IPS-E-IN-120

ENGINEERING STANDARD

FOR

TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTS
 IPS-E-IN-120

CONTENTS : PAGE No.

1. SCOPE ..................................................................................................................................... 4
2. REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................... 4

3. UNITS ....................................................................................................................................... 5
4. GENERAL ................................................................................................................................ 5
5. FILLED SYSTEM AND BIMETALLIC DIAL THERMOMETERS............................................ 6
6. RESISTANCE TYPE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT....................................................... 7

7. THERMOCOUPLES .................................................................................................................. 8
8. THERMOWELLS AND POCKETS FOR TEMP. DETECTING ELEMENTS
........................ 10
9. TEMPERATURE TRANSMISSION........................................................................................ 11

10. TEMPERATURE INDICATING, RECORDING AND

CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS ......................................................................................... 12

11. RADIATION-TYPE PYROMETERS...................................................................................... 13

12. OPTICAL PYROMETERS.................................................................................................... 13

FIGURES :

1 THERMOCOUPLE ELEMENTS........................................................................................ 15
2 THERMOCOUPLE ELEMENT WITH TERMINAL BLOCK.............................................. 15
3 THERMOCOUPLE ELEMENT WITH CONNECTION HEAD........................................... 15

4 CONNECTION HEAD........................................................................................................ 15
5 PROTECTING TUBE......................................................................................................... 16
6 PROTECTING TUBE WITH MOUNTING BUSHING....................................................... 16
7 PROTECTING TUBE WITH MOUNTING FLANGE......................................................... 16

8 THERMOCOUPLE ELEMENT WITH PROTECTING TUBE

AND CONNECTION HEAD .............................................................................................. 16

9 OPEN END PROTECTING TUBE ................................................................................... 16

10 WELL................................................................................................................................. 16
11 THERMOCOUPLE ASSEMBLY WITH THERMOWELL................................................... 16

12 IMMERSION AND INSERTION LENGTHS FOR THERMOCOUPLE

ASSEMBLY WITH THERMOWELL .................................................................................. 17

13 BASIC BRIDGE CIRCUIT ................................................................................................ 18

14 CIRCUIT FOR 2-WIRE ................................................................................................... 18

15 CIRCUIT FOR 3-WIRE ................................................................................................... 18

1
 IPS-E-IN-120

16 CIRCUIT FOR 4-WIRE ..................................................................................................... 18

17 BRIDGE (2-WIRE SYSTEM) ............................................................................................ 18
18 BRIDGE (SIMPLE 3-WIRE SYSTEM)............................................................................... 18

19 BRIDGE(4-WIRE-COMPENSATED SYSTEM) ................................................................... 18

20 DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM................................................................................................. 20
21 DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM WITH FULL CONDUCTOR
RESISTANCE COMPENSATION ....................................................................................... 18
22 TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION OF RESISTANCE THERMOMETER SENSOR................. 19
23 FOUR-TERMINAL SENSING............................................................................................ 19

24 KELVIN DOUBLE BRIDGE (MODIFIED)......................................................................... 19

25 RIGID STEM MOUNTING (BACK, BOTTOM, SIDE OR
TOP CAPILLARY ENTRY) ............................................................................................... 20
26 FLUSH MOUNTINGS........................................................................................................ 20
27 SURFACE MOUNTING WITH BOTTOM CAPILLARY ENTRY..................................... 24

28 BRACKET MOUNTING WITH BOTTOM CAPILLARY ENTRY..................................... 24

29.1 AVERAGE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT WITH
THERMOCOUPLES ........................................................................................................... 21
29.2 TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE MEASUREMENT WITH
THERMOCOUPLES ........................................................................................................... 21

30.1 TYPICAL FLANGED THERMOWELL INSTALLATION.................................................... 22

30.2 TYPICAL SCREWED THERMOWELL INSTALLATION................................................... 23
31 TEMPERATURE RANGES FOR FILLED SYSTEM THERMOMETERS......................... 28

32 TYPICAL FIRE BOX THERMOCOUPLE INSTALLATIONS............................................ 31

33 KNIFE EDGE TUBE SURFACE THERMOCOUPLE FOR HEATER TUBE.................. 32
34 CASE COMPENSATIONS ................................................................................................ 33
35 CASE AND CAPILLARY COMPENSATION.................................................................... 33

TABLES :

1 OPERATING TEMPERATURE OF RESISTANCE

THERMOMETER SENSING RESISTORS ....................................................................... 24

2 APPROXIMATE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESISTANCE RATIO

AND TEMPERATURE FOR METALLIC SENSING RESISTORS ................................... 25

3 APPLICATION DATA FOR FILLED MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS................................. 26

4 CLASSES OF THERMAL SYSTEMS IN GENERAL USE ............................................ 27

5 THERMOCOUPLE TYPE LETTER DESIGNATIONS...................................................... 29

2
 IPS-E-IN-120

6 COLOR CODE-DUPLEX INSULATED THERMOCOUPLE WIRE................................... 29

7 COLOR CODE-SINGLE CONDUCTOR INSULATED
THERMOCOUPLE EXTENSION WIRE............................................................................. 29
8 COLOR CODE-DUPLEX INSULATED THERMOCOUPLE
EXTENSION WIRE ............................................................................................................ 30

DATA SHEETS :

FORM No. E-IN-120 1a TEMP. INST. (POTENTIOMETER

PYROMETER & RESISTANCE) ...................................................... 36
FORM No. E-IN-120 1b TEMP. INST. (POTENTIOMETER
PYROMETER & RESISTANCE) ...................................................... 37
FORM No. E-IN-120 2a TEMP. INST. (FILLED SYSTEM)..................................................... 40

FORM No. E-IN-120 2b TEMP. INST. (FILLED SYSTEM).................................................... 41

FORM No. E-IN-120 3a TERMOCOUPLES AND THERMOWELLS........................................ 44
FORM No. E-IN-120 3b TERMOCOUPLES AND THERMOWELLS....................................... 45

FORM No. E-IN-120 4a RESISTANCE TEMP. SENSORS..................................................... 45

FORM No. E-IN-120 4b RESISTANCE TEMP. SENSORS..................................................... 48
FORM No. E-IN-120 5a INDICATING BIMETAL THERMOMETERS...................................... 50
FORM No. E-IN-120 5b INDICATING BIMETAL THERMOMETERS...................................... 49

FORM No. E-IN-120 6 TEMPERATURE SWITCHES.............................................................. 53

3
 IPS-E-IN-120

1. SCOPE

This Standard represents the minimum and general Engineering requirements for different types of temperature meas-
urement and control instruments, which are used widely in oil, gas and petrochemical industries.

Temperature instruments will be discussed in this standard within nine different sections, which are as follow:

1) General.
2) Filled System and Bimetallic Dial Thermometers.
3) Resistance Type Temperature Measurement.
4) Thermocouples.
5) Thermowells and Pockets of Thermometers.
6) Temperature Transmitters.
7) Temperature Indicating, Recording and Controlling Instruments.
8) Radiation-type pyrometers
9) Optical pyrometers

For custody transfer temperature measurement reference to be made to chapter 7 of API’S manual of petroleum meas-
urement standards.

2. REFERENCES

Throughout this Standard the following standards and codes are referred to. The editions of these standards and codes
that are in effect at the time of publication of this standard shall, to the extent specified herein, form a part of this Stan-
dard. The applicability of changes in standards and codes that occur after the date of this standard shall be mutually
agreed upon by the company and the vendor:

API (AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE)

RP-550, Part I, Section 3: "Temperature"

RP-550, Part III, "Fired Heaters and Inert Gas Generators"
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 7: "Temperature Determination"

ASTM (AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS)

"STP 470 B Manual on use of Thermocouples in Temperature Measurement"

ANSI (AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD INSTITUTE)

"B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings"

"ISA/MC 96.1 Temperature Measurement Thermocouples"

ASME (AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS)

CSD-1 "Code for Boilers (Control and Safety Devices)"

PTC 19.3 "Performance Test Code-Temperature Measurement"
PVHO-1 "Code for Unfired Pressure Vessels"

IEC (INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION)

"79 Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas Atmospheres"

"529 Classification of Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures"

4
 IPS-E-IN-120

BSI (BRITISH STANDARD INSTITUTION)

BS 1560 "Specification for Steel Pipe Flanges (Nominal Sizes ½ in. to 24 in.) for Petroleum
Industry"

BS 1827 "Reference Tables for Ni/Cr, Thermocouples"

BS 1904 = IEC 751 "Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometer Sensors"

BS 2765 "Specification for Dimensions of Temperature Detecting Elements and

Corresponding Pockets"

BS 6175 "Temperature Transmitters with Electrical Output"

IPS (IRANIAN PETROLEUM STANDARD)

IPS-E-GN-100 "Units"
IPS-C-EL-272 "Wires and Cables"
IPS-E-IN-190 "Transmission Systems"
IPS-M-IN-120 "Material Standard for Temperature Instruments"
IPS-C-IN-120 "Construction and Installation Standard for Temperature Instruments"

3. UNITS

International system of units (SI) in accordance with IPS-E-GN-100 shall be used. Except for the temperatures, which
shall be in degrees celcius instead of kelvin, and for pipes & fittings threads, which shall be in inches of NPT.

4. GENERAL

4.1 Mercury-in-steel thermometers shall be used for transmission, local indication, local recording or local control of
temp.

4.2 Bimetallic dial thermometers shall be used when local indication is required, and when errors in indication in ex-
cess of 1% of the span are acceptable.

Note:

They are not recommended for areas with salt laden or corrosive atmosphere.

4.3 Mercury-in-glass thermometers shall be used for test measurements.

4.4 Thermall-filled system thermometers shall be normally used for local temp. indication, and on pneumatic control
systems where control over narrow span is required. See Table 3 on page 26.

4.5 Thermocouples or resistance thermometers are the preferred means of temp. measurement for centralized control
and for multipoint indication or recording.

4.6 The choice between resistance thermometers and thermocouples shall be made taking the following points into
consideration:

a) Where accuracy of measurement greater than that obtainable with a thermocouple is required, a resistance
thermometer shall be used.

b) Resistance thermometers shall not be used where high frequency vibration is present, e.g. in high velocity
steam or gas streams.

5
 IPS-E-IN-120

c) Resistance thermometers will be considered, when differential temp. measurement is required over a narrow
span and for temp. measurements which require a high speed of response. (See Figs. 20 and 21).

d) Resistance thermometers shall be used, when mean temp. measurement is required over a zone.

e) Resistance thermometers shall be used where, condensation within a protective pocket would preclude the use
of thermocouples, (e.g. low temp. applications).

Should it be absolutely necessary to use thermocouples for sub-zero temp. Special precautions shall be taken in
order to eliminate short circuiting of the thermocouple wires, such as thermocouples with protective sheath.

4.7 Where precise control is not essential, self-acting temp. controllers may be used.

4.8 Temp. switches, locally mounted, shall be the filled system bulb type or bimetallic element. They shall meet the
electrical classification and shall have mercury or micro switches. Removable thermowells shall be furnished.

Temp. switches mounted in the control room or on a local panel may be thermocouple actuated. These shall have cold-
junction compensation.

5. FILLED SYSTEM AND BIMETALLIC DIAL THERMOMETERS

5.1 The filled system thermometer is designed to provide an indication or record of temp. at some distance from the
point of measurement. The sensitive or measuring element (bulb) contains a gas, vapor or liquid which changes in
physical characteristics with temp. This change is communicated through a capillary to bourdon tube, bellows or dia-
phragm. The bourdon (or bellows or diaphragm) respond to the signal from the bulb to provide a motion related in some
definite way to the bulb temp.

5.2 Vapor filled systems are preferred for narrow span or cross ambient temp., liquid and Gas filled system is preferred
for wide span and elevated temp. (see Table 3 & 4, Fig. 31).

5.3 Generally capillary tubing is required to transmit the temp. bulb signal to the instrument case. The capillary runs
from the bulb the instrument activating mechanism. The transmitted signal is in the form of a pressure which represents
the instantaneous temp. sensed by the bulb. It shall be required to restrict separation of the bulb from the actuating
mechanism to a certain limit as described in table 3. Capillary tubing shall be supplied with adequate protection against
corrosion and accidental mechanical damage. All filled system with remote bulb shall be adequately compensated (case
and/or capillary.)

Capillary tubing shall be supported throughout its length.

5.4 Case compensation is accomplished by bi-metallic spring "d" rotates pressure spring "c" in an opposite direction so
as to counteract for thermal expansion of the liquid in the spring due to ambient temperature changes. (See Fig. 34)

5.5 Case and capillary compensation is accomplished by means of an auxiliary spiral and capillary tubing. The com-
pensating capillary extends parallel to the measuring capillary to terminate at the bulb of the measuring system. The
measuring and compensating spirals are interconnected so as to expand in opposite directions. Therefore, a change in
temperature within the instrument case or along the capillary tubing will affect both actuating spirals by the same
amount, and therefore the measurement will be responsive only to the measuring spiral. (See Fig. 35)

A different approach is used by one instrument manufacturer to compensate for ambient temperature conditions. The
system consists of the usual bulb, capillary and spring components. Compensation is obtained by using a special alloy
"filler wire" extending through the bore of the capillary tubing. The filler wire has a coefficient of expansion so related
to that of the tubing and the liquid that fills the system so that expansion and contraction of the mercury is exactly coun-
teracted by the difference in expansion of the capillary tubing and its filler wire.

5.6 Nominal immersion length shall be selected to allow complete immersion of the bulb in the measured fluid. To
obtain best results immersion length should be at least 75 mm for water, 100 mm for oils and for gases.

6
 IPS-E-IN-120

It is recommended that an additional 20-50 mm immersion be used in order to nullify the effect of heat conduction
through metal in the well neck.

Generally this system shall not be used for more than 550°C.

5.7 The error due to the effect of the head of liquid if the detecting element and gage are at different levels, to be taken
into account in calibration.

5.8 Bimetallic temp. indicating thermometers shall be dial type, hermetically sealed, heavy-duty with stainless steel
socket, straight stem or angle pattern to suit the application.

Ranges shall be selected so that normal operating temp. indication is approximately mid-scale.

5.9 Where lines shall be subject to vibration or may be run in inaccessible locations, the use of filled system dial type
indicating distance thermometers shall be considered, armoured capillary tubing supported throughout its length shall be
used for connecting the bulbs to the indicators.

5.10 Normally bimetallic thermometers used up to 400°C.

5.11 If non-insertion length of stem exceeds 300 mm (12 in.), it is advisable to use a stem support.

6. RESISTANCE TYPE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT

6.1 Application

Resistance-type temperature measurement can provide more accurate measurement of temperature than is possible with
thermocouple installations. Accordingly, resistance units are used in many installations where their greater accuracy is
warranted, such as in low-differential temperature measurement. To obtain the greater accuracy and sensitivity inherent
in a resistance system and to minimize thermal lag, it is important that optimum thermowell dimensions (for the particu-
lar resistance element) be employed to maintain good contact between the resistance bulb and the well. For this reason,
wells for resistance bulbs frequently are provided with the resistance bulbs as matched units.

Resistance-type temperature measurement can be used in the ranges of -270 to 980°C (extreme), and 250 to 800°C
(practical). See Table 1.

6.2 Resistance Temperature Detector’s

Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) operate on the principle of change in electrical resistance on the detector wire
as a function of temperature. Two types of detector wires are generally used in resistance elements, nickel for ranges up
to (315°C) and platinum for ranges up to (800°C). A third type, copper, is used in large motor windings up to (150°C).
(pt 100 is preferred). (See Table 1).

Resistance temperature elements are available in many configurations, with the most common type being a tip-sensitive
construction(see Figs. 13 through 24). Even though most resistance elements used in the petroleum industry are
mounted in a thermowell, the elements shall be used bare when very fast (5-6 second) response times are required.

The use of transmitters, multiplexers, and micro processors, is applicable to resistance temperature devices. Precautions
and practices encountered using thermocouples also apply to resistance temperature devices with two exceptions:

1) Ordinary copper wire is used to connect the readout device to the sensor. The most commonly used configu-
ration provides one wire connection to one end and a two-wire connection to the other end of the sensor. This
compensates for resistance and temperature change in the lead wire.

2) The reading is absolute. Elements are available conforming to one of two curves, European R = 0.00385
ohms/ohm/degree Celsius, or American R=0.00392 ohms/ohm/degree celsius. Both curves are based on a sens-
ing element resistance of 100 ohms at 0 degree Celsius. Reference to be made to Table No. 1 of BS 1904.

7
 IPS-E-IN-120

6.3 Thermistor

A thermistor is a semiconductor exhibiting a large (usually negative) temperature coefficient of resistance. They are
very sensitive, permitting full-scale ranges of less than 1°F. The upper operating temperature is determined by physical
changes in the semiconductor material and is typically (93°C to 398°C) 200°F to 750°F.

Applications have been in thermal conductivity analyzers and laboratory measurements, but industrial applications are
increasing.

6.4 Extension Wires

Individual extension wires (usually three) from the resistance element may terminate in a connection head or in a quick
disconnect fitting or extend directly to the measuring unit. Generally, a connection head is employed and the wires are
frequently run in a three-wire cable to the board-mounted resistance temperature measuring instrument. The wire nor-
mally used is minimally 0.75 mm2, (18 AWG) stranded copper.

Where multiple installations of resistance elements are used, the wires can be run to a field terminal strip. A multicon-
ductor cable is then used to bring the signals into the control panel. The wire in the multiconductor cable (may be 0.75
mm2 18 AWG), however, for long distances, a check should be made with the manufacturer on allowable wire resis-
tance.

Generally, no problem exists up to 1.6 Kilometers. Special attention needs to be directed at maintaining a minimal num-
ber of junctions or terminations in the extension wire.

6.5 To compensate for changes in ambient temp., resistance thermometers shall be connected to measuring Inst. by
either a three or four wire system. (see Fig. 13 through 24).

6.6 To measure the same temperature for two different purposes a dual element resistance thermometer shall be used.

6.7 The use of converters with resistance bulbs are more common both for pneumatic and electronic systems. Such
converters allow the use of standard transmission signals and offer more flexibility in the use of receiver equipment.

6.8 The converter where it is applicable shall be mounted in the control center.

6.9 All terminal enclosures shall have suitable protection for area classification and weather proof condition.

6.10 For more details regarding cable and wiring reference to be made to IPS-E-IN-190 "Transmission Systems".

7. THERMOCOUPLES

7.1 A thermocouple is two dissimilar thermoelements so joined as to produce a thermal emf when the measuring and
reference junctions are at different temperatures.

7.2 Thermoelement is one of the two dissimilar electrical conductors comprising a thermocouple.

7.3 Measuring junction is that junction of a thermocouple which is subjected to the temperature to be measured.

7.4 Reference junction is that junction of a thermocouple which is at a known temperature or which is automatically
compensated for its temperature.

7.5 Normally the thermocouple element is terminated at the connection head. However, the reference junction is not
ordinarily located in the connection head but is transferred to the instrument by the use of thermocouple extension wire.

7.6 Extension wire is a pair of wires having such temperature-emf characteristics relative to the thermocouple with
which the wires are intended to be used that, when properly connected to the thermocouple, the reference junction is
transferred to the other end of the wires.

8
 IPS-E-IN-120

7.7 The signal from any thermocouple used in conjunction with a shut-down system shall not be connected to any other
device.

7.8 When a thermocouple is used for automatic control, a duplicate thermocouple shall be provided in the same pocket.
The second thermocouple shall be connected to a precision indicating instrument.

7.9 When two or more thermocouples are located in the same pocket they must be separately and permanently identi-
fied regarding their functions e.g. TRC or TI.

7.10 To measure the same temp. for two different purposes, a duplex thermocouple should be used. When two or more
thermocouples are used to measure the same temp., they shall be located in the same pocket. When this is not possible
and a single thermocouple must be used for two measurements, e.g. skin thermocouples, care shall be taken to avoid
significant interaction between instruments connected to the same thermocouple. Such cases shall be referred to the user
to ensure there is an adequate impedance on the measuring equipment to avoid interference or measurement errors.

7.11 For temperatures ranges and materials of different kinds of thermocouples see table 5, additional information on
applications may be found in ASTM-STP 470 B.

7.12 All thermocouples shall be calibrated according to the latest edition of the appropriate British or USA Standards.
ISA recommended practice ANSI/MC 96.1 or the specific National Bureau of standards tables may be used for refer-
ence (corresponding British Standards Institution tables BS 1827 are also acceptable).

Accuracy shall be within the limits of error as specified in above mentioned standards.

7.13 Thermocouples shall be manufactured from bare wire with ceramic insulators (see Fig. 1 & 2) but consideration
may be given to the use of metal sheathed mineral insulated couples for special applications e.g. locations subjected to
extreme vibration.

7.14 The junction of thermocouples shall be in contact with the thermowell to minimize the transfer lag, except where
earth currents affect the measurements.

Where grounded thermocouple is used, the earth connection interferences and suitability of monitors and receiving in-
struments shall be considered.

7.15 All thermocouple positive leads to the terminating points shall be sleeved and marked +. They shall also be color
coded in accordance with ISA-ANSI/MC96.1 (latest edition) to identify the metals used (see tables 6, 7 & 8).

7.16 Thermocouple leads shall be either mineral isolated, cupronickel covered, PVC sheathed or PVC insulated and
served overall. In special cases where the ambient temperature surrounding the leads dictates asbestos insulated and
served overall wire be used.

7.17 Thermocouple leads (extension wires), except mineral insulated type, shall be run in conduit or trunking and con-
nected to the thermocouple head by a 1 m. min. length flexible conduit. Mineral insulated cable may be run in trays or
trunking. Alternatively, multicore cable with single strand wire and PVC sheathing is acceptable in specified locations,
but is subject to the approval of the user. Sheathing for under ground cables if applicable shall be in accordance with the
requirements of IPS-C-EL-272 "wires & cables". (For more details, see IPS-E-IN-190 "Transmission Systems")

7.18 Trunking and conduit must be of adequate size and provided with ample inspection covers, etc., to facilitate main-
tenance and sealing where necessary. The following conditions shall be considered:

a) Conduits should normally be sized to carry the total required leads plus two.

b) The complete installation shall be weather and dust-proof, thermocouples and thermocouple extension wires
are solid drawn conductors, normally 0.75 mm2 in size and shall meet the application requirements according to
the practice of ISA-ANSI/MC96-1.

9
 IPS-E-IN-120

7.19 On furnaces applications, leads from thermocouples shall be brought out clear from the furnace to reduce the
possibility of fire damage. For these locations mineral insulated extension leads, shall be used (refer to: API-RP550, part
III). (see Fig. 32).

7.20 The immersion length is the distance from the free end of the temp. sensing element or well to the point of immer-
sion in the medium, the temp. of which is being measured.

In order to obtain optimum accuracy and response time the immersion length for a thermocouple installation shall be at
least ten times the outside diameter of the thermocouple sheath, this value shall be increased where space permits. With
flowing liquids, six diameters immersion may be used if the pipe and the external portion of protecting tube are well
insulated. (see Fig. 12).

7.21 Skin thermocouples shall be installed on selected furnace tubes where coking or carbon blockage may occure or
where operating temp. are close to tube design max. temp. and also where required to provide measurement for opera-
tional safe guards. (Refer to: API-RP-550, part III) (see Fig. 33).

7.22 Where magnesium-oxide insulated element grounded hot junction shall be used, sheath diameter shall be 7 mm
(¼ in.) size and wire gage shall be approximately 16 gage (1.3 mm2).

7.23 Single and twin thermocouple should fit 6 mm bore pockets.

7.24 Where type k-thermocouple operate on temp. services above 800°C, and hydrogen diffusion to the thermocouple
material may be expected, magnesium-oxide insulated thermocouples with inconel protective sheathing should be used,
or a titanium getter wire shall be specified in addition to the normal execution, for absorption of the traces of hydrogen.

7.25 With regard to deterioration (drift) of type k, thermocouples, at very high temp., such as in hydrocracking fur-
naces, consideration should be given to the use of type B-thermocouple, provided these are used only for furnace coil
balancing.

7.26 All thermocouples used for furnace coil balancing shall be from the same batch and be calibrated/certified for the
specified operating temp., in addition to the standard identification. The thermocouple shall be provided with batch and
certificate number.

Note:

Thermocouples used for furnace coil balancing shall be provided with warning plates having black letters on a red back-
ground and shall be fixed by means of screws.

8. THERMOWELLS AND POCKETS FOR TEMP. DETECTING ELEMENTS

8.1 Unless otherwise agreed, temp. detecting elements, and the bulb of the dial thermometers, shall be installed in ther-
mometer pockets. (see Figs. 5, 6, 7 & 8).

8.2 Screwed pockets shall be used for all normal duties, i.e. in services with design metal temp. less than (538°C), or
where the press-to-temp. design conditions would not require an ANSI class 900 or greater flange. They shall be con-
structed in accordance with BS-2765 Standard.

8.3 For corrosive duties, including hydrogen, or in services with design metal temp. of 538°C or above, or where the
press-temp. design conditions requires an ANSI class 900 or greater flange, flanged pockets shall be used. They shall fit
40 mm (1.5").

Flanges to BS-1560 or ANSI-BI6.5. These pockets shall be constructed in accordance with BS-2765 standard.

8.4 Generally the internal diameter of pockets for resistance thermometer and thermocouples shall be 10 mm. (3/8 "),
(see BS-2765).

For mercury-in-steel systems, a diameter of 13 mm (½ in) is preferred.

10
 IPS-E-IN-120

8.5 Proprietary pockets supplied with instruments should meet the requirements of this standard.

8.6 Thermocouple and resistance thermometer pocket assemblies shall be provided with weather proof terminal heads
certified for the appropriate area classification and the heads shall be orientated so as to prevent ingress of water (IP-65
according to IEC-529), and shall be with standard extension of 20 mm (¾ in.) nipple & union. (see Fig. 3, 4, 10 & 11).

8.7 In case where thermocouple pockets are installed in erosive catalyst systems they should be fitted with lubricated
plug cocks between the well and the thermocouple to be sheared and the well sealed in the event of pocket failure. The
length of extension (U-Dimension) shall not be more than 600 mm. (see Fig. 10).

8.8 Thermocouple assemblies heads shall be furnished with grounding terminal, except where averaging or differential
are required (see Figs. 29.1 & 29.2)

8.9 Thermowells and thermometer pockets shall be installed in the vertical position wherever possible.

8.10 In services involving erosion, corrosion or high temp. where the standard thermowell is not suitable, consideration
shall be given to alternative materials or method of temperature measurement.

8.11 Thermowell for normal services shall be of stainless steel, machined from a solid bar, and screwed to fit into a
boss tapped (one inch NPT) thread, internal thread shall be ½" NPT.

8.12 Thermowells inserted in furnace tubes or headers shall meet the specifications of the furnace designer and shall
conform to the tube or header plug design. (Refer to: API-RP-550, part III)

8.13 All thermowells in process piping and pressure vessels shall have connections per piping specification. Thermow-
ells installed in process piping or process pressure vessels in other than steam services shall meet the requirements of the
latest edition of the ASME code for unfired pressure vessels.

For steam service all thermowells shall meet the requirements of the latest edition of the ASME code for boilers.

8.14 For every thermocouple inserted into a vessel or pipe, consideration shall be given to the installation of a ther-
mometer pocket or thermowell located adjacent to it for checking purposes. This does not apply to high temp. furnace
flue gas streams and may be deleted in high temp. furnace oil streams when adequate temp. points are otherwise avail-
able. However every controlling temp. point shall have an adjacent check well. Such thermometer pockets, or thermow-
ells, shall be provided with suitable thermometers, or thermocouples & lead to a potentiometer temp. indicator, when
considered essential.

8.15 On small lines where adequate immersion cannot be obtained by the thermowell inserted perpendicular to the
line, the well shall be inserted at 90 degrees bend in the line. Alternatively a short section of the line may be enlarged to
accommodate the thermowell, but this method should only be used when normal methods are impracticable. (see Fig.
30.1 & 30.2).

8.16 Tapered thermowells are recommended for high velocity lines, i.e. more than 21 m/sec. (70 feet per sec.) to over-
come the mechanical stresses due to vibration, the max. immersion length shall be 150 mm (6 in.), for pipes of 300 mm
(12 in.) and above. (see ASME-PTC 19.3).

8.17 When process required rapid temp. response, thermowells for temp. controllers, shall be constructed with wall
thickness as thin as operating conditions will permit.

9. TEMPERATURE TRANSMISSION

9.1 In pneumatic systems where measured temperature in the control center is required pneumatic transmitters shall be
used. These transmitters shall be located as close as possible to the detection elements.

9.2 Consideration shall be taken to use temperature transmitters when it is not practicable to use very long T/C or RTD
extension wires. See 5.4 and IPS-E-IN-190 "Transmission Systems".

11
 IPS-E-IN-120

9.3 4-20 mA is the preferred signal type for analogue transmitters in 2-wire system.

9.4 For digital systems such as D.C.S. where transmission is mandatory, the smart (intelligent) transmitters shall be the
preferred type of temperature transmission.

9.5 In electrical transmitters normally one of the following design philosophy is utilized:

a) silicon strain gage;

b) force balance;
c) resonant wire.

Note:

Motion balance is not recommended for this type of transmitters, due to wear and tear problem.

9.6 The connection of electrical transmitters to the control center shall be via zener safety barriers where transmission
from hazardous areas are required and intrinsically safe transmitter is used.

9.7 All temperature devices capable of transmitting a pneumatic 0.2-1.0 barg or electrical 4-20 mA signal linear with
and directly proportional to temperature, shall be suitable for outdoor installation under tropical conditions and/or haz-
ardous locations, as indicated in data sheets.

9.8 When transmitters are used for control, a duplicate measurement from a separate sensor, e.g. thermocouple, shall be
provided.

9.9 Millivolt and resistance-to-current converters are preferably mounted in the control center. Locally mounted con-
verters shall not be used except by agreement with the user.

10. TEMPERATURE INDICATING, RECORDING AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS

10.1 Control modes for process temp. control shall normally be adjustable for proportional (gain) reset and derivative
action.

10.2 Potentiometer and wheatstone Bridge Instruments, used for temp. measurements, shall be of the high-speed and
self balancing type and shall be provided with an integral and suitable constant power supply unit to eliminate the use of
dry cells.

10.3 Recording potentiometers and wheatstone Bridge Instruments shall not carry more than four pen records unless
otherwise specified previously by the user,in individual data sheets.

10.4 For multipoint temperature indicators when the No. of points required are less than about 48, preference should be
given to selection by interlock push-button switches or non locking toggle switches with spring return to neutral, for
larger No. of points switch banks and telephone type dial selection should be used.

10.5 When two or more ranges are used on one instrument positive means of range identification shall be provided.

10.6 When temperatures are recorded on 300 mm wide strip charts each temp. mark shall be a plus sign with alternate
points identified by the appropriate numeral.

10.7 When temp. controlled by an indicating controllers are recorded on a multipoint recorder, each record of con-
trolled variable shall be readily identifiable from other recorded values.

10.8 Thermocouple and resistance bulb circuits operating high temp. alarms shall have upscale burn-out feature and
vice-versa for low temp. alarms.

10.9 All thermocouple actuated control systems shall contain "burn out" protection. The design shall enable this fea-
ture to be switched in or out.

12
 IPS-E-IN-120

10.10 Thermocouple multipoint temp. recorders shall have cold junction compensation and constant voltage source,
unicolour numbered print wheels with printing time cycle of max. 15 sec. per point max. cycle time for print out of all
points shall not exceed two minutes.

They shall be furnished with high-impedance amplifiers to allow parallel operation with the temp. indicator. Normally
33% of the points shall be reserved as spares. Time for full scale travel of print wheel shall not exceed the interval be-
tween prints.

10.11 V/I transducers shall be used for control point measurement. Each transducer shall have its own integral power
supply. The receiving Inst. shall be electronic type static inverters shall be considered for critical loops.

10.12 Electropneumatic transducers shall be calibrated for specified range of input signal. The primary element may be
a resistance bulb, thermocouple, or any millivolt source.

When thermocouple input is specified, cold junction compensation, upscale drive (max. signal output) and amplifier
burnout output signal shall be compatible with receivers and controllers. These transmitters shall be mounted in relay
racks on rear of panel.

10.13 Multi-Pen recorders on furnaces outlets shall have a narrow span for normal operation and a wide range for
starting-up.

11. RADIATION-TYPE PYROMETERS

11.1 Radiation-type pyrometers are special instruments with limited use in refineries or synthetic fuel plants. The nor-
mal range of use falls between (-30°C to 3900°C) -20°F to 7000°F. They are nonlinear in output and have an accuracy
of about 2 percent. There is no easy way to calibrate the units. They detect high temperatures and offer the advantage of
fast response and noncontact measurement.

11.2 The radiation-type pyrometer measures the temperature of an object without requiring physical contact. The abil-
ity to accomplish this is based on the fact that every object emits radiant energy and the intensity of this radiation is a
function of its temperature. Most applications use infrared radiation as the measurement source; however, ultraviolet is
also used in some instances.

11.3 If the radiation pyrometer is to measure absolute temperature, the effective emissivity (the emissivity of the target
material in the spectral range of the radiation pyrometer) must be determined. This can be determined indirectly by ap-
plying the radiation laws of physics or experimentally by characterizing the material at a known temperature. Such tar-
get nonuniformities as significant temperature changes in the material, the nonhomogeneous nature of some materials,
or a basic product change all represent cases in which an absolute change in effective emissivity is exhibited.

11.4 In industrial temperature measurement using a properly designed industrial instrument, background radiation ef-
fects are not a detrimental factor as long as the infrared field of view is aimed exclusively on the target area. The reflec-
tion from the background area should be minimized to reduce spurious effects of radiant energy from sources other than
the target.

Infrared instruments are designed to minimize these background conditions, but energy overlays in the electromagnetic
spectrum can not be completely eliminated without impairing the accuracy and performance of the instrument.

11.5 Most radiation-type pyrometers used in refinery applications are in the high-temperature range. Since they are
somewhat special in application, it is recommended that the user work closely with the manufacturer.

12. OPTICAL PYROMETERS

Optical pyrometers are radiation-type pyrometers that operate within the visible spectrum. They usually rely on the hu-
man eye comparing a filtered view of the target with an internal reference. The subject surface must be hot enough to
give off visible radiation, typically above 760°C (1400°F). Error may be introduced if the target surface reflects radia-

13
 IPS-E-IN-120

tion from other hotter surfaces or if the path is partially obstructed by absorbing materials such as fumes, smoke, or
glass.

14
 IPS-E-IN-120

THERMOCOUPLE ELEMENTS
Fig. 1

THERMOCOUPLE ELEMENT WITH TERMINAL BLOCK

Fig. 2

THERMOCOUPLE ELEMENT WITH CONNECTION HEAD

Fig. 3

CONNECTION HEAD
Fig. 4

15
 IPS-E-IN-120

PROTECTING TUBE
Fig. 5

PROTECTING TUBE WITH MOUNTING BUSHING

Fig. 6

PROTECTING TUBE WITH MOUNTING FLANGE

Fig. 7

THERMOCOUPLE ELEMENT WITH PROTECTING TUBE AND CONNECTION HEAD

Fig. 8

OPEN END PROTECTING TUBE

Fig. 9

WELL
Fig. 10

THERMOCOUPLE ASSEMBLY WITH THERMOWELL

Fig. 11

16
 IPS-E-IN-120

IMMERSION AND INSERTION LENGTHS FOR THERMOCOUPLE ASSEMBLY WITH

THERMOWELL

Fig. 12

17
 IPS-E-IN-120

BASIC BRIDGE CIRCUIT CIRCUIT FOR 2-WIRE SYSTEM CIRCUIT FOR 3-WIRE SYSTEM

Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15

CIRCUIT FOR 4-WIRE BRIDGE (2-WIRE SYSTEM) BRIDGE (SIMPLE 3-WIRE

COMPENSATED SYSTEM SYSTEM)
Fig. 16 Fig. 17 Fig. 18

BRIDGE (4-WIRE-COMPENSATED DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM

SYSTEM) DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM WITH FULL CONDUCTOR
RESISTANCE COMPENSATION
Fig. 19 Fig. 20 Fig. 21

18
 IPS-E-IN-120

TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION OF RESISTANCE THERMOMETER SENSOR

Fig. 22

FOUR-TERMINAL SENSING
Fig. 23

KELVIN DOUBLE BRIDGE (MODIFIED)

Fig. 24

19
 IPS-E-IN-120

RIGID STEM MOUNTING (BACK, BOTTOM, SIDE OR TOP CAPILLARY ENTRY)

Fig. 25

(a) With flange fixing and back (b) With clamp fixing and back
or bottom capillary or bottom capillary entry

FLUSH MOUNTINGS

Fig. 26

SURFACE MOUNTING WITH BOTTOM BRACKET MOUNTING WITH BOTTOM

CAPILLARY ENTRY CAPILLARY ENTRY
Fig. 27 Fig. 28

20
 IPS-E-IN-120

Notes:

1) Duplex extension wires to be of equal resistance-same lengths.

2) Connection head with 1500-ohm resistor-permits use of different lengths of extension wires.

AVERAGE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT WITH THERMOCOUPLES

Fig. 29.1

TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE MEASUREMENT WITH RTD

Fig. 29.2

21
 IPS-E-IN-120

TYPICAL FLANGED THERMOWELL INSTALLATION

Fig. 30.1

22
 IPS-E-IN-120

TYPICAL SCREWED THERMOWELL INSTALLATION

Fig. 30.2

23
 IPS-E-IN-120

TABLE 1
OPERATING TEMPERATURE OF RESISTANCE THERMOMETER SENSING RESISTORS

SENSING RESISTOR NORMAL NORMAL

MINIMUM MAXIMUM SPECIAL
OPERATING OPERATING MAXIMUM
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE

°C °C °C
METALLIC SENSING RESISTOR

Copper -100 +100 +150

Nickel -60 +180 +350
Platinum -200 +600 +850

SEMICONDUCTOR SENSING RESISTORS

Mixed metal oxides -100 +200 +600

Silicon -160 +160 +200

NOTE 1 :

Satisfactory measurement at temperatures above the normal maximum is possible only when special constructions and
carefully controlled environments for the sensing resistors are used.

NOTE 2 :
Platinum resistance thermometer sensing resistores of special construction can be used to measure temperature down to
-259°C (14 k). Below -200°C, sensors have to be individually calibrated.

NOTE 3 :
Copper resistance thermometer sensing resistors of special construction can be used to measure temperature down to
-200°C.

24
 IPS-E-IN-120

TABLE 2
APPROXIMATE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESISTANCE RATIO AND TEMPERATURE FOR
METALLIC SENSING RESISTORS

TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE RATIO Rt / Ro

Platinum* Nickel Copper

°C

-200 0.18 - -

-100 0.60 - 0.57

-60 0.76 0.70 0.74
-50 0.80 0.74 0.79

0 1.00 1.00 1.00

50 1.19 1.29 1.21
100 1.38 1.62 1.43

150 1.57 1.99 1.65

180 1.68 2.23 -
200 1.76 - -

250 1.94 - -
300 2.12 - -
350 2.30 - -

400 2.47 - -
500 2.81 - -
600 3.14 - -

700 3.45 - -
800 3.76 - -
850 3.90 - -

*See BS 1904.
NOTE.
Some thermometer sensors use padding resistors to bring the resistanceof the sensor
within specified limits. Generally, they are used in series with the sensing resistor, but in
some types of nickel thermometers both series and shunt padding resistors are used to en-
able the thermometer sensor to match an exponential resistance/temperature curve.

25
 IPS-E-IN-120

TABLE 3
APPLICATION DATA FOR FILLED MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS

26
 IPS-E-IN-120

TABLE 4
CLASSES OF THERMAL SYSTEMS IN GENERAL USE

CLASS DESCRIPTION

CLASS I-A LIQUID-FILLED; UNIFORM SCALE; FULLY COMPENSATED.

CLASS I-B LIQUID-FILLED; UNIFORM SCALE; CASE COMPENSATED ONLY.

CLASS II-A VAPOR PRESSURE; INCREASING SCALE; WITH MEASURED

TEMPERATURE ABOVE CASE AND TUBING TEMPERATURE.

CLASS II-B VAPOR PRESSURE; INCREASING SCALE; WITH MEASURED

TEMPERATURE BELOW CASE AND TUBING TEMPERATURE.

CLASS II-C VAPOR PRESSURE; INCREASING SCALE; WITH MEASURED

TEMPERATURE ABOVE AND BELOW CASE AND TUBING
TEMPERATURE.

CLASS II-D VAPOR PRESSURE; INCREASING SCALE; ABOVE, AT, AND

BELOW CASE AND TUBING TEMPERATURE.

CLASS III-A GAS-FILLED; UNIFORM SCALE; FULLY COMPENSATED.

CLASS III-B GAS-FILLED; UNIFORM SCALE; CASE COMPENSATED ONLY.

CLASS V-A MERCURY-FILLED; UNIFORM SCALE; FULLY COMPENSATED.

CLASS V-B MERCURY-FILLED; UNIFORM SCALE; CASE COMPENSATED ONLY.

27
 IPS-E-IN-120

TEMPERATURE RANGES FOR FILLED SYSTEM THERMOMETERS

Fig. 31

28
 IPS-E-IN-120

TABLE 5
THERMOCOUPLE TYPE LETTER DESIGNATIONS

TYPE NOMINAL MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION

TEMPERATURE RANGE (POSITIVE MATERIAL IN CAPS)

B 0 TO 1820°C PLATINUM-30 PERCENT RHODIUM VERSUS

PLATINUM-6 PERCENT RHODIUM

E -270 TO 1000°C NICKEL-10 PERCENT CHROMIUM VERSUS

COPPER-NICKEL

J -210 TO 760°C IRON VERSUS COPPER-NICKEL

K -270 TO 1372°C NICKEL-10 PERCENT CHROMIUM

VERSUS NICKEL-5 PERCENT
( ALUMINUM, SILICON )

R -50 TO 1768°C PLATINUM-13 PERCENT RHODIUM

VERSUS PLATINUM

S -50 TO 1768°C PLATINUM-10 PERCENT RHODIUM

VERSUS PLATINUM

T -270 TO 400°C COPPER-VERSUS COPPER-NICKEL

TABLE 6
COLOR CODE-DUPLEX INSULATED THERMOCOUPLE WIRE

THERMOCOUPLE COLOR of INSULATION

Type Positive Negative Overall * Positive * Negative

E EP EN Brown Purple Red

J JP JN Brown White Red
K KP KN Brown Yellow Red
T TP TN Brown Blue Red

* A tracer color of the positive wire code color may be used in the overall braid.

TABLE 7
COLOR CODE-SINGLE CONDUCTOR INSULATED THERMOCOUPLE EXTENSION WIRE

EXTENSION WIRE TYPE COLOR of INSULATION

Type Positive Negative Positive Negative *

B BPX BNX Gray Red-Gray Trace

E EPX ENX Purple Red-Purple Trace
J JPX JNX White Red-White Trace
K KPX KNX Yellow Red-Yellow Trace
R or S SPX SNX Black Red-Black Trace
T TPX TNX Blue Red-Blue Trace

29
 IPS-E-IN-120

* The color identified as a trace may be applied as a tracer, braid, or by any other readily identifiable means.

Note of Caution:

In the procurement of random lengths of single conductor insulated extension wire, it must be recognized that such wire is
commercially combined in matching pairs to conform to established temperature-EMF curves. Therefore, it is imperative
that all single conductor insulated extension wire be procured in pairs, at the same time, and from the same source.

TABLE 8
COLOR CODE-DUPLEX INSULATED THERMOCOUPLE EXTENSION WIRE

EXTENSION WIRE TYPE COLOR of INSULATION

Type Positive Negative Overall Positive Negative *

B BPX BNX Gray Gray Red

E EPX ENX Purple Purple Red
J JPX JNX Black White Red
K KPX KNX Yellow Yellow Red
R or S SPX SNX Green Black Red
T TPX TNX Blue Blue Red

* A tracer having the color corresponding to the positive wire code color may be used on the negative wire color code.

30
 IPS-E-IN-120

Notes:

1) See API-RP 550, Part III, Table 1-1 for materials.

2) Material external of firebox may be other than specified in Table 1-1.

Notes:

1) Thermocouple should be 13 mm (0.500-inch) outside diameter by 3 mm (0.120-inch) wall MgO insulated 2 mm2 (14 gage)
nickel (90 percent)- chromium (10 percent) thermocouple wire with 446 stainless sheath, or material listed in API-RP-550,
Part III, Table 1-1.

2) The head end of the thermocouple should have 50 mm (2 inches) of exposed wire. The mineral insulation shall be removed
to a depth of at least 7 mm(¼ -inch) and potted with compound.

3) The 600 mm (24-inch) maximum immersion does not apply to top-entering installations.

TYPICAL FIRE BOX THERMOCOUPLE INSTALLATIONS

Fig. 32

31
 IPS-E-IN-120

KNIFE EDGE TUBE SURFACE THERMOCOUPLE FOR HEATER TUBE

Fig. 33

32
 IPS-E-IN-120

CASE COMPENSATIONS

Fig. 34

CASE AND CAPILLARY COMPENSATION

Fig. 35

33
 IPS-E-IN-120

INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATION SHEET    OF   

SPEC. No. REV
TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTS
No. BY DATE REVISION
(POTENTIOMETER PYROMETER &
CONTRACT DATE
RESISTANCE)
SPECIFICATION SHEET
REQ. P.O.

PROJECT BY CHK’D APPR.

1 Tag No. Service

2 Function Record b Indicate b Control b Blind b Transmit b
Other 
3 Type Auot Bal. b Man Bal b Galv b Other 
4 Case MFR STD b Nom Size  Color: MFR STD b Other
5 Mounting Flush b Surface b Rack b Multi-Case b Other 
For Multiple Case Spec, See Sheet 
GENERAL Gen Purp b W eather Proof b Explosion-Proof b Class  Other 
6 Enclosure Class
Hz b Other 
7 Power Supply
 Strip b  Cire b Time Marks b Range  No 
8 Chart
Chart Speed:  Change Gears 
Type  Range: 1  2 
9 Scale
10 Printout No. of Points  Sec Per Point  Full Travel Speed 
Print Character and Color  Point Select b
No. and Form  In Case b External b
11 Selector Switches
Switch Cabinet Spece 
12 Trans. Output 4-20 mA b 10-50 mA b 21-103 kpa (3-15 psig) Ξ Other 
XMTR Input-Output Isolation b For Receiver, See Sheet 
13 Control Modes p = Prop (Gain), i = Integral (Auto Reset), D = Derivative (Rate)
Sub: s = Slow, f = Fast If b Df b Pb PI b PD b PID b Is b Ds b
Other 
CONTROLLER 14 Action On Meas. Increase Output: Increases Decreases
15 Auto-Man Switch None b MFR STD b Specify 
16 Set Point Adj. Manual b External b Remote b Specify 
17 Manual Reg. None b MFR -STD b Other 
18 Output 4-20 mA b 10-50 mA b 21-103 kpa (3-15 psig) b Other 
19 Thermocouple Type J (IC) b K (CA) b T (CC) b E(CHR-CON) b Other 
INPUT Ref Junction Comp b Lead Resistance (Galv) 
20 Other Input Resistance Temp Sensor b Calibration 
Other 
21 Alarm Switches Quantity  Form  Rating 
22 Function Meas. Var. b Deviation b Contacts To  measure 
ALARM Other 
23 Front Adj  Back Adj 
24 T/C Burnout Drive None b Upscale b Downscale b
OPTIONS 25 Accessories Case llluminator b  Charts
Filter Reg. b Other 
26 MFR & Model No. 
Notes:

IPS-FORM E-IN-120.1a

34
 IPS-E-IN-120

SHEET    OF   
INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATION
SPEC. No. REV
TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTS
No. BY DATE REVISION
SPECIFICATION SHEET
CONTRACT DATE

REQ. P.O.

PROJECT BY CHK’D APPR.

Meas.
Rev. Tag No. Range Type Scale and No. of Incr. Service
Input Chart Points Output

Notes

IPS-FORM E-IN-120.1b

35
 IPS-E-IN-120

POTENTIOMETER AND RESISTANCE INSTRUMENTS SPECIFICATION SHEET INSTRUCTIONS

Instructions for IPS Forms No. E-IN-120 1a & 1b

Prefix number designates line number on corresponding specification sheet.

1) To be used for single item. Use secondary sheet for multiple listing.

2) Check as many as apply.

3) Check one. Note that sheet may be used to specify galvanometric type of instrument.

4) Nominal size refers to approximate front of case dimensions; width x height.

5) It is assumed that the instrument has its own case or shelf suitable for single mounting unless "multi-case" is
checked. Shelf or separable case for multiple case mounting instrument is not included in this sheet unless listed
as an accessory.

6) Enclosure Class refers to composite instrument. If electrical contacts are in the case, they meet this rating
inherently or by reason of the enclosure. Use NEMA or IEC identification system.

7) Specify electrical power to entire instrument.

8) For multiple instruments list ranges on second sheet, but specify other items here.

9) Ranges 1 and 2 refer to multi-channel instruments. The first listed is assumed to be the controller input (if
any).

10) For multiple items list number of points on second sheet. "Point Select" permits by-passing any or all points
by a switching mechanism.

11) For multiple items show number of switches on second sheet under "No. of Points."

12) Specify if applicable.

13) See explanation of terminology given on spec. sheet. Specific ranges of control modes can be listed under
"other" if required.

14) For multiple items specify on second sheet.

15) If standard auto-manual switching is not or not known or not adequate, specify particular requirements, such
as BUMPLESS, PROCEDURELESS, 4-POSITION, or as required.

16) Remote set point adjustment assumes full adjustment range. Specify limits if required.

17) Specify if applicable.

18) Specify if applicable.

19) Check if thermocouple input applies, Lead resistance required only for galvanometer.

20) Specify any input other than thermocouple. "Calibration" refers to curve used and does not imply that ele-
ment is specifically calibrated for this instrument.

21) Form may be SPST, SPDT, DPDT, etc. Rating is electrical rating of switch in volt amps.

22) Check if alarm is actuated by measured variable or by deviation from controller set point. Give contact ac-
tion if single throw form. Specify calibrated or blind alarm index setter.

23) Specify if applicable.

24) Specify if applicable.

36
 IPS-E-IN-120

25) Accessories for multiple items may be covered by "notes" second sheet.

26) May be filled in after selection is made.

SECONDARY SHEETS

For listing multiple instruments. List all instruments of the same type, specified on Primary Sheet, with variations as
shown. "Notes" refers to notes listed by number at the bottom of the sheet. Or use Secondary Sheet to list and identify
the multiple points of a single multipoint instrument.

37
 IPS-E-IN-120

SHEET    OF   
INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATION
SPEC. No. REV
TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTS
No. BY DATE REVISION
(POTENTIOMETER PYROMETER &
CONTRACT DATE
RESISTANCE)
SPECIFICATION SHEET
REQ. P.O.

PROJECT BY CHK’D APPR.

1 Tag No. Service

2 Function Record b Indicate b Control b Blind b Trans b
Other 
3 Case MFR STD b Nom Size  Color: MFR STD b Other 
4 Mounting Flush b Surface b Yoke b Other 
5 Enclosure Class General Purpose b Weather Proof b Explosion Proof b Class 
GENERAL
For Use in Intrinsically Safe System b Other 
120 V 50 Hz b Other ac  dc b  Volts
6 Power Supply
Strip b Roll b  Fold b  Circular  Time Marks.
7 Chart
Speed  Power 
8 Chart Drive
Type   
9 Scale
Range: 1  2  3  4 
10 Transmitter 4-20 mA b 10-50 mA b 21-103 kpa (3-15 psig) b Other 
XMTR Output For Receiver, See Spec Sheet 
11 Control Modes p = Prop (Gain), i = Integral (Auto Reset), D = Derivative (Rate)
Sub: s = Slow, f = Fast
Pb PI b PD b PID b If b Df b Is b Ds b
CONTROLLER Other 
12 Action On Meas. Increase Output: Increases b Decreases b
13 Auto-Man Switch None b MFR STD b Other 
14 Set Point Adj. Manual b External b Remote b Other 
15 Manual Reg. None b MFR STD b Other 
16 Output 4-20 mA b 10-50 mA b 21-103 kpa (3-15 psig) b Other 
17 Fill SAMA Class  Compensation 
18 Process Data Temp: Normal  Max  Max. Press.
19 Range Fixed b Adj. Range  Set At 
Overrange Protection to 
20 Bulb Type  Mtl.  Extension: Length . Type 
Size: Diameter  Length  Insertion 
ELEMENT Conn:  Location  Ft Above b Below b Instr.
Capillary MFR STD b Length  Mtl.  Armor 
21 Well Mtl.  Insertion  Lag Ext.  Conn 
22 Const Drilled b Built-Up b Other 
23 Alarm Switches Quantity  Form  Rating 
24 Function Temp b Deviation b Contacts To  on Temp. Increase
25 Options Filt Reg. b Sup. Gage b Output Gage b  Charts
Other 
26 MFR & Model No. 
Notes:

IPS-FORM E-IN-120.2a

38
 IPS-E-IN-120

SHEET    OF   
INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATION
SPEC. No. REV
TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTS
No. BY DATE REVISION
(POTENTIOMETER PYROMETER &
CONTRACT DATE
RESISTANCE)
SPECIFICATION SHEET
REQ. P.O.

PROJECT BY CHK’D APPR.

Adj Set Insert Cap

Rev. Tag No. Range Range Well Conn. Length Length Notes

Notes

IPS-FORM E-IN-120.2b

39
 IPS-E-IN-120

TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTS SPECIFICATION SHEET

Instructions for IPS Forms No. E-IN-120 2a & 2b.

1) To be used for a single item. Use secondary sheet for multiple listing.

2) Check as many as apply.

3) Nominal size refers to approximate front of case dimensions; width x height.

4) Yoke refers to a bracket designed for mounting the instrument on a pipe stand.

5) Enclosure class refers to composite instrument. If electrical contacts are in the case, they must meet this clas-
sification inherently or by reason of enclosure. Us NEMA or IEC identification.

6) Specify electrical power to the entire instrument from an external source.

7) Specify chart type.

8) Chart drive mechanism assumed to be synchronous motor operating in 120 V 50 Hz and suitable for ENCLO-
SURE CLASS specified on line 5. If the chart drive is pneumatic so state-identify pneumatic pulser under op-
tions. Note deviations from standard (MFR) under notes i.e., dual speed or special speeds.

9) The scale type may be SEGMENTAL, VERTICAL, HORIZONTAL, DIAL (CIRCULAR) or other. Ranges
1, 2, 3 and 4 are used for multiple inputs. The first listed (No. 1) is assumed to be the controller input, if a con-
troller is used.

10) Specify transmitter output if applicable.

11) See explanation of terminology given on specifications sheet. For further definition refer to American Na-
tional Standard C85.1-1963, "Terminology for Automatic Control." Specific ranges of control modes can be
listed after "OTHER", if required.

12) For multiple items specify on second sheet.

13) If standard auto-manual switching is not known or not adequate, specify particular requirements, such as
BUMPLESS, PROCEDURELESS, 4-POSITION, or as required.

14) Remote set point adjustment assumes full adjustment range. Specify limits if required.

15) Specify if applicable.

16) Specify if applicable.

17) Filled thermal systems can be of the following SAMA classifications:

Class 1A: Liquid filled, uniform scale, fully compensated.

Class IB: Liquid filled, uniform scale, case compensated only.

Class IIA: Vapor pressure, non-linear scale with measured temperature above case and tubing
temperature.

Class IIB: Vapor pressure, non-linear scale with measured temperature below case and tubing
temperature.

Class IIC: Vapor pressure, non-linear scale with measured temperature above and below case and
tubing temperature.

Class IIIA: Gas filled, uniform scale, fully compensated.

40
 IPS-E-IN-120

Class IIIB: Gas filled, uniform scale, case compensated only.

Class VA: Mercury filled, uniform scale, fully compensated.

Class VB: Mercury filled, uniform scale, case compensated only.

19) Range refers to process input span for which an output is desired. Adjustable range means that the unit can
give its normal output over a range of inputs.

20) Bulb type can be plain, averaging, rigid, adjustable union connections, fixed union connection. Capillary
extension length can be rigid or flexible, etc.

21) Capillary tube specifications.

22) Well Specifications.

23) Form may be SPST, SPDT, DPDT, etc. Rating is electrical rating of switch in volt amps.

24) Check if alarm is to be actuated by measured variable or by deviation form controller set point. Give contact
action if single throw from.

41
 IPS-E-IN-120

SHEET    OF   
INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATION
SPEC. No. REV
THERMOCOUPLE AND THERMOWELLS
No. BY DATE REVISION
SPECIFICATION SHEET
CONTRACT DATE

REQ. P.O.

PROJECT BY CHK’D APPR.

1. Complete Assembly b Other  7. Material  Conduit Conn. 

MFR. & Model No.  8. Terminal Block: Single b Duplex b
ELEMENT WELL OR TUBE
MFR. & Model No.  9. Material 
2. Type  Wire Size  10. Construction: Tapered b Straight b
3. Sheathed:  O.D. Material  Drilled b built-Up b Closed End Tube b
Exposed b Grounded b Ungrourded b 11. Dimensions: MFR. STD. b O.D.  I.D. 
Enclosed b Beaded Insulators b Spring Loaded b 12. Connections: Process  INT 
4. Nipple Size  Dimension "N"  Union b 13. Other Specs.: 
5. Packed Connector 
HEAD
6. Screw-Cap & Chain b Other 

Rev. Tag No. Well Dimens. Element Single Type Gage Service Notes
Length Duplex
"U" "T"

Notes:

IPS-FORM E-IN-120.3a

42
 IPS-E-IN-120

SHEET    OF   
INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATION
SPEC. No. REV
THERMOCOUPLE AND THERMOWELLS
No. BY DATE REVISION
SPECIFICATION SHEET
CONTRACT DATE

REQ. P.O.

PROJECT BY CHK’D APPR.

Rev. Tag No. Well Dimens. Element Single Type Gage Service Notes
Length Duplex
"U" "T"

Notes:

IPS-FORM E-IN-120.3b

43
 IPS-E-IN-120

THERMOCOUPLES AND THERMOWELLS

Instructions for IPS Forms No. E-IN-120 3a & 3b.

Reference: ANSI MC96.1 American National Standard for Temperature Measurement Thermocouples.

1) Check COMPLETE ASSEMBLY, or write in ELEMENT ONLY, ELEMENT & HEAD, etc.

2) Specify ISA type:

E Chromel/Constantan
J Iron/Constantan
K Chromel/Alumel
R Platinum-13 percent
Rhodium/Platinum
S Platinum-10 percent
Rhodium/Platinum
T Copper/Constantan

and wire diameter in mm. Thermocouple wire diameter normally runs from 0.5 mm (AWG No. 24) through
3.264 (AWG No. 8).

3) Specify required construction by filling in sheath diameter and material, or checking BEADED INSULA-
TORS. Check type of junction, EXPOSED, ENCLOSED and GROUNDED, ENCLOSED and UNGROUNDED.

4) Specify nominal diameter of nipple, or write NONE. Specify length N (as defined on sketch below line 8) if
appropriate.

Check UNION if required.

5) Specify connection size and material of packed connector, and whether Fixed or Adjustable. (For ceramic
packed thermocouples only).

6) Specify general type of head.

7) specify material of construction of head.

8) A duplex terminal block accommodates two thermocouples as listed. Refer to Notes.

9) Specify material of well or tube.

10) A built-up well has a welded tip. Check as many as apply.

11) Give dimensions if required.

12) Process connection is external. However, INT will cover a thread dimension if well flange is threaded.

13) Fill in any applicable company standards or specifications.

Note:

For thermocouples other than arrangement shown in sketch, space has been provided for you to draw your own picture.

Tabulation: Fill in all applicable information. SINGLE/DUPLEX, need only be filled in on line 8 if they are the same
for all thermocouples on the sheet.

44
 IPS-E-IN-120

SHEET    OF   
INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATION
SPEC. No. REV
RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE SENSORS
No. BY DATE REVISION
SPECIFICATION SHEET
CONTRACT DATE

REQ. P.O.

PROJECT BY CHK’D APPR.

1. Complete Assembly Other 11. Mounting Thread 

HEAD 12. Connection: 2-Wire b 3-Wire b 4-Wire b
2. Screwed Cover b Other  Lead Wires b Receptacle b Bayonet Lock b
3. Explosion Proof b Class b  Other 
4. Material  Cond. Conn.  WELL OR TUBE
5. Nipple Size  Dim. "N"  Union b 13. Material 
ELEMENT 14. Construction: Tapered b Straight b
6. Platinum b Nickel b Other  Drilled b Built-Up b Closed End b
7. Ice Point Resistance  Tube
15. Dim: MFR. STD. b O.D.  I.D. 
8. Temperature Range 
16. Internal Thread 
9. Leads: STD b Potted b Herm. Sealed b
17. Process Connection.: 
10. Sheath Material  O.D. 

Rev. Tag No. Well Dimens. Element Single Type Gage Service Notes
Length Duplex
"U" "T"

Notes:

IPS-FORM E-IN-120.4a

45
 IPS-E-IN-120

SHEET    OF   
INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATION
SPEC. No. REV
RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE SENSORS
No. BY DATE REVISION
SPECIFICATION SHEET
CONTRACT DATE

REQ. P.O.

PROJECT BY CHK’D APPR.

Well Dim. Element Single

Rev. Tag No. Length or Dual Service Notes
"U" "T"

Notes:
Process connection, Flange size, Flange class & Thread

IPS-FORM E-IN-120.4b

46
 IPS-E-IN-120

RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE SENSORS

Instructions for IPS Forms No. E-IN-120 4a & 4b.

Refer to Scientific Apparatus Manufacturers Association (SAMA) Tentative Standard on Resistance, RC 5-10-1955.

1) Complete assembly includes head, element, and well; as shown in sketch.

5) Give size and pipe schedule of nipple. Check if union is required.

7) The ice point resistance in ohms usually defines the resistance vs. temperature curve. If not, provide addi-
tional data as an attachment.

8) Give maximum range over which the elements will be used.

9) Specify sealing of leads.

11) This thread is on the element termination, not the well.

12) It is necessary to specify the number of wires, depending on the compensation required. The other items
refer to the element termination.

14) A built-up well has a welded tip and connection.

16) Internal thread of flange if well flange is threaded.

Instructions for the tabulation:

17) Process Connection is the connection on the element or well which is connected to the pipe or vessel.

Well dimensions are illustrated in the sketch. It is not necessary to specify "Element Length" if well dimensions
are already given. Single or Dual elements are assumed to be within the same sheath. Refer to Notes by number
or letter and explain in the space at the bottom of the form.

47
 IPS-E-IN-120

SHEET    OF   
INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATION
SPEC. No. REV
INDICATING BIMETAL THERMOWELLS
No. BY DATE REVISION
SPECIFICATION SHEET
∆ CONTRACT DATE

∆
∆ REQ. P.O.
∆
∆ BY CHK’D APPR.

PROJECT

THERMOMETER WELL
1. Stem: Threaded b Plain b Union b 10. None b Included b By Others b
Material  11. Material: 304 SS b 316 SS b Bayonet Lock b
2. Stem or Union Thread: ¾" b ½ ½ ½" b Other: 
3. Stem Diameter: STD b 6 mm. b 9 mm. b 12. Construction: Drilled b Built-Up b
4. Case Material : STD b Other  Other 
5. Dial Size  Color  Well Length Must Suit Stem length.
6. Scale length  Color 
7. Form: Fig. No.  Adjustable b
8. External Calibrator b Herm Sealed Case b
9. MFR. & Model No. 

Operating Stem Length Lag

Rev. Tag No. Range Temp Well Conn. Ext. Service Notes

Notes:

IPS-FORM E-IN-120.5a
48
 IPS-E-IN-120

SHEET    OF   
INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATION
SPEC. No. REV
THERMOCOUPLE AND THERMOWELLS
No. BY DATE REVISION
SPECIFICATION SHEET
CONTRACT DATE

REQ. P.O.

PROJECT BY CHK’D APPR.

Operating Stem Length Lag

Rev. Tag No. Range Temp Well Conn. Ext. Service Notes

Notes:
Process connection, Flange size, Flange class & Thread

IPS-FORM E-IN-120.5b

49
 IPS-E-IN-120

BI-METAL THERMOMETERS

Instructions for IPS Form No. E-IN-120 5a & 5b.

1) Specify mounting termination of stem and write in stem materials or "MFR. STD."

2) Select stem thread size.

3) Stem diameter standards may vary. Check specific size if this is important.

4) Write in case material if other than standard.

5) Write in nominal dial size and color.

6) Scale Length.

7) The form of the thermometer is illustrated on the form. The adjustable form may be set to any angle. If a stem
connection form other than shown is required, make a sketch in the space provided.

8) Check applicable options.

9) List specific make and model number when selection is made.

10) Specify how well is to be furnished, if any.

11) Specify well material. If not all are the same, cover exceptions by notes in the tabulation.

12) Specify well construction. A "built-up" well has a welded tip. Special well designs should be described by a
sketch in the space provided or on an attached sheet.

Tabulation:

Tag No: It is assumed that a tag number represents a single item. If multiple units have the same number,
cover this with a special note.

Range: Write "F" or "C" at the top of the column. May be left blank on initial issue if Operating Temp.
is specified.

Operating:

Temp. Must be filled in if range is not specified.

Stem Length: Refer to illustrations on form.

Well Conn: Show thread size, such at (1 in. NPT) or flange size and rating, such as (1 in. 150 1b). All
flanges are assumed to be ANSI Standard; if not, cover by a special note.

Lag. Ext: Applies to screwed wells only.

Note:

Index notes by number or letter and specify in space below tabulation.

50
 IPS-E-IN-120

INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATION SPEC. No. REV

PROJECT DATE CONT No.
No. BY REVISION
PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE SWITCHES DATE
SPECIFICATION SHEET
∆ MANUFACTURER

∆ P.O No.

∆ BY CHK’D APPR.

GENERAL
1 TAG. No.

2 TYPE

4 SERVICE

5 RANGE

PRESSURE ELEMENT
6 TYPE

7 MATERIAL

8 CONN: SIZE LOCATION

THERMAL ELEMENT
9 TYPE SYSTEM

10 TYPE & SIZE CONN

11 EXTENSION NECK

12 BULB MATERIAL

13 BULB LOCATION TO CASE

14 TUBING LENGTH

15 TUBING TYPE & MAT’L.

16 ARMOR MATERIAL

17 WELL CONN SIZE & TYPE

18 WELL MATERIAL

19 "U" DIMENSION (NOMINAL)

20 "T" DIMENSION

SWITCH
21 TYPE

22 QUANTITY FORM

23 ENCLOSURE

24 CONDUIT CONN SIZE & TYPE

25 RATING: VOLTS CY OR D.C.

26 AMPS WATTS KW

27 LOAD TYPE

28 MINIMUM DIFFERENTIAL

29 DIFF: FLXED ADJUST

30 ADJUSTMENT: INT EXT

31 CON. OPEN ON INCR

TACTS: CLOSE PROC DECR.

SERVICE CONDITIONS
32 TEMP: OPER. MAX.

33 PRESS. OPER. MAX.

34 TRIP POINT

35 MANUFACTURERS MODEL No.

NOTES: U- Dimension means: Insertion lenght

T- Dimension means: Lag Extension

IPS-FORM E-IN-120.6
51
 IPS-E-IN-120

TEMP. SWITCHES

Instructions for IPS Form No. E-IN-120. 6.

2) Specify type: Blind or indicating.

5) Range to be specified in C.

9) Specify sensing element, filled or bimetallic.

10) Specify Conn. size such as ½" NPT.

11) Length of extension neck if applicable.

12) Such as 316 S.St.

13) Normally is bottom.

17) Such as 1" NPT and ½" NPT.

19) Insertion length.

20) Lag Extension.

21) Such as snap-action, mercury etc.

22) Such as single or dual SPDT (Single-Pole, Double Throw) or SPST (Single-Pole, Single Throw).

23) Specify either weather proof or Hazardous area, NEMA or IEC classification number to be mentioned.

24) Such as ½" NPT.

27) Such as inductive or non-inductive.

52