Chandra Ya An

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Chandrayaan-3 leaves earth’s orbit, heads towards moon: ISRO

Launched on July 14, Chandrayaan-3 is set to become India’s first spacecraft to make a soft landing on
the moon.
(https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/chandrayaan-3-leaves-earths-orbit-heads-
towards-moon-isro-8870372/)
After remaining in the earth orbit for two weeks, India’s Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft moved into
the translunar orbit in the early hours of Tuesday, beginning its journey towards the moon.
“Next stop: the moon”, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) said in a tweet.
The spacecraft will cover the distance to the moon in about four days. On August 5, it will enter
lunar orbit and start going around the moon, much like it has been going around the earth until
now. It will slowly get into lower and lower orbit around the moon before obtaining a circular
orbit of 100 km. It is from this circular orbit that the final descent of the lander and rover
module will happen around August 23.
Launched on July 14, Chandrayaan-3 is set to become India’s first spacecraft to make a soft
landing on the moon. India’s previous attempt, with Chandrayaan-2 in 2019, had failed to make
a successful landing.
The spacecraft will spend the next 18 days or so going around the moon and reducing the
velocity and orbit in preparation for the landing. The final orbit of the integrated spacecraft
would be 100*100km around the moon. The lander rover will then separate from the
propulsion module and descend to the surface.
Instead of shooting directly for the moon, the current and previous Indian missions have taken
the help of the earth’s gravity to increase the velocity by going around it and increasing the
orbit slowly.
The landing site selected for the mission is just slightly off the one chosen for Chandrayaan-2.
The spacecraft will land at 69.36oS and 32.34oE, near the moon’s southern pole. This region
was selected as several craters remain permanently in shade, and can be the storehouse of
water ice and precious minerals.
Chandrayaan-2, which was also designed to achieve these objectives, crash-landed just 2.1 km
from the surface. To ensure the success of the current mission, several changes were made,
such as sturdier legs for the lander, one less engine on it to ensure appropriate thrust, more
solar panels on its surface, and the option for it to land anywhere on a larger 4km*2.4km area.
Explaining the reason for the failure of Chandrayaan-2 in its last leg, ISRO chairman S Somanath
had said the five engines on the lander developed a slightly higher thrust than expected.
Although still within parameters, these errors accumulated during the period the lander had to
remain stable. The lander clicked pictures during the descent to determine the landing site.
When the course corrections began, the spacecraft needed to turn very fast but its ability to
turn was limited by its software. The spacecraft faced contradictory requirements of slowing
down the velocity at which it was coming down but accelerating forward in order to reach the
correct landing site. So, when it did land, it hit the ground with a higher velocity.
If soft landing is achieved, India will become the fourth country after the US, Russia, and China
to do so. It will also be the first soft landing near the moon’s southern pole. With Chandrayaan-
1, India had dropped a moon impact probe closer still to the south pole at 89.7oS near
Shackleton crater.
 Overall Text Summary – Manually prepared

India's Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft has begun its journey towards the moon after spending two
weeks in Earth orbit. It will reach the moon in four days, enter lunar orbit on August 5, and
gradually descend to a circular orbit of 100 km. The spacecraft aims to achieve India's first
successful soft landing on the moon, unlike the previous attempt with Chandrayaan-2 in 2019.
Over the next 18 days, the spacecraft will adjust its orbit and velocity in preparation for the
landing. Finally, the lander and rover module will separate from the propulsion module and
descend to the moon's surface from the 100*100 km orbit.
The current and previous Indian missions used Earth's gravity to increase their velocity before
reaching the moon. The landing site for the current mission is near the moon's southern pole,
chosen for its potential water ice and valuable minerals. Chandrayaan-2 failed in its last leg due
to engine errors and software limitations during course corrections. The current mission made
improvements for success, including sturdier legs, better thrust control, and more solar panels.
If successful, India will become the fourth country to achieve a soft landing on the moon and
the first near the moon's southern pole.
 Overall Text summary – Prepared by AI based tool (ChatGPT) :-

Chandrayaan-3, India's spacecraft, began its journey to the moon from Earth orbit, aiming for a
soft landing near the moon's southern pole. It will take about four days to reach the moon and
enter a circular orbit of 100 km. The mission learned from Chandrayaan-2's failure, making
changes for success, and utilizing Earth's gravity to increase velocity. The landing site was
chosen for potential water ice and minerals in shaded craters. If successful, India will be the
fourth country to achieve a soft landing on the moon and the first near the southern pole.

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Chandrayaan-3 leaves earth’s orbit, heads towards moon: ISRO

 Overall Text Summary – Manually prepared

 Overall Text summary – Prepared by AI based tool (ChatGPT) :-

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