Chapter 1 Phlippine Geography

Unit 1: Philippine Geography, Tourism & Culture
HTC 15- PHILIPPINES

GEOGRAPHY, TOURISM &
CULTURE
PREPARED BY:
MARK GREGORY V.ASEJO
JOSEPH P.PINILI
RONALD A. ESPADA
ALTHEA A. MANUEL
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Unit 1: Philippine Profile, Culture & Tourism
Introduction:
The Philippine archipelago, which is positioned in the western Pacific Ocean, is

divided into three distinct administrative and geographic regions. The northern
region of Luzon, home to the capital city of Manila, is the economic, financial and
administrative centre of the country and its industrial base. Visayas comprises the
Philippines’ central islands, where much of the country’s abundant biodiversity
and tourism destinations are located, whereas Mindanao, the country’s second-
largest island, makes up the southern-most region and is a largely rural economy.
The country is subdivided into 18 regions, with the Metro Manila area accounting
for 17 highly urbanised cities and one municipality.
The nation’s strategic positioning as a gateway between the Pacific and

the rest of Asia, in particular its proximity to the region’s two largest economies,
China and Japan, provides it with several vital sea routes for trade and commerce.
However, China’s expanding footprint in the region and dispute over territory in
the South China Sea is putting bilateral trade between the two nations at risk.
Boasting the 3rd-largest Catholic population in the world, the Philippines

sharply contrasts with the rest of South-east Asia. The greatest influence of
Spanish rule, Roman Catholicism makes the Philippines one of only two Asian
countries with a majority Christian population (the other being East Timor). Over
90% of Filipinos identify as Christian, with the majority (around 81%) saying
they are Roman Catholic and the rest split between Protestant and other Christian
denominations. Muslims make up around 5% of the population, primarily in and
around the south in Mindanao. The vestiges of US and Spanish occupation
remain, and have had a distinct influence on the archipelago’s culture.
Natural resources are plentiful in the Philippines. Named by the Asian

Development Bank as the world’s fifth-most-mineralized country in the world,
30% of the country’s total land area of 30m ha is believed to contain metallic
mineral deposits, including nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt and copper. The rich
minerals found in the country are mostly a result of its volcanic geology and its
position along the Ring of Fire. The volcanoes also contribute significant
geothermal resources, making the Philippines the world’s second-largest producer
of geothermal energy producer, after the US.
Despite abundant resources, mining has remained an underdeveloped

sector, with only 1.5% of the country’s land area covered by mining permits, and
with the sector contributing only about 3% of GDP. Similarly, while many
countries in the region have seen significant development of oil and gas deposits,
the Philippines has remained largely dependent on energy imports. With total
production of 3.07m barrels of oil at the Galoc oilfield and 130.35bn standard cu
feet at Malampaya in 2014, the two projects are the most prolific energy assets
developed thus far. Nowadays, coal is the dominant energy type, and several coal-
fired facilities are being built throughout the country. However, the Philippines is
endowed with renewable energy sources, particularly geothermal.
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This lesson describes the Philippine Geography on its Physical

Environment, origin and natural resources. It also discussed the Cultural practices
and domestic tourism in the Philippines.
Unit Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the unit, you will be able to:

a. Trace the Philippine profile;
b. Describe the geographical characteristics and regions of the Philippines;
c. Identify the top tourists destinations in the Philippines;
d. Discuss what is tourism and its importance to the economy;
e. Explain the influence of culture on tourism;
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Lesson 1: Philippine Profile
Specific Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

a. Trace the origin and geography of the Philippines,
b. Describe and explain the Physical Environment & Natural Resources;
c. Identify the Type of government & languages use in the Country;
d. Enumerate the different regions of the Philippines;
f. Make a collage about the Philippine profile.
Capturing the Concept:

Direction: Answer the following question by filling out the KWL Matrix.
1. What is the Philippine Geography on its physical environment & natural

resources ?
K W L
What You Know What You Want To Learn What You Learned and
Still Want to Learn
Hunting for Information:
ORIGIN AND GEOGRAPHY OF THE PHILIPPINES
Physical Environment and Its Natural Resources
A. ORIGIN OF THE PHILIPPINES
There are many explanations about the origin of our land, as follows:
 As Christians, we believe that the land forms were made by God as part of his
creation. After the Great Flood in time of Noah, many continents and islands
appeared. So the descendants of Noah spread out to many parts of the world.
 The other religions of some tribes explain the origin of our land by telling
“Legends”.
 Legends or myths are stories that are not true, but people use them to explain
some thing in colorful way.
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 Other believed that the eruption caused the gradual emergence of the islands
above the ocean.
 The most popular- accepted scientific theory states that the Philippines was part of
the “Sunda Shelf”, or the continental shelf of Asia.
 About 25,000 years ago, the ice age ended the worlds ice melted, and the rising
sea level flooded the land bridges connecting the continent of Asia and the
Philippines.
I.LOCATION
 The Philippines lies in Southeast Asia, a little above the Equator, between
latitudes 4°23’N and longitude 116°E and 127°E.
 The map shown the Philippine Territorial sea and Exclusive Economic Zone.
EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE
 It is bounded in the east by the Pacific Ocean, in the west by the South China Sea,
Bashi channel, and in the south by the Zulu and Celebes Seas.
 The northernmost island is Y’ami, only 240 km. from Taiwan, which can be seen on
a clear day. The southernmost island in Saluag Isle, about 24 km. from Sabah (North
Borneo).
The Philippine location is important because:
 It is the only Christian nation in the non-Christian Asian world.

 It is the melting pot of races and cultures, with a unique heritage from Asia,
Europe, Latin America, and North America.
 It is the bridge that links the Occidental and Oriental worlds.
 It is at the crossroads of Asia’s air and sea routes.
 It is the bastion of democracy in Asia where most countries are kingdoms,
military dictatorships, or one-party government .
II. AREA
 The total land area of the Phil. Is 300,780sq. km. or 0.2percent of the worlds
land mass.
 Having 7,107 islands, it is one of the world’s largest archipelagos or group of
islands.
 The 11 main islands and their areas are Luzon(104,687 sq. km.);
Mindanao(94,630sq.km.);Samar(13,080sq.km.);Negros(12,709sq.km.);Palawa
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n(11,785sq.km.);Panay(11,515sq.km.);Mindoro(9,735ssq.km.);Leyte(7,214sq.k
m.);Cebu(4,422)sq.km.);Bohol(3,864sq.km.);and Masbate(3,269sq.km.)
 On June 11,1978, President Marcos signed Presidential Decree No.1596,
declaring the Kalayaan (Spratly) Island a part of the Philippines, to be
administered as municipality of the Province of Palawan.
III. TOPOGRAPHY
 Topography means the physical features of country. The Philippines is an

inverted Y-shaped archipelago of numerous islands, and islets, coral reefs,
abundant rivers, lakes and bays; mountains and valleys; cool plateaus and scenic
volcanoes.
 It has the longest discontinuous coastline in the world-34,600kilometer. It has
61 natural harbors and 20 landlocked straits.
 Manila Bay is the finest harbor in Asia and also the largest Bay in the
Philippines .
 The narrowest strait in the world is the San Juanico Strait between Samar and
Leyte, now connected by the San Juanico Bridge.
 The great Peninsulas in the country are historic Bataan Peninsula and the
fertile Bicol Peninsula in Luzon , and The Zamboanga and Davao Peninsula in
Mindanao.
 The lowest place in the country is the “Philippine Deep” some 89 km.
northeast of Mindanao. With depth of 37,732 ft. below sea level, it is said to be
“the deepest place in the world.”
 The Philippines has softly mountains and numerous valleys
IV. SEVEN MAJOR MOUNTAINS RANGES
 The longest being the Sierra

Mountain range from
Cagayan Province in the north
and to Laguna in the south.
 The highest mountain is Mt.
Apo in Mindanao(9,690 feet
or 2,954) meters above sea
level.) The second highest
peak is Mt. Pulog on the
Ifugao-Benguet boundary in
Luzon (2,982 meters).
 Other noted peaks are
Mt.Banahaw in Laguna-
Quezon ;Mt. Bulusan in
Sorsogon; Mt. Halcon in
Mindoro Oriental; Mt.
Kanloan in Negros
Occidental; and Mt.
Matutum in Cotabato.
V. FOUR MAJOR
LOWLANDS PLAINS
 The Central Plain

and Cagayan Valley in
Luzon, and Agusan
Valley and the Cotobato
Valley in Mindanao.
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 The Central Plain is the “rice granary” of the Philippines. Cagayan Valley is
the greatest tobacco-producing region in Asia, is also the largest valley.
 Among the famous plateaus are the Benguet Plateau in northern Luzon on
which nestles the summer capital of the Philippines, Baguio (“City of Pines”),
and the fertile Bukidnon Plateau in Mindanao. Famous for its delicious
pineapples.
VI.ABOUT 132 RIVERS

TRAVERSE THE
COUNTRY.
 Its longest river is the

Cagayan river, whose
annual flood fertilizes the
Cagayan Valley as the
Nile river of Egypt.
 In water volume, the
Rio Grande of
Mindanao is the Largest
river .
 Most historic of the
Philippine rivers is the Pasig River, which is unfortunately is now so badly
polluted it is gradually dying.
 Out of 59 natural Lakes, the Largest is Laguna de Bay which was source of
inspiration for Jose Rizal our national hero.
 There are spring that are vulnerable for their medicinal waters and for
geothermal power like in Los Baños and Pan sol in Laguna Pandi and Sibul in
Bulacan; Tiwi in Albay; and Magsingal in Ilocos sur.
 Water falls provide tourist attractions and hydroelectric power. The world
renowned Pagsanjan Falls in Laguna is a favorite tourists resort and move
location.
Other waterfalls are the ff:
a. Maria Cristina Falls in Lanao del Norte;

b. Hinulugang Taktak in Antipolo;
c. Tamaraw Falls in Mindoro Oriental; and Darosdos Falls in Samar.
VI. CLIMATE
 The Philippine climate is tropical and monsoonal in character.

 The temperature varies from 21°to 32°C(70° to 90° F)
 There are the two instincts seasons- the dry season (from December to May) and
the wet season (from June to November.)
 The coldest month is January and the Hottest month is May.
 Humidity in rather high from 71 to 85 percent. Due to the tropical weather and
surrounding seas.
 Rain fall is the most important factor in its climate, with most rainy days from
July to Oct.
VII. Natural Calamities
The Philippines sits on “Ring Of Fire” where most natural calamities happen.
These natural calamities are typhoons, earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. They
cause great damage to people , property and nature.
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One natural calamity is the Typhoon. It is the Chinese word meaning strong
wind and heavy rain .
Super Typhoon Haiyan, also known as Super Typhoon Yolanda, made landfall in
the Philippines on Nov. 8, 2013, as a Category 5 storm. It laid waste to the Visayas
group of islands, the country’s central region and home to 17 million people.
Haiyan was the most powerful storm in 2013 and one of the most powerful
typhoons of all time.
In English it is called a “storm”. During the months of June to October , more
than a dozen Typhoon hit the country.
The most terrible earthquake that hit the country was on July 16, 1990. The
earthquake, which measured 7.7 on the Richter scale, killed more than
1,500people on the main island of Luzon.
IX. VOLCANOES
 There are more than 50 volcanoes in

the country.
 Most famous and scenic of the Phil.
volcanoes is Mt. Mayon in Albay,
Bicol, which has a nearly perfect one.
It has erupted more than 30 times in
recorded history from 1616 to the
present.
 It is the most destructive eruption
occurred on Feb.1,1814, when the town
of Casagwa was buried 1,2oo people
died.
 Taal the smallest and most unusual volcano, being surrounded by a lake in
Batangas erupted more than 20 times. The volcano last erupted on the afternoon of
January 12, 2020,
 The worst Volcanic eruption in history happened at Mt. Pinatubo, Zambales in
June 1991. The Pinatubo volcanic eruption damaged six provinces in Central
Luzon. It is believed that the Pinatubo Affected climate around the world.
B. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
God, Land and People. There

are three important parts about
knowing the country’s history.
These are:
- GOD, PEOPLE and Land
- The Philippines is blessed in all

three ways.
I. THE NAME PHILIPPINES
 Early Chinese traders who

visited Mindoro called our nation
“Ma-yi”. This means land of gold,
because they bought gold in
Mindoro.
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 A Greek map maker named Claudius Ptolemy (90-168A.D.) called our islands
“Maniolas” in his ancient map.
 When Magellan came in 1521 he called the Philippines “Archipelago of
St. Lazarus”. But the name did not become popular.
 In 1543, a Spanish Explorer named Ruy Lopez de Villalobos gave the
name “Felipinas” to the Philippines Phil. In honor of Crown Prince
Felipe(Philip) who later became King Philip II of Spain.
 The “Felipinas” later became “Filipinas” during the Spanish colonial era.
Then it became “the Philippine Islands” during the American colonial era. Then
“the Republic of the Philippines.
 Then “the Republic of the Philippines” after our independence in 1946.
“Pearl Of the Orient Sea” -the most popular nickname for the Philippines.
- This was the romantic name given to our country by two Famous writers.
One of them was a Spanish missionary-historian named Fr. Juan J. Delgado in
1751. But the Filipino who popularized this name was Dr. Jose Rizal, our
National Hero.
II. NATURAL RESOURCES
 The natural resources of a country include soil, plant and animal life, fish and
marine resources, minerals, energy sources, and scenic beauty of nature.
A. Soil
 Soil the country’s more important natural resources because most of the people
earn a living from tilling the land. The people are fortunate to have a highly fertile
soil.
 According to the Bureau of Soils, about 75% of the country’s arable land of 11
million hectares has been badly eroded.
 When properly cultivate the farms and plantation can yield good crops – rice
and corn, coconuts, sugar abaca and tobacco, and fruits (bananas, pineapples and
mangoes) and nuts. The Philippines ranks first in world production of coconuts
and hemp products; second in sugar; and fifth in tobacco.
B. The World’s Greatest

Biodiversity
 God has blessed our

country with the greatest
diversity of plant and animal
life on earth. We have richest
and most numerous species of
plant and animals.
C. Plant Life
 According to agricultural
experts, 8,120 species of plant grow in the country. About 1000 varieties of
orchids, 1000 species of rice, and 3000 species of trees found in it.
 The “Queen of Philippine Flowers” is the famous Sampaguita, the national
flower.
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D. Animal Life
 About 850 species of birds are found in country, more than Australia, Japan, and
other Asian countries. The Biggest Bird is the eastern Sarus Crane, known as
tipol in Luzon and labong in Visayas. It is the wadding bird with very long legs
andf neck. When full grown, it is five and half feet.
Other remarkable birds in the country are;
The Philippine or Monkey eating eagle, the World’s Largest Eagle, which is now the
National Birds.
1) The Kalaw, called the “ Clock of the Mountains” by the Spanish

colonizers because, it always makes a loud call at noon in the mountains.
2) The Katala, which can talk and sing like a human.
3) The Palawan Peacock, a dancing bird with gorgeous plumage and;
4) The Limbas, a hawk which screams repeatedly as it soars into the sky; tik-
wee tik-wee.
5) The most useful of the animals is the Carabao(water buffalo), the
farmers best friend.
Four unique animals are:
1. the Tamaraw of Mindoro which looks like a dwarf carabao and is fierce like a
tiger;
2. the Tarsier of Bohol, reputed to be the smallest monkey in the world;
3. the mouse deer of Balabac Island (Palawan Province which is the smallest deer in
the world;and
4. the Zebronkey, which is half zebra and half donkey, bred for the first time at the
Manila Zoo in 1962.
E. Forest Resources
 The forest lands have total area 16,633,000 hectares,

representing55percent of the total land area.
 More than 3,000 species of trees are found in our forests, 1000 of which
are commercial timber.
 The most famous of forest trees is the Narra,”Queen of the Philippine
Wood”. It is the National Tree.
F. Fish And Marine Resources
 At least 2,000 species of fish are found in the waters of the archipelago
 Both the world’s largest fish and the world’s two smallest fish are found in
the Philippines.
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 The huge of “whale shark”(Rhincodon typus) is called “pating bulik”

(striped shark) by fishermen because of its black stripes. It is about 50 feet in
length and weighs several tons, and was firsts sighted in 1816 at Mariveles
Bay.
 The Pygmy goby fish (Pandaka pygmea) and tabios, the two smallest
fish, were found in the Philippine waters. Like the size of a grain of rice.
 Of the world’s 60,000 species of shells some 20,000 are available in the
Philippines.
 The world’s rarest and most expensive shell,called “Glory Of the
Sea”(Conus gloriamaris), and the Golden Cowrie, another rare shell, are
both found here.
 Also present in Philipppine waters are the world’s largest shell, Tridacna
gigas, and the world’s smallest shell, Pisidium.
 Ludong, also known as the president's fish or Pacific Salmon for
its delectable taste, is being sold for at least P6,000 a kilo, making it the
country's most expensive fish.Ludong can only be found in the Cagayan
Valley and some rivers in the Cordillera.
G. Pearl of Allah
-the world’s largest natural pearl, is said to be 350 years old, 14 pounds in
weight. It was valued at US $ 3.5million. a fraction of the size of the
newly revealed pearl. The 75-pound pearl is now on display in the city
hall of Puerto Princesa; the local government has dubbed it the
"Pearl of Puerto."
H. Minerals
 Many minerals are found in the country (metallic or non-metallic).Metallic

mineral like nickel. Copper, iron, and gold are relatively abundant. The country
is one of Asia’s great gold producing regions.
 The best known copper district in the country is Mankayan in the Mountain
Province where the oldest and best copper mine still exist.
 The greatest iron bearing areas in the country are in the Surigao provinces (del
norte and del sur).
I. ENERGY SOURCES
 Energy (power) is used to supply electricity and fuel to run factories, light
homes and offices, and to move cars, trucks and boats. After the 1973 “energy
crisis” and the world economic slump, people have become more aware of the
importance of their power and fuel supplied.
The Philippines energy needs are supplied by
a) Oil
b) hydroelectric power
c) bagasse (sugar cane wastes);
d) geothermal energy
e) coal and;
f) new sources of energy , like solar power biogas, agro-forestry
wastes, natural gas, alcogas and wood.
J. Hidden Treasures
 The Oil and Gas Discovery in Palawan.

 In 2001, the discovery of more oil and gas in Malampaya,
Palawan, caused great excitement. The delivery of oil and
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natural gas from this Field offers great economic

improvement.
 The Palawan find is the biggest oil and gas field in the
country. It also deepest well in the world , going 3,000 meters
above sea level.
EARLY HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINES
A. Stone-Age(c.50,000 - c.500 BC)
 The first evidence

of the systematic use of
Stone-Age technologies
in the Philippines is
estimated to have dated
back to about 50,000
BC, and this phase in the
development of proto-
Philippine societies is
considered to end with
the rise of metal tools in
about 500 BC, although
stone tools continued to be used past that date. Filipino Anthropologist F. Landa
Jocano refers to the earliest noticeable stage in the development of proto-
Philippine societies as the Formative Phase. He also identified stone tool and
ceramics making as the two core industries that defined the economic activity of
the time, and which shaped the means by which early Filipinos adapted to their
environment during this period.
 About 30,000 BC, the Negritos, who became the ancestors of
today's Aetas, or Aboriginal Filipinos, descended from more northerly abodes in
Central Asia passing through the Indian Subcontinent and reaching the
Andamanese Islands. From thereon, the Negritos continued to venture on land
bridges reachingSoutheast Asia.
 While some of the Negritos settled in Malaysia, becoming what is now
the Orang Asli people, several Negrito tribes continued on to the Philippines
through Borneo. No evidence has survived which would indicate details of
Ancient Filipino life such as their crops, color, and architecture.
B. Callao Man (c. 41000 BC)
 The earliest human remains

known in the Philippines are
the fossilized remains
discovered in 2007 by Armand
Salvador Mijares in Callao
Cave, Cagayan,Philippines. A
67,000 years old remains that
predates Tabon Man.
Specifically, the find consisted
of a single 61
milimeter metatarsal which,
when dated using uranium
series ablation, was found to be
at least about 67,000 years old.
If definitively proven to be
remains of Homo sapiens, it
would antedate the 47,000 year
old remains of Tabon Man to
become the earliest human
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remains known in the Philippines, and one of the oldest human remains in the Asia
Pacific.
C. Tabon Man(c.24000 or 22,000 BC)
 A fossilized fragments of a skull and jawbone of three individuals,

discovered on May 28, 1962 by Dr. Robert B. Fox, an American anthropologist
of the National Museum. These fragments are collectively called "Tabon Man"
after the place where they were found on the west coast of Palawan. Tabon
Cave appears to be a kind of Stone Age factory, with both finished stone flake
tools and waste core flakes having been found at four separate levels in the main
chamber. Charcoal left from three assemblages of cooking fires there has
been Carbon-14 dated to roughly 7,000, 20,000, and 22,000 BCE.
 The Tabon man fossils are considered to have come from a third group of
inhabitants, who worked the cave between 22,000 and 20,000 BCE. An earlier
cave level lies so far below the level containing cooking fire assemblages that it
must represent Upper Pleistocene dates like 45 or 50 thousand years ago.
III. Regions and Provinces in the Philippines
 The Philippines is composed of 7,107 islands situated in the South - East Asian part
of the globe.
 The Philippine islands are clustered into three (3) island groups called Luzon,
Visayas and Mindanao which are further subdivided into seventeen (17) regions.
A.The island group of Luzon is composed of Ilocos Region, Cagayan

Valley, Central Luzon, CALABARZON, MIMAROPA, Bicol Region,
Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) and the National Capital Region
(NCR) otherwise known as Metro Manila.
B.The Visayas island group is composed of Western Visayas, Central

Visayas and Eastern Visayas.
C.South of the Philippines is the Mindanao island group composed of

Zamboanga Peninsula, Northern Mindanao, Davao Region,
SOCCSKSARGEN, CARAGA and the Autonomous Region of Muslim
Mindanao (ARMM).
1)ILOCOS -Ilocos Norte, -Ilocos Sur, -La Union -Pangasinan

2)CAGAYAN VALLEY -Batanes, -Cagayan, -Isabela, -Nueva Viscaya, - Quirino
3)CENTRAL LUZON -Aurora, -Bataan, -Bulacan, -Nueva Ecija, -Pampanga, -Tarlac,
-Zambales
4)CALABARZON -Batangas, -Cavite, -Laguna, -Quezon -Rizal
5)MIMAROPA -Marinduque, -Occidental Mindoro, -Oriental Mindoro, -Palawan, -
Romblon
6)BICOL -Albay, -Camarines Norte, -Camarines Sur, -Catanduanes, -Masbate, -
Sorsogon
7)Western Visayas -Aklan, -Antique, -Capiz, -Iloilo, -Guimaras, -Negros Occidental
8)Central Visayas -Bohol, -Cebu, -Negros Occidental, - Negros Oriental, -Siquijor
9)Eastern Visayas -Biliran, - Eastern Samar, -Leyte, -Northern Samar, -Samar, -
Southern Leyte
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10) Zamboanga Peninsula -Zamboanga Sibugay, -Zamboanga del Norte, -

Zamboanga del Sur, -Zamboanga City*, -Isabela City*
11) Northern Mindanao -Bukidnon, -Camiguin, -Misamis Occidental, -Misamis
Oriental, -Lanao del Norte
12) Davao -Davao City*, -Davao del Norte, - Davao del Sur, - Davao Oriental, -
Compostela Valley
13) SOCCSKSARGEN -North Cotabato, -Sultan Kudarat, -South Cotabato, -
Saranggani
14) CARAGA -Agusan del Norte, -Agusan del Sur, -Surigao del Norte, -Surigao del
Sur
15) CAR- Abra, -Benguet, -Ifugao, -Kalinga, -Apayao, -Mountain Province
16) ARRM- Basilan, -Sulu, -Tawi-tawi, -Lanao del Sur, -Maguindanao
17) NCR- Composed of the cities of: -Caloocan, -Las Piñas, -Quezon City, -Makati, -
Manila, -Muntinlupa, -Parañaque, -Pasig, -Pasay, - Malabon, -Mandaluyong, -Marikina
-Valenzuela - Taguig. -municipalities of Navotas, -Pateros and San Juan
IV.GOVERNMENT
Today, the Philippines is considered a republic with an executive branch made up

of a chief of state and a head of government—both of which are filled by the president.
The legislative branch of government is made up of a bicameral Congress that consists
of a Senate and House of Representatives. The judicial branch is made up of the
Supreme Court, the Court of Appeals, and the Sandiganbayan, a special appellate
anti-graft court set up in 1973. The Philippines is divided into 80 provinces and 120
charter cities for local administration.
Assimilating Learning:
Activity: Collage Making
The Philippines is an archipelagic country bestowed with majestic natural

beauty. Hence, to showcase this unique beauty, make a collage about the lessons learned.
Use a 2X3 feet illustration board. You may use old magazines and newspaper or any
printed media available to you. At the back part make a written description of your art
work.
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Moments of Truth:
Direction: Identify what is asked in each of the question. Write your answers on
the space provided before each item.
_____________1. How many provinces does the Philippines Have?
_____________2. How many islands are there in the Philippines?
_____________3-6- What countries/ territories are surrounding the Philippines?
A. East:_____________________
B. West: ____________________
C. South:____________________
D. North: ___________________
_____________7. It is the finest harbor in Asia and also the largest Bay in the Philippines
.
_____________8. The longest Mountain which range from Cagayan Province in the
north and to Laguna in the south.
_____________9. Longest river found found in the north of the Philippines.
____________10. The Most famous and scenic of the Phil. Volcanoes which has a
nearly perfect one and erupted more than 30 times in recorded history from 1616 to the
present.
______________11. The most popular nickname for the Philippines.
______________12. World’s Largest Eagle, which is now the National Birds.
______________13. It is reputed to be the smallest monkey in the world;
______________14. The most expensive fish in the Philippines which found in

Cagayan?
_______________15. The earliest human remains known in the Philippines are the
fossilized remains discovered in 2007 by Armand Salvador Mijares.
Summary:
The PHILIPPINES stands at the crossroads of the developed western world and the
Orient. It lies in the heart of Southeast Asia, stretching more than 1,840 kilometers.
Composed of 7,107 islands, the Philippines is readily accessible to the different
capitals of the world. Its three main islands are Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.
The South China Sea washes its western shores. Taiwan, China and Hong Kong are
northern neighbors and further north is Japan. To the west lie Southeast Asian
countries such as Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand. An arm of the archipelago reaches
15
out towards Borneo and at its feet stands the chain of Indonesian islands. To the east
and south, the waters of the Pacific Ocean sweep its headlands, looking out towards
Micronesia and Polynesia.
Its unique location has made the Philippines the commercial, cultural and intellectual
hub of Asia from the dawn of history.
REFERENCES:
https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk01BaC1w4jeNiZH7XU5Xhf21pwMg
%3A1613715848786&ei=
https://www.slideshare.net/karyllcallangan/philippine-geography
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_the_Philippines
https://www.thoughtco.com/geography-of-the-philippines-1435646
Lesson 2: DOMESTIC TOURISM
a. Understand what TOURISM is.

b. Define and understand the types of Domestic Tourists in the Philippines
c. Identify the top tourists destinations in the Philippines
d. Understand and Explain the influence of culture on tourism; ;
e. Discuss what is tourism and its importance to the economy;and
f. Create a domestic portfolio.
16
Capturing the Concept:

Direction: Answer the following question by filling out the Table Matrix.
Question: Answer:
1. What comes in your mind if you see &
read the words Domestic Tourism?
2.Write a short description of your most

recent travel?
3.Why its more fun in the Philippines?
Tourism comprises the activities

of people travelling to and
staying in places outside their
usual environment for not more
than one consecutive year for
leisure, business and other
purposes. (Source: World
Tourism Organization)
 practice of
travelling to and visiting
places for pleasure the and
relaxation
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 Tourism has proven itself to be the major catalyst for development in any
country.
- It has also elevated its role as a major player in other aspects such as environment
protection and revitalization of culture.
I. TOURISM
1. Is the travel for recreational, leisure, family or business purposes, usually

of a limited duration.
2. is an activity done by an individual or a group of individuals, which leads
to a motion from a place to another. From a country to another for performing a
specific task, or it is a visit to a place or several places in the purpose of
entertaining which leads to an awareness of other civilizations and cultures, also
increasing the knowledge of countries, cultures, and history.
3. A temporary short term movement of people to destinations outside
the places where there normally live and work and their activities during
their stay at these destinations.
4. has a direct impact on the national revenue for all touristic countries, it
creates work opportunities, industries, and several investments to serve and raise
nations performance and cultures, also distributes their history, civilization, and
traditions
The World Tourism Organization- defines tourists as people "traveling to and staying
in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for
leisure, business and other purposes".
1. Tourism Industry- can be defined as a service industry. It includes transportation,

accommodation and services.
- Hospitality
A term implies whereby a guest who is away from home is welcomed by a host where
basic necessities are provided such as food, beverages and lodging. The term is derived
from the Latin word ‘hospitaire’, which means ‘to receive a guest’.
2. Hospitality Industry
An industry comprises business entity of food, beverages, lodging or a combination of

these businesses to travellers during their stay in a destination.
- Leisure
The condition of having ones time free from the demands of work or duty.
• Freedom or spare time provided by the cessation of activities;
• free time as a result of temporary exemption from work or duties;• a time at ones own
command that is free of engagements or responsibilities;
- Recreation
a. Refreshment by means of some pastime, agreeable exercise, or the like.
b. Re-create: to renew or enliven through the influence of pleasurable surroundings;

c. to refresh after wearying toil or anxiety, usually by change or diversion;
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d. The act of recreating or the state of being recreated: refreshment of the strength and
spirits after oil; diversion, play; a means of getting diversion or entertainment.
Based on the WTO, tourism could be categorized as:
1. Domestic Tourism involves trips made by local residents within their own
countries.
Example: A Filipino, who lives in the Philippines, takes a business trip to Bacolod
City.
2. International Tourism involves trips between 2 countries.

Example: Trips between Hong Kong and Japan. - Hong Kong as the point of
origin/point of destination
DOMESTIC VS. INTERNATIONAL:
Expense  Travel requirements  Cultural adjustments
1. The Philippines is a perfect

example of how tourism can be
a major player in economic and
social development .
2. Even in the face of consistent

negative political and economic
events in the past decades , the
industry was able to perpetuate
and become a major business
and employment provider for
many Filipinos.
Domestic Tourist- They are

tourists who travel within their own country.
- Domestic tourists are ten times as many as international tourists ; as a group spend
seven times the amount spent by the latter. (Source: World Tourism Organization)
Exanples domestic tourist - Businessmen  Executives  Diplomats  Missionaries 

Students  Workers Vacationers  Pleasure travellers  Backpackers
- Inter Regional Tourists ◦ Moves from one region to another

Example: From MANILA (NCR) to NEGROS (NCR) 
- Intra Regional Tourists ◦ Moves from one province to another within one specific
region
Example: From NEGROS (NCR) to CEBU (Region 7) / BOHOL (Region 7)
TYPES OF DOMESTIC TOURISTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

 Local Tourists ◦ Often classified as an excursionist because of the assumption
that he/she will not need to stay beyond 24 hours in his/her destination which is always
within his/her province
Example: From Bacolod to Talisay
What is International Tourism?
 International tourism involves tourists who are traveling to foreign countries.
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 An example of international tourism includes a Chinese tourist visiting Sta. Ana.

Cagayan, Philippines.
 Since these tourists cross international borders, they have to carry a passport and
visa and exchange their money into the local currency.
 An international tourist may find the local culture strange and new because he or she
only has a basic idea about the traditions, etiquettes, and rules of a country.
 For example, certain gestures may be considered rude in a particular region or a
certain way of dressing may be considered immodest in a certain culture. Therefore,
international tourists may face some uncomfortable situations
What is Tourism Industry? 1. it is an industry that is involve in offering various

services for tourists, e.g. providing them with: - information on where to stay or eat,
places of interests; - books accommodations, travel, tours, ticket theatres etc; and -
organize advertising campaigns for tourists.
What is Tourism Industry? - it is a service based industry comprising a number of

tangible and intangible components.
A. Tangible elements includes: a. transport b. foods and beverages c. tours d.

souvenirs e. accommodation
B. Intangible elements includes: a. education b. culture c. adventure d. escape and
relaxation
II. 17 REGIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES
1.National Capital Region
This is the seat of Philippine Government where most national offices are located
including the Malacañan Palace, Supreme Court, Senate of the Philippines and the
House of Representatives. The region is collectively known as Metro Manila
which covers the City of Manila and other 15 cities surrounding it.
Most international visitors fly to Manila through the Ninoy Aquino International
Airport located along the boundary between Pasay City and Parañaque City. Those
who opt for sea travel may also enter the region through the Manila Seaport which
is also the chief seaport in the country.
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Metro Manila is the busiest region in the Philippines; there is no shortage of

accommodations, restaurants, shopping centers and entertainment venues for both
residents and visitors. It is a cornucopia of different cultures, traditions and
culinary delights so there is no distinct specialty in the region.
Key attractions: Intramuros, Luneta Park, Binondo (Manila Chinatown), SM Mall

of Asia, Manila Bay
2.Cordillera Administrative Region
Centered on the Cordillera Mountain range of Central Luzon, the Cordillera

Administrative Region is the only land-locked region in the Philippines. It is composed
mainly of highlands which are inhabited by indigenous tribes like the Ifugaos, Ibalois and
Kalingans.
Baguio City is the busiest part of the region; it is the main tourist hub and commercial
center with numerous attractions and businesses.
Temperatures in the region are a few degrees colder than Metro Manila, making it an
ideal escape from the heat especially during the summer season. In fact, Baguio City is
recognized as the Summer Capital of the Philippines. The mild weather in the region is
also conducive for growing strawberries for which Baguio City is famous. Other products
include peanut brittle, ube jam and sundot kulangot, a sweet snack made from glutinous
rice.
Key attractions:Camp John Hay, Mansion House, Banaue Rice Terraces,

MPanagbenga Festival (February)
3.Ilocos Region (Region 1)
Located on the northwestern coast of Luzon, the Ilocos Region faces the South
China Sea to its west and the Cordilleras to its east. It has four provinces:
Pangasinan, La Union, Ilocos Sur and Ilocos Norte. Ilocos is known has the
home of the affluent Marcoses whose patriarch became the only dictator
President of the Philippines. Much attention has been brought to the Ilocos
Region due to the recent efforts of the Tourism Department to promote its
natural and manmade attractions.
The Ilocos Region is largely historical and it also features stunning beaches and
wonderful food. It is home to the Pagudpud Beaches which are some of the best
in the country. Surfing is also a popular pursuit in the southern towns in La
Union. And one must never leave the region without tasting bagnet (deep fried
pork), longganisa (sausage), empanada (stuffed pastry) and pinakbet (stir-fried
vegetables).
Key Attractions: Vigan City (UNESCO World Heritage Site), Bangui Windmills, La
Paz Sand Dunes, Fort Ilocandia, Paoay Church, San Juan, La Union (surfing), Hundred
Islands, Pangasinan
4.Cagayan Valley (Region 2)
Situated between the Sierra Madre and Cordillera Mountain Ranges, the
Cagayan Valley is considered as the largest region in the Philippines. Its area
includes the northernmost islands of Batanes and Babuyan. Cagayan River, the
longest in the Philippines, runs through the center of the region and empties into
the Luzon Strait.
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Cagayan Valley is agricultural and the coastal towns are involved in fisheries.
The region claims to be the Tilapia Capital of the Philippines, with production
growing in huge proportions in recent years.
Key Attractions:Callao Cave, Lighthouses of Batanes, Magat Dam Tourist Complex
5.Central Luzon (Region 3)
Central Luzon sits on vast plains mainly used for agriculture, particularly rice
production which has earned it the nickname “Rice Bowl of the Philippines”. It
spans the entire central area of Luzon with the South China Sea to its west, the
Philippine Sea to its east.
San Fernando City is the regional center located in the province of Pampanga
which is known as the Culinary Capital of the Philippines. This means that a
journey to Central Luzon can be a gastronomic experience; it is common
knowledge that the people of Pampanga are excellent cooks.
Key Attractions: Subic Bay Freeport Zone, Mt. Arayat, The historical town of Baler,
Corregidor, Sea Turtles of Morong, Barasoain Chuch
6.Calabarzon (Region 4A)
The name is actually an acronym for the provinces in the region: Cavite, Laguna,
Batangas, Rizal and Quezon. It is also known as Southern Tagalog Mainland. The
region is mainly known as the seat of the revolution against the Spanish in the 19th
century and a number of historical buildings and landmarks that speak of its
tumultuous past.
Different attractions are featured in different provinces in the region. Cavite has
plenty of historical attractions while Batangas has a lot to offer when it comes to
natural wonders. Laguna also has some attractions but it is known more as the
producers of the delectable buko pie (much like the apple pie but with coconut
meat instead of apple).
Key Attractions: Tagaytay City, Taal Lake and Taal Volcano,Anilao, Batangas
(diving), Rizal Shrine in Calamba, Laguna. Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite, Pahiyas
Festival in Lucban, Enchanted Kingdom Theme Park
7.Mimaropa (Region 4B)
The region is composed of five provinces: Oriental Mindoro, Occidental Mindoro,

Marinduque, Romblon and Palawan. The name is actually a portmanteau of the
provinces’ names and the region is also known as the Southern Tagalog Islands.
MIMAROPA is perhaps one of the most visited regions of the Philippines due to
its archipelagic features.
The region is a treasure chest of natural attractions and ecotourism venues, with
the Puerto Princesa Underground River topping the list. MIMAROPA is home to
pristine beaches, challenging peaks and excellent dive sites.
Key attractions: Puerto Galera, El Nido, Palawan, Coron, Palawan, Dive sites in
Romblon, Tres Reyes Marine Sanctuary in Marinduque, Moriones Festival in
Marunduque, Tubbataha and Apo Reefs
8.Bicol Region (Region 5)
Collectively called Bicolandia, the region is located on the southeastern end of

Luzon. It has six provinces: Masbate, Catanduanes, Sorsogon, Camarines Sur,
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Camarines Norte and Albay. Bicol is home to a good number of volcanoes both
active and dormant which results to a lot of natural attractions like crater lakes and
hot springs. The people of Bicol are known for their spicy cuisine with chili ice
cream being one of their latest most popular innovations.
Key Attractions: Mt. Mayon, The whale sharks of Donsol, Sorsogon, CamSur
Watersports Complex, The beaches of Camarines Norte and Catanduanes
9.Western Visayas (Region 6)
Western Visayas is another one of the most visited regions in the Philippines owed
mainly to the world-famous Boracay Island. But the region is more than just the
home of Boracay, it also features many other natural wonders and progressive
cities.
Due to the large volume of tourists visiting the region, Western Visayas is served
by three international airports and four domestic airports. There are also sea
vessels that carry tourists to the port of Iloilo City, the regional center.
Key Attractions: White Beach, Boracay, Masskara Festival in Bacolod, Ledesma

Ruins, Talisay, Dinagyang Festival of Ilo-ilo City
10.Central Visayas (Region 7)
Central Visayas has three main islands: Cebu, Bohol and the western half of
Negros (Negros Oriental), and there’s the small island of Siquijor. The regional
center is Cebu City which also known as the Queen City of the South. Central
Visayas is known as the seat of the Catholic faith in the Philippines and is also the
site of the first documented battle against the conquistadors. Explorer Ferdinand
Magellan met his demise near the waters of Mactan, Cebu.
The region is accessed through the Mactan-Cebu International Airport and several
other domestic airports in the neighboring cities and towns. There are also sea
vessels that ply the waters between the islands within Visayas. When visiting the
region, don’t forget to taste Cebu Lechon (roast suckling pig) and Bohol’s calamay
and peanut kisses.
Key Attractions: Basilica Minore del Santo Nino de Cebu, Sinulog Festival in Cebu
CityPanglao Island, Bohol, Magellan’s Cross, Beaches of Siquijor and Mactan, Bantayan
and Malapascua Islands, Chocolate Hills of Bohol
11.Eastern Visayas (Region 8)
Due to its location on the easternmost side of the Philippine Islands facing the Pacific
Ocean, Eastern Visayas is one of the wettest regions in the country. It is largely
agricultural and it also depends on the aquatic resources provided by the deep seas.
The region is relatively undiscovered by tourists resulting to a good number of virgin

beaches and unspoiled natural wonders. Tacloban, the regional center, has some historical
sites as well.
Key Attractions: Sto. Nino Shrine and Heritage Museum, San Juanico Bridge,
McArthur’s Landing
12.Zamboanga Peninsula (Region 9)
Located on the northwestern portion of Mindanao, the region lies on a peninsula

stretching out to the Sulu Sea. The region is made up of three provinces:
Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur. It was
23
formerly part of the Spanish East Indies, resulting to the dominance of Spanish-
speaking locals. The local dialect is now known as Chavacano which is also the
name of its people.
The Zamboanga Peninsula is rich in natural resources and it features stunning

beauty. However, its tourism potential is held back by the insurgencies in
Mindanao. Traveling to the region is not encouraged especially to foreigners but
those who come for a visit are rewarded with the wonders of Zamboanga.
Key Attractions:The vintas (boats with colorful sails), The white sand beaches of
Zamboanga Sibugay, Curacha crabs
13.Northern Mindanao (Region 10)
Northern Mindanao is located west of the Zamboanga Peninsula. It has five

provinces including the small island called Camiguin. The regional center is the
highly-urbanized city of Cagayan de Oro.
The region has a mild climate with rains evenly distributed throughout the year. It
is one of the few places in the Philippines not heavily affected by monsoons,
making it an ideal destination during the rainy season in the country. The region is
also home to Bukidnon, an elevated province with a cold climate comparable to
that of Baguio City
Key attractions: White water rafting along the Cagayan River, Pineapple plantations
of Bukidnon, White Island, Camiguin, Sunken Cemetery, Camiguin, Katibawasan Falls
14.Davao Region (Region 11)
Considered the main commercial and industrial center of Mindanao, Davao Region is a
progressive area centered on Davao City. It encompasses the provinces of Davao del Sur,
Davao del Norte, Compostella Valley and Davao Oriental which is at the easternmost
edge of the Philippine Islands.
The region is home to different indigenous tribes supported and protected by the local
governments of major cities. Davao Region is blessed with the abundance of natural
resources both in land and in its waters. Its proximity to Mt. Apo makes it protected from
the raging storms that affect the rest of the country. It also boasts of many natural
attractions and claims to provide every tourist a ‘from the mountains to the seas’
adventure.
Key attractions: Island Garden City of Samal beaches, Davao Crocodile Park,
Philippine Eagle Center, Camp Sabros, Davao del Sur, Mount Apo National Park, Hot
springs of Compostella ValleyKadayawan sa Dabaw
15.Soccksargen (Region 12)
The name stands for South Cotabato, Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Sarangani and
General Santos City. The region is located in south central Mindanao. The region is
known to the world as the birthplace of famous boxer Manny “pacman” Pacquiao.
General Santos City and Sarangani are also famous for the export-quality tuna
marketed all over the world. There are also picturesque beaches and other natural
wonders within the region but tourist activity is scarce due to the conflicts in
Mindanao.
Key Attractions: Lake Sebu, Gumasa Beach in Glan, Sarangani, Baras Bird Sanctuary
in Tacurong City
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16.CARAGA REGION (Region 13)
The region is located at the northwestern portion of Mindanao, facing the Pacific
Ocean and the Philippine Sea. The location greatly contributes to its lure among
members of the surfing circuit all over the world. Siargao, Surigao del Norte is
considered the Surfing Capital of the Philippines, comparable to Hawaii and Bali,
Indonesia.
Caraga region is an outdoorsman’s paradise; it offers plenty of exciting adventures

involving rivers, falls, forests, islands and caves. The province of Agusan del Sur is
home to the largest crocodile in captivity, Lolong which was caught in the town of
Bunawan.
Key Attractions: Agusan Marsh, Cloud 9, Siargao, Enchanted River, Hinagdanan

Falls
17.Autonomous Region os Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)
This predominantly Muslim region covering the western side of Mindanao and the
islands of Sulu and Tawi-tawi has a notorious reputation in the traveling circuit.
But the reputation set aside, ARMM features natural beauty like no other; virgin
beaches, mangrove forests, mountain springs and majestic waterfalls abound in the
region. The people of ARMM also boasts of a rich culture showcased in their
clothing, traditions and music.
Traveling to ARMM is highly discouraged my most foreign governments. It is

common knowledge that there have been abductions of foreign missionaries and
journalists by terrorist and rebel groups Abu Sayaff and MILF (Moro Islamic
Liberation Front). If you must visit the region, be sure to take proper precautions
and seek the protection of authorities.
There’s always something beautiful and exciting to discover anywhere in the

Philippines. The regions may have boundaries but there’s definitely no limit to
what you can experience in these islands. Travel all over the country, experience
each region one at a time and you will soon find the Philippines a blessed paradise.
III. TOP TOURIST DESTINATIONS

Located at the very eastern edge of Asia, the Philippines are home to more than
7,000 islands, which are inhabited by friendly locals and many indigenous tribes. From
pristine beaches and marvelous natural wonders to interesting historic sites and once-in-
a-lifetime experiences, the Philippines pack many exciting things to see and do. Check
out the following top tourist attractions in the Philippines.
Tubbataha Reef
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The Tubbataha Reef in the Sulu Sea is a

marine sanctuary protected as the
Tubbataha Reef National Marine Park.
The reef is made up of two atolls, North
Atoll and South Atoll, separated by a
deep channel of approximately 5 miles
(8 km) wide. It has become one of the
most popular dive sites in the
Philippines because of its coral walls
where the shallow coral reef abruptly
https://www.touropia.com/tourist-attractions-in-the-philippines/ ends giving way to great depths. The
marine park is open to live-aboard
diving excursions between the months
of April to June when the waves are
most calm.
San Agustin Church, Manila
Located in Manila, a visit to the San

Agustin Church is a must see. Built in
1589, this beautiful church has survived
seven earthquakes and two fires over
the centuries and now remains as the
oldest stone church in the Philippines.
At the main entrance, there are exquisite
carvings on the wooden doors. Inside
the lovely, Mexican-influenced interior
is designed in the shape of a Latin cross.
The gorgeous ceiling was painted in the
https://www.touropia.com/tourist-attractions-in-the-philippines/
1800s by Italian artists, Giovanni
Dibella and Cesare Alberoni.
Mayon Volcano
Rising more than 8,000 feet (2,400

meters) above sea level, Mayon
Volcano is significant for its perfectly
symmetrical cone shape. Visitors can
enjoy a number of activities here such
as camping, climbing, hiking, bird
watching and photography. A
picturesque spot in which to admire
Mayon Volcano is from the nearby
https://www.touropia.com/tourist-attractions-in-the-philippines/ Cagsawa ruins. Mayon is the most
active volcano in the Philippines,
having erupted over 49 times in the past
400 years. The most destructive
eruption of Mayon occurred on
February 1, 1814 bombarding the
nearby towns with volcanic rocks. The
belfry and what is left of the baroque
church that was destroyed by the 1814
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eruption can still be seen.
Malapascua Island
A small island made up of quiet fishing

villages, Malapascua Island is popular
for its ideal diving spots and for being
the only place in the world to see
thresher sharks on a regular basis as
well as manta rays and hammerheads.
The other hidden gems here are the
beautiful, sandy white beaches, crystal
clear waters bordered by coconut trees
and colorful coral gardens.
Puerto Galera
Just south of Manila is the charming

coastal town of Puerto Galera, well-
favored for its gorgeous beaches,
excellent diving spots and wide
diversity of marine species. The most
popular beaches are White Beach and
Sabang Beach, which also offer nearby
shopping, dining, nightlife and hotel
accommodation. Another popular
attraction is the natural harbor of Muelle
Bay with its rows of shops, restaurants
and bars. Visitors can also go
snorkeling to see some of Asia’s best
coral reefs or dive among old
shipwrecks and hundreds of fish
species.
Puerto Princesa Underground River
Located on the northern coast of the

island of Palawa, Puerto Princesa is a
nature lover’s paradise. Home to
unspoiled landscapes rich in wildlife,
this lovely town also lays claim to one
of the world’s most unique natural
phenomena, an underground river
known as the Puerto Princesa
Subterranean River. Protected within a
national park, this natural wonder is the
world’s longest navigable underground
river. Guided paddle boat tours show
intriguing rock formations and fluttering
bats.
Donsol
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Located in the province of Sorsogon, a

place of pristine beaches, stunning
waterfalls and unexplored caves, the
sleepy fishing village of Donsol is the
place in the Philippines to see whale
sharks. The ocean’s gentle giants can be
seen between November and June, with
the numbers peaking between February
and May. Tourists can also take a boat
cruise along the Donsol River through
mangrove and palm trees, and watch the
night light up with millions of sparkling
fireflies. If that’s not enough, a
traditional shrimp-catching expedition
with bamboos and nets, followed by a
tasty dinner of the cooked catch is also
available.
Chocolate Hills
One of the top tourist attractions in the

Philippines, The Chocolate Hills are
unusual geological formations that
consists of at least 1,268 individual
mounds scattered throughout the
interior of the island of Bohol. The
almost symmetrical and same-sized
formations range from 98 to 164 feet
(30 to 50 meters) high and are covered
in green grass. During the dry season
the grass turns brow, hence the name.
There is no consensus on how these
giant mole hills were formed. One
theory holds that the Chocolate Hills are
the weathered rock formations of a kind
of marine limestone on top of an
impermeable layer of clay.
Boracay
Boracay may be a small island, but it

packs great features such as award-
winning beaches, beautiful resorts and
great adventures like cliff diving,
parasailing, motorbiking, horse riding,
snorkeling, kite surfing and scuba
diving. If that is not enough, boat tours
allow visitors to watch stunning sunsets,
explore volcanic caves and remote
coves of turquoise lagoons. When the
sun sets, Boracay night-life pulsates
with many bars and restaurants serving
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food, drinks and fun until dawn.
Banaue Rice Terraces
No trip to the Philippines could be

complete without seeing the spectacular
Banaue Rice Terraces. Carved from the
mountain ranges about 2,000 years ago
without modern tools by the Ifugao
tribes, these magnificent farm terraces
resemble giant steps reaching up to the
sky. Locals to this day still plant rice
and vegetables on the terraces, although
more and younger Ifugaos do not find
farming appealing and immigrate to the
cities.
IV. Tourism activities
A.Beach and diving tourism
Main article: List of beaches in the Philippines
 Beach tourism is currently the major tourist draw of the Philippines. Various
beaches in the Philippines have landed in multiple magazines, ranking them
anywhere between 1st place to 8th place.
 Among the most popular beach and diving choices in the country
includes Boracay, El Nido, Coron, Cebu, and Siargao.
 Other common beach places are in Samal, Cagayan, La

Union, Pangasinan, Zambales, Batangas, Iloilo, Dumaguete, Camarines
Sur and Zamboanga.
 In 2018, Canadian-based travel agency Flight Network listed Hidden Beach in

Palawan (No. 1) as the best beach in all of Asia.
 The beach was also cited by Travel+Leisure as among the 13 places to see the bluest
water in the world. Other beaches ranked from the Philippines were Guyam White Sand
Beach in Siargao (No. 13), Palaui Beach in Cagayan Valley (No. 22), Caramoan Island
Beach in Camarines Sur (No. 29), Dahican Beach in Mati, Davao Oriental (No. 41),
Gumasa Beach in Sarangani (No. 45), Alona Beach in Panglao, Bohol (No. 46),
Kalanggaman Island in Cebu (No. 49), and Paliton Beach in Siquijor (No. 50).
B.Hiking tourism
Main article: List of mountains in the Philippines
 Tourists kayaking through Sohoton Caves and Natural Bridge Park.
 Hiking is a rising form of tourism in the Philippines, especially among locals and
Western foreigners. Among the most famous hiking areas in the country are Mount
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Apo, Mount Pinatubo, Mount Halcon, Mount Banahaw, Mount Makiling, and Mount

Pulag.
 A sword inscribed with baybayin calligraphy.
 Online magazine, Culture Trip, cited Mount Batulao in Batangas, Masungi

Georeserve in Rizal, Tarak Ridge in Bataan, Mount Daraitan and Maynoba in Rizal,
Kibungan Circuit in Benguet, and Mount Pulag in Nueva Vizcaya for having the most
spectacular hiking trails in the country in 2017.
C.Research and education tourism[
Main articles: List of protected areas of the Philippines, Culture of the

Philippines, List of universities and colleges in the Philippines, and Philippine mythology
 Due to the diverse number of flora and fauna of the country, researchers from around
the world have flocked various biodiversity sites in Philippine environmental corridors.
 Among the big draws for environmental researchers include Mount

Mantalingajan, Sibuyan Island, Dinagat Islands, Mount Hamiguitan, Central Panay
Mountain Range, Verde Island Passage, Tubbataha Reef, Mount Malindang, Northern
Sierra Madre Natural Park, and Turtle Islands, Tawi-Tawi.
 Local and foreign archaeologists and anthropologists have also flocked the country's
archaeological sites, such as Cagayan Valley, Butuan, Tabon Cave, Callao
Cave, Banton, Ifugao, Cebu, Lanao del Sur, and many others.
 Various universities in the country, such as University of the Philippines, Ateneo de

Manila University, De La Salle University, University of Santo Tomas, Silliman
University, University of San Carlos, and University of Mindanao, have also been
influential in research tourism, especially for graduate students and students seeking
better review centers.
 Common nationals that seek graduate degrees or reviewer sessions in the Philippines
usually come from India, South Korea, and Palau.
 Language schools with English language programs are also popular among Asian

foreigners from South Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, Taiwan, and Japan.
Government-approved institutions that teach Philippine mythology and suyat scripts,
such as baybayin, have also become popular among locals and foreigners.
C. Arts and crafts tourism
Main articles: Art of the Philippines and Suyat
 Arts and crafts tourism in the Philippines has recently expanded following several
attempts to establish a cultural renaissance.
 The numbers of art museums, galleries, exhibitions, festivals, and town fairs
throughout the country has doubled in the past 10 years.
 The country was conferred its first UNESCO Creative City through Baguio in 2016.
Other arts and crafts centers are in Manila, Quezon City, San Fernando City, Iloilo
City, Angono, Santiago City, Cebu City, Basey, Davao City, Lake Sebu, Angeles
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City, Vigan, Basco, Zamboanga City, Marawi, Tugaya, Cotabato
City, Sariaya, Tagbilaran, and Dumaguete.
D. Pilgrimage tourism- Taal Basilica, the largest church in Asia
Main articles: Baroque Churches of the Philippines, List of mosques in the

Philippines, and Dambana
 The Philippines is the Catholic pilgrimage capital of Asia, possessing hundreds of

olden churches, most of which were established between the 15th to 19th centuries
through the earthquake baroque architecture.
 Historic mosques, temples, and indigenous places of worship such as dambanas are

also present throughout the country.
 Among the most popular pilgrimage sites in the Philippines are Paoay

Church, Manila Cathedral, Maragondon Church, Cebu Metropolitan Cathedral, Baclayon
Church, Panay Church, Loboc Church, Daraga Church, Boljoon Church, Guiuan
Church, Calasiao Church, Manaoag Church, Tumauini Church, Naga Cathedral, San
Sebastian Church of Bacolod, Betis Church, Quiapo Church, Taal Basilica, Miagao
Church, Caraga Church, Paete Church, Lucban Church, San Sebastian Church of
Manila, Jimenez Church, Barasoain Church, Seng Guan Temple, Sheik Karimol
Makhdum Mosque, Taluksangay Mosque, Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Masjid, Masjid
Dimaukom, Mount Banahaw, Kabayan Mummy Burial Caves, Limestone tombs of
Kamhantik, Bud Bongao, Mount Apo, Mount Bulusan, Mount Pulag, Callao
Cave, Mount Kalatungan, Mount Matutum, Mount Makiling, Kanlaon, Mount
Arayat, Mayon Volcano, Mount Pinatubo, and Mount Kitanglad.
E. Fiesta tourism
Main article: List of festivals in the Philippines
 Various festivals in the country are flocked annually by both locals and foreigners.
The country has been known as the traditional capital of the world's festivities and the
capital of fun due to the thousands of festivals which happen in the country, most of
which are annual spectacles.
 Among the most famous of these events are the Sinulog Festival of Cebu,

the Kadayawan Festival of Davao, the Ati-Atihan Festival of Aklan, the Dinagyang
Festival of Iloilo, the Panagbenga Festival of Baguio, the Moriones
Festival of Marinduque, the Pahiyas Festival of Quezon province, the Obando Fertility
Rites Festival of Bulacan, the Pintados Festival of Leyte, the Sandugo Festival of Bohol,
the Ibalong Festival of Bicol, the MassKara Festival of Bacolod, and the Giant Lantern
Festival of Pampanga.
 Each of the festivals, or locally known as fiesta, have different traditions at play.
 The festivals may be Anitist, Hindu, Buddhist, Catholic, Muslim, or a mixture of

religions in origin. Some festivals, however, are not interlaced with any form of religion.
F. Wellness tourism
Main article: Hilot
 Wellness tourism has recently doubled its contribution to Philippine tourism due to

the rise of hilot (ancient Filipino art of healing) practices in spas, bath houses, and hotels.
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Surges in patriotism for whole-body firewood pot bathing and indigenous herbal usage
have also helped the industry to prosper in the village-level.
 Staycation, or staying in hotels for relaxation purposes, has also become a trend,
along with the increase of yoga, as rooted to the Indian roots of many indigenous Filipino
cultures.
 Hilot havens include Camiguin, Siquijor, and Antique, while staycation destinations

include the hotels of Manila, Bataan, Batanes, Tagaytay, Baguio, and Bukidnon.
The Department Of Tourism (Dot)
The Department of Tourism (DOT) is the primary planning, implementing, and

regulatory government agency tasked to develop and promote the Philippine
tourism industry, both domestic and international.
The following agencies are attached to the DOT:

1. Duty Free Philippines Corporation
2. Intramuros Administration
3. National Parks Development Committee
4. Nayong Pilipino Foundation
5. Philippine Commission on Sports Scuba Diving
6. Philippine Retirement Authority
7. Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority (TIEZA)
8. Tourism Promotions Board Philippines
House Resolution No. 408 urges the

government to promote placing one's
palm at the center of the chest together
with a slight nod as a customary Filipino
gesture of goodwill. This is more
commonly known as "Bating Filipino."
“Filipino Brand of Service” or use the

“Mabuhay” gesture to greet guests.
Impact of Tourism in the Philippine Economy

Tourism is an important sector for Philippine economy. In 2019, the travel and
tourism industry contributed 12.7% to the country's GDP. Philippines is
an archipelagic country composed of 7,641 islands with 81 provinces divided in 17
regions. The country is known for having its rich biodiversity as its main tourist
attraction. Its beaches, heritage towns and monuments, mountains, rainforests, islands
and diving spots are among the country's most popular tourist destinations. The country's
rich historical and cultural heritage, including its festivals and indigenous traditions, are
also one of the attractions of Philippines. Popular destinations among tourists
are Cebu, Boracay, Palawan, Siargao, and many more. However, despite these large
potential, the tourist industry of the Philippines has lagged behind its Southeast Asian
fellows like Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia, due to political and
social problems.
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As of 2015, 4.99 million Filipinos have been employed in the tourism sector and

the government collected P227.62 billion pesos from foreign tourists, almost 25% of
which came from Boracay. The country attracted a total of 5,360,682 foreign visitors in
2015 through its successful tourism campaign of "It's More Fun in the Philippines" (the
new font was inspired by a hand painted street sign known as “Barabara”). In 2017,
foreign arrivals peaked at 6,620,908.
Philippines has garnered numerous titles related to tourism, namely,

the traditional capital of the world's festivities, the capital of the western Pacific, the
centre of Hispanic Asia, the Pearl of the Orient Seas, center of the Coral Triangle, and
the capital of fun. The country is also a biodiversity hotspot, having the world's highest
endemism rate for bird species, and one of the highest for mammals and flora. It is also
the largest bastion for Roman Catholicism in all of Asia. The country is also home to one
of the New7Wonders of Nature, the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park,
and one of the New7Wonders Cities, the Heritage City of Vigan. It is also home to
six UNESCO world heritage sites scattered in nine different locations, three
UNESCO biosphere reserves, three UNESCO intangible cultural heritage, four UNESCO
memory of the world documentary heritage, one UNESCO creative city, two UNESCO
world heritage cities, seven Ramsar wetland sites, and eight ASEAN Heritage Parks.
More than 90% of Filipinos can understand and speak English, as many are multilingual.
EFFECT OF CULTURE ON TRAVEL

Many tourist destinations have had to face the positive and negative effects of
tourism. The challenges generated by the massive displacement of people requires in the
first instance to know the different impacts that could arise, in order to have a possible
action plan that helps to lead to a profitable development for both actors (tourists and
receiving communities) .
The following list shows a series of effects generated by tourism to culture among
peoples, although not all of them are negative, the reality is that there is a greater chance
of affecting than benefiting. It will be up to each one of us to help preserve and preserve
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the knowledge, ideas, traditions and customs that characterize a people, rather than the
destruction and loss of them:
1. Erosion of the local culture

The excessive amount of tourists and the demand of products in the receiving
localities, can cause that traditional craftsmen elaborate products by quantity and not by
quality, what degrades the artistic and symbolic values ??of the locally produced art
already long could conclude in the disappearance of the culture.
2. Transformation of culture
The art produced in local communities can be transformed into a marketing
product with the sole intention of selling “superficial” items to the tourist, exploiting the
culture and losing its roots in the cultural heritage.
3. Cultural hostility
If the local community does not participate directly in the establishment of
tourism development, they may become hostile to tourists; This happens because it is
known that tourism could destroy traditional ways of life and economies, creating
dependency and poorly paid jobs.
4. Cultural arrogance
It can happen when due to the great influx of tourists, the locals divide into two
scenarios what happens in the community, on the one hand they show the tourist some
“superficial” traits of their culture and on the other they turn away from them to keep
intact their traditions and avoid the impact of tourism. “The staging” of cultural
experiences diverts tourists from the authentic local culture but helps their preservation.
5. Lack of authenticity in tourism experiences
In order to satisfy mass tourism, “imitation” items are produced and marketed; In
addition, it is common to establish “false areas” where the tourist only perceives details
of the real symbols. However, some researchers (Cohen, 1995) affirm that the tourist
agrees with this, as long as it benefits the ethnic groups.
6. Rebirth of traditional art forms
The exposure of culture to other groups can lead to the adaptation of artistic
traditions through the modification of original art, which could also maintain and revive
the original traditions.
7. Violation of cultural heritage rights
It is produced by treating local culture as merchandise for sale and
commercializing with it. It happens for example, when some events and traditional
festivals are put on sale “on demand” to live distorted experiences of reality.
8. Cultural changes
The changes in the way of life of people and the contact between different
cultures and their ideas, values, institutions, technologies, policies, etc. occur as a result
of the evolution of societies. It happens that the industrialized countries have greater
impact on the cultural changes of the underdeveloped countries. Tourists are seen as
agents of cultural change (Pearce, 1995).
9. Cultural diffusion
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In tourism, it refers to the process in which tourists and host communities adapt
elements of their cultures to each other. Example: gastronomy, ways of dressing,
traditions, languages, art, architecture, religion, and leisure activities.
10. Cultural displacement
It happens when there is a temporary and random change in culture. An example
is: a temporary change in the language; Over time, pronunciation, vocabulary, spelling
and even grammar can change, mainly due to changes in technology and education. In the
case of tourism, since the displacements of people occur in certain periods of time, in the
same way cultural displacements can be temporary. The greater the contrast between
tourist and host, the more significant the changes are.
11. Acculturation
It is the result of different groups or individuals of people having contact with
each other and causing changes in traditional forms of behavior, either in one or in both.
A more developed culture is more likely to influence a less developed one; just as a host
culture is more likely to have more influence on a visitor, than the opposite. Another
characteristic is that acculturation can be voluntary or forced.
“The standardization of products around the world, diffuses cultural lines
resulting in cultural homogeneity and standardization of tourist destinations.” (Jafari,
1996).
12. Adaptation of culture
It occurs when some elements of a certain culture adapt to others. For example,
the receiving community must include elements of the culture from which the tourists
come, which could lead to the commercialization of the culture. What at first could
represent euphoria of the locals for receiving tourists, could end in apathy and annoyance.
13. Assimilation of culture
The difference between acculturation and assimilation is that the first causes the
addition of certain elements of another culture, but that they can be temporary (for
example: for the duration of the tourist), or simply add to the original culture; On the
other hand, assimilation occurs when one element is replaced by another.
14. Demonstration Effect
It occurs when residents adapt behaviors of tourists that are considered high
value. These behaviors are identified through observation and are believed to have
positive and / or negative effects. Example: increase in work and productivity, or
resentment and anger in not achieving the same lifestyle.
15. Cultural conflicts
The technological development has generated massive displacements of people
who travel to different territories to know other cultures; however, there is no clear theory
on whether this generates peace and understanding among peoples or conflicts due to
their differences. Although many researchers claim that cultural differences cause greater
conflicts than political or economic differences.
Visa Policy Of The Philippines
 The visa policy of the Philippines is governed by Commonwealth Act No. 613,
also known as the Philippine Immigration Act, and by subsequent legislation
amending it. The Act is jointly enforced by the Department of Foreign
Affairs (DFA) and the Bureau of Immigration (BI).
35
 Generally, foreign nationals who wish to enter the Philippines require a visa
unless:
 He/she is a citizen of a member state of the Association of Southeast Asian
Nations (ASEAN)
 He/she is a citizen of a non-ASEAN member state whose nationals are allowed to
enter the Philippines visa-free
 He/she is a balikbayan and is only returning to the Philippines temporarily
 Most foreign nationals are visa-free for 14 days, 30 day, or 59 days. Of more than
200 countries and territories, 39 need visas to enter the Philippines.
Immigration And Customs
Guidelines on the entry of temporary visitors to the Philippines
 Nationals from countries who are travelling to the Philippines for business and
tourism purposes are allowed to enter the Philippines obtaining visa on arrival for a stay
not exceeding 30 days, provided they hold valid tickets for their return journey to port of
origin or next port of destination. However, immigration officers at ports of entry may
exercise their discretion to admit holders of passports valid for at least sixty days beyond
the intended period of stay.
1.Customs
 Upon arriving, visitors are allowed to bring in duty-free personal belongings, two
cartons of cigarettes or two tins of pipe tobacco and up to one liter of alcohol. Exceeding
this is illegal. Balikbayans have separate rules and should check with the embassy or
consulate in their home city.
2.Currency
 The main currency in the Philippines is the peso (piso) (PHP) and its subunit is the
centavo (sentimo). 100 centavos is equal to 1 peso. Coins in circulation are: 1, 5, 10, and
25 centavos, P1, P5 and P10. Banknotes in circulation are: 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and
1,000 pesos.
 Foreign currency may be exchanged at the hotel, and in most of the large department
stores, banks and authorized money changing shops. Exchanging money anywhere else is
illegal and the laws are strictly enforced.
 Most large stores, restaurants, hotels and resorts accept major credit cards including
American Express, Visas and MasterCard. Traveller's checks preferably American
Express are accepted at hotels and large department stores. Personal checks drawn on
foreign banks are generally not accepted.
3.Currency regulations
 It is illegal for any incoming or outgoing passenger to bring in or out Philippine

pesos in excess of P10,000.00 without prior authority from the Bangko Sentral ng
Pilipinas. Any violation of this rule may lead to its seizure and civil penalties and / or
criminal prosecution.
 The transportation of foreign currency or monetary instruments is legal. However,
the carrying of foreign currency in excess of US$10,000.00 or its equivalent in other
foreign currencies must be declared to a Customs Officer or the Bangko Sentral ng
Pilipinas. Violation of this rule may lead to seizure and sanctions, fines and / or penalties.
36
4.Transportation
a.Air transportation
Currently, there are eleven airports classified by the Civil Aviation Authority of

the Philippines as International Airports. There are also hundreds of principal
domestic airports and community airports throughout the country. Aside from
the eleven international airports, there are also two international airports that are
currently being constructed in Albay and Bohol. The eleven international
airports include:
1. Clark International Airport in Mabalacat, Pampanga

2. Mactan–Cebu International Airport in Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu
3. Francisco Bangoy International Airport in Davao City
4. General Santos International Airport in General Santos City
5. Iloilo International Airport in Cabatuan, Iloilo
6. Kalibo International Airport in Kalibo, Aklan
7. Laoag International Airport in Laoag, Ilocos Norte
8. Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Pasay / Parañaque
9. Puerto Princesa International Airport in Puerto Princesa
10. Subic Bay International Airport in Morong, Bataan
11. Zamboanga International Airport in Zamboanga City
b. Sea transportation
 The country traditionally used sea vehicles since pre-colonial times. The archipelagic
country has four areas of ports concentration, as administered by the Philippine Ports
Authority. These areas are the West Philippine Sea ports area, Philippine Sea ports
area, Celebes Sea ports area, and Inland Seas ports area. Each area has hundreds of ports
serving local and international ships and other sea vehicles.
c.Land transportation
 Land transportation in the Philippines is administered through various means such

as trains, jeepneys, tricycles, taxis, buses, and many others. Various Philippine
expressway network have been established throughout the country to hasten land
transportation. Construction of more expressway networks and train railways are
currently being made by the government, especially for Mindanao. Rail transport in the
Philippines is mostly administered by the Philippine National Railways, while
the Philippine expressway network and the Philippine highway network are mostly
administered by the Department of Public Works and Highways.
37
Direction:
A. In your local or municipality or town discuss about its types, forms, patterns
and linkages in the Tourism. ( 20 pts.)
B. Based on your locality, create a tour portfolio based on the following template (
50 pts.)
i. Overview
ii. Things to do
iii. How to get there
iv. Fun facts or trivia
v. Events
Note :The following format must be submitted:
Clear, organized language and detailed, with no writing errors, exhibit APA format: 12
point Times new roman font, Single spaced, 10 to 20 pages in length with 8.5 x 13. With a
exemplary expression.
Moments of Truth:
Direction: Identify what is asked.
1. Using the Venn diagram below compare the A. Domestic tourism and International
Tourism. B. Inter Regional Tourists and Intra Regional Tourists
2.What is(are) the effect(s) of tourism to the Philippine economy?

3.What can be your role as a student in promoting the different Philippine tourism
destination sites to the world?
4. What Province/city would you like to travel and why?
5. Give some reason why Philippines Tourism is unique & interesting to visit?
38
Summary:
Tourism plays an important role in the Philippine economy. The country

boasts of rich natural beauty in its many spectacular beaches, sunny weather and rich bio-
diversity. More than that, the Philippines’ unique and complex culture, as exemplified by
its people, cuisine and lifestyle, attracts many people to visit the country.
 The domestic tourism market plays an essential role in underpinning the viability of
investment in tourism, redistributing income from higher income households to
lower income households through tourism expenditure in the provinces, and
strengthening the cultural ties and health of Filipino residents.
 Top domestic destinations for domestic tourists were: – Metro Manila –
CALABARZON – Cebu-Bohol – Davao City – Baguio City – Boracay – Zambales –
Iloilo-Guimaras – Puerto Princesa.
Domestic Tourism- Tourism involving residents of the given area travelling as visitors
only within that area.Part of what is known as “Internal Tourism”.
The Domestic Tourist- Any person who travels to a place other than that of his or her
usual residence for less than 12 consecutive months and whose main purpose is other
than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place. (Libosada, 2008)
Domestic vs. International Tourism- Relatively few people can afford international
travel especially in Third world countries.Touring ones own country can provide new and
fascinating experiences that could equal if not surpass what you can find in another land
Domestic vs. International Tourism
LOCAL TRAVEL TRAVELING ABROAD-Less Expensive ,More expensive,No

Need for passports and visas ,Requires passports and visas,Travel as a first class citizen
and ,Might encounter cultural would not have to worry about differences in foreign
destination.racial discrimination,Inspires a genuine appreciation of the beauty of ones
own country.,Expands ones understanding ofones nation and therefore raises national
consciousness.
REFERENCES:
https://guangzhoupcg.dfa.gov.ph/tourism-in-the-philippines
https://www.slideshare.net/_jenjenbanez/1st-chapter-domestic-tourism
https://www.slideshare.net/GlyGly1/domestic-tourism-64202191
https://www.britannica.com/topic/tourism
http://tourism.gov.ph/
39
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/section/briefing-room/department-of-tourism/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Philippines
https://www.lorecentral.org/2018/03/15-cultural-impact-of-tourism.html
Lesson 3: The Philippine Culture
a) Discuss the Philippine Culture;

b)Trace the Philippine Culture Practices, Tradition and Values ;
c) Distinguish the strenght, weaknesses and roots of Filipino character;
d) Explain the uniqueness of a Filipino ; and
e) Create a Video Monolgue of a Filipino Culture Practices.
Capturing the Concept
Picture Analysis: With the pictures below give your insights about the picture,
write your answers in the box.
40
41
FILIPINO CULTURE
1. HISTORY
 The culture of the Philippines reflects the country’scomplex history. It is a blend of

the Malayo-Polynesian andHispanic cultures with influences from chinese.
 Before the spanish, there were already a mixture ofcultures, the native people similar
to melanesians andaustralian aborigines a majority population of malays andpolynesians
and small groups of people from other SoutheastAsian countries.
 Philippines and Guam were the furthest colonies fromSpain hence Philippines was
governed by Mexico.
2. LANGUAGE AND PEOPLE
 Most common language is English and Filipino which is based on Tagalog.
42
 The country's seventy to eighty dialects are derived from Malay languages. Three
dialects are of national importance: Cebuano in the southern islands, Ilocano in the north,
and Tagalog, the language of the National Capital Region.
 When Tagalog was chosen as the basis for a national language, Cebuanos refused to
use Filipino. "Taglish," a mixture of Filipino and English, is becoming a standard
language.

Filipinos are proud that their country has the third largest number of English speakers in
the world. Filipino English includes many Australian and British terms. It is a formal
language that includes words no longer commonly used in American English.
 Spanish was taught as a compulsory language until 1968 but is seldom used today.
Spanish numbers and some Spanish words are included in the dialects.
3. RELIGION,ARTS, LITERATURE & MUSIC
 Predominantly Roman Catholic,

80.9% are catholics, Aglipayan-
2%,Evangelical Christians- 2.8%,
Iglesia ni Cristo-2.3%, other christian
denomination-4.5%,about 5% are
muslim and 5% practiced other
religion and those with no religion.
 Visual Arts- painting, indigenous
art, kut-kut art, islamic art.
 Performing Arts- music and
dance, cinema and television.
 Hispanic influence is based on Indigenous and European tradition.
 Folk dance, music and literature have remained intact in the 21st century. These were
introduced in 16th century from spain and mexico.
4. ARCHITECTURE -From Nipa Hut (Bahay Kubo), spaniards introduced stones as

housing and building materials -Contemporary architecture has a distinctively western
style although pre-hispanic housing is still common in rural areas.
43
 The architecture of the islands shows Spanish influence. Spanish brick churches built
during the colonial era dominate the towns. The churches are large and different from
traditional construction. It is difficult to imagine how the indigenous population in the
seventeenth century was able to build them.
5. CUISINE & FOOD PRACTICES
 Philippine cuisine consists of the foods, preparation methods and eating customs

found in the Philippines. The style of cooking and the foods associated with it
have evolved over several centuries from its Austronesian origins to a mixed
cuisine with many Hispanic, Chinese, American, and other Asian influences
adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.
 Dishes range from the very

simple, like a meal of fried salted
fish and rice, to the
elaborate paellas and cocidoscreated
for fiestas. Popular dishes
include lechón (whole roasted
pig), longganisa (Philippine
sausage), tapa(cured
beef), torta (omelette), adobo (chick
en and/or pork braised in garlic,
vinegar, oil and soy sauce, or cooked
until dry), kaldereta (meat in tomato
sauce stew), mechado (larded beef in
soy and tomato sauce), pochero (beef
in bananas and tomato
sauce), afritada (chicken or pork simmered in a tomato sauce with vegetables), kare-
kare (oxtail and vegetables cooked in peanut sauce), crispy pata (deep-fried pig's
leg), hamonado (pork sweetened in pineapple sauce), sinigang (meat or seafood in
sour broth), pancit (noodles), and lumpia (fresh or fried spring rolls).
A. Food in Daily Life. Filipinos do not consider it a meal if rice is not served.

Plain steamed rice is the basis of the diet. Three crops a year are harvested to
provide enough rice for the population, and the government keeps surpluses
stored for times of drought. Salt water and freshwater of fish and shellfish are
eaten daily, served either fresh or salted. Fish, chicken and pork are usually
fried, although people are becoming more health-conscious and often choose
alternative methods of cooking. Garlic is added to food because it is considered
healthful. Filipino food is not spicy. All food is cooked on gas burners or wood
or charcoal fires and is allowed to get cold before it is eaten. Rice is cooked
first, since it takes longer. When it is ready, rice will be placed on the table
while the next items of the meal are prepared and served.
 Table knives are not used. Forks and spoons are used for dining. The food
is eaten from a spoon. The traditional method of placing food on a banana leaf
and eating with one's hands is also used throughout the country. It is acceptable
to eat food with one's hands at restaurants as well as in the home.
B.Food Customs at Ceremonial Occasions. Léchon, a suckling pig that has
been roasted until the skin forms a hard brown crust, is served at important
occasions. The inside is very fatty. Strips of the skin with attached fat are
considered the best pieces. The importance of the host and the occasion are
measured by the amount of léchon. served. Blood drained from the pig is used
to make dinuguan
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 Sticky rice prepared with coconut milk and sugarcane syrup is wrapped in
banana leaves. Glutinous rice is grown especially for use in this traditional
dessert.
 Gin and beer are available for men and are accompanied by balut, a duck
egg with an embryo.
6. BUSINESS
 The Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PCCI) plays an integral role in
the economic, political and social development of the nation.
 Historically, the chamber can be traced back as early as 1890’s with the inauguration
of the Camara de Comercio de Filipinos.
 In the first half of the 20th century commerce and industrial trades with other
Hispanic countries declined due to the US administration.
 In 1998 marked the centennial celebration of Philippines Independence and opened
a new opportunity for both hispanic and Filipino businesses to reconnect their historic
ties as trade partners.
7. SYMB0LISM
 National symbols have been emphasized since independence to create a sense of

nationhood.
 The Philippine eagle, the second largest eagle in the world, is the national bird.
Doctor Jose Rizal is the national hero.
 Rizal streets and statues of Rizal are found in most towns and cities. Several
municipalities are named for Rizal.
45
 The most prominent symbol is the flag, which has a blue horizontal band, a red
horizontal band, and a white field. The flag is flown with the blue band at the top in
times of peace and the red band at the top in times of war. Flag ceremonies take
place once a week at all governmental offices. Schools have a flag ceremony each
morning. All traffic stops while the flag is being honored. The national anthem is
sung, a national pledge is recited in Filipino, and the provincial hymn is sung.
8. NATIONAL IDENTITY
 Filipinos had little sense of national identity until the revolutionary period of the
nineteenth century. The word "Filipino" did not refer to native people until the mid-
nineteenth century. Before that period, the treatment of the islands as a single
governmental unit by Spain and the conversion of the population to Catholicism
were the unifying factors. As a desire for independence grew, a national flag was
created, national heroes emerged, and a national anthem was written. A national
language was designated in 1936. National costumes were established. The sense of
a national identity is fragile, with true allegiance given to a kin group, a province, or
a municipality.
9. ETHNIC RELATIONS
 Ninety-five percent of the population is of Malay ancestry. The other identifiable
group is of Chinese ancestry. Sino-Filipinos are envied for their success in business.
They have maintained their own schools, which stress Chinese traditions.
 Seventy to eighty language groups separate people along tribal lines.
Approximately two million residents are designated as cultural minority groups
protected by the government. The majority of those sixty ethnic groups live in the
mountains of northern Luzon. People whose skin is darker are considered less
capable, intelligent, and beautiful. Descendants of the Negritos tribe are regarded as
inferior
10. FILIPINO TRAITS-  Pakikisama Utang na Loob Bayanihan Close

family ties
11. DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO CULTURE
 Damaged culture and the sick man of Asia are just two of the many phrases used to
describe the Philippine situation today. Questions such as “what’s wrong, what’s right
with the Filipino? Have set many Filipino minds upon some deep and not so deep soul-
searching and brainstorming. Is American democracy fit for the Philippines? Is
Catholicism brought by Spain partly responsible for the failure of the country to become
another “tiger” of Asia? - Manuel B. Dy Jr. Ph.D. Ateneo de Manila University
STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES AND ROOTS OF FILIPINO CHARACTER-

PATRICIA B. LICUANAN
I.STRENGTHS OF THE FILIPINO CHARACTER
46
A. Pakikipagkapwa-Tao -regard for others with dignity and respect and deal with
them as fellow human being. -manifested in a basic sense of justice and fairness and in
concern for others results in camaraderie and feeling of closeness to one another and
promote unity as well as sense of social justice.
B. Utang na Loob- sense of gratitude
C. Family Orientation- to the filipino, one’s family is the source of personal
identity, the source of emotional and material support and the person’s main commitment
and responsibility.
D. Joy and Humor – Filipinos have a cheerful and fun-loving approach to life
and it’s ups and downs which is manifested in the Filipino’s love for socials and
celebrations, in our capacity to laugh even in the most trying of times.
E. Flexibility, Adaptability and Creativity - Filipinos have a great capacity to
adjust and to adapt to circumstances and to the surrounding environment, both physical
and social.
- Filipinos possess a tolerance for ambiguity, creative, resourceful, adept at

learning and able to improvise and make use of whatever is at hand in order to create and
produce. -
- This quality is manifested in the ability of the filipino to adapt to life in any part
of the world, the ability to make new things out of scrap and to keep old machines
running, the ability to accept change.
F. Hard Work and Industry -Filipinos have the capacity for hard work given the
proper conditions. The desire to raise one’s standard of living and to possess the
essentials of a decent life for one’s family, combined with the right opportunities and
incentive stimulate the filipino to work very hard.
G. Faith and Religiosity – deep faith in God Ability to Survive- manifested in
the capacity to endure difficult times and to get by even on so little.
II. WEAKNESSES OF THE FILIPINO CHARACTER
A. Extreme personalism – manifested in the tendency to give personal

interpretations to actions, to take things personally.
B. Extreme family-centeredness – creates an image to which the filipino is fiercely
loyal to the detriment of concern for the larger community or common good. It manifests
in the use of office and power as a means of promoting the interests of the family,
patronage and political dynasties and in the protection of erring family members.
C. Lack of discipline – casual and relaxed attitude towards time and space which
manifests itself in lack of precision and compulsiveness, in poor time management and in
procrastination.
D. Passivity and Lack of initiative – strong reliance on others, submissive to
authority, filipinos tend to be complacent and there rarely sense of urgency about any
problem.
E. Colonial Mentality – 2 dimension; Lack of patriotism and actual preference for
things foreign. It manifests in the alienation of the elite from their roots and from the
masses, as well as in the basic feeling of national inferiority that makes us difficult to
relate as equals to westerners. Kanya-kanya Syndrome- crab mentality, selfish, self-
serving attitude.
III.ROOTS OF FILIPINO CHARACTER
47
Environment - Home, Social, Economic and Political Culture and Language

History Educational System Religion Mass media Leadership and Role Models
 As stated by Doreen G. Fernandez, the so-called negative Filipino traits have been
blamed for the weak character of the filipino, They are the culprits, the scapegoats of our
failures.
- the right to develop ourselves assumes a development of what we are, of what our
culture made us, within the context of our families, towns and nation.
- Cultural rights are part of the right of man. The right of people to survival, to self-
determination and to development.
- Before this nation came to be called the Philippines, it was composed of ethnic groups
or tribes scattered throughout the islands- each a community or small society, each with a
particular culture and cultural expressions.
Spanish culture and american culture had been adapted into the native culture and thus
indigenized, a certain uniformity or similarity could be discerned among the cultures of
the conquered people specifically the lowlanders. The people who remained unconquered
did not absorb this culture.
As a result of the ways of the spanish colonial government, later the American Insular
Government and still later the Philippine National Government, the culture of the
majority was taken as the basis for national policy and legislation and the culture of the
others- the so called cultural minorities or Tribal filipinos was neglected. There cultures
were not considered in the making of laws; this people were not usually given a voice in
government; their needs were not often taken as part of the national concern.
Prof. Felipe M. De Leon, Jr. In his published article “Cultural Identity and
Development” states the following: -Our educational system remains colonial rather than
culturally appropriate.
Our colonial experience seems to have conditioned us to seek rather than create work
opportunities, to adapt rather than to innovate and to conform rather than to lead. We
borrow alien thought and value system and forms of expression and produce nothing but
derivatives and clones. We forget that we can only be truly productive using our own
thought processes.
-Our low self-esteem as Filipinos borders on self-contempt, the results of which are: -
Doubt in Filipino capacity for achievement -Perverse delight among Filipinos to
constantly belittle themselves
-Serious lack of respect or contempt for each other -Instead of harnessing our culture as a
vast resource of knowledge and wisdom for sustainable development, we squander it by
wallowing in a negative self-image that is tantamount to our self-fulfilling prophecy.
 -The biggest challenge then is to deconstruct the negative self-images and notions
for ourselves we have imbibed through years of colonial misrule and
miseducation. The foundation of this transformation is education through cultural
awareness; a workable, effective program of education that can make Filipinos
more responsive and sensitive to filipino dignity, needs, values and cultural
potentials and assets.
Culture 101 Ways To Tell If Youre Filipino
1. You point with your lips.
48
2. You eat using hands and you have it down to a technique.

3. Your other piece of luggage is a balikbayan box.
4. You nod upwards to greet someone.
5. You put your foot up on your chair and rest your elbow on your knee while
eating.
6. You think that half-hatched duck eggs are a delicacy. “ Balot”
7. You have to kiss your relative on the cheek as soon as you enter the room.
8. Youre standing next eight big boxes at the airport.
9. You collect items from hotels or restaurants "for souvenir."
10. You smile for no reason.
11. You flirt by having a foolish grin in your face while raising your eyebrows
repeatedly.
12. You go to a department store and try to bargain the prices.
13. You use an umbrella for shade on hot summer days.
14. You scratch your head when you dont know the answer.
15. You never eat the last morsel of food on the table.
16. You like bowling.
17. You know how to play pusoy and mah-jong.
18. You find dried up morsels of rice stuck on your shirt.
19. You prefer to sit in the shade instead of basking in the sun.
20. You add an unwarranted "H" to your name, i.e. "Jhun," Bhoy," "Rhon."
21. You put hands together in front of you as if to make a path and say
"excuse, excuse" when you pass in between people or in front of the TV.
22. Your middle name is your mothers maiden name.
23. You like everything imported or "state-side."
24. You check the labels on clothes to see where it was made before buying.
25. You hang your clothes out to dry.
26. You are perfectly comfortable in a squatting position with your elbows
resting on your knees.
27. You consistently arrive 30 minutes late for all events.
28. You always offer food to all your visitors.
29. You say "comfort room" instead of "bathroom."
30. You say "for take out" instead of "to go"
31. You say "open" or "close" the light.
32. You ask for a "pentel-pen" or a "ball-pen" instead of just "pen."
33. You asked for "Colgate" instead of "toothpaste."
34. You refer to the refrigerator as the "ref" or "pridyider."
35. You say "kodakan" instead of take a picture.
49
36. You order a McDonalds instead of "hamburger" (pronounced ham-boor-

jer)
37. You say "Ha" instead of "What."
38. You say "Hoy" get someone attention.
39. You answer when someone yells "Hoy."
40. You turn around when someone says "Psst"
41. You say "Cutex" instead of "nail polish."
42. You say "he" when you mean "she" and vice versa.
43. You say "array" instead of "ouch."
44. Your sneeze sounds like "ahh-ching" instead of "ahh-choo."
45. You prefer to make acronyms for phrases such as "OA: for over acting or
"TNT" for, well, you know.
46. You say "air con" instead of "a/c" or air conditioner.
47. You say "brown-out" instead of "black-out."
48. You use a "walis ting-ting" or "walis tambo" as opposed to a conventional
broom.
49. You use a "Weapons of Moroland" shield hanging in the living room
wall.
50. You have a portrait of "The Last Supper" hanging in your dining room.
51. You own a karaoke system.
52.  You own a piano that no one ever plays.
53. You have a tabo in the bathroom.
54. Your house has too many burloloys.
55. You have two to three pairs of tsinelas at your doorstep.
56. Your house has an ornate wrought iron gate in front of it.
57. You have a rose garden.
58. You have a shrine of the "Santo Niño" in your living room.
59. You have a "barrel man" (you pull up the barrel and you see something
that looks familiar. Schwing...)
60. You cover the living room furniture with bedsheets.
61. Your lamp shades still have the plastic cover on them.
62. You have plastic runners to cover the carpets in your house.
63. You refer to your VCR as a "beytamax."
64. You have a rice dispenser.
65. You own a turbo boiler.
66. You own one of those fiber optic flower lamps.
67. You own a lamp with oil that drips down the strings.
68. You have a giant wooden fork and spoon hanging somewhere in the
dining room.
50
69. You have a giant wooden tinikling dancer on the wall.

70. You have capiz shells chandeliers, lamps, or placemats.
71. You have a Mercedes Benz and you call it "chedeng."
72. You own a huge van conversion.
73. Your car chirps like a bird or plays a tune when it is in reverse.
74. Your car horn can make 2 or 3 different sounds.
75. Your car has curb feelers or curb detectors.
76. Your car has too many "burloloys" like a Jeepneys back in P.I.
77.  You hang a rosary on your cars rear view mirror.
78. You have an air freshener in your car.
79. You have aunts and uncles named "Baby," "Girlie," or "Boy."
80. You were raised to believe that every Filipino is a aunt, uncle or cousin.
81. Your Dad was in the Navy.
82. Your mom or sister or wife is a nurse.
83. You have a family member or relative that works in the Post Office.
84. Your parents call each other "Mommy" and "Daddy" or "ma" and "pa."
85. You have family member that has a nickname that repeats itself,
i.e."Deng-Deng," Ling-Ling" or "Bing-Bing"
86. You put hot dogs in your spaghetti.
87. You consider dilis the Filipino equivalent to French fries.
88. You think that eating chocolate rice pudding and dried fish is a great
morning meal.
89. You order thing like tapsilog, tocsilog, or longsilog at restaurants.
90. You instinctively grab a toothpick after each meal.
91. You order a "soft drink" instead of a "soda."
92. You dip bread in your morning coffee.
93. You refer to seasonings and all other forms of monosodium glutamate as
"Ajinomoto."
94. Your cupboards are full of Spam, Vienna Sausage, Ligo, and Corned Beef,
which you refer to as Karne Norte.
95. Goldilocks means more to you than just a character in a fairy tale.
96. You appreciate a fresh pot of rice.
97. You bring your "baon" most of the time to work.
98. Your "baon" is usually something over rice.
99. Your neighbors complain about the smell of tuyo on Sunday mornings.
100. You eat rice for breakfast.
101. You use your fingers to measure the water.
THE FILIPINO CULTURE AND VALUES
51
Filipino culture- is the summation of indigenous forces and foreign influences that
had come to bear upon the people in varying degrees during the last centuries.
- Cotributory factors to Filipino Culture Malays Chinese Indian Hindu Spanish

Americans
A. The Filipino Cultural Perspectives
1. The Traditional Concept Hold that Filipino culture was developed due to the
conglomeration of the physical, intellectual, moral and spriritual aspects.
2. The Nationalistic View Regards culture as the summation of the needs of
people, the description of their past and present condition, an expression of their
values, thoughts and emotions, and the dipiction of their historic struggles too liberate
themselves.
3. Cultural Dualism The Philippines is a transitional society dominated on one
side by the traditional culture and on the other side by the modern culture.
A. Belief System Filipinos are believers of religion. They believe so much on

supernatural powers and viewed themselves as only a speck in this wide universe.
Success is considered a blessing from above, as a result of good luck and faith
Good is considered relative. Hapiness and success differ from one person to
another. Hospitality is practice.
B. Value System Cultural values are shared assumptions of what is right, good or
important. Guide man's behavior and action as he relates himself in most
situations in life. Can best be seen from the aspects of personal and social
relationships. Majority of Filipinos value more their honor (karangalan) rather
than wealth.
In decision- making, the Filipinos usually consult and take into consideration the
consensus of the family members as the feelings of those who are to be affected.
Filipinos love to mingle with other people particularly with friends and relatives.
They engaged themselves in mutual cooperation (Bayanihan) Filipinos are friendly.
They smile at people, even with strangers They are warm and simple Filipino women
are regardd and respected.
B. Value System
. 1. Utang-na -loob it is a technique of receprocity of debt of gratitude to others

within the family circle or primary group, sometimes unlimited in nature,
emotional rather than financial or rational. It is sign of marginal economy where
no place is available in bargaining, formal agreeements, written contracts, specific
rights and responsibilities.
. 2. Pakikisama Closely to utang-na-loob It is the value of belongingness and
loyalty to the snall in-group with sensitivity to the feelings of others on the
principle of “give and take.” Is a folk concept of good public relations and
avoidance of conflict with the leader or majority of the groups.
. 3. Hiya Controls a large extent the behavior of the individual. Dependent on
others will think, say and do. Because of hiya, a Filipino cannot say “NO” even it
is against his will to do what is being requested.
. 4. Bahala na Common expression among Filipinos and this rest on the fatalistic
outlook and strong dependence on the “spirits” who will take care of everything if
they are really meant for a person.
52
. 5. Authoritarianism It is the dependense of the Filipinos in a paternalistic rather

than in a stern way upon the eldres of the family, upon their boss, if employed,
and upon people in authority as their father figure. Commonly practice in the
Filipino familoyt which basically patriachal in nature. The father is seen as the
head that makes major decisions affecting the family.
. 6. Individualism Pattern of behavior which characterizes the Filipino as self-
centered The desire to make the name for himself becomes the primary
motivation for success.
. 7. Amor-propio Individual's highly emotional reaction to protect his honor and
dignity when they are threaten or questioned and to retaliate. Common forms of
this are “hele hele bago quiere” or pakipot which shows at aperson initially
refusing an offer even if he wants very much to accept it.
. Harana S E R E N A D E
. BAYANIHAN
. PAKIKISAMA
. PAGMAMANO
What is it about the Philippines that makes it different from the rest of the world?
Well, for one thing, it is all about their culture. Here are 11 things you should know
about Filipino culture that sets them apart from any other nation on the planet.
1. Filipinos are very resilient
In times of calamities and catastrophes, Filipinos always

manage to rise above the challenge. Instead of wallowing,
they manage to pick themselves up and smile.
Cousins take part in clearing operations as part of cash-for-

work scheme, Tacloban, Philippines | © Roland Nagy/Alamy
2. Filipinos take pride in their families
In the Philippines, it is family first. So

whether you are part of the immediate family
or you belong to the third or fourth
generation, you are treated as a family
member. Sometimes, even the closest of
friends are considered family, too.
Large extended family in Luzon,

Philippines | © Art Phaneuf / Alamy Stock Photo
3. Filipinos are very religious
In all corners of a Filipino house, you can

find brazen images of crosses and other
53
religious paraphernalia. They go to church every Sunday, or sometimes even twice or

three times a week.
Santo Nino devotees attend mass by the thousands | © Jacob Maentz / Alamy Stock
Photo
4. Filipinos are very respectful
From the moment they are born into this world, they are
already taught how to be respectful by using these
simple catchphrases—po and opo, words that end
sentences when addressing elders. They have a culture
of pagmamano, which is where they raise the backs of
the hands of their elders to their foreheads as a sign of
respect.
Young boy plays in school grounds, Banaue,

Philippines | © Asia Images / Alamy Stock Photo
5.Filipinos help one another
More popularly known

as bayanihan, Filipinos help one another—
without expecting anything in return—so that
undertaking their tasks and responsibilities
become much easier. Sometimes this is called
“community spirit.”
Bayanihan hopping spirit house sculpture by Alwin Reamillo, Philippines | © Richard

Milnes / Alamy Stock Photo
5. Filipinos value traditions and culture
For Filipinos, traditions in their home and in their

family are important. They usually set aside a
specific day for a certain celebration like
festivals, birthday parties, reunions, etc. And of
course, every gathering is dedicated to keeping up
with each other over sumptuous food.
A self service buffet of Filipino dishes at a

party | © Matthew Ashmore / Alamy Stock Photo
6.Filipinos love to party
Yes, Filipinos love to hold celebrations and

fiestas. Bacolod has its MassKara Festival,
Davao has its Kadayawan Festival, and
Marinduque has its Moriones Festival.
54
Dinagyang Festival in Iloilo, Philippines | © Kobby Dagan / VWPics / Alamy Stock

Photo
7. Filipinos have the longest Christmas

celebrations—ever
Even as early as August, you can

hear Christmas songs and jingles being
played in the malls or in the restaurants in the
Philippines. The mood becomes festive, with many people shopping and in good spirits.
Christmas celebrations last until around the first or second week of January.
Christmas display, Mactan International Airport, Cebu, Philippines | © Thomas

Cockrem / Alamy Stock Photo
8.Filipinos love to eat
Aside from breakfast, lunch, and

dinner, Filipinos manage to squeeze in a
little meal in between, too. Whether they
eat every hour or every three hours, they
savour every bite. Oh, and they do love
going to buffets!
Buffet in Villa Escudero, Laguna, Philippines | © NAMHWI KIM / Alamy Stock Photo
10.Filipinos love to sing
This is the reason why karaoke has

become so prevalent. As part of their
recreation, Filipinos spend some quality
time with their families or friends
singing or belting out new and old
songs.
Children singing, Philippines | ©

Thomas Cockrem / Alamy Stock Photo
Filipinos love art and architecture
Just look at the massive and tall buildings

everywhere. Filipinos have a penchant for
bringing art and architecture to a whole new
level. They love to design creatively, to
think intuitively, and have a passion for
anything different and unique.
55
Port of Manila at Manila Bay, Philippines | © Jui-Chi Chan / Alamy Stock Photo
Students Activity: VIDEO Monologue
Instruction: The student will create an exciting video monoloque about

the FILIPINO CULTURE using their own webcam, cellphone or video
camera then upload the video in our private page or in our CSU Lens.
Create a precise Monologue activity which shows the Filipino culture & tradition.
Note : Video Monologue Activity should be original, organized, entertaining and

creative.
RUBRIC FOR VIDEO MONOLOGUE PRESENTATION:
A. PHILIPPINE CULTURE PRACTICES “ Video Monologue”
- The presentation will be submitted thru CSULallo Lens or Thru gmail. Account
_______________.
- Guidelines for the Activity:
The Video Monologue should include multiple forms of media, including text, voice
narration, music and images. The presentation is a perfect opportunity to utilize
multimedia tools.
Description: Video Monologue- “act & perform the Filipino Culture”
Guidelines: Students will-
1. Create a video, visualize and act the different Filipino Culture base
on the lesson given above.
2. Perform and act at least Five (5) Filipino Culture practices.NOON
at NGAYON
3. Make your video presentation entertaining to the viewers.
4. Make a orginal script and play your role.
5. Props and costumes are required
6. No Foul words or sexual gesture.
7. Create your presentation interesting and lively for about 20 minutes.
8. Students open up one of the recommended apps, for upload and
record their video.
56
Moments of Truth:
Direction: Answer the following briefly.
1. What Makes Filipino unique from other nationalities?

2. What filipino cultural practices reflect spanish influence on filipino lifestyle today?
3. Explain the following Filipino Motto or Core Values below:
FILIPINO MOTTO ANSWERS

a. MAKATAO
b. MAKAKALIKASAN
c. MAKA DIYOS
d. MAKABANSA
4.As a youth today , what filipino culture practice we have in your generation?
5.What filipino culture do you use in your everyday life?
Summary:
FILIPINO CULTURE

The Filipino culture is an exuberant story that tells of the nation's journey through
the centuries. Customs reflect the people's faith, their oneness with others, their
affinity with nature, and their celebration of life.
The Filipino's charm lies in their smiles, in the numerous religious festivals that
venerate nature, the Divine and the cycles of life and in the virtue of pakikipag-
kapwa tao that treasures relationships, with friends and strangers alike. The concept
of kapwa(others) is at the core of the Filipino soul. A Filipino scholar says of the
Filipino: the joy of his being is in being with others.
The nation's charm is in the diversity in ways of life across the archipelago, the
resplendent colors of its folk arts and the cacophony of foreign influences that have
found roots in the Filipino languages, customs and traditions.
And so there are the bright Santacruzan festivals in May, with pagan origins but
portraying strong Christian symbols, and an extended romance with Christmas in
December. There are the passionate Hispanic tempos in the dances of the plains of
Luzon, the elegant Muslim dances for wars and weddings from Mindanao, and the
ancient strains of indigenous music in the highlands. The country has quaint town
squares that remind the spectator of its colonial past, light breezy huts with fences
decked with bougainvillas along the country lanes, sprawling malls, high-rises and
frantic city avenues, houses made of stones in typhoon-strewn islands in the North
and houses on stilts in the South.
Another writer observes that the Filipinos tendency towards passionate profusion and
unrestrained exuberance in his art stems from his exposure to nature's lush,
magnificent landscapes around him the whole year through. Thus the richly
57
embroidered Barong Tagalog (national dress), baroque architecture in the 19th

century and the flaming spectrum of colors in jeepney passenger cars, ice cream
carts, Christmas lanterns, kalesa (horse carriages), fiestas and religious processions.
Filipinos worship devoutly in their cathedrals and mosques (the busy urban dwellers
attend religious services inside shopping malls and al fresco, in parks and plazas).
They can sing and recognize good singing when they hear it. They smile at strangers
and babies, and through queues, rainshowers and traffic. They socialize in parties
and discotheques, as well as in markets and community dances. They make and keep
friendships over food, over lambanog (coconut wine), over mobile phone text
messaging. They are sentimental and devoted to their families. They have profound
respect for elders and show self-effacing hospitality for guests. They speak over 100
local languages and dialects, of which the Tagalog-based Filipino is the lingua
franca, as well English, with an accent. They are basketball fans. They love
Hollywood films and television dramas. They are pedestrians who chat while
walking and they are the passengers in the ubiquitous jeepneys. They love laughing,
at themselves, their politics, their game shows. They are cosmopolitan in their views
but their values are rooted in their faith, their family and their community.
The Filipinos' temperament is as warm and constant as their sunshine. Their way of
life is rich, diverse and rooted. They are in harmony with others and face the world
with an engagingly courageous spirit. They are the 73 million Filipinos.
Closure:
Congratulations! This lesson is about to end. Give yourself a pat on the

shoulder. To officially end your learning experience, write your reflections by completing
the graphic organizer below.
REFERENCES:
https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/11-things-you-should-know-
about-the-filipino-culture/
https://www.slideshare.net/dancinglady023/filipino-culture-and-values
https://www.slideshare.net/guevarra_2000/filipino-culture-report
58
https://www.everyculture.com/No-Sa/The-Philippines.html-
https://beijingpe.dfa.gov.ph/people/82-the-philippines/89-introduction-on-the-
filipino-culture
59

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Chapter 1 Phlippine Geography

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Unit 1: Philippine Geography, Tourism & Culture

HTC 15- PHILIPPINES

Unit 1: Philippine Profile, Culture & Tourism

The Philippine archipelago, which is positioned in the western Pacific Ocean, is

The nation’s strategic positioning as a gateway between the Pacific and

Boasting the 3rd-largest Catholic population in the world, the Philippines

Natural resources are plentiful in the Philippines. Named by the Asian

Despite abundant resources, mining has remained an underdeveloped

This lesson describes the Philippine Geography on its Physical

Unit Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the unit, you will be able to:

Lesson 1: Philippine Profile

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

Capturing the Concept:

1. What is the Philippine Geography on its physical environment & natural

Hunting for Information:

ORIGIN AND GEOGRAPHY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Physical Environment and Its Natural Resources

A. ORIGIN OF THE PHILIPPINES

EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE

The Philippine location is important because:

 It is the only Christian nation in the non-Christian Asian world.

 Topography means the physical features of country. The Philippines is an

IV. SEVEN MAJOR MOUNTAINS RANGES

 The longest being the Sierra

 The Central Plain

VI.ABOUT 132 RIVERS

 Its longest river is the

Other waterfalls are the ff:

a. Maria Cristina Falls in Lanao del Norte;

 The Philippine climate is tropical and monsoonal in character.

VII. Natural Calamities

 There are more than 50 volcanoes in

God, Land and People. There

- GOD, PEOPLE and Land

- The Philippines is blessed in all

I. THE NAME PHILIPPINES

 Early Chinese traders who

II. NATURAL RESOURCES

B. The World’s Greatest

 God has blessed our

Other remarkable birds in the country are;

1) The Kalaw, called the “ Clock of the Mountains” by the Spanish

Four unique animals are:

 The forest lands have total area 16,633,000 hectares,

F. Fish And Marine Resources

 The huge of “whale shark”(Rhincodon typus) is called “pating bulik”

 Many minerals are found in the country (metallic or non-metallic).Metallic

The Philippines energy needs are supplied by

 The Oil and Gas Discovery in Palawan.

natural gas from this Field offers great economic

EARLY HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINES

A. Stone-Age(c.50,000 - c.500 BC)

 The first evidence

B. Callao Man (c. 41000 BC)

 The earliest human remains

C. Tabon Man(c.24000 or 22,000 BC)

 A fossilized fragments of a skull and jawbone of three individuals,