A PROPOSED BUS TERMINAL IN THE

MUNICIPALITY OF LAPU-LAPU CITY

_______________________________________
A Thesis Proposal
Presented to the
Architecture Department, College of
Cebu City
_______________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE

By:
KIETH CASPER MENDELEBAR
KENNETH JAY YBANEZ

September 1, 2023
 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

Rationale of the Study

Lapu-Lapu City is growing fast leading to an increased demand for public transport

facilities and services. This has been afterward demanding suitable Bus terminals. This will lead

to a good opportunity to design such a structure to provide a better way of improving the efficiency

of the public transportation system with the guidance of basic architectural standards and bus

terminal standards.

This study is significant because it aims to enhance the efficiency and smoothness of the

public transportation system in Lapu-Lapu City, thereby advancing both theoretical understanding

and practical applications in designing bus terminals for Lapu-Lapu City that will lead to a better

future. By designing a green architecture bus terminal, the researchers anticipate uncovering

valuable data that will lead to a deeper comprehension of smoothing the transportation system.

The outcome of this study has the potential to improve the lives of the people in Lapu-Lapu City

and their transportation systems, benefiting the users and its environment. Through this research,

the researchers endeavor to make a meaningful contribution to the people of Lapu-Lapu City and

its environment by providing an accessible type of transit system in the vicinity.

As Lapu-Lapu City continues to grow, existing roads and transit systems tend to overload

causing worsened traffic conditions. Mactan Economic Processing Zone located in Lapu-Lapu

City employs thousands of workers across Cebu thus creating the need for an effective

transportation system. This move aims to improve public transit through a strategic establishment

of Bus terminals near the epicenter of the city’s urbanized areas.

The purpose of this is to enhance public transportation accessibility, particularly during peak

hours, in order to cater to a larger number of commuters seeking convenient vehicle access and

to enhance the overall quality of urban life.

THE PROBLEM
Statement of the problem

The lack of public transportation facilities in the Municipality of Lapu-Lapu City causes

road congestion and poor vehicle mobility. Determining the appropriate design standards for the

Bus terminal, specifically for Lapu-Lapu City's first public transit facility, is a challenge.

More specifically, it will attempt to answer the following questions:

1.) Is there any existing bus terminal in Lapu-Lapu City?

2.) What is the Architectural consideration to be used in the proposed bus terminal?

3.) What is the benefit of this proposal in the community and its environment in 10 years?

4.) What types of terminals should be used in this kind of proposal?

5.) What bus loading plan is efficient to use in the proposed bus terminal?

Objectives

The design aims to establish a bus terminal for the municipality of Lapu-Lapu City. The

design standard would not only reduce traffic but would also relieve the commuter’s overall

transit experience. The objective is to provide a bus terminal for the municipality of Lapu-Lapu

City as a public transit facility routing to various parts of Cebu City. Categorically, it will attempt

to provide the following objectives:

• The Municipality of Lapu-Lapu has existing jeepney terminals but no stablished bus

terminals. The proposed public transportation facility will be the first established bus

terminal of the municipality of Lapu-Lapu City.

• The proposed terminal is carefully designed based on the following considerations:

o Principles of Terminal Planning & Design

o Access and approach

o Location

o Operational parameters

o Existing capacity and future demand estimation

o Enhanced level of service

o Integrating multi-modal accessibility and feeder infrastructure

o Integrating universal design

o Integrating sustainable development practices

• The terminal will be beneficial to the following:

o Segregation of bus and non-bus traffic

o Segregation of pedestrian and vehicular movement

o Elimination of vehicular traffic conflict

o Segregation of pedestrian flows

o Minimum processing for the buses

o Segregation of transportation and no-transportation activities

• The bus terminal should be a Suburban interstate terminal a peripheral type designed to

avoid the traffic congestion and heavy investment associated with central city bus

terminal facilities.

• The design aims to use a Straight Sawtooth Loading plan

o Efficient employed where the lot is comparatively narrow and deep.

 o " Passenger has a direct approach to the loading door.

o Baggage trucks can operate between buses for side loading.

Significance of the Study

The results of this study will be significant to the following beneficiaries:

Local Government Unit (LGUs). This study will provide knowledge to the government about

the worsened traffic conditions and how mass transportation provides the best possible solution.

Residents of Lapu-Lapu City. This study will serve as an additional transportation system in

the city that is convenient for long travel.

Community. The outcome of this study will provide additional information about how the use of

mass transportation through buses will help reduce the use of private vehicles thus decreasing

traffic congestion and lessening urban pollution.

Regular Passengers. The results of this study will provide reliable and predictable

transportation for arrival and departure which is convenient for regular passengers.

Drivers and Operators. This study will provide knowledge about the efficiency of establishing

bus terminals thus opening job opportunities to public utility drivers and operators.

Researchers. This study will provide valuable data and a clear picture of the present transit

system location and its impacts on accessibility and mobility within a city to the researchers.

Future researchers. The outcome of this study will be useful to future scholars. The results of

this study may serve as the foundation for future theories.

 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Bus Terminal - A defined location where a bus or coach begins or terminates its planned route

is known as a bus terminus or bus terminal. The predetermined location where a schedule is

timed is known as the terminus. Bus stations, interchanges, bus garages, and bus stops may all

have termini.

Public Transit Facility - refers to all real and personal property, including street railways, motor

buses, tramlines, subways, monorails, rail rapid transit facilities, tunnels, bridges, parking

facilities, that improves the efficiency of a public transportation system, is functionally related to a

public transportation system, or creates new or improved coordination between public

transportation and other forms of transportation.

Design Standards - a necessary component of every project's design. These rules, like those in

the building code, fire code, or electrical code, are mandatory; they are not advisory. The

application of these requirements cannot be waived throughout the design review process.

Commuter - a person who often makes a long commute to work

Destination - the location where someone, something, or both are being sent to.

essential - a destination is a location where someone, something, or both are being sent.

Green design - environmental design, a destination is a location where someone, something, or

both are being sent.

 Chapter 2

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

Review of Related Literature

In (2014), Patrick Stephen Waje, the author of the thesis Eco-Designed Central Intermodal

Transportation with Interconnected Business Hub Approach of the Future stated that public

transportations are an essential part of the daily needs from every commuter that goes beyond to its

destination, creating its way of a total journey. It creates a total venue of destination, creating form of joy

and excitement from every terminus where it takes upon and ends. As public transportation mobilizes

itself to a more modernized and a new transcends progress, creation of business affiliation comes upon

to suite up the needs with respect to proceed the modernization of such essentiality of certain

organization.

In (2016) Wenjun Wang, and Hongxing Yi The author of the thesis Research of Humanized Design of Urban

Bus Station Stated that a Bus station is a part of urban facilities and an indispensable important link of

urban transport system as well. The design of it directly affects the daily life of everyone in the city.
This paper, from the perspective of humanization, and taking Wuhan City as an example, studied the

design of bus station in the city, and proposed a variety of design basis and methods for consideration to

provide a convenient and green commuting for citizens.

In (2018) Yi Luo, Dalin Qian, the author of Research on the Impact Scope of Bus Stations Based on

the Application of Bus Lane stated that Designation of bus lane means implementing the priority of urban

bus system by monopolizing portion of the road resources, which has greater attraction for passengers

and can impel the shift of bus passenger flow, thus impacting bus stations. With the aim of mastering the
scope and extent of the impact accurately, the article firstly modified the bus station network and the bus

transfer network.

In (2019) Jianhua Lyu, Jia Xiang, Junqi Zhao and Ming, the author of Design of Bus Station Based

on Sustainable Development and Humanization Design principles-Take Two Design Plans for Example

stated that This study was performed to investigate the status and exiting problems of bus station design

use by using comparative analysis, literature analysis, case analysis and other methods, then provide

references for functional requirements of bus station. The theoretical and practical analysis says that

principle of sustainability, demand, safety, humanization and cultural heritage should be considered in

bus station design.

https://planningtank.com/transportation/planning-considerations-for-bus-terminal
https://www.philstar.com/cebu-news/2005/07/24/288063/lapu-lapu-regulate-private-puj-
terminals
https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1923143/cebu/local-news/ltfrb-7-approves-lapu-lapus-public-
transport-plan
https://www.philatlas.com/visayas/r07/lapu-lapu.html
https://www.remix.com/blog/8-benefits-of-public-transportation
Time-Saver Standards for Building Types by Joseph De Chiara (z-lib.org).pdf

pdfcoffee.com_final-thesis-report-waje-patrick-stephen-pdf-free.pdf