms of the sequence: 2, 5, 8, 11, …
÷,/ divide >,≥ greater than, greater than or equal to
7. Find the sum of the first 23 terms of the arithmetic sequence:
8, −2, −12, −22, −32, … π pi √ square root (radical)
8. Find the sum of the first 8 terms of the arithmetic sequence if ∞ infinity ⁰ degrees
a1 = 3 and a8 = 80 = equals ∴ therefore
9. What is the 5th term of the arithmetic sequence given that