Sumbook Foundation

Exercises in GCSE
Mathematics
Foundation level
Robert Joinson
Sumbooks
Sumbooks Chester CH4 8BB
Exercises in GCSE Mathematics-Foundation level
First Published 1998 Computer edition 2000
Copyr ight R J oinson and Sumbooks
This package of worksheets is sold subject to the condition

that it is used for educational purposes only on
the premises of the purchaser
ISBN 0 9531626 1 3
Preface
This book covers the GCSE syllabi to be examined for the
first time in 1998. It was written with year 11 pupils in mind but
can be used in year 10 as part of the course for those pupils
intending to do the intermediate papers at the end of year 11.
Some areas have more questions than are needed for some
pupils. Exercises on pages 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 13, 15, 17, 18, and
19, contain lots of questions and are aimed at pupils requiring a
great deal of practice. However the questions are graded and it
might only be necessary for some students to do the first column
and then each row when they begin to have problems. In general
questions in the same row tend to be of the same difficulty,
whereas the difficulty increases down the page.
All graphs can be accommodated on A4 size graph paper used
in 'portrait' mode. The answers to the questions on co-ordinates,
nets, reflections, rotations, translations, enlargements and
tessellations can be drawn within the size of paper indicated in
the question.
I would like to thank my wife Jenny and my daughters
Abigail and Hannah for all the help and encouragement they have
given me in writing this.
R Joinson January 1998

Chester
.
Contents
1. Rounding off and Estimating

2. Reading and Writing Whole Numbers
3. Fractions, Decimals and Percentages (1)
6. Ordering Directed Numbers
7. Multiplying and Dividing by 10, 100 etc
8. Multiplication and Division
9. Use of the Calculator
10. Types of Numbers
11. Personal and Household Finance
12. Ratio and Proportion
14. Tables
15. Number Patterns and Sequences (1)
17. Substitution
18. Simplifying Expressions
19. Equations
20. Forming Expressions
21. Distance Time Graphs (1)
22. Distance Time Graphs (2)
23. Co-ordinates
24. Conversion Graphs (1)
26. Plotting Graphs
27. Trial and Improvement
28. Bearings
29. Nets and Isometric Drawings (1)
31. Reflection Symmetry
32. Reflection
33. Angles
34. Triangles
35. Regular Polygons
36. Quadrilaterals
37. Shapes
38. Enlargements
39. Scale Drawings
40. Rotational Symmetry
41. Rotation
42. Translations (1)
44. Tessellations
45. Planes of Symmetry
46. Volume
47. Using Measurement
48. Circumference of a Circle
49. Areas and Perimeters
50. Time
51. Plans
52. Speed
53. Best buys
54. Pictograms
55. Areas of circles
56. Probability-Tables (1)
58. Probability (1)
59. Probability (2)
60. Grouped Frequency
61. Pie Charts
62. Bar Charts
63. Mean
64. Median, Mode and Range
65. Mean, Median, Mode and Range
66. Scatter Graphs
67. Line Graphs
68. Surveys and questionnaires
Answers. Pages 69 to 77
Sumbooks1998 Foundation
1. Rounding off and Estimating

Exercise 1
Round off the following numbers in the way stated
1) 67 to the nearest 10 2) 93 to the nearest 10
7) 846 a) to the nearest 10 and b) to the nearest 100
10) 5876 a) to the nearest 10, b) to the nearest 100 and c) to the nearest 1000
Exercise 2
1) The number of boys in a school is 456 and the number of girls is 512.
a) Round off both numbers to the nearest 100 and estimate the total number of
pupils at the school.
b) Round off both numbers to the nearest 10 and do a similar estimate.
2) A theatre has 37 rows each with 22 seats. The total number of seats is 37 × 22.
a) Write down the numbers you would use to get an estimate of the answer.
b) Calculate this estimate.
3) A CD player costs £167 and a TV costs £280. What simple calculation would you
do to show that the total cost is less than £500?
4) A jar of jam costs 57p, a tub of margarine costs 48p and a bottle of sauce costs 77p.
What simple calculation would you do to show that the total cost is less than £2.00?
5) Tickets for a concert cost £5.75 each. A group of 18 people went to the concert.
What simple calculation would you use to show that the total cost is less than
£120?
6) I travel 57 miles from home to Birmingham. I then go to my gran's house, a further
36 miles from Birmingham. What simple calculation must I do to show that I have
not travelled more than 100 miles?
7) A bus is hired to take a group of pupils on a trip. The bus seats 48 passengers. If the
cost of each fare is £2.80, show that the total cost for the group is less than £150.
8) A book costs £5.49. If I buy it with a £20 note, do a simple calculation to show that
my change is less than £15.
9) A case of wine contains 12 bottles. In a store room there are 37 cases.
Approximately how many bottles is this? Show how you would do this estimate.
Exercise 3
Estimate the value of each of the following. In each case show how it was done.
1) 54 × 27 2) 34 × 45 3) 12 × 63 4) 54 × 63
5) 86 × 43 6) 54 × 25 7) 104 × 38 8) 163 × 21
9) 39 × 123 10) 73 × 190 11) 203 ÷ 21 12) 120 ÷ 19
13) 164 ÷ 22 14) 235 ÷ 24 15) 582 ÷ 27 16) 810 ÷ 21
17) 983 ÷ 47 18) 1573 ÷ 42 19) 2056 ÷ 52 20) 2764 ÷ 68
32 × 43 21 × 43 52 × 63 32 × 43
21) 22) 23) 24)
6 8 5 19
321 × 4 396 × 23 571 × 33 321 × 43
25) 26) 27) 28)
31 41 57 61
Exercise 1
Write in words the following numbers
1) 106 2) 214 3) 356 4) 597 5) 893
6) 1342 7) 4327 8) 5302 9) 7102 10) 8073
11) 11,345 12) 14,536 13) 27,356 14) 54,362 15) 73,002
16) 163,765 17) 374,305 18) 340,000 19) 543,009 20) 600,087
21) 6,000,000 22) 4,762,800 23) 5,700,345 24) 4,000,764 25) 7,100,067
Exercise 2
Write in number form the following
1) One hundred and fifty six 2) Seven hundred and six
3) Four hundred and seven 4) Six hundred and seventy
5) Three thousand 6) Four thousand three hundred and sixty seven
7) Two thousand and eighty 8) Six thousand and six
9) Five thousand and sixty seven 10) Nine thousand, nine hundred and ninety
11) Twenty seven thousand 12) Forty thousand
13) Sixty three thousand and five 14) Eighty seven thousand, five hundred
15) Seventy seven thousand, four hundred and twenty two
16) Eighteen thousand nine hundred and fifty seven
17) Two hundred thousand
18) One hundred and sixty seven thousand
19) Three hundred and twenty four thousand, five hundred and fifty six
20) Seven hundred and fifty four thousand and seventy two
21) Three million
22) Four million, nine hundred thousand
23) Seven million, one hundred and sixteen thousand, nine hundred and fifty six
24) Six million, fourteen thousand, nine hundred and fifty seven
25) Eight million, seven hundred and fifty three thousand and two
Exercise 3
1) Add together one thousand six hundred and four, and seventy nine.
2) Add together seven hundred and sixty three and three hundred and twenty seven.
3) What is one hundred and forty seven add eighty four?
4) Subtract seventy six from one hundred and fifty two.
5) What is the answer when fifty four is taken away from one hundred and five?
6) What is the difference between fifty nine and two hundred?
7) Calculate the sum of one hundred and two, three hundred and seventeen and four
hundred and thirty seven.
8) Add together two thousand and sixty eight and one hundred and seventy one.
9) What is seventy one subtracted from one hundred and fifty?
10) What is three hundred and forty subtract ninety two?
Exercise 4
Write down each answer in words.
1) What is the value of the 5 in the number 354?
5) What is the value of the 1 in the number 17,450?
8) What is the value of the 3 in the number 3,654,990?
9) What in the value of the 8 in the number 5,835,000?
10) What is the value of the 7 in the number 6,670,000?
Exercise 1
Change into decimals (correct to 4 decimal places where necessary)
3 5 2 3 5 7
1) 4 2) 8 3) 5 4) 8 5) 12 6) 20
8 7 3 4 14 8
7) 15 8) 25 9) 13 10) 27 11) 25 12) 30
11 3 5 7 8 9
13) 20 14) 7 15) 9 16) 16 17) 23 18) 16
Exercise 2
Change these decimals into percentages
1) 0.26 2) 0.34 3) 0.72 4) 0.87 5) 0.64 6) 0.35
7) 0.42 8) 0.961 9) 0.432 10) 0.614 11) 0.584 12) 0.826
13) 0.932 14) 0.3 15) 0.6 16) 1.9 17) 2.38 18) 6.41
Exercise 3
Change into percentages correct to 4 significant figures
4 8 7 3 9 5
1) 5 2) 10 3) 15 4) 20 5) 16 6) 14
10 24 18 12 25 15
7) 23 8) 50 9) 35 10) 37 11) 40 12) 32
18 27 81 41 81 57
13) 26 14) 34 15) 94 16) 56 17) 156 18) 96
Exercise 4
Compare each of the following sets of numbers by first changing them into
percentages. Write them down in order of size, smallest to largest.
1 3
1) 0.2 23% 2) 8 0.41 36%
4
7 5
3) 0.8 87% 4) 16 0.3 31%
8
3 7
5) 0.14 10% 6) 16 0.47 43.7%
20
8 9
7) 0.35 30% 8) 17 0.47 47.3%
23
6 8
9) 0.2 21% 10) 31 0.25 25.6%
28
Exercise 5
Copy each of the following diagrams into your book. Mark on them the approximate
positions of the required numbers
0 1
1)
a) 0.8 b) 30% c) 35
0 1
2)
a) 75% b) 0.16 c) 7
8
0 1
3)
a) 1 b) 15% c) 0.543
3
Exercise 1
What fraction of the following shapes have been shaded in?
1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
What percentage of the following shapes have been shaded in?

6) 7) 8) 9) 10)
Exercise 2
Calculate
3 3 7 5
1) 4 of 20 2) 4 of 204 3) 8 of £90 4) 8 of £1.68
5 3 5 7
5) 8 of 20 metres 6) 4 of 1212 metres 7) 12 of £75 8) 16 of 84 m
7 9 7 3
9) 30 of £66 10) 16 of 4.4 metres 11) 8 of £44 12) 10 of 7.7 m
Exercise 3
Calculate
1) 37% of 600 2) 24% of 50 3) 36% of 950 4) 41% of 500
5) 15% of £6 6) 40% of £1.50 7) 60% of £19 8) 17% of 8 metres
9) 24% of £9 10) 72% of £4.50 11) 52% of £16.50 12) 93% of 1200
Exercise 4
Change these marks into percentages. (Give your answer correct to the nearest whole
number)
1) 24 out of 50 2) 38 out of 60 3) 27 out of 40 4) 37 out of 80
Exercise 5
1) A car travels to London, a distance of 200 miles. 60 miles of this is on the
motorway. What fraction of the whole journey is on the motorway?
2) A cake weighs 800 grams. If 450 grams of this is flour, what fraction of the cake is
flour?
3) David earns £200 a week. He pays £60 in tax. What fraction of his wages does he
pay in tax and what is this as a percentage?
2
4) 5 of the cost of a washing machine goes to the manufacturer. If a washing machine
costs £250, how much does the manufacturer get?
5) Jack earns £200. If 15% of this is tax, how much tax does he pay?
1) Liam earns £120 per week. If he gets a rise of 10%, what is his new wage?
1
2) A fridge normally costs £180. In a sale its price is reduced by 5 . What is its new
price?
3) A house was on sale for £60,000. The owner decided to lower its price by 7%.
What is the new price?
4) The basic model of a car will travel 40 miles on a gallon of petrol. The de luxe
version will travel 81 further. How far will the de luxe car travel on a gallon of
petrol?
5) Due to the bad summer weather, a farmer says that her potato crop will be 52 lower
than last year. She harvested 55 tonnes last year. What will it be this year?
6) It is expected that the number of new pupils at Clintster Community College will
be 15% up on last year. 180 pupils started last year. How many are expected this
year?
7) Sales of a magazine were 30,000 last week. They are expected to be 41 higher this
week. Approximately how many will be sold?
8) Packets of seeds normally contain 60 seeds. The new packets say '32 extra free' on
them. How many will now be in each packet?
9) The population of a town was 56,000 last year. It is expected to increase by 6% this
year. What will the new population be?
10) 20% of a box of oranges are unfit to be sold. If the box contains 150 oranges, how
many will be sold?
11) VAT (value added tax) of 6% is added to an electricity bill. How much is the total
bill when £60 of electricity is used?
12) VAT is added onto the cost of work done by a plumber at a rate of 1712 %. What is
the total bill for £40 of work?
13) A solid bar of metal is cut into the shape of a tube. In doing this the bar loses 59 of
its weight. What will the tube weigh if the bar weighed 720 grammes?
14) In a sale the price of a shirt was reduced by 13 . If its original price was £12.60,
what was its new price?
15) VAT of 1712 % is added to the price of a computer. If its original price was £725
calculate the price, including tax, correct to the nearest penny.
16) The height of a plant is 15cm on Monday. By Friday it has increased in height by
7
10
. What is its new height?
3
17) The telephone company says that my bill will go down by 20 if I subscribe to
their new system. What will my next bill be if my last one was £34.56, correct to
the nearest penny?
Exercise 1
1) Copy the number line below and mark on the numbers

20, –10, –30, 12, –5, 5, –28, –13
–20 0
2) Copy the number line below and mark on the numbers
–1, 1.6, – 12 , 2, 1 34 , –2.9, –1 34
–2 0
3) Write down the following numbers in order of size, lowest first
–6, 5, 26, –13, 1, –1, 0, and –12
4) Write down the following numbers in order of size, lowest first
1 3 1
–1.3, 1.8, –2 , 2, –6, 24 , 0, 3.1, –44
Exercise 2
Calculate the final temperature, if
1) 50 C increases by 90 C 2) 50 C falls by 30 C
3) 120 C falls by 150 C 4) –20 C increases by 40 C
5) –50 C falls by 80 C 6) 90 C falls by 40 C
7) –80 C falls by 120 C 8) –40 C increases by 20 C
9) 80 C falls by 120 C 10) –60 C falls by 50 C
Exercise 3
What is the change in temperature between each of the following?
1) 30 C and 70C 2) 170 C and 230C
3) –5 C and 4 C
0 0 4) –70 C and 20C
5) –6 C and –3 C
0 0 6) –70 C and 00C
7) 5 C and 2 C
0 0 8) 70 C and –20C
9) 5 C and –3 C
0 0 10) –20 C and –70C
Exercise 4
1) The table shows the temperatures at 4 towns in the United Kingdom on one day
Perth Llandudno Norwich Belfast

Midday 3 5 6 2
Midnight –7 1 0 –1
a) Which place had the lowest midday temperature?

b) Which place had the lowest midnight temperature?
c) Which place had the biggest change in temperature and by how much?
d) Which place had the least drop in temperature and by how much?
2) At midnight the temperature was –100 C. At midday it had risen to 20 C. What was
the change in temperature?
3) If the temperature falls from 50 C to –70C, what is the change in temperature?
4) In a quiz, competitors get 2 marks for every correct answer, –1 for not answering
and –2 for every incorrect answer. If three teams were given 20 questions each,
calculate their scores and decide which team won. Team A answered 10 correct, 6
incorrect and failed to answer 4. Team B answered 11 correct and 9 incorrect.
Team C answered 11 correct, 7 incorrect and failed to answer 2.
7. Multiplying and Dividing by 10, 100 etc.
Exercise 1
Write down the answer to each of the following
1) 6 × 10 2) 17 × 10 3) 36 × 10 4) 124 × 10
5) 674 × 10 6) 4 × 100 7) 25 × 100 8) 142 × 100
9) 362 × 100 10) 760 × 100 11) 7 × 1000 12) 38 × 1000
13) 97 × 1000 14) 270 × 1000 15) 38 × 10,000 16) 420 × 10,000
17) 70 ÷ 10 18) 400 ÷ 10 19) 920 ÷ 10 20) 2100 ÷ 10
21) 300 ÷ 100 22) 4000 ÷ 100 23) 8200 ÷ 100 24) 10,000 ÷ 100
25) 6000 ÷ 1000 26) 16,000 ÷ 1000 27) 20,000 ÷ 1000 28) 37,000 ÷ 1000
Exercise 2
1) 1.3 × 10 2) 7.4 × 10 3) 12.2 × 10 4) 27.6 × 10
5) 2.87 × 10 6) 5.38 × 10 7) 72.64 × 10 8) 123.67 × 10
9) 3.47 × 100 10) 7.50 × 100 11) 16.48 × 100 12) 128.37 × 100
13) 4.6 × 100 14) 18.5 × 100 15) 173.6 × 100 16) 872.4 × 100
17) 2.532 × 1000 18) 12.673 × 1000 19) 2.46 × 1000 20) 341.4 × 1000
21) 0.3 × 10 22) 0.456 × 10 23) 0.02 × 10 24) 0.0074 × 10
25) 0.5 × 100 26) 0.19 × 100 27) 0.937 × 100 28) 0.002 × 100
29) 0.023 × 1000 30) 0.37 × 1000 31) 0.4 × 1000 32) 0.0532 × 1000
Exercise 3
1) 2 ÷ 10 2) 2.7 ÷ 10 3) 17 ÷ 10 4) 153 ÷ 10
5) 6.34 ÷ 10 6) 0.34 ÷ 10 7) 0.056 ÷ 10 8) 0.002 ÷ 10
9) 2.43 ÷ 100 10) 48.4 ÷ 100 11) 327 ÷ 100 12) 1870 ÷ 100
13) 0.367 ÷ 100 14) 0.67 ÷ 100 15) 0.0183 ÷ 100 16) 0.5 ÷ 100
17) 6 ÷ 1000 18) 16 ÷ 1000 19) 2.6 ÷ 1000 20) 27.45 ÷ 1000
21) 0.3765 ÷ 1000 22) 0.0254 ÷ 1000 23) 0.034 ÷ 1000 24) 0.03 ÷ 1000
Exercise 4
1) What must 238 be multiplied by to get 23800?
2) What must 14.6 be multiplied by to get 14600?
3) What must 0.034 be multiplied by to get 34?
4) What must 736 be divided by to get 7.36?
5) What must 6 be divided by to get 0.006?
6) What must 0.087 be divided by to get 0.00087?
7) If 12 is multiplied by 1000 what is the value of the 2 in the answer?
8) If 0.389 is multiplied by 1000, what is the value of the 8 in the answer?
9) If 23 is divided by 100, what is the value of the 3 in the answer?
10) If 0.27 is divided by 100, what is the value of the 7 in the answer?
Exercise 1
Short division with or without remainders
1) 57 ÷ 7 2) 83 ÷ 6 3) 94 ÷ 8 4) 106 ÷ 4
5) 183 ÷ 9 6) 401 ÷ 6 7) 372 ÷ 3 8) 861 ÷ 7
9) 974 ÷ 5 10) 462 ÷ 8 11) 341 ÷ 9 12) 576 ÷ 6
Exercise 2
Long division with or without remainders
1) 87 ÷ 17 2) 96 ÷ 23 3) 84 ÷ 11 4) 143 ÷ 34
5) 176 ÷ 26 6) 541 ÷ 67 7) 341 ÷ 44 8) 183 ÷ 14
9) 196 ÷ 16 10) 215 ÷ 18 11) 326 ÷ 24 12) 184 ÷ 17
13) 285 ÷ 22 14) 497 ÷ 31 15) 567 ÷ 34 16) 674 ÷ 23
17) 841 ÷ 21 18) 456 ÷ 27 19) 845 ÷ 42 20) 956 ÷ 51
Exercise 3
Division without remainders (answer in decimal form)
1) 15.0 ÷ 2 2) 25.0 ÷ 4 3) 58 ÷ 8 4) 34 ÷ 5
5) 30 ÷ 4 6) 93 ÷ 6 7) 188 ÷ 8 8) 90 ÷ 8
9) 81 ÷ 4 10) 273 ÷ 6 11) 27.6 ÷ 5 12) 210 ÷ 8
13) 145 ÷ 4 14) 238 ÷ 8 15) 214 ÷ 4 16) 156 ÷ 8
17) 14.7 ÷ 5 18) 50.4 ÷ 5 19) 58.8 ÷ 7 20) 583 ÷ 4
Exercise 4
Long multiplication
1) 27 × 32 2) 84 × 19 3) 26 × 47 4) 33 × 34 5) 86 × 54
6) 121 × 17 7) 216 × 27 8) 143 × 34 9) 256 × 47 10) 354 × 3
11) 374 × 63 12) 542 × 73 13) 431 × 86 14) 853 × 64 15) 427 × 27
16) 862 × 73 17) 491 × 93 18) 354 × 76 19) 529 × 69 20) 592 × 74
9. Use of the Calculator
Exercise 1
Calculate each of the following pairs of problems. Predict the answers before you do
them.
1) 4+8÷4 and (4 + 8) ÷ 4
2) 3+5×4 and (3 + 5) × 4
3) 18 – 2 × 3 and (18 – 2) × 3
4) 30 – 6 ÷ 2 and (30 – 6) ÷ 2
5) 16 ÷ 4 + 4 and 16 ÷ (4 + 4)
6) 40 ÷ 8 + 2 and 40 ÷ (8 + 2)
7) 6×4+2 and 6 × (4 + 2)
Exercise 2 (give your answer correct to 1 decimal place in each case)

1) 0.34 × 0.54 2) 4.2 × 6.2 3) 15 × 3.67 4) 5.6 × 2.7
5) 45 ÷ 13 6) 12 ÷ 5 7) 17.6 ÷ 3.1 8) 85 ÷ 27
9) 3.542 + 5.46 10) 4.172 + 13.4 11) 8.32 − 19.7 12) 3.562 − 9.43
13) 4.112 + 5.39 14) 5.322 + 12.1 15) 6.72 − 23.4 16) 5.922 − 12.76
17) √35.41 − 3.62 18) √18.45 + 12.6 19) √23.7 − 3.5 20) √48.4 + 3.75
21) √43.12 − 4.75 22) √24.6 + 15.8 23) √37.1 − 5.21 24) √77.7 + 5.87
25) 3.54 + 4.26 − 3.87 26) 13.3 − 5.78 + 4.89 27) 8.88 + 4.32 − 6.853
28) 13.44 − 4.76 + 4.56 29) 22.3 + 5.99 + 3.66 30) 14.54 + 5.33 − 8.54
31) √45 − 5.36 + 2.452 32) 6.492 − √17.3 + 6.86 33) √78 + √23 − 2.352
34) √67 − 6.67 + 1.952 35) 7.772 + √22.1 − 5.87 36) √96 + 33 + 6.732
Exercise 3
Use your calculator to change these fractions into decimals. Give each answer correct
to 2 decimal places.
1 3 1 1 2 3 3 1
1) 4 + 2) + 3) + 4)
5 7 9 3 5 7+4
3 5 5 1 1 1 1 1
5) 8 + 7 6) 6 – 4 7) 12 – 21 8) 8 – 17
3 5 1 1 1 1 1 1
9) 7 + 8 10) 6 – 12 11) 13 – 33 12) 9 – 20
3 5 7 5
13) 11 – 23 14) 15 – 21 15) 314 + 232 16) 417 + 361
17) 523 + 115 18) 345 + 514 19) 2 83 + 5 75 20) 356 – 213
1 3
22) 518 – 313
3
23) 438 – 213
7 5 3
21) 412 – 316 24) 513 – 317
10. Types of Numbers
Exercise 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
From the list of numbers above, write down

1) The square of 5 2) The square root of 49
3) The largest prime number 4) A multiple of 9 greater than 40
5) An even prime number 6) All the factors of 48
7) All the cubic numbers 8) A square, even number
9) A number which has 8 and 3 as two of its factors.
10) A number which has exactly 3 factors.
Exercise 2
Fill in the spaces in each of the following statements. Use a word from this list each
time.
square root, square, prime, multiples, factors, prime, factors, not, cube root, cube,
square, even, square.
1) The ....... of 21 are 1,3,7 and 21.

2) The ...... of 11 is 121.
3) 15, 20, 25, and 30 are all ......... of 5.
4) 1, 4, 9, 16, 25 are ...... numbers.
5) 2 is both the smallest ..... number and the smallest .... number.
6) The ..... numbers between 30 and 40 are 31 and 37.
7) 64 is the ...... of 8 and the .... of 4.
8) The ...... .... of 49 is three less than the .... .... of 1000.
9) 16 and 32 are both ....... of 64.
10) 1 is ... a prime number.
Exercise 3
Without using a calculator, find the answer to each of these.
1) √64 2) 42 3) 53
4) 32 + 2 3 5) √49 − √16 6) √81 × √100
7) 32 × √36 8) √64 ÷ √16 9) 82 ÷ 4 2
10) 53 ÷ 5 2 11) 53 − 4 3 12) 112 − √144
Exercise 4
Each of the following statements are untrue. Explain why in each case.
1) 5 is a factor of 21. 2) 27 is a multiple of 17.
3) 44 is a prime number. 4) 60 is a square number.
5) 53 = 15. 6) The square root of 39 is 9.
7) There is only one prime number between 40 and 50.
8) 9 is both a square number and a prime number.
9) 1 is not a factor of 100.
10) All prime numbers are odd.
11. Personal and Household Finance
1) On a market stall, apples are sold at 8 for £1.12. On another stall the same apples
are sold at 12 for £1.92. Which stall is selling them cheapest?
2) David's bill at the grocery shop was
Cat food 98p 6 eggs 80p Margarine 62p Milk 77p
a) What was his total bill? b) What was his change from a £5 note?
3) Sarah goes to the post office to buy as many stamps as she can for £5. She buys
stamps costing 26p each. She uses a £5 note. How many does she buy and how
much money is left over?
4) Craig goes to a cafe with his mum, dad and sister. This is what they buy
2 cups of coffee at 63p each 4 sandwiches at 97p each 2 colas at 53p each.
a) What was their total bill? b) What was their change out of a £10 note?
5) A CD player costs £35 deposit and 12 monthly instalments of £7.45. What is its
total cost?
6) Karl gets £4.50 pocket money per week. He also does a paper round for which he
gets paid £9.50 per week. He saves all his money each week in order to buy a
camera. If the camera costs £150, for how many weeks will he have to save?
7) Shirts are sold at £9.50 each or 3 for £25. How much is saved by buying 3 shirts?
8) For her small business, Jill bought a computer for £599.95, a printer for £149.95
and a scanner for £199.95. What was her total bill?
9) Daniel's mum bought packets of balloons for his birthday party. They cost 49p a
packet. What is the most number of packets she could buy for £5? How much
change did she get?
10) Mrs Brown's electricity bill showed that she used 1328 units. The cost of her bill
was made up of a standing charge of £8.47 and the units at 7p each. What was her
total bill?
11) A TV costs £105 deposit and 20 weekly payments of £5.37. What is the total
cost?
12) CD's cost £2.99 each or 4 for £10. How much money is saved by buying 4?
13) Sarah is making a shelf for her bedroom. She needs 3 brackets costing 55p each, a
packet of screws for 95p and a piece of wood for £3.30. What is the total cost of
the shelf. What is her change from a £10 note?
14) Jack buys petrol for his car. It costs 67p per litre. If he buys £10 worth, how
many litres does he get?
15) A gas bill shows the following information
Present meter reading 0964
Previous meter reading 0872
Units used ........
Cost of each unit 41p
Cost of units used .........
Standing charge £8.12
Total cost of bill .........
Complete the bill by filling in the blanks.
16) Mr Brown's council tax bill for the year is £784.80. He pays in 12 equal monthly
instalments. How much per month will he pay?
17) Gail and her family go to town on the train. Tickets cost £3.35 single or £5.45
return for an adult and £1.95 single or £3.35 return for a child. There is one adult
and 3 children in the family. How much money is saved by buying return tickets?
18) David buys 21p stamps and 28p stamps from the post office, with a £5 note. If he
buys 14 stamps at 21p, how many stamps at 28p can he buy?
19) Cinema tickets normally cost £4.20, but are £2.80 before 5.00pm. How much is
saved if a group of 6 people go before 5.00pm?
12. Ratio and Proportion
Exercise 1
Divide each of the following into the ratios given.
1) £900 into the ratio 4:5 2) £1000 into the ratio 3:7
13) £120 into the ratio 7:3:2 14) £450 into the ratio 5:6:7
15) £550 into the ratio 5:8:9 16) £13.86 into the ratio 3:7:11
Exercise 2
1) Peter and Ann win £600 on the lottery. They decide to share it in the ratio 3:2.
How much will each receive?
2) A length of electric wire measuring 100 metres is cut into two pieces in the ratio
3:7. How long is each piece?
3) The ratio of squares shaded in to those not shaded
in is 1:2. How many more need to be shaded to
make the ratio 2:1?
4) Liam makes some chocolate buns. The recipe below will make 8 buns.
50 g of butter
150 ml of water
60g of flour
6 eggs
170g chocolate
a) Liam wants to make 12 buns. How much of each ingredient will he need?
b) Last week Liam's mum made 30 buns. How much of each ingredient did
she use?
5) An amount of money was shared between two brothers in the ratio 5:4. The first
brother got £200. a) How much did the second brother get? b) How much money
was there altogether?
6) In a school there are 950 pupils. The ratio of boys to girls is 13:12. How many
boys and how many girls are in the school?
7) A newsagent knows that for every 5 copies of a gardening magazine she sells she
also sells 8 copies of a TV magazine. If she sells 100 gardening magazines, how
many TV magazines does she sell?
8) The ratio of shaded squares to unshaded
squares in this diagram is 1:4. How many
more squares need to be shaded to make
the ratio 2:1?
9) 15 shortbread biscuits can be made from the following recipe

105g of butter
45g caster sugar
180g plain flour
Re-write the recipe for 25 biscuits.
10) An alloy is made of copper, tin and lead in the ratio 12:5:3.
Calculate how much of each metal is in 800g of the alloy.
11) Three friends buy 6 lottery tickets between them. Ann pays £3, Beverley pays £2
and Carol pays £1. They agree to share their winnings in the ratio of their stakes.
If they win £24,000 how much do they each get?
Exercise 1
Find the selling price for each of these.
Buying price
1) £100 17% profit
2) £200 21% profit
3) £150 20% profit
4) £2000 15% profit
5) £4200 32% profit
6) £200 712 % loss
7) £70 25% loss
8) £49,000 15% loss
9) £80 27% loss
10) £450 22% loss
Exercise 2
Find the percentage profit on each of the following, correct to the nearest whole
number.
Buying price Selling price

1) £100 £120
2) £50 £80
3) £60 £80
4) £1.50 £1.80
5) £2.80 £3.10
6) £1,500 £1,700
7) £45,000 £47,000
8) £42.50 £45.00
9) £900 £950
10) £2010 £2500
Exercise 3
Find the simple interest on each of the following. Wherever necessary give your
answer correct to the nearest penny.
1) £100 invested for 2 years at 2% interest per annum.
14. Tables
1) The timetable below shows when the bus leaves the Town Hall and arrives at
Apple Way.
Town Hall 0730 0800 0815 0830 0845 0900 Then every 30 1800 1900
minutes until
Apple Way 0752 0822 0837 0852 0907 0922 1822 1922
a) At what time does the 0815 from the Town Hall arrive at Apple Way?
b) At what time will the 0930 from the Town Hall arrive at Apple Way?
c) How long does the 1200 from the Town Hall take to get to Apple Way?
d) If the 1630 from the Town Hall is late by 16 minutes because of a traffic hold up,
at what time will it arrive at Apple Way?
2) The table shows the cost of a 1 week holiday in New York.
Accomodation 2 star 3 star 4 star 5 star
20 Mar-30 Apr 649 689 799 909
01 May-30 Jun 759 765 919 1029
01 Jul-31 Aug 839 899 1009 1119
01 Sep-31 Oct 769 819 929 1039
01 Nov-12 Dec 659 699 809 919
13 Dec-24 Dec 859 919 1029 1139
25 Dec-31 Dec 659 699 809 919
Calculate
a) The cost of a holiday for 1 person in a 5 star hotel leaving on 2nd July.
b) The cost of a holiday for 2 people in a 4 star hotel leaving on 2nd December.
c) The cost of a holiday for a family of four in a two star hotel, leaving on
17th August.
3) The table shows the evening programmes on television
6.00 Six O'clock News
6.30 Regional News
7.00 Holiday Show
7.30 Cartoon
7.40 The Music Programme
8.10 Film
9.50 Local News
10.00 Main Evening News
10.30 Antiques Show
11.00 Nature Programme
11.25 Late Night Show
a) How long does 'The Music Programme' last?
b) How long does the film last?
c) Claire has a 3 hour video tape. She records the film and the 'Antiques Show'. Will
she have enough space left on the tape to record the 'Nature Programme'?
4)
Cardiff 99
Edinburgh 289 373
Glasgow 290 370 45
London 113 154 386 403
Manchester 81 172 213 214 189
Newcastle 205 298 105 142 281 132
Swansea 125 45 380 381 192 183 314
B C E G L M N
The table shows the distances between some cities in Britain. The distance between
London and Cardiff is highlighted.
What is the distance between a) Swansea and Glasgow? b) Newcastle and London?
Which towns are closest to each other?

Exercise 1
In each of the following patterns write down the next two numbers
1) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10.... 2) 5, 7, 9, 11, 13.... 3) 7, 10, 13, 16, 19....
4) 5, 9, 13, 17, 21.... 5) 3, 8, 13, 18, 23.... 6) 3, 12, 21, 30, 39....
7) 3, 4, 6, 9, 13.... 8) 5, 5, 6, 8, 11... 9) 5, 7, 11, 17, 25....
10) 2, 3, 5, 8, 12.... 11) 20, 21, 23, 26, 30.... 12) 3, 5, 8, 12, 17....
13) 15, 13, 11, 9, 7.... 14) 20, 20, 19, 17, 14.... 15) 22, 19, 16, 13, 10....
16) 15, 13, 10, 6, 1.... 17) 7, 5, 3, 1, –1.... 18) 8, 8, 7, 5, 2....
19) 5, 2, –2, –7, –13.... 20) –1, –2, –4, –7, –11.... 21) –2, 1, 4, 7, 10....
Exercise 2
In each of the following patterns (a) write down the next number (b) explain in
words how you would find the eighth number.
1) 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 16.... 2) 0, 2, 5, 9, 14, 20.... 3) 1, 1, 2, 4, 7, 11....
4) 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8.... 5) 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64.... 6) 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16...
7) 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63.... 8) 1, 3, 9, 27, 81, 243.... 9) 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4,....
Exercise 3
In each of the following patterns (a) write down the next two numbers, (b) write
down in words the rule for finding the next number and (c) write down the rule for
finding the nth number in the pattern in terms of n.
1) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9.... 2) 2, 5, 8, 11, 14.... 3) 5, 9, 13, 17, 21....
4) 6, 12, 18, 24, 30.... 5) 7, 13, 19, 25, 31.... 6) 12, 17, 22, 27, 32....
7) 3, 5, 7, 9, 11.... 8) 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15.... 9) 11, 16, 21, 26, 31....
Exercise 4
1) The diagrams below show how some patterns have been made up with strips of
square tiles.
1 strip 2 strips 3 strips 4 strips

a) How many black tiles will there be in 5 strips?
b) Explain in words how the number of black tiles is changing each time.
c) Explain how the number of white tiles is changing each time.
2) The diagrams below show square 'holes' surrounded by centimetre squares.
Length of side 1 2 3
Number of squares 8 12 16
Find the number of squares needed for holes of side (a) 4cm (b) 5cm (c) n cm
(d) Calculate the number of squares needed for a hole of side 20cm.

1) A child places blocks on a floor making the pattern shown below. The first row
contains 1 block, the second 3 blocks, the third 5 and so on.
Row 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

How many blocks will be in (a) row 5 (b) row 6 (c) row n
(d) Calculate how many will be in row 40.
2) The diagram shows a number of rectangles where the length is 1 unit longer than
the width.
1 2
2 3
3 4
4
5
Rectangle number 1 2 3 4
Area of rectangle 2 6 12
Find the areas of (a) rectangle 4 (b) rectangle 5
(c) What do you add on to the area of rectangle 5 to get the area of rectangle 6?
3) A library shelving system is made from uprights and shelves as shown below.
1 upright 2 uprights 3 uprights

no shelves 5 shelves 10 shelves
How many shelves can be made from (a) 4 uprights (b) 5 uprights (c) n uprights.
(d) How many shelves are needed for 10 uprights.
4) Shapes are made from matchsticks as shown below.
1 layer 2 layers 3 layers

7 matches 12 matches 17 matches
Write down the number of matches needed for shapes with (a) 4 layers (b) 5 layers
(c) n layers
Calculate how many matches are needed for a shape with 12 layers.
17. Substitution
Exercise 1
1) Mark works every Saturday at the local supermarket. His wages are calculated
using the following formula.
Wages = Number of hours worked × £3.30
Calculate his wages if he works a) 8 hours b) 621 hours.
2) The cost of an electricity bill is calculated using the formula
Cost = £8.30 + Number of units used × 8 pence
Calculate the cost for a) 700 units b) 1150 units
3) The cost of hiring a wallpaper stripper is calculated using the following formula
C = 3n + 4 where n represents the number of days it is hired for, and C the cost
in pounds.
Calculate the cost of hiring it for a) 2 days b) 5 days.
If the cost is £16, how many days is it hired for?
4) A chicken needs to cook for 20 minutes plus 34 minutes for each kilogram it
weighs. Calculate the time needed to cook a chicken weighing
a) 2kg b) 1.5kg
Exercise 2
Calculate the following values given that a = 3, b = 4 and c = 5
1) a + b 2) a + c 3) c+b
4) c − b 5) b − a 6) c−a
7) a − b 8) a − c 9) b−c
10) 2a − b 11) 2a + b 12) 2c + 2b
13) 2c − 2b 14) 3a − 2c 15) 4a − 4c
16) 3a + 4b + 5 17) 5a − b + 3 18) a−b+7
19) a − b − c 20) 3a + 2b − 4c 21) 3a − 2b + 6
Exercise 3
Calculate the values of these expressions given that a = 1, b = –2 and c = 3
1) a + b 2) b + c 3) a − c
4) 2b + a 5) b + 3c 6) b − 2
7) 3a + 2b 8) 4a + b 9) − 7 + 2b
10) b + a + c 11) c + a + b 12) 3c + 2b
13) b − 6 + 2a 14) 3a + 2b + c 15) 5a + 5b − 7
16) b − a + c 17) c + b − a 18) 3b − a − c
19) 5a + 2b − 9 20) 4b + 2a − 7c 21) 2b − 3a + 9
Exercise 4
Calculate the value of each of these expressions given that x = 4, y = 5 and z = –2
1) 2(x + y) 2) 3(y − x) 3) 4(y + z)
4) 3(y + x) 5) x(y + 2) 6) y(5 + z)
7) y(x + z) 8) 2(x + y + z) 9) x(z + y)
10) x(y + z + 7) 11) y(z + x + 6) 12) 5(z + y − x)
18. Simplifying Expressions

Exercise 1
1) (i) The perimeter of this square 2) (i) The perimeter of this y
is 2x + 2x + 2x + 2x rectangle is 5 +y + 5 +y
Simplify it. 2x Simplify it.
(ii) The area of this square (ii) The area of this 5 5
is 2x × 2x 2x 2x shape is 5 × y
Simplify it. Simplify it.
2x y
3) Write down the perimeter of each of the shapes below in the simplest form.
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) y
x 3x
x x x
x x x x
x
x 3x y
x
y
4) Write down the areas of the shapes (i) and (ii) in question 3 in their simplest form.
Exercise 2 Simplify
1) 7 + 4 2) 10 − 5
3) 12 − 3 4) 8−9
5) 6 − 9 6) 7 − 10
7) − 4 + 8 8) −6+9
9) − 4 + 10 10) −5−3
11) − 7 − 4 12) −9−6
13) 4 − 3 + 2 14) 6 − 7 +1
15) 5 − 9 + 5 16) 6 − 10 − 2
17) − 4 + 6 − 3 18) −7+2+4
19) 8 − 15 + 3 20) −5−4+9
Exercise 3 Simplify
1) 3y + 8y 2) 5y + 3y
3) 9y − 6y 4) 12x − 4x
5) 16y − 18y 6) 27x − 19x
7) − 12y + 3y 8) − 23x + 17x
9) − 16a − 7a 10) − 14w − 5w
11) 12b + 3b + 2a + 3a 12) 9x + 7y + 3x + 6y
13) 4b + 5a + 3b + 3a 14) x + 6y + y + x
15) 6a − 2a + 3b + 4b 16) 12 p − 4 p + 3q + 7q
17) 12a + 3b − 4a − b 18) 5x + 7y − y − x
19) 16x + 8y − 10x − 9y 20) 21a + 3b − 17a − 2b
21) 6x + 3y − 8x − 6y 22) 12a + 9b − 6a − 12b
Exercise 4
Multiply out the brackets and simplify
1) 3( x + y ) 2) 6(3x + 4)
3) 4(2x − 3) 4) 6(3x + 2)
5) 3x + 2(2x + 5) 6) 7(3x − 4)
7) 5x + 4 (3x − 3) 8) 12x + 5(2x + 3)
9) 4y + 3(3x − 2y ) 10) 8x + 3(2x − 4y )
11) 3y + 2( 4x + y) 12) 9y + 4(6x − 2y)
19. Equations
Exercise 1
1) Claire thought of a number. She doubled it. If the answer was 20, what number was
she thinking of?
2) Sam thought of a number. He added 14 to it. If his answer was 20 what number
was he thinking of?
3) Beverley thought of a number. She doubled it then added 6. If her answer was 22,
what number did she think of?
4) Ben thought of a number. He halved it, then subtracted 5. If his answer was 5, what
number did he think of?
5) When a number is multiplied by 9 and then 3 subtracted, the answer is 24. What is
the number?
6) A number has 6 added to it. The result is doubled. If the answer is 18, what was
the number?
7) A number is multiplied by 2 and then 8 is subtracted. If the answer is –4, what was
the number?
Exercise 2
Find the value of the letter in each of the following equations
1) x + 4 = 6 2) x + 7 = 17 3) 7 + y = 19
4) x − 2 = 4 5) y − 7 = 11 6) a − 9 = 18
7) 6 − y = 4 8) 12 − x = 2 9) 19 − x = 5
10) 12a = 36 11) 6x = 42 12) 8y = 36
13) 7b = −35 14) 4y = −24 15) 4b = −10
16) 4a + 2 = 10 17) 9a + 6 = 33 18) 12x + 6 = 30
19) 7x − 3 = 18 20) 12x − 7 = 17 21) 6x − 7 = 35
22) 4y + 4 = 14 23) 3b + 2 = −4 24) 6y − 5 = −35
Exercise 3
1) x + 3 = 2x 2) 6x − 5 = 5x 3) 7x − 6 = 6x
4) 3x + 5 = 4x 5) 2x + 3 = 3x 6) 4x + 2 = 5x
7) 4x − 12 = 2x 8) 5x − 6 = 2x 9) 4x − 7 = 2x
10) 3x + 6 = 5x 11) 8x + 5 = 10x 12) 7x + 7 = 9x
13) 4x + 2 = 2x 14) 4x + 4 = −12 15) 3x − 2 = x + 6
16) x + 7 = 2x − 2 17) 6x − 12 = 3x + 12 18) 5x − 2 = 2x + 4
19) 4x + 9 = 2x + 15 20) 3x + 7 = 2x − 1 21) 4x + 3 = 2x − 3
Exercise 4
Find the value of the letter in each of the following equations
1) 2(x + 1) = 8 2) 3(x + 1) = 9 3) 5(x + 2) = 15
4) 4(x + 2) = 20 5) 7(x + 1) = 28 6) 6(x + 2) = 36
7) 2(x − 1) = 8 8) 3(x − 2) = 15 9) 5(x − 6) = 10
10) 4(x − 5) = 20 11) 5(x − 4) = 15 12) 2(x − 2) = 6
13) 2(2x + 3) = 10 14) 3(2x + 1) = 27 15) 4(3x + 1) = 40
16) 3(3x − 1) = 24 17) 2(5x − 6) = 8 18) 3(2x − 3) = 21
19) 2(x + 1) = 5x − 4 20) 3(x + 1) = x + 3 21) 3(x − 1) = 4x − 6
22) 3(2x − 2) = 4x − 2 23) 4(x − 3) = 2x − 2 24) 2(2x + 2) = 6x − 4
20. Forming Expressions
1) Andrew buys a bicycle. He pays a deposit of £d and then pays 12 equal monthly
amounts of £m.
a) How much does he pay for the bicycle?
b) If his mum gives him £10 towards it, how much will he pay?
2) Josh works for a local builder. He gets paid £h for each hour he works in the week
At weekends he is paid double the amount per hour.
a) How much is he paid if he works for 36 hours during the week?
b) How much is he paid for working 1 hour at the weekend?
c) how much is he paid for working 6 hours at the weekend?
d) How much is he paid for working 36 hours during the week plus 6 hours at the
weekend? Simplify your answer.
e) His friend Mark is paid £1 per hour more than him during the week.
How much is Mark paid for working 35 hours during the week?
3) Beths car will travel T miles on 1 litre of petrol around town. When it gets on the
motorway it will travel 2 miles more per litre.
a) How far will Beths car travel on 1 litre of petrol on the motorway?
Mandy's car will travel 1 mile further than Beths car on 1 litre of petrol in the town.
b) How far will Mandy's car travel on 1 litre of petrol in town?
c) On the motorway, Mandy's car travels twice as far as Beths on 1 litre of petrol.
How far does it travel on 1 litre of petrol on the motorway?
4) The Swift bus company have a formula for calculating their cost of hiring a bus.
The cost of hiring is £h plus £w for every hour it is hired.
a) What is the cost of hiring a bus for 8 hours?
The Swallow bus company charge £2 more than the Swift company for hiring it but
its hourly rate is £1 less.
b) What hiring charge does the Swallow company charge?
c) What is the hourly rate for the Swallow company?
d) What does the Swallow company charge for hiring the bus for 8 hours?
5) A telephone company charge their customers at a rate of r pence a call.
a) What is the cost in pence of 200 calls?
b) What is the cost in pounds of 200 calls?
The telephone bill of a second company is made up of £c plus p pence for every
call made.
c) What is the cost of a bill when no calls are made?
d) What is the cost of a bill when 100 calls are made?
e) What is the cost of a bill when 300 calls are made?
6) A glazing company replace broken windows. They charge their customers at a rate
of £C for being called out and £A for each square metre of glass they have to
replace.
a) What is the cost of replacing 8 square metres of glass?
b) During one week they are called out to the local nightclub twice, once to replace
8 square metres and once to replace 6 square metres. What is the total bill for the
week.
7) Kate, Lisa and Rachel save up some of their pocket money each week. Kate saves
£M, Lisa saves twice as much and Rachel saves £2 more than Kate.
a) Which of these statements is correct?
(i) Lisa saves the most.
(ii) Rachel saves the most.
(iii) Kate saves the least.
They decide to combine their money to go to town.
b) How much do they have altogether?
8) Jack has to plant young trees in straight rows. Each tree needs t metres of row and
each row needs an extra e metres.
a) How long is a row of 12 trees?
b) What is the total length of 2 rows?
Sumbooks1998 Foundation
21. Distance Time Diagrams (1)
1)
The diagram shows the journey of a lorry
D from home H to destination D.
200
a) What is the distance between H and D?
Distance b) For how long did the driver stop?
(miles) c) What was his average speed when travelling
100 slowest?
d) What was the average speed for the whole
journey?
H
0 1 2 3 4 5
Time taken (hours)
The diagram shows a distance time
2) 30 graph for two buses A and B,
travelling between towns F, G and H.
H
Distance Bus A travels from F to H and bus B
(miles) from H to F.
20 Find
a) the average speed of bus A between
G F and G in miles per hour.
b) the length of time bus A stops at G
10 c) the time at which bus B leaves H
d) the average speed of bus B in m.p.h.
e) the approximate time at which the
buses pass each other.
F f) the approximate distance from G at
8.00 8.30 9.00 which the buses pass
Time (Hrs and Minutes) g) the time at which bus B arrives at F.
3)
Town B Two towns ar e 120 miles apar t.
The gr aph shows the jour neys of
two tr ains.
100 The fir st goes fr om A to B.
Distance The second goes fr om B to A.
from 80 Fr om the gr aph find
Town A a) the speed of the fir st tr ain over
60 the fir st par t of its jour ney.
b) the time at which the fir st tr ain
40 stopped and for how long.
c) the speed of the tr ain dur ing the
second par t of its jour ney.
20 d) the aver age speed of the second
tr ain.
Town A e) the time and distance fr om
12:00 13:00 14:00 town A when the two tr ains
Time
passed each other.
22. Distance Time Diagrams (2)
1)
12
10
Distance 8
travelled
from home
(km) 6
10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 12:30 13:00 13:30 14:00

Time
The diagram shows a distance-time graph for a jogger.
The jogger stopped twice on her journey, once on the outward journey
and at the end of the outward journey.
a) For how long was the first stop?
b) What is the average speed on the part of the journey before the first stop?
c) How long did it take to travel the first 10km?
d) What is the average speed of the jogger on her homeward journey?
e) For how long did the jogger stop altogether?
f) At what time did she arrive home?
g) What part of the journey was fastest? Explain your answer.
2)
Two cars, A and B,
Y
travel between two
towns X and Y. 120 Car A
The distance time Distance
graph shows the (miles)
distance from town X. 80
Half of the journey is
along a motorway and
half is not. 40
a) How far apart are the Car B
two towns?
b) Calculate the speeds X
of car A over the 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00
two sections. Time
c) For how long did car B stop?
d) At what time, and how far from town X, are the two cars when they pass each other?
e) Approximately how far apart are the two cars at 06:00?
23. Co-ordinates
y
1) Write down the co-ordinates 10

of the corners of this square.
y 0
0 5 10 15 x
10
2) The diagram shows two sides
of a rectangle.
a) Write down the co-ordinates
5 of the corners shown.
b) What are the co-ordinates of
the fourth corner?
y
0
0 5 10 15 x
5
3) The diagram shows a rectangle.

Write down the co-ordinates
of its corners –5 0 5 x
y
–5
4) The diagram shows an octagon.

Write down the co-ordinates
0 5 x
–5 of its corners.
y
–5
5
5) The diagram shows two sides

of a rectangle. 0
–5 5 x
a) Copy and complete the diagram.
b) What are the co-ordinates of its
four corners?
–5
1) The graph can be used to convert pounds (£) into French francs. Use it to convert
a) £5.50 into French francs.
b) 28 French francs into pounds and pence.
60
50
40
French
francs
30
20
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Pounds (£)
2) The graph can be used to convert pounds (£) into US dollars ($). Use it to convert
a) £70 into Dollars
b) $60 into Pounds
150
100
Dollars
($)
50
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Pounds (£)

1) 1kg is approximately 2.2lbs. Calculate what 40 kg is in pounds.
From this information draw a conversion graph to convert kg into pounds.
Use a horizontal scale of 4cm to 10kg and a vertical scale of 4 cm to 20lbs.
Plot 0kg = 0lb and the value for 40kg and join up the two points for your graph.
From your graph convert
a) 23kg into pounds
b) 75 pounds into kg
2) It is known that 1 gallon is approximately equal to 4.5 litres.

Use this information to change 10 gallons into litres.
Plot a graph to convert gallons into litres. Use a scale of 2cm to represent 2 gallons
on the horizontal axis and 2cm to represent 5 litres on the vertical axis.
Plot 0 gallons = 0 litres and the value for 10 gallons and join up the two points for
your graph
From your graph a) convert 11 gallons into litres
b) convert 32 litres into gallons
In each case give your answer correct to 1 decimal place.
3) The table below shows the cost of gas. There is a fixed charge of £10.00.
Cost £10.00 £25.00 £85.00 £160.00

Units used 0 1,000 5,000 10,000
Use this information to plot a conversion graph with a scale of 2cm to represent
2000 units on the horizontal scale and 2cm to represent £20 on the vertical scale.
From your graph find
a) The cost of 5,200 units
b) The number of units that can be bought for £145.00.
4) David has to make pastry but his scales measure in ounces and the recipe uses
grammes. He has a tin of beans which say on the label that 15 ounces is equivalent
to 425 grammes. Using a scale of 2cm to represent 2oz on the horizontal axis and
2cm to represent 50 grammes on the vertical axis, draw a line to show the
relationship between ounces and grammes.
From the graph convert the following to the nearest half ounce, so that David can
use his scales
a) 85g of butter
b) 200g of flour
When he has mixed all the ingredients together he weighs out 13 ounces of
pastry.
c) What is this weight in grammes?
5) Paul is going to Italy for his holiday so he needs to change some pounds into Italian
lira. He has a conversion chart which gives him the following information.
Pounds 10 20 30 40 50
Lira 27,000 54,000 81,000 108,000 135,000
Plot a graph to convert pounds into lira, using the scale 4cm to represent £10 on the
vertical axis and 2cm to represent 20,000 lira on the horizontal axis.
a) Paul changes £45 into lira to take on holiday. From your graph determine how
many lira this is.
b) At the end of his holiday he brings back 40,000 lira. Change this into pounds.
26. Plotting Graphs

1) The table shows some of the values of x and y for the equation y = x+3.
x 1 2 3 4 5
y 4 6
Complete the table
a) Plot the graph of y = x+3. Use the scales of 2cm for 1 unit on the y axis and 2cm
for 1 unit on the x axis.
b) Plot the points A(3,2) and B(5,4). Draw the line AB. What can you say about the
line AB and the line y = x+3?
2) The line y = x2 + 2 can be plotted from the points given in the following table
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 3 6 11 18 27 38
a) Plot the graph of y = x2+2. Use the scale of 2cm to represent 1 unit on the x axis
and 2cm to represent 5 units on the y axis.
b) From the graph estimate the value of y when x = 4.5
1
3) Complete the table of values for the equation y = 2 x.
x 2 4 6 8 10
y 1 3
a) Plot the graph of y = 12 x. Use the scales of 2cm to represent 2 units on the x axis
and 2cm to represent 1 unit on the y axis.
b) Plot the points A(2,5) and B(6,3) and join them with a straight line.
c) Complete this statement: "Line AB is ..... to the line y = 12 x".
4) Complete the table of values for the equation y = 21x + 2

x 0 2 4 6 8 10
y 3 5
a) Plot the graph of y = 12 x + 2. Use the scales of 2cm to represent 2 units on the x axis
b) On the same axes, plot the graph of y = 12 x.
c) Complete this statement: "The line y = 21x + 2 is ...... to the line y = 12 x".
5) Complete the table of values for the equation y = 3x + 1.

x –2 –1 0 1 2
y 4
a) Plot the graph of y = 3x + 1. Use the scales of 4cm to represent 1 unit on the x axis
b) From your graph, estimate the value of x when y = 3.
6) Complete the table of values for the equation y = x2 .

x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
y 9 1
a) Plot the graph of y = x2. Use the scale of 2cm to represent 1 unit on the x axis and
2cm to represent 1 unit on the y axis.
b) On the same axes, draw the graph of y = x+2.
c) What are the co-ordinates of the points of intersection of the two graphs?
1) A farmer buys some cows and sheep. Cows cost £300 each and sheep cost
£50 each. She buys 7 animals altogether. She spends £1100. Use a trial and
improvement method to calculate how many of each animal she buys.
2) An antiques dealer buys some tables and chairs. Tables cost £150 each and chairs
cost £40 each. She buys 15 items of furniture at a cost of £930. Use a trial and
improvement method to calculate how many chairs were purchased.
3) Harry buys some stamps costing 26p each and some costing 20p each. He spends
£1.18 and buys 5 stamps. Use a trial and improvement method to calculate how
many of each he buys.
4) Laura buys some stamps costing 30p each and some costing 25p each. She spends
£4.75 and buys 17 stamps. Use a trial and improvement method to calculate how
many of each she buys.
5) Pencils cost 15p each and pens cost 10p each. Karen buys 11 items at a total cost of
£1.30. Use a trial and improvement method to calculate how many of each she
buys.
6) Pencils cost 12p each and pens cost 14p each. James buys 16 items at a total cost
of £2.10. Use a trial and improvement method to calculate how many of each he
buys.
7) Buttons are sold on cards of four or six. John bought
62 buttons on 13 cards. Use a trial and improvement
method to calculate how many of each card he bought.
8) Shirt buttons are sold on cards of 5 and 12. Sarah buys 83 buttons on 11 cards. Use
a trial and improvement method to determine how many of each type of card she
buys.
9) A square has an area of 69 cm 2. Use a trial and improvement method
to calculate the length of one side, correct to the nearest millimetre.
10) Another square has an area of 84 cm 2 . Use a trial and improvement method to
calculate the length of one side, correct to the nearest millimetre.
11) A rectangle has an area of 50 cm2 . If the length is 2cm
x
longer than the width, calculate its width, correct to the
nearest millimetre. x+2
12) Another rectangle has an area of 37 cm2. The length is 3 cm longer than the width.
Use a trial and improvement method to calculate the length of the rectangle,
correct to the nearest millimetre.
28. Bearings
Exercise 1
Draw diagrams to show the following bearings.
1) A is N 40° E (040°) from B
2) C is N 35° W (325°) from D
3) G is S 27° E (153°) from H
4) J is S 52° W (232°) from K
5) L is N 43° W (317°) from M
6) P is S 28° W (208°) from Q
Exercise 2
By measuring the angles, write down the bearing of point P from point A in each case.
P
P 2) A
1) 3)
N N
P
S
A
A
Exercise 3
1) The picture shows a diagram of four towns, A, B, C and D. By measuring, what is
the bearing and distance of (a) A from B, (b) C from D, (c) D from A.
N A
. .B
W E
S
D .
Scale 1cm represents 10km .C
2) A ship sails from a port P on a bearing of N 35° E (035°) for 6km until it reaches
point X. It then changes course onto a bearing of S 48° E (132°) for a distance of
8km until it reaches point Y. Draw the ship's path accurately using a scale of 1cm
to 1km. What is the bearing and distance of point Y from the port P?
3) An aeroplane flies from airport A on a bearing of S 22° W (202°) for 75km until it
reaches point B. It then changes course onto a bearing of S 42°W (222°) for a
distance of 80km until it reaches point C. Draw the aircraft's path accurately using
a scale of 1cm to 10km. What is the bearing and distance of point C from the
airport A?
1) Which of these shapes represent the net of a cuboid?

a) b) c)
d) e) f)
2) The diagram shows part of a cuboid. 3) The diagram shows a cuboid.

Complete it on isometric paper. It measures 4cm by 4cm by 3cm.
. . . . Draw its net.
.
. . . . .
. . . . .
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. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
5) The diagram shows part of a square

4) This is part of the net of a triangular based pyramid. Complete it on
pyramid. Complete it on isometric paper. isometric paper.
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
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. . . . .
1) Draw the net of a cube whose sides are 4cm.
2) Draw the net of this cuboid.

Also draw, on triangular dotty paper or isometric 2cm
paper, a cuboid whose volume is the same
as this one.
6cm
4cm
6cm
3) The diagram below shows part of the net of a triangular prism.
Copy and complete the diagram. 4cm
On triangular dotty or isometric paper,
draw a diagram of the shape.
5cm
4) Draw the net of this triangular prism.

3cm
5cm 6cm
5) The diagram on the right shows part of the net of a square based
pyramid. Copy and complete the diagram. On triangular dotty 3cm
or isometric paper, sketch a diagram of the shape.
5cm
6) The diagram shows a square based pyramid.

Its base edges measure 3cm and its sloping
edges are 6cm. Draw the net of the shape.
7) The diagram shows part of the net of a rectangular based 5cm

pyramid. Copy and complete the diagram.
3cm
On triangular dotty or isometric paper, sketch a 5cm
diagram of the shape.
5cm
8) The diagram shows a rectangular based pyramid.

Its base edges measure 2.5cm and 4cm and its
sloping edges are each 5cm.
Draw the net of the shape.
31. Reflection Symmetry
1) Which of these designs have one or more lines of symmetry?

a) b) c) d) e)
f) g) h) i) j)
2) Reflect this shape about the line AB. 3) Reflect this shape about the mirror line.
A Mirror line
B
4) In which positions do the four tiles
have to be placed in order to make
the dark tiles symmetrical?
5) The diagram is reflected in

the line AB and then in the
line XY. Draw the result.
b c d e f g
a h A
y j i
x
w k
v p l
u t r q n m X Y
s
B
32. Reflection
y
1) Reflect the triangle about 10
the y axis. What are the
co-ordinates of the new shape? 8
6
4
2
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 x
2) Reflect the shape about

10
the line x=2. What are the
6
4
2
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 x
3) Reflect the rhombus about 10

the line x= –1. What are the
6
4
2
4) Reflect the triangle about
the x axis. What are the x
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
co-ordinates of the new shape?
y y
5) Reflect the
8 8
parallelogram
6 about the line 6
y=2.
4 4
What are the
2 co-ordinates 2
of the new
0 shape? 0
2 4 6 8 10 x 2 4 6 8 10 x
–2 –2
–4 –4
–6 –6
–8 –8
33. Angles
Calculate the sizes of the unknown angles in each of the following diagrams.
1) 2)
o
x 59
x o
39
3)
4)
o
55
z 38 o
x o y
85 x
y
5) 6)
o x
o 69 o
47 77
y x
y z
7) 8)
x o y
o 79
84
o
y x 144 z
z o
71
9) 10)
x
o
x 133
o
120
y o y
25
z
34. Triangles
Calculate the sizes of the unknown angles in each of the following diagrams.
1) 2)
y
x
o o o
30 x
55 20
3) x 4) o
50 x
o
120
y
o o
y 120
50
y
6)
5) o
87
o
135 x z y o
63 x
7) 8)
y x y o
o 153
50
x o z
141
o
71
z
10)
9)
z y
y
o
43
x
x
Make sketches of each of the following regular polygons.

1) A Pentagon
2) A Hexagon
3) A Heptagon
4) An Octagon
5)
B
z
ABCDE is a regular pentagon.
A C O is its centre.
y
O x a) What can you say about the lines OA, OB, OC, OD, OE?
b) What is the size of angle x?
c) Calculate the sizes of angles y and z.
E D
6) A B
y z
H C
x ABCDEFGH is a regular octagon.
a) What is the size of angle x?
b) What is the size of angles y and z?
G D c) What is the size of angle ABC?
d) What is the size of the exterior angle DEJ?
F E J
A
7)
w
G B
x
v
y C ABCDEFG is a regular heptagon.
F
Three lines of symmetry are shown.
a) What the size of angle x?
b) Calculate the size of angle w.
E D c) Write down the size of angle y.
d) What is the size of the exterior angle v?
8) What is the order of rotational symmetry of a regular octagon?

9) Explain why a regular pentagon will not tessellate and a regular hexagon will.
10) How many lines of symmetry has a regular nonagon?
36. Quadrilaterals
1) Draw sketches of each of the following quadrilaterals.

In each case show any lines of symmetry they may have.
a) Square b) Rectangle c) Rhombus
d) Parallelogram e) Trapezium
2) What are the sizes of the angles x and y in this parallelogram?
o
53 x
3) What are the sizes of the angles

y
x and y in this rhombus?
o
34 x
o
4) Calculate the size of the unknown o
97
angle in this quadrilateral. 58
o
x 63
o o o
5) A quadrilateral has internal angles of 90 , 100 and 105 . What is the
size of the fourth angle?
x
6) What is the size of the angle x?
o
60
A B
7) z
y The diagram shows a square ABCD.
O O is the point where the diagonals cross.
x a) Name three triangles which are congruent to triangle BOC.
b) What are the sizes of angles x, y and z?
D C
8)
A The diagram shows a rectangle ABCD.
B
z O is the point where the diagonals cross.
y a) What special name is given to triangle BOC?
O x b) Which triangle is congruent to triangle BOC?
o
132 c) Name two other triangles which are congruent
to each other.
D C d) Calculate the sizes of angles x, y and z.
37. Shapes
Each of the diagr ams below can be descr ibed by one of the given names.
Link a shape with a name in each case.
Square, Rectangle, Parallelogram, Octagon, Trapezium, Triangle,
Triangular prism, Cube, Quadrilateral, Pyramid, Cuboid, Kite,
Hexagon, Cylinder, Circle, Cone, Pentagon.
a) b) c)
d) e) f)
g) h) i)
j) k) l)
n) o)
p) q) r)
38. Enlargements
1) Enlarge this shape using a scale factor 2) Enlarge shape E using a scale factor
of 3. Line AB is shown enlarged. of 2. Line AB represents one side of
the new shape.
A
B A
E
A B
3) Enlarge this shape with a scale factor of 3.
4) Enlarge this shape with a scale factor of 2
5) Enlar ge this shape with a scale 6) Enlarge this shape with a scale
factor of 3. factor of 2.
. . . . .
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. . . . .
39. Scale Drawings
1) Draw this triangle accurately. 2) Dr aw this quadr ilater al accur ately.

What is the length of AB? What is the length of AB?
A A
B
5.5cm
4.5cm
o o o o
60 35 65 80
C B D C
8.5cm 7.5cm
3) The following diagram shows a sketch of a field. Draw a scale drawing of the field
using the scale of 1cm to represent 10 metres. What is the approximate length of the
side AB to the nearest metre? B
60m
40m
o o
95 65
D C
100m
4) The diagr am shows a sketch of a gar den.
At one end is a house. Two fences ar e at r ight angles to the house.
Using a scale of 1cm to r epr esent 2 metr es, dr aw an accur ate plan of the gar den.
What is the length of the fence DE?
A 14m B
o
47
16m House
o
54
D C
20m
5) Draw accurately a rectangle measuring 9cm by 6cm. o

6) Draw accurately a parallelogram measuring 9cm by 6cm with one internal angle of 60
7) Make a scale drawing of an equilateral triangle with sides of 1 metre. Use a scale of
1mm to represent 1cm.
40. Rotational Symmetry

1) Each of the following shapes has r otational symmetr y.
What is the or der of their symmetr y?
a) b) c) d)
e) f) g)
h) i) j) k) l)
m) n) p) q)
2) Which of these letters have rotational symmetry?
ACD I M NSTUV W X YZ
o
3) Rotate each of the following designs 90 clockwise about the point P.
Sketch the result. The first has been done for you.
d)
a) b)
. c)
.
P
.
P
P
P
.
P
.
e)
.
f)
P
.Z g)
X h)
.
P
i)
.
P
P
41. Rotation
o
y
1) Rotate the triangle 180
3
about (0,0). What are the
co-ordinates of the new 2
triangle?
1
x
–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4
–1
–2
–3
y
o
2) Rotate the triangle 90 clockwise
10
about (0,0). What are the
co-ordinates of the new triangle? 8
6
4
2
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 x
o
3) Rotate the rectangle 90 10
anticlockwise about the
point (0,0). What are the 8
co-ordinates of the new rectangle?
6
4
2
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 x
4) Describe fully the transformation

10
which maps shape A onto shape B.
A 8
6 B
4
2
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 x
1) The triangle is translated 8 units to 10

the right. Draw the new shape.
What are the co-ordinates of the 8
new shape? 6
4
2
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 x
2) The parallelogram is translated 8

10
units to the left. Draw the new
shape. What are the co-ordinates 8
of the new shape?
6
4
2
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 x
3) The trapezium is translated 7 4) The pentagon is tr anslated 10

units down the page. Draw units up the page. Dr aw the new
the new shape. What are the shape. What ar e the co-or dinates
co-ordinates of the new shape? of the new shape?
y y
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
0 0
2 4 6 8 10 x 2 4 6 8 10 x
–2 –2
–4 –4
–6 –6
–8 –8
y
1) The diagram shows a 4
triangle A,B,C.
Copy this diagram.
a) Translate the shape 6 2
units in the x direction.
b) Translate the new shape
4 units in the y direction.
c) What are the co-ordinates x
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
of the final shape?
A
-2
B C
-4
y
4
2) The diagram shows a
square A,B,C,D. A B
Copy this diagram.
a) Translate the shape 6 2
units in the x direction.
b) Translate the new shape D C
–5 units in the y direction.
c) What are the co-ordinates -6 x
-4 -2 0 2 4 6
of the final shape?
-2
-4
y
3) The diagr am shows a 4
quadr ilater al A,B,C,D. D C
Copy this diagr am.
a) Tr anslate the shape –6 2
units in the x dir ection.
b) Tr anslate the new shape A B
–4 units in the y dir ection.
c) What ar e the co-or dinates -6 x
-4 -2 0 2 4 6
of the final shape?
-2
-4
44. Tessellations
1) On the appr opr iate spotty paper, tessellate each of these shapes six mor e times
.
a)
. . . . . . . . . b)
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
. . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
c) . . . . .
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. . . . .
. . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . d)
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
o o
2) The interior angle of a square is 90 . The interior angle of a regular octagon is145 .
Explain why squares tessellate but regular octagons do not.
3) The diagrams show how regular octagons, pentagons and heptagons tessellate. What
are the names of the spaces left between them?
a) b) c)
45. Planes of Symmetry

. . . . .
. . . . .
1) The diagr am shows a plane cut thr ough . . . .
a cuboid. Is it a plane of symmetr y? . . . . .
How many planes of symmetr y has . . . . .
a cuboid got? . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
2) How many planes of symmetry has . . . . .
a cube got? . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
3) How many planes of symmetr y have these shapes got?
a) b) . . .
. . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . . .
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. . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
4) Which of the following diagrams represent planes of symmetry of the two shapes
in question 3?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. . .
. . . A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . B. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F . . .
. . . E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46. Volume
1) This cube measures 3cm by 3cm 2) What is the volume of this shape?
by 3cm. What is its volume?
3) What is the volume of this shape
4) What is the volume of a cuboid

measuring 2cm by 3cm by 5cm?
3cm
5) A box measures 8cm by 6cm by 4cm.
How many 2cm cubes will fit inside it?
6) A cuboid measur es 6cm by 6cm

by 4cm. Sketch another cuboid
6cm
4cm which has the same volume.
7) The container in the diagram measures 4cm by 4cm by 12cm. It is completely filled with
water. The base of the second container measures 8cm by 6cm.
The water from the first container is poured into the second
container. How far up the sides of the second container does
the water rise?
12cm
8cm
4cm 4cm 6cm
47. Using Measurements
1) What is the length of this pencil a) in millimetres, b) in centimetres and millimetres,

c) in decimal centimetres?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
2) What is the length of this pencil a) in millimetres, b) in centimetres and millimetres,

c) in decimal centimetres?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
3) What are the approximate lengths, in inches, of the pencils in questions 1 and 2?
4) a) How much liquid is in this jug (i) in millilitres, (ii) as a decimal of a litre?
b) Is this more or less than 1 pint?
1L
500
5) Colin and his dad weighed themselves on the bathroom scales. These were the
results.
60 70 80 80 90 100
Colin's weight Colin's dad's weight

a) Which unit of measure is used? b) What was Colin's weight? c) What was
Colin's dad's weight? d) What was their difference in weight? e) Approximately
how many pounds does each of them weigh? f) If there are 14 pounds in one
stone, what is each of their approximate weights in stones and pounds?
6) The distance from Sarah's home to the centre of London is 56 miles. What is the
approximate distance in kilometres?
7) Peter's height is 176 centimetres. What is his approximate height in feet and
inches?
8) A water tank contains 100 litres of water. What is it's approximate capacity in
gallons?
9) David buys 3 pints of milk and 2kg of carrots from the local shop. Meanwhile his
mum buys 2 litres of milk and 4 pounds of carrots from the supermarket. Who
buys the most of each item? Show all your workings out.
48. Circumference of a Circle.
In each of the following questions use π = 3.14 or use the π button on your calculator.
Exercise 1
Calculate the circumference of each of the following circles
1) Radius 4cm 2) Radius 6cm 3) Radius 10cm
4) Radius 18 metres 5) Radius 8 metres 6) Radius 7 metres
7) Diameter 12cm 8) Diameter 16cm 9) Diameter 24cm
10) Diameter 2.3m 11) Diameter 17m 12) Diameter 23m
Exercise 2
Calculate the diameters of circles with the following circumferences (correct to 4
significant figures);
1) 20 cms 2) 105 cms 3) 2.3 metres
4) 15 metres 5) 256 cms 6) 176 metres
Exercise 3
1) .
A bicycle wheel has a diameter of
70cm. a) What is its circumference?
b) How far will the bicycle travel if
70cm the wheel turns 20 times?
2)
The diagram shows a fairground wheel.
Its diameter is 10 metres. Calculate
a) the distance travelled by one of the
chairs in one complete revolution.
b) the distance travelled by one chair
when the wheel rotates 20 times.
3) A hose pipe is stored by winding it around a drum of diameter

70 cms. If it makes 12 turns, how long is the hose correct to
Drum the nearest metre?
Hose
4) A car wheel has a diameter of 50 cm. How far will the car travel if the wheel turns
5 times?
5) If the same car wheel turns 500 times, find the distance travelled correct to the
nearest metre.
6) A car has a wheel diameter of 55 cms. How many revolutions does it make while
travelling a distance of 1 kilometre? (give your answer correct to the nearest whole
number)
7) A length of cotton measuring 2 metres is wound around a cotton reel of diameter
3cms. How many turns does it make? (correct to the nearest turn)
49. Areas and Perimeters
1) What is the area and perimeter of each 2)Which of these shapes has the larger area?
of these shapes?
B C D
A
A B
E F G H
3) By counting squares, estimate the area 4) Calculate the perimeter and area of this shape.
of this shape. 4m
1m 1m 6m
2m
2m
4m
3m
8m
5) The diagram shows part of a conservatory 6) What is the area of each of these
floor. It is to be covered with square tiles triangles?
measuring 20cm by 20cm. a) How many
a)
tiles are needed?
It is to be surrounded with thin lengths of 18cm
tile each 20cm long.
b) What is the perimeter of the conservatory?
c) How many lengths of tile will be needed? 24cm
6m
b)
180cm 180cm 14cm
60cm
240cm
12cm
7) What is the area of a triangle with a base of c) 18cm

10cm and a height of 12cm?
8cm
50. Time
1) The diagrams below show the start and finish times for some TV programmes.
Calculate how long the programmes last.
a) Start Finish b) Start Finish

11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1
10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2
9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3
8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4
7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5
6 6 6 6
c) Start Finish d) Start Finish
11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1
10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2
9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3
8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4
7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5
6 6 6 6
2) The following diagrams show the start and finishing times of rail journeys.
Calculate how long the journeys take.
a) Start Finish b) Start Finish c) Start Finish

12:00 15:45 05:50 09:56 08:34 10:27
d) Start Finish e) Start Finish f) Start Finish

18:45 21:34 23:50 02:54 22:34 05:22
3) A TV programme begins at 3:30. It lasts for 2 hours 20 minutes. At what time does
it end?
4) A train leaves a station at 11:45am and travels for 2 hours 45 minutes. At what time
does it arrive at its destination?
5) Sarah goes to the football match on Saturday afternoon. She leaves home at 11:35am
and arrives back home at 6:15pm. How long is she away from home?
6) An aeroplane leaves Manchester at 15:53 and arrives at London Heathrow at 17:06
a) What would these times be on the 12 hour clock?
b) How long is the journey from Manchester to Heathrow?
7) Joe leaves home at 08:05 and takes 32 minutes to get to school. His sister, Hannah,
leaves home at 07:51 and takes 39 minutes to get there. Who arrives at school first?
8) A car leaves Paris at 06:45 to travel to Marseilles. It arrives at Marseilles 9 hours
27 minutes later.
a) What time does it arrive in Marseilles?
b) If the driver stopped on the way for 53 minutes, what was her total driving time?
9) A ferry leaves port at 22:43 on Tuesday. It arrives at its destination at 06:05 on
Wednesday morning. How long did the journey take?
51. Plans
1) The diagram shows a
plan of a kitchen. The
scale of the plan is 1:50.
a) What does 1cm on the Sink Cooker
diagram represent?
b) Measure the length and
width of the diagram.
Write them down. Back
c) What is the actual Door
length and width of the
room? Dining
d) What is the actual Table room
length and width of the door
table?
2) Plans of a garage are made to the scale of 1:20.

Copy and complete the table below .
Garage Plan
Length 8metres
Width 20cm
Height 2.5m
Number of windows 2
3) The diagram shows a lamp. Its actual height is 30cm.

a) Measure its height.
b) What is the scale of the drawing?
c) What is the actual height of the lamp shade?
4) The diagram below shows a scale drawing of a paper clip. The actual clip is
approximately 32.5mm long.
a) Measure the length of the diagram and write down its scale in the form ?:1.
b) What is the width of the actual clip?
5) An engineer makes a scale drawing of a computer chip. The scale is 5:1 (i.e the
drawing is bigger than the chip)
Copy and complete the table below .
Chip Drawing
Length 6cm
Width 10cm
Thickness 2mm
Number of sides 4
52. Speed
1) The distance between two towns is 100 miles. It takes 2 hours to travel between
the towns. What is the average speed?
2) The distance between two towns is 96 miles. Neil takes 3 hours to get from one
town to the other. What is his average speed?
3) The distance between two towns is 200 kilometres. A car takes 5 hours to travel
between the towns. What is its average speed?
4) The distance between Newcastle and Edinburgh is 105 miles. A car takes 4 hours
to travel between the towns. What is its average speed?
1
5) The distance between London and Swansea is 190 miles. A train takes 22 hours
to travel between the towns. a) How far does it travel each half hour? b) What is
its average speed?
6) The distance between two towns is 135 kilometres. It takes 421 hours to travel
between the towns. a) How far is travelled in each half hour? b) What is the
average speed?
7) The distance between two towns is 10 kilometres. It takes 15 minutes to travel
between the towns. What is the average speed?
8) The distance between two towns is 25 miles. It takes 30 minutes to travel
between the towns. What is the average speed?
9) The distance between two towns is 90 kilometres. It takes 1 hour 30 minutes to
travel between the towns. What is the average speed?
10) A car travels at an average speed of 30 miles per hour. It takes 2 hours to travel
between two towns. How far apart are they?
11) A car travels at an average speed of 25 miles per hour. It takes 3 hours to travel
between two towns. How far apart are they?
12) A car travels at an average speed of 50 kilometres per hour. It takes 212 hours to
travel between two towns. How far apart are they?
13) A train travels at an average speed of 50 kilometres per hour. It takes 121 hours
to travel between two towns. How far apart are they?
14) A car travels at an average speed of 36 miles per hour. It takes 321 hours to
travel between two towns. How far apart are they?
15) Two towns are 80 km apart. If a train travels at an average speed of 40 kilometres
per hour, how long does it take to make the journey?
16) Two towns are 60 km apart. A train travels at an average speed of 40 kilometres
per hour between them. How long does it take to make the journey?
17) Manchester and Cardiff are 170 miles apart. A train travels at an average speed
of 68 miles per hour between them. Jane leaves Manchester at 12:50. At what
time will she arrive in Cardiff?
18) Two towns are 20 miles apart. A train leaves the first town at 10:15am. It travels
to the other town at an average speed of 60 miles per hour. At what time will it
arrive?
19) Two towns are 100 kilometres apart. A train travels between them at an average
speed of 80 kilometers per hour. If it starts its journey at 11:30pm, at what time
will it arrive at the second town?
53. Best Buys
1) Chris sells running socks on his market stall in packs of 3 for £1.71. He sees that the
local supermarket sells the same socks in packs of 5 for £3.05. Who sells the cheaper socks?
2) Cassette tapes are sold in packs of three for £1.47 at the corner shop. In the supermarket
they are sold in packs of 8 for £3.76. Showing all working, calculate which gives the best
value for money.
3)
2 litres 1 litre 500ml

95p 45p 30p
Which of these three bottles of cola is

the best value for money. Show all
your calculations?
4) Which of these tins of soup gives the 5) Which of these two cartons of orange juice
best value for money? gives the best value
for money
300 grammes 700 grammes

27p 54p 450ml 1 Litre
35p 60p
6) Toothpaste costs 90p for a 75ml tube or £1.20 for a 125ml tube.
Showing all working, calculate the best buy.
7) Shampoo costs 60p for a 250ml bottle or £1.10 for a 500ml bottle.
8) Baked beans cost 22p for a 250g tin or 34p for a 450g tin.
9) Paint costs £2.55 for a 1 litre tin or £9.05 for a 4 litre tin.
10) Oil paint is sold in 2 different sizes. A 75ml tube costs £1.20 and a 200ml tube costs £3.10.
54. Pictograms
1) The diagram represents the method by which year 7 get to school. From the
diagram determine
a) The total number of pupils in the year.
b) The number of pupils who travel by bus.
c) The number of pupils who travel by train.
..
Represents 5 pupils Frequency
.. ..
Walk 10
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bus
.. .. .. ..
Car
.. .. .. .. .. ..
Bicycle
.. .. ..
Train
..
Other
2) The pictogram shows the number of cars travelling past Sarah's home between
7:00am and 1:00pm
Time Represents 60 cars Frequency
7:00-8:00 210
8:00-9:00
9:00-10:00
10:00-11:00
11:00-12:00
12:00-1:00
a) How many cars does stand for?

b) How many cars does stand for?
c) How many cars does stand for?
d) How many cars went past between 9:00am and 1:00pm?
3) A survey was carried out to determine which of five sports was the most popular.
100 people were asked which of the sports they liked best. Here are the results.
Badminton Squash Netball Rounders Hockey
20 10 20 15 35
..
Draw a pictogram to show this data using to represent 5 people.
55. Areas of Circles
In each of the following questions use π = 3.14 or use the π button on your calculator.
1) Calculate the areas of the following circles.

a) b) c) d)
8mm
3cms
16mm
3cms
e) f)
1.5cms
2cms
2) Calculate the areas of each of the following circles.

a) 10cm diameter b) 6cm diameter c) 5cm diameter
d) 12cm radius e) 9cm radius f) 7.5cm radius
g) 4.6cm diameter h) 4.3cm radius i) 8.4cm diameter
3) A compact disc has a diameter of 12cms and a

hole in the centre of diameter 1.5cm.
Calculate
a) The area of the big circle.
b) The area of the hole in the middle.
c) The area of plastic making up the disc.
4) Which has the larger area, a circle of diameter

3cm or a square of side 2.5cm?
5) The diagram shows a circular garden with a path around

it.
The diameter of the garden is 8 metres. The diameter of
the garden and path is 10 metres. Calculate
a) The area of the garden
b) The area of the garden and path
c) The area of the path only.

1) Two dice are thrown together and their values added. Copy and complete the table
below to show their sums.
Second dice
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5
First 3 4 5
dice 4 5
5
6
2) Five cards have the letters A, B, C, D, E on them.
A B C D E
Two cards are taken at random and their letters recorded. Copy and
complete this list of results.
(A,B) (A,C) (A,D) (A,E) (B,C)....
3) The diagram shows two spinners, one numbered 1 to 4, the other 1 to 3. The
outcome 1+2=3 is shown. Make a table, as in question 1, to show all the possible
outcomes.
3
2 4 3 1
1 2
4)
1 2 3 1 2
Red discs Blue discs
Three red discs are numbered 1 to 3, and two blue discs are numbered 1 and 2.
A red disc is chosen at random followed by a blue disc.
Complete the following list of all the possible outcomes.
(1,1) (1,2) (2,1)...
5)
1 2 3 1 2 3 4
Three black cards are numbered 1 to 3 and 4 red cards are numbered 1 to 4.
A black card is chosen at random followed by a red card. Complete this list of all the
possible outcomes.
(1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (2,1)....
57. Probability Tables (2)

1) Two dice bearing the numbers 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3 are thrown together and the numbers
shown are added. Copy and complete the table below which shows the possible
outcomes.
Second dice
1 1 2 2 3 3
1 2 2 3 3
1 2 2 3
First 2 3 3
dice 2 3
3
3
What is the probability of getting a total of

a) 6
b) more than 4
c) less than 4
2) Four cards have the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 on them.
1 2 3 4
Two cards are taken at random and their sum recorded in this table. Copy and
complete the table.
1 2 3 4
1 3
2
3
4
Use the table to find the probability of obtaining a sum

a) of 7
b) greater than 4
3) The diagram shows two spinners, one numbered 1 to 4, the other having the letters
A, B, C. The outcome (1,B) is shown
a) Make a list of all the possible outcomes.
b) What is the probability of getting (2,A)?
c) What is the probability of getting a 4?
3
2 4
C A
1
B
4) Three orange discs are numbered 1 to 3, and two green discs are numbered 1 and
2. An orange disc is chosen at random followed by a green disc.
List all the possible outcomes.
What is the probability of getting
a) a 2 followed by a 1?
b) a 1 and a 2 in any order?
c) a 3 and a 1 in any order?
58. Probability (1)

1) Say whether each of the following events are likely, unlikely or have an even
chance of happening
a) Throwing a 1 on a dice
b) Throwing a 6 on a dice
c) Throwing an odd number on a dice
d) Drawing a green disc from a bag of 100 discs when the bag contains 70 green
discs
2) Three people, Alan, Betty and Cathy each buy raffle tickets. 100 tickets are sold
altogether. Alan buys 5, Betty buys 10, and Cathy buys 20. Copy the following
line and mark on it the chance of a) Alan winning b) Cathy winning c) Betty not
winning.
Unlikely Likely
3) Copy the probability line.

There are 10 discs in a bag, 2 red, 5 blue and 3 green. A disc is drawn at random.
Show on the line the probability of getting (a) a red (b) a blue (c) a green
(d) a red or a blue.
0 0.5 1
no Certainty
chance
4) The probability of some events happening are given by these numbers

0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0.
The same events have the following chances of happening
Likely, Even, Very unlikely, No chance, Very likely, Unlikely, and Certain.
Match the number against each of the chances.
5) Another set of events have the following probabilities of happening.

19%, 5%, 100%, 98%, 67%, 50%, 0%
Match each of these numbers against each of the words in question 4.
6) A race horse won five times out of his last seven races. Is the chance of him
winning the next race, good, even or poor? Explain your answer.
7) Ann buys five raffle tickets. 1000 tickets are sold altogether. She wins a prize. She
then says "buying five tickets in a raffle always gives you a good chance of
winning". Is she correct? Explain your answer.
8) Liam carries out a survey in the high street. After one hour he collects together his
data and draws up this table.
Vehicle Cars Vans Lorries Buses Other
Number 156 43 23 8 27
Do you think that the chance of the next vehicle being a car is good? Explain your
answer.
9) Tracy buys a CD player from a store. Because she spends more than £100 her
name is entered into a prize draw. She says that the chance of a girl winning is 0.5
because there are the same number of girls in the world as boys. Is she correct?
Explain your answer.
59. Probability (2)
Find the probability of the events in questions 1 to 6 happening

1) Throwing a number 2 on a dice numbered 1 to 6
2) Drawing a king from a pack of 52 playing cards (there are 4 kings in a pack)
3) Selecting a girl at random from a class of 20 boys and 15 girls.
4) Winning first prize in a raffle if you hold 10 tickets and 200 have been sold.
5) Picking an even number from the numbers 1 to 20.
6) Throwing an odd number on a dice numbered 1 to 6.
7) The order of play in a badminton competition is decided by drawing names from a

hat. Six names, Jane, Andrew, Stephen, Claire, Jenny and Jonathan are put into
the hat and drawn at random. Find the probabilities of
a) drawing Claire's name first
b) drawing a boy's name first
c) not getting Stephen's name first.
8) A bag contains 12 discs - 4 red, 5 green and 3 blue. A disc is taken out at random
What is the probability of drawing
a) a green disc
b) a red disc
c) a disc which is not a blue disc.
9) In a raffle, 1000 tickets are sold. Emily buys 5 tickets.

a) What is her chance of winning?
b) The chance of David winning is 10%
How many tickets does he buy?
10) A biased spinner has the numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4 on it.

4
2 3
1
The probability of getting a 1 is 0.1, a 2 is 0.2, and a 3 is 0.2.
a) What number are you most likely to get?
b) If it is spun 100 times, how many 2's would you expect to get?
c) What is the probability of scoring a 6?
11) 10 cards have the numbers 1 to 10 written on them.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
The cards are shuffled and placed face down on the table. A card is drawn at
random. Calculate the probability of each of the following
a) The card drawn will have the number 6 on it
b) The number on the card will be greater than 6
c) The number on the card will not be a 6
1
12) The probability of getting a 6 when rolling a dice is 6 . What is the probability of
not getting a 6? Explain your answer.
60. Grouped Frequency

1) Below is shown a list of marks scored by 33 pupils in an examination.
40, 35, 56, 98, 56, 87, 43, 23, 54, 57, 19,
39, 53, 85, 67, 83, 35, 49, 28, 51, 62, 68,
58, 43, 23, 73, 80, 52, 48, 33, 43, 21, 58
Copy and complete this grouped frequency table for the marks.
Mark Tally Number of pupils

Class interval Frequency
0-10 0
11-20 / 1
21-30 ////
31-40
41-50
51-60
61-70
71-80
81-90
91-100
2) "From his window Jack could see the leafless trees on the far side of the railway
cutting. There was a slight wind which from time to time rustled the discarded
paper on the ground. And there was the magpie; the bird that had given him so
much trouble in the past".
From the paragraph above, complete this table
Number of letters in a word Tally Number of words
1-2
3-4
5-6
7-8
9-10
3) Below is shown the number of TV's sold each day by an electrical shop over a
period of six weeks (36 days - excluding Sunday)
5, 4, 8, 11, 15, 14, 3, 13, 8, 13, 19, 19,
13, 15, 10, 15, 21, 15, 9, 6, 8, 14, 8, 14,
4, 5, 1, 8, 2, 3, 4, 6, 4, 3, 1, 2.
Copy and complete this grouped frequency table.
Number sold Tally Number of days

1-4
5-8
9-12
13-16
17-20
21-24
4) The following list shows the runs scored by batsmen in a game of cricket.
30, 1, 40, 20, 22, 11, 31, 32, 35, 23, 28,
33, 13, 23, 38, 29, 27, 39, 15, 27, 29, 21,
24, 17, 26, 3, 14, 17, 16, 5, 26, 45, 19,
7, 12, 8, 25.
Make a frequency table using the class intervals 0-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40 and
41-50.
61. Pie Charts
1) The pie chart shows the mixture of trees in a wood.

There are 1,000 trees altogether. Oak
a) What percentage of the trees are ash? Ash
b) What fraction of the trees are oak?
c) How many oak trees are there? Sycamore
Horse
chestnut
2) This pie chart represents Caroline's daily

activities Other
a) What fraction of the day is spent sleeping? Relaxing
b) How many hours are spent working?
Working
Sleeping
Eating
3) A survey asked 90 people how they intended to vote in the next general election.
The results are shown in the table below.
Conservative Liberal
Labour Other Not known
democrat
20 30 20 5 15
Draw a pie chart to show this information. You must show clearly all your calculations.
4) A class of 36 pupils were asked how they normally came to school. 10 said they came
by bus, 14 walked, 7 came by car and 5 by bicycle.
Draw a pie chart to show this information. Calculate
a) the number of degrees representing 1 pupil
b) the number of degrees representing each of the groups.
5) A survey was carried out to determine the type of newspaper people read. The 120
replies are shown in the table below.
Local Daily Sunday None
25 50 30 15
Draw a pie chart to show this information.
6) In a library there are 600 shelves to hold the books. The shelves are used in the
following way.
Non Magazines and
Reference Fiction
fiction newspapers
100 250 200 50
Draw a pie chart for the information by first calculating
a) the angle needed to represent 10 shelves, then
b) the number of degrees needed for each group.
62. Bar Charts.

1) This bar chart shows the types of houses the pupils of 10G live in.
12
10
Frequency
Detached Semi Flat Terraced Other

detached
From the diagram determine
a) Which type of building is the most popular
b) The number of pupils who live in flats
c) The total number of pupils in 10G.
2) The bar chart shows the marks obtained in an examination by students at a college.
For example 50 students scored between 40 and 49 marks
50
40
Frequency
30
20
10
20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89

a) How many students scored between 30 and 39?
b) How many students scored between 50 and 59?
c) How many students scored 60 or more?
d) Approximately how many students sat the examination?
3) Sixty people were asked to name their favourite fruit. The results are shown in
this table.
Apple Banana Orange Pear Grapes Other
13 18 10 6 8 5
Draw a bar chart to show this information.
63. Mean
1) Calculate the mean of these numbers

3, 7, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 3
2) Calculate the mean of these numbers, correct to one decimal place.
8, 6, 6, 5, 8, 9, 5, 10, 8, 6, 4
52, 56, 53, 48, 54, 50, 58, 55, 51, 49, 57
13, 5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 10, 12
5) A cricketer plays in 7 games and scores a total of 224 runs.
a) What was his mean score?
b) If he scores 0 runs in his eighth game, what is his new mean?
6) Barchester United Football Club score an average of 2.5 goals in 6 games.
a) What was their total score?
b) In the next game they score 5 goals. Is this sufficient to bring their average up
to 3?
7) A class of 30 pupils have a test. It is marked out of 5. The table shows the marks
gained.
Mark gained 0 1 2 3 4 5
Number of pupils 2 2 5 10 7 4
Total marks gained 0 2 10
a) How are the numbers in the bottom row obtained?
b) Complete the bottom row
c) What was the total number of marks obtained by all the pupils in the class?
d) What was the mean mark?
8) 26 pupils in a class are asked how many brothers and sisters they have. The results
are shown in the table below.
Brothers or sisters. 0 1 2 3 4 5
Number of pupils 2 4 8 6 3 3
a) Calculate the total number of brothers and sisters.
b) What is the mean number of brothers and sisters?
9) Claire did a survey of 12 people. She asked them how many TV's they had in their
house. She worked out the mean to be 2.5.
This is the data she collected
5, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 2, 2, 1, 1, 0
When she checked the data she found one to be missing. What was the number?
64. Median, Mode and Range

1) Copy and complete the frequency table for these numbers.
2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5,
1, 1, 4, 4, 3, 5, 2, 3, 2,
1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 5, 4, 5, 1,
2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 7, 6, 4, 6
Number Tally Frequency
From the table, determine

a) The mode b) The range
2) Construct a frequency table for these numbers

1, 4, 7, 4, 3, 8, 0, 2, 1, 8,
2, 9, 2, 6, 0, 8, 2, 2, 6, 2,
8, 1, 9, 0, 3, 7, 1, 0, 7, 5,
1, 9, 8, 3, 2, 6, 2, 6, 0, 2,
5, 2, 8, 7, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
From the table, determine a) the mode and b) the range of the numbers.
3) Construct a frequency table from the following numbers. From the table
determine
a) the mode and b) the range.
13, 14, 17, 14, 15, 14, 17, 14, 13,
16, 15, 13, 16, 17, 15, 13, 16, 17,
17, 16, 14, 15, 13, 17, 14, 16, 16,
15, 15, 15, 14, 14, 15, 15, 15, 13,
15, 16, 13, 15, 14, 16, 14, 17, 15,
4) Re-arrange the following numbers into order of size. From the list, determine the
median and the range
8, 7, 4, 10, 1, 5, 6, 6, 5, 4, 3, 4, 8, 7, 10, 4, 9, 5, 3, 2, 7.
5) Determine the median and range of these numbers

9, 9, 7, 6, 7, 4, 3, 2, 3, 7, 7, 6, 5, 7, 5, 8, 5.
6) Determine the median and range of these numbers

70, 72, 30, 74, 80, 83, 36, 50, 38, 85, 92, 50, 70,
68, 17, 48, 77, 72, 60, 74, 14, 75, 83, 65, 33, 52.
1) A car manufacturer designs a family car. She knows that the mean number of
people in a family is 4.4 and the mode is 4. How many seats should she put in the
car. Explain your answer.
2) The following table shows the age of the people at the youth club.
Age Less than 14 14 15 16 over 16

Number of people 10 16 20 15 12
Explain why the mean cannot be calculated.
3) Sarah carries out a survey on two groups of people.

On the first group she calculates their mean age to be 10 and the range to be 3.
With the second group she calculates the mean age to be 10 with a range of 7.
Explain the difference between the ages of the two groups of people.
4) Chris has to decide which type of battery his company is to use in their toys.
He has a choice between two different batteries.
Type A have a median life of 15 hours with a range of 2 hours.
Type B have a median life of 15 hours, but have a range of 6 hours.
Which type of battery does Chris choose and why?
5) The manager of a shoe shop calculates the mean, median and mode of the mens
shoe sizes she sells. These were the results.
Mode is 8, Mean is 7.5, Median is 7
She has to buy in some more stock. She can only order one size. Which size will
she buy? Explain your answer.
6) A football team has 11 players. The mean weight is 95 kilograms, and the range
is 12 kilograms. A player weighing 100kg is replaced by one weighing 90kg.
What effect will this have on the range and mean? Explain why you say this.
7) A football team plays 20 matches. The mean number of goals scored is 1.5 and the
mode is 2. In the 21st game they score 3 goals. What effect will this have on the
mean and mode? Explain your answer.
8) A class sits an examination. The paper is marked out of 40. Eve calculates the
median mark to be 23 and the range to be 25. She later finds that one mark of 30
should be 15. What effect will this have on the median and the range?
66. Scatter graphs
1) The diagrams show three different types of scatter graph.

a) b) c)
Describe each of the different kinds of correlation

The diagrams represent these three situations
(i) the age of cars plotted against their value,
(ii) the number of rooms in a house plotted against the value of the house
(iii) the age of adults plotted against their weight.
Which diagram represents each of the situations?
2) A class of pupils sat an examination in mathematics.

The examination consisted of two papers.
The following table shows the marks scored by a sample of 10 of the pupils.
Paper 1 46 77 49 57 67 52 72 59 54 27
Paper 2 53 84 43 63 65 61 74 73 57 35
On graph paper plot these values. Put paper 1 on the horizontal axis and paper 2 on
the vertical axis. Use 2cm to represent 10 marks on each axis.
From this diagram answer these two questions.
a) A pupil missed paper 2 but got 53 on paper 1.
What was her estimated mark for paper 2?
b) Another pupil missed paper 1 but got 70 on paper 2.
What was her estimated mark for paper 1?
3) The table shows the number of hours of rainfall per day at Northend-on-Sea and
the number of deck chairs hired out each day over a period of one week.
Hours of rainfall 2 5 3 0 7 10 8
No. of deck chairs hired out 150 100 160 190 45 10 70
On graph paper plot these values. Show the hours horizontally allowing 2cm to
represent 2 hours. Plot the deck chairs vertically allowing 2cm to represent 20
chairs.
From your graph predict how many deck chairs would be hired out if there were 6
hours of rainfall.
67. Line graphs
1) The table shows the temperatures at two places, one in Europe and one in
Australia.
The values are given for the months January, March, May, July, September and
November.
Month Jan Mar May July Sept Nov

Temperature in Europe oC 9 15 20 28 25 14
Temperature in Australia o C 27 32 23 13 12 20
This graph shows the temperatures for Europe plotted against the months.
30
Temperature
20
10
J M M J S N
Months
a) Plot the values for Australia on a similar graph.
b) Compare the two graphs. What do you notice about the temperatures in Europe
compared with those in Australia?
2) A company makes egg timers. They are supposed to run for exactly 4 minutes. A
sample of 100 were tested and the times they gave are shown below.
Time (seconds) 237 238 239 240 241 242

Frequency 10 14 18 30 17 11
a) Copy and complete this line graph for the table.

Frequency
30
20
10
237 238 239 240 241 242

Time (seconds)
b) Use the graph to comment on the results.
3) The table below shows the heights of 20 tomato plants. Draw a line graph for the
values. Let the horizontal axis represent the heights. Let the vertical axis represent
the frequency.
Height of tomato plant 89cm 90cm 91cm 92cm 93cm

Frequency 2 4 5 6 3
68. Surveys and Questionnaires
1) Jack did a survey. He asked the question "Do you think smoking is bad for
health?". He carried out the survey at three different places, a) people coming out
of a cigarette factory, b) a group of nurses and doctors and c) the customers at a
supermarket.
The results he gained were (i) yes 97%, no 3% (ii) yes 70%, no 30%,
(iii) yes 30%, no 70%.
Which set is which?
2) A large company want to build a supermarket in the town.

Paul does a survey to find out a) if the local people want it and b) whether they
will use it.
(i) Write down three questions he might use.
(ii) Write down a choice of two responses for each question.
3) The school committee decide that the tuck shop is to sell vegetarian snacks.
The snacks they want are a) fruit, b) yoghurt, c) oatmeal biscuits, d) nuts and
e) wholemeal sandwiches.
Devise a questionnaire in order to survey the pupils.
You need to know (i) whether pupils want vegetarian snacks, and (ii) the types of
snacks they like.
4) The manager of a D.I.Y. store wants her staff to wear a new uniform.
She thinks that they should all wear green tops and either a black skirt or trousers.
The deputy manager thinks that they would prefer a red top and jeans.
The manager designs this questionnaire for the staff
I think that it is a good idea

to have green tops and either a black
skirt or trousers as our new uniform.
Please indicate whether you agree with me
by ticking the appropriate box below.
Agree
Disagree
Do you think that this is a good questionaire? Make comments.

Foundation Page 69
Answers
1. Rounding off and Estimating 19) Five hundred and forty three thousand and
Exercise 1 nine
1) 70 2) 90 3) 140 4) 290 5) 700 6) 500 20) Six hundred thousand and eighty seven
7) a. 850 b. 800 8) a. 370 b. 400 9)a. 2300 21) Six million
b. 2000 10) a. 5880 b. 5900 c. 6000 22) Four million seven hundred and sixty two
Exercise 2 thousand eight hundred
1)a. 1000 b. 460 + 510 = 970 23) Five million seven hundred thousand three
2)a.40, 20 b. 800 3) 200 + 300 = 500 hundred and forty five
4) 60p + 50p + 80p = 190p 24) Four million seven hundred and sixty four
5) 6 × 20 =£120 6) 60 + 40 = 100 25) Seven million one hundred thousand and
7) 50 × 3 = 150 8) 20 – 5 = 15 sixty seven
9) 10 × 40 = 400 Exercise 2
Exercise 3 1) 156 2) 706 3) 407 4) 670 5) 3000
1) 50 × 30 = 1500 2) 30 × 50 = 1500 6) 4367 7) 2080 8) 6006 9) 5067 10) 9990
3) 10 × 60 = 600 4) 50 × 60 = 3000 11) 27,000 12) 40,000 13) 63,005
5) 90 × 40 = 3600 6) 50 × 30 = 1500 14) 87,500 15) 77,422 16) 18,957
7) 100 × 40 = 4000 8) 200 × 20 = 4000 17) 200,000 18) 167,000 19) 324,556
9) 40 × 100 = 4000 10) 70 × 200 = 14000 20) 754,072 21) 3,000,000 22) 4,900,000
11) 200 ÷ 20 = 10 12) 120 ÷ 20 = 6 23) 7,116,956 24) 6,014,957 25) 8,753,002
13) 160 ÷ 20 = 8 14) 240 ÷ 24 = 10 Exercise 3
15) 600 ÷ 30 = 20 16) 800 ÷ 20 = 40 1) 1683 2) 1090 3) 231 4) 76 5) 51
17) 1000 ÷ 50 = 20 18) 1600 ÷ 40 = 40 6) 141 7) 856 8) 2239 9) 79 10) 248
19) 2000 ÷ 50 = 40 20) 2800 ÷ 70 = 40 Exercise 4
30 × 40 20 × 40 1) Fifty 2) Seven hundred 3) Three thousand
21) = 200 22) = 100 4) Two 5) Ten thousand 6) Six thousand
6 8
50 × 60 30 × 40 7) Ninety thousand 8) Three million
23) = 600 24) = 60 9) Eight hundred thousand
5 20
300 × 4 400 × 20 10) Seventy thousand
25) = 40 26) = 200
30 40
600 × 30 300 × 40 3. Fractions, Decimals and Percentages (1)
27) = 300 28) = 200 Exercise 1
60 60
1) 0.75 2) 0.625 3) 0.4 4) 0.375 5) 0.4167
6) 0.35 7) 0.5333 8) 0.28 9) 0.2308
10) 0.1481 11) 0.56 12) 0.2667 13) 0.55
Exercise 1
14) 0.4286 15) 0.5556 16) 0.4375
1) One hundred and six
17) 0.3478 18) 0.5625
2) Two hundred and fourteen
Exercise 2
3) Three hundred and fifty six
1) 26% 2) 34% 3) 72% 4) 87% 5) 64%
4) Five hundred and ninety seven
6) 35% 7) 42% 8) 96.1% 9) 43.2%
5) Eight hundred and ninety three
10) 61.4% 11) 58.4% 12) 82.6% 13) 93.2%
6) One thousand three hundred and forty two
14) 30% 15) 60% 16) 190% 17) 238%
7) Four thousand three hundred and twenty
18) 641%
seven
Exercise 3
8) Five thousand three hundred and two
1) 80% 2) 80% 3) 46.67% 4) 15%
9) Seven thousand one hundred and two
5) 56.25% 6) 35.71% 7) 43.48% 8) 48%
10) Eight thousand and seventy three
9) 51.43% 10) 32.43% 11) 62.5%
11) Eleven thousand three hundred and forty
12) 46.88% 13) 69.23% 14) 79.41%
five
15) 86.17% 16) 73.21% 17) 51.92%
12) Fourteen thousand five hundred and thirty
18) 58.38%
six
Exercise 4
13) Twenty seven thousand three hundred and 1 3
fifty six 1) 0.2, 23%, 4 2) 36%, 8 , 0.41
7 5
14) Fifty four thousand three hundred and 3) 0.8, 87%, 8 4) 0.3, 31%, 16
sixty two 5) 10%, 0.14, 20
3 7
6) 43.7%, 16 , 0.47
15) Seventy three thousand and two 8 9
16) One hundred and sixty three thousand 7) 30%, 23 , 0.35 8) 0.47, 47.3%, 17
6 8
seven hundred and sixty five 9) 0.2, 21%, 28 10) 0.25, 25.6%, 31
17) Three hundred and seventy four thousand
three hundred and five
18)Three hundred and forty thousand
Foundation Page 70
Exercise 5 7. Multiplying and Dividing by 10,100 etc

1) 0 b c a 1 Exercise 1
1) 60 2) 170 3) 360 4) 1240 5) 6740
6) 400 7) 2,500 8) 14,200 9) 36,200
2) 0 b a c 1 10) 76,000 11) 7000 12) 38,000
13) 97,000 14) 270,000 15) 380,000
3) 0 b a c 1 16) 4,200,000 17) 7 18) 40 19) 92
20) 210 21) 3 22) 40 23) 82
24) 100 25) 6 26) 16 27) 20 28) 37
Exercise 2
Exercise 1
1 2 3 1 4 5 1) 13 2) 74 3) 122 4) 276 5) 28.7
1) 4 2) 5 3) 10 4 ) 5 or 20 5) 9 6) 53.8 7) 726.4 8) 1236.7 9) 347
6) 60% 7) 30% 8) 25% 9) 50% 10) 35% 10) 750 11) 1648 12) 12837 13) 460
Exercise 2 14) 1850 15) 17360 16) 87240
1) 15 2) 153 3) £78.75 4) £1.05 5) 12.5m 17) 2532 18) 12,673 19) 2460
6) 9.375m 7) £31.25 8) 36.75m 9) £15.40 20) 341,400 21) 3 22) 4.56 23) 0.2
10) 2.475m 11) £38.50 12) 2.31 metres 24) 0.074 25) 50 26) 19 27) 93.7
Exercise 3 28) 0.2 29) 23 30) 370 31) 400 32) 53.2
1) 222 2) 12 3) 342 4) 205 5) 90p Exercise 3
6) 60p 7) £11.40 8) 1.36 metres 1) 0.2 2) 0.27 3) 1.7 4) 15.3 5) 0.634
9) £2.16 10) £3.24 11) £8.58 12) 1116 6) 0.034 7) 0.0056 8) 0.0002 9) 0.0243
Exercise 4 10) 0.484 11) 3.27 12) 18.7 13) 0.00367
1) 48% 2) 63% 3) 68% 4) 46% 5) 62% 14) 0.0067 15) 0.000183 16) 0.005
6) 65% 7) 22% 8) 90% 9) 70% 10) 62% 17) 0.006 18) 0.016 19) 0.0026
11) 85% 12) 69% 13) 57% 14) 61% 20) 0.02745 21) 0.0003765 22) 0.0000254
15) 91% 16) 60% 23) 0.000034 24) 0.00003
Exercise 5 Exercise 4
60 3 450 45 9 3
1) 200 or 10 2) 800 or 80 or 16 3) , 30% 1) 100 2) 1000 3) 1000 4) 100 5) 1000
10
6) 100 7) 2000 8) 80 9) 0.03 10) 0.0007
4) £100 5) £30
5. Fractions. Decimals and Percentages (3)
Exercise 1
1) £132 2) £144 3) £55,800 4) 45 miles
1) 8r1 2) 13r5 3) 11r6 4) 26r2 5)20r3
5) 33 tonnes 6) 207 7) 37,500 8) 100
6) 66r5 7) 124 8) 123 9) 194r4 10) 57r6
9) 59, 360 10) 120 11) £63.60 12) £47
11) 37r8 12) 96
13) 320g 14) £8.40 15) £851.88
Exercise 2
16) 25.5 cm 17) £29.38
1) 5r2 2) 4r4 3) 7r7 4) 4r7 5) 6r20
6) 8r5 7) 7r33 8)13r1 9) 12r4 10) 11r17
11) 13r14 12) 10r14 13) 12r21 14) 16r1
Exercise 1
15) 16r23 16) 29r7 17) 40r1
1) -28 -13 12 18) 16r24 19) 20r5 20) 18r38
-30 -20 -10 -5 0 5 10 20 Exercise 3
1) 7.5 2) 6.25 3) 7.25 4) 6.8 5) 7.5
2) 1 34 1 34 6) 15.5 7) 23.5 8) 11.25 9) 20.25
1 10) 45.5 11) 5.52 12) 26.25 13) 36.25
-2.9 -2 -1 0 1 1.6 2 14) 29.75 15) 53.5 16) 19.5 17) 2.94
2
3) –13, –12, –6, –1, 0, 1, 5, 26 18)10.08 19) 8.4 20) 145.75
1 1
4) –6, –44 , –1.3, –2 , 0, 1.8, 2, 3.1. Exercise 4
1) 864 2) 1596 3) 1222 4) 1122
Exercise 2. 5) 4644 6) 2057 7) 5832 8) 4862
1) 14 2) 2 3) –3 4) 2 5) –13 9) 12,032 10) 1062 11) 23,562
6) 5 7) –20 8) –2 9) –4 10) –11 12) 39,566 13) 37,066 14) 54,592
Exercise 3 15) 11,529 16) 62,926 17) 45,663
1) 4 2) 6 3) 9 4) 9 5) 3 18) 26,904 19) 36,501 20) 43,808
6) 7 7) 3 8) 9 9) 8 10) 5
Exercise 4 9. Use of the Calculator
1) a) Belfast b) Perth c) Perth 10o Exercise 1
o
d) Belfast 3 c o
2) 12 c 3) 12o c 1) 6,3 2) 23,32 3) 12,48 4) 27,12
4) A gets 4, B gets 4, C gets 6 so C wins. 5) 8,2 6) 7,4 7) 26,36
Foundation Page 71
Exercise 2 13) 70 : 30: 20 14) 125 : 150 : 175

1) 0.2 2) 26.0 3) 55.1 4) 15.1 5) 3.5 15) 125 : 200 : 225 16) £1.98 : £4.62 : £7.26
6) 2.4 7) 5.7 8) 3.1 9) 18.0 10) 30.8 Exercise 2
11) 49.2 12) 3.2 13) 22.3 14) 40.4 1) £360 : £240 2) 30 metres, 70 metres
15) 21.5 16) 22.3 17) 2.3 18) 16.9 3) 4 4) a) 75g, 225ml, 90g, 9, 255g
19) 1.4 20) 10.7 21) 1.8 22) 20.8 b) 187.5g, 562.5ml, 225g, 22.5eggs, 637.5g
23) 0.9 24) 14.7 25) 3.9 26) 12.4 5) a) £160 b) £360 6) 494 : 456 7) 160
27) 6.3 28) 13.2 29) 32.0 30) 11.3 8) 7 9) 175g, 75g, 300g 10) 480, 200, 120.
31) 7.4 32) 44.8 33) 8.1 34) 5.3 11) £12,000, £8,000, £4,000
35) 59.2 36) 88.1
Exercise 3 13. Fractions, Decimals and Percentages (4)
1) 0.85 2) 0.25 3) 1.27 4) 0.68 5) 1.09 Exercise 1
6) 0.58 7) 0.04 8) 0.07 9) 1.05 10) 0.08 1) £117 2) £242 3) £180 4) £2,300
11) 0.05 12) 0.06 13) 0.06 14) 0.23 15) 5.92 5) £5,544 6) £185 7) £52.50 8) £41,650
16) 7.31 17) 6.87 18) 9.05 19) 8.09 20) 1.5 9) £58.40 10) £351
21) 0.90 22) 1.89 23) 1.84 24) 2.21 Exercise 2
1) 20% 2) 60% 3) 33% 4) 20% 5) 11%
10. Types of Numbers 6) 13% 7) 4% 8) 6% 9) 6% 10) 24%
Exercise 1 Exercise 3
1) 25 2) 7 3) 47 4) 45 5) 2 1) £4 2) £36 3) £135 4) £400 5) £315
6) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48 6) £240 7) £1040 8) £16.80 9) £132
7) 1, 8, 27 8) 4 or 16 or 36 9) 24 or 48 10) £504
10) 4, 9, 25, or 49
Exercise 2 14. Tables
1) Factors 2) Square 3) Multiples 4) Square 1) a) 0837 b) 0952 c) 22 minutes d) 1708
5) Even, Prime 6) Prime 7) Square, Cube 2) a) £1119 b) £1618 c) £3356
8) Square root, Cube root 9) Factors 10) Not 3) a) 30 minutes b) 1 hour 40 minutes c) yes
Exercise 3 4) a) 381 b) 281 c) Glasgow and Edinburgh
1) 8 2) 16 3) 125 4) 17 5) 3 6) 90 or Swansea and Cardiff
7) 54 8) 2 9) 4 10) 5 11) 61 12) 109
Exercise 4 15. Number Patterns and Sequences (1)
1) 21 cannot be divided exactly by 5 Exercise 1
2) 27 cannot be divided exactly by 17 1) 12, 14 2) 15, 17 3) 22, 25 4) 25, 29
3) 44 is divisible by other numbers. 5) 28, 33 6) 48, 57 7) 18, 24 8) 15, 20
4) No whole number can be multiplied by 9) 35, 47 10) 17, 23 11) 35, 41 12) 23,30
itself to get 60. 13) 5, 3 14) 10, 5 15) 7, 4 16) –5, –12
5) Means 5 × 5 × 5 not 5 × 3. 17) –3, –5 18) –2, –7 19) –20, –28
6) 9 × 9 is not equal to 39 20) –16, –22 21) 13, 16
7) 41, 43 and 47 are prime Exercise 2
8) 9 has 3 factors, 1, 3 and 9. A prime number 1) a) 22 b) add on 7 2) a) 27 b) add on 8
has only 2 factors. 3) a) 16 b) add on 6 4) a) 13 b) add previous
9) 1 divides into 100 exactly so it is a factor. two numbers together
10) 2 is even and prime. 5) a) 128 b) double previous number
6) a) 19 b) add on 3 7) a) 127 b) double the
11. Personal and Household Finance previous number and add 1.
1) 8 for £1.12 2) a) £3.17 b) £1.83 8) a) 729 b) multiply previous number by 3
3) 19 stamps, 6p left over 4) a) £6.20 b) £3.80 9) a) 2 b) half previous number
5) £124.40 6) 11 weeks 7) £3.50 Exercise 3
8) £949.85 9) 10 with 10p over 1) a) 11, 13 b) add 2 to the previous number
10) £101.43 11) £212.40 12) £1.96 c) 2n – 1
13) £5.90, £4.10 14) 14.9 2) a) 17, 20 b) add 3 to the previous number
15) 92, £37.72, £45.84 16) £65.40 c) 3n – 1
17) £2.90 18) 7 19) £8.40 3) a) 25, 29 b) add 4 to the previous number
c) 4n + 1
12. Ratio and proportion 4) a) 36, 42 b) add 6 to the previous number
Exercise 1 c) 6n
1) 400 : 500 2) 300 : 700 3) 75 : 125 5) a) 37, 43 b) add 6 to the previous number
4) 280 : 320 5) 500 : 700 6) 525 : 225 c) 6n + 1
7) 250 : 550 8) 250 : 450 9) 245 : 385
10) 495 :770 11) 840 : 1365 12) 520 : 650
Foundation Page 72
6) a) 37, 42 b) add 5 to the previous number 7) 17x – 12 8) 22x + 15 9) 9x – 2y

c) 5n + 7 10) 14x – 12y 11) 5y + 8x 12) y + 24x
7) a) 13, 15 b) add 2 to the previous number
c) 2n + 1 19. Equations
8) a) 18, 21 b) add 3 to the previous number Exercise 1
c) 3n – 3 1) 10 2) 6 3) 8 4) 20 5) 3 6) 3 7) 2
9) a) 36, 41 b) add 5 to the previous number Exercise 2
c) 5n + 6 1) 2 2) 10 3) 12 4) 6 5) 18 6) 27
Exercise 4 7) 2 8) 10 9) 14 10) 3 11) 7 12) 4.5
1) a) 8 b) add 2 and 1 alternately c) add 1 13) –5 14) –6 15) –2.5 16) 2 17) 3
and 2 alternately 18) 2 19) 3 20) 2 21) 7 22) 2.5
2) a) 20 b) 24 c) 4( n+ 1) or 4n + 4 23) –2 24) –5
d) 4(21) = 84 Exercise 3
1) 3 2) 5 3) 6 4) 5 5) 3 6) 2 7) 6
16. Number Patterns and Sequences (2) 8) 2 9) 3.5 10) 3 11) 2.5 12) 3.5
1) a) 9 b) 11 c) 2n – 1 d) 79 13) –1 14) –4 15) 4 16) 9 17) 8
2) a) 20 b) 30 c) 12 18) 2 19) 3 20) –8 21) –3
3) a) 15 b) 20 c) 5n – 5 or 5(n – 1) d) 45 Exercise 4
4) a) 22 b) 27 c) 5n + 2, 62 1) 3 2) 2 3) 1 4) 3 5) 3 6) 4 7) 5
8) 7 8) 8 10) 10 11) 7 12) 5 13) 1
17. Substitution 14) 4 15) 3 16) 3 17) 2 18) 5 19) 2
Exercise 1 20) 0 21) 3 22) x = 2 23) 5 24) 4
1) a) £26.40 b) £21.45 2) a) £64.30
b) £100.30 20. Forming Expressions
3) a) £10 b) £19, 4 days 4) a) 88 minutes 1) a) d + 12m b) d + 12m – 10
b) 71 minutes 2) a) £36h b) 2h c) £12h d) £48h
Exercise 2 e) £35(h + 1) 3) a) T + 2 miles
1) 7 2) 8 3) 9 4) 1 5) 1 6) 2 7) –1 b) T + 1 miles c) 2(T + 2) or 2T + 4
8) –2 9) –1 10) 2 11) 10 12) 18 4) a) £h + 8w b) £h + 2 c) £w – 1
13) 2 14) –1 15) –8 16) 30 17) 14 d) £h + 8w – 6 5) a) 200r b) £2r c) £c
18) 6 19) –6 20) –3 21) 7 d) £c + p e) £c + 3p 6) a £C + 8A
Exercise 3 b £2C + 14A 7) a) (iii) d) 4m + 2
1) –1 2) 1 3) –2 4) –3 5) 7 6) –4 8) a) 12t + e b) 24t + 2e
7) –1 8) 2 9) –11 10) 2 11) 2
12) 5 13) –6 14) 2 15) –12 16) 0 21. Distance Time Diagrams (1)
17) 0 18) –10 19) –8 20) –27 21) 2 1) a) 220 miles b) 40 minutes
Exercise 4 c) 30 miles per hour d) 44 mph
1) 18 2) 3 3) 12 4) 27 5) 28 6) 15 2) a) 45 mph b) 4 minutes c) 8:10
7) 10 8) 14 9) 12 10) 40 11) 40 12) –5 d) 32.5 mph e) 8:27 f) 1.5 miles g) 8:58
3) a) 60 mph b) 12:40, 4 mins c) 80 mph
18. Simplifying Expressions d) 72 mph e) 13:04, 68 miles
Exercise 1
1) (i) 8x (ii) 4x2 2) (i) 10 + 2y (ii) 5y 22. Distance Time Diagrams (2)
3) (i) 4x (ii) 8x (iii) 2x + y (iv) 3x + 2y 1) a) 12 minutes b) 8 km per hour c) 2 hours
4) (i) x2 (ii) 3x 2 d) 6.25 km per hour e) 42 minutes f) 14.06
Exercise 2 g) The first 4 km. The graph is steepest
1) 11 2) 5 3) 9 4) –1 5) –3 6) –3 7) 4 2) a) 144 miles b) 18 mph and 72 mph
8) 3 9) 6 10) –8 11) –11 12) –15 13) 3 c) 36 minutes d) 05:12, 104 miles
14) 0 15) 1 16) –6 17) –1 18) –1 19) –4 e) 32 miles
20) 0
Exercise 3 23. Co-ordinates
1) 11y 2) 8y 3) 3y 4) 8x 5) –2y 6) 8x 1) (2,6) (6,10) (10,6) (6,2)
7) –9y 8) –6x 9) –23a 10) –19w 2) a) (6,9) (10,11) (14,3) b) (10,1)
11) 15b + 5a 12) 12x + 13y 13) 7b + 8a 3) (–3,4) (4,4) (4, –2) (–3,–2)
14) 7y+ 2x 15) 4a + 7b 16) 8p+ 10q 4) (–6,1) (1,4) (3,4) (5,1) (5,–3) (3,–6)
17) 8a + 2b 18) 4x + 6y 19) 6x – y (1,–6) (–6,–3)
20) 4a + b 21) –2x – 3y 22) 6a – 3b 5) b) (4,–1) (–5,–4) (–7,2) (2,5)
Exercise 4
1) 3x + 3y 2) 18x + 24 3) 8x – 12
4) 18x + 12 5) 7x + 10 6) 21x – 28
Foundation Page 73
24. Conversion Graphs (1) 2) 3) Example

1) a) 45 b) £3.40 2) a) $113 approx.
b) £37 approx.

4)
1) 88 lbs a) approximately 50.5 lbs
b) approximately 34 kg 5)
2) 45 litres a) 49.5 b) 7.1
3) a) £88 b) 9000
4) a) 3 ozs b) 7 ozs c) 368 g. approximately
5) a) 122,000 Lira b) £14.65 approximately
26. Plotting Graphs 30. Nets and Isometric Drawings (2)

1) b) Lines are parallel 2) b) 22.2 1) 2)
3) c) Perpendicular 4) c) Parallel
5) c) 0.65 6) c) (2,4) (–1,1)

1) 3 cows 4 sheep 2) 3 tables 12 chairs 3)
3) 3 at 26p, 2 at 20p 4) 10 at 30p, 7 at 25p
5) 4 pencils, 7 pens 6) 7 pencils, 9 pens
7) 8 of 4 and 5 of 6 8) 7 of 5 and 4 of 12
9) 8.3 cm 10) 9.2 cm 11) 6.1 cms
12) 7.8 cms
4) 5)
28. Bearings
Exercise 1
1) 2)
40 35
6) 7)
3)
4) 52
27
6)
5) 8)
28
43
Exercise 2
1) N28o W (332o) 2) N280E (028o )
3) S58oW (238o) 31. Reflection Symmetry
Exercise 3 1) a, b, c, g, i.
1) a) 43 km (N89o W or 271o )
2) 3)
b) 73 km S 80 o E (100o )
c) 25 km S 32o W (212o )
2) 9.4km S 87 o E (093o )
3) 153 km S 33 o W (213o )
29. Nets and Isometric Drawings (1) 4) i, p, x, s.

1) a, c, d, f
Foundation Page 74
5) 6) 120o 7) a) AOB, AOD, DOC b) 90o,

45o , 45o , 8) a) Isosceles triangle b) AOD
c) AOB and DOC d) 48o , 66 o , 24o .
37. Shapes
a) Octagon b) Parellelogram c) Quadrilateral
32. Reflection d) Cuboid e) Triangle f) Kite g) Hexagon
1) (–1,4) (–6,4) (–6,10) h) Cube i) Trapezium j) Triangular prism
2) (0,2) (–5,2) (–5,10) (0,10) (0,7) k) Circle l) Cylinder n) Square o) Cone
(–3,7) (–3,5) (0,5) p) Rectangle q) Pyramid r) Pentagon
3) (2,0) (0,5) (2,10) (4,5)
4) (3,–1) (9,–3) (3,–8) 38. Enlargements
5) (1,1) (8,1) (10,–4) (3,–4)
39. Scale Drawings
33. Angles 1) 7.4 cm 2) 4.5 cm 3) 80 metres
1) 121o 2) 51o 3) 38o, 57 o , 142o 4) 15.4 metres
4) 55o , 55 o 5) 47o, 133 o 6) 34o, 34 o , 146 o
7) 36o , 60 o , 60 o 8) 71o, 30 o , 30 o 40. Rotational Symmetry
o
9) 25 , 60 o 10) 133o, 47 o , 47 o 1) a) 3 b) 4 c) 5 d) 10 e) 3 f) 6 g) 3 h) 2
i) 6 j) 3 k) 3 l) 4 m) 6 n) 6 p) 4 q) 2
34. Triangles
1) 105o 2) 150o , 60 o 3) 70o , 60 o
2) I, S, .X, Z
.
o
4) 70 , 60 o 5) 45 , 48 , 132 o
o o
3) b) c)
. d)
o
6) 63 , 54 o 7) 121o , 130 o , 109 o .
8) 39o , 27 o , 12 o
9) 43o , 43, 137o 10) 60o , 120 o e) . f) . g) .
1) 2) 3) 4)
h)
. i)
.
5) a) Equal in length b) 72 o c) 54o , 54 o
6) a) 45 o b) 67.5, 67.5 c) 135o d) 45o
7) a) 51.4 b) 64.3o c) 128.6o d) 51.4o
o
8) 8 9) The interior angle of a pentagon is not 41. Rotation

a factor of 360o. The interior angle of a 1) (–1,–1) (–1,–3) (–3.–3)
hexagon (120o) is a factor of 360 o . Therefore 2) (2,4) (2,8) (9,8)
three of these angles will fit together to make 3) (–2,3) (–9,3) (–9,7) (–2,7)
360 o . 10) 9 4) Rotation of 90 o clockwise about point (–3,2)
36. Quadrilaterals 42. Translations (1)

1) a) b) 1) (0,3) (5,3) (4,9)
2) (–3,3) (–8,3) (–6,8) (–1,8)
3) (4,–2) (7,–2) (10,–6) (2,–6)
4) (2,8) (7,8) (9,6) (4,3) (5,6)

1) c) (2,3) (2,1) (4,1)
c) d) 2) c) (2, –2) (4.–2) (4,–4) (2,–4)
3) c) (–5,–3) (–2,–3) (–2,–1) (–4,–1)
44. Tessellations
2) Four corners of 90o will fit together around
e) a point to make 360o. 145o will not divide into
360o exactly.
3) a) Square b) Rhombus c) Rhombus
2) 127o, 53 o 3) 90o , 56 o 4) 142o 5) 65o

Foundation Page 75
45. Planes of Symmetry 5) 30 cm, 2 cm, 1 cm, 4.

1) No 3
2) 9 3) a) 1 b) 1 4) A and D 52. Speed
1) 50 mph 2) 32 mph 3) 40 kpm
46. Volume 4) 26.25 mph 5) a) 38 miles b) 76 mph
1) 27cm3 2) 63cm3 3) 72 cm3 4) 30 cm3 6) a) 15 km b) 30 kph 7) 40 km per hour
5) 24 6) 3 × 12 × 4 or 3 × 6 × 8 etc 8) 50 mph 9) 60 kph 10) 60 miles
7) 4 cm 11) 75 miles 12) 125 km 13) 75 km
14) 126 miles 15) 2 hours
47. Using Measurements 16) 1 hour 30 minutes 17) 15:20 or 3:20 pm
1) a) 77 mm b) 7 cm 7 mm c) 7.7 cm 18) 10:35 am 19) 12:45 am.
2) a) 95 mm b) 9 cm 5 mm c) 9.5 cm
3) a) 3.1 b) 3.8 4) a) (i) 700ml (ii) .7L 53. Best Buys
b) more 5) a) kilograms b) 68 kg 1) Chris 2) Supermarket 3) 1 litre
c) 92kg d) 24kg e) 150 pounds, 202 pounds 4) 700 g 5) 1 litre 6) 125 ml 7) 500 ml
f) 10 stones, 10 pounds and 14 stone 6 pounds 8) 450 g tin 9) 4 litre 10) 200 ml tube
6) 90 km 7) 5 feet 10 inches 8) 22 gallons
9) 2 litres are greater than 3 pints, 2 kgs are 54. Pictograms
greater than 4 pounds 1) a) 125 b) 45 c) 15
2) a) 30 b) 45 c) 15 d) 585
48. Circumference of a circle 3)
.. .. .. ..
Exercise 1 Badminton
1) 25.12 2) 37.68 3) 62.8 4) 113.04 .. ..
5) 50.24 6) 43.96 7) 37.68 8) 50.24 Squash
.. .. .. ..
9) 75.36 10) 7.222 11) 53.38 12) 72.22 Netball
Exercise 2 .. .. ..
1) 6.369 2) 33.44 3) 0.7325 4) 4.777 Rounders
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
5) 81.53 6) 56.05 Hockey
Exercise 3
1) a) 219.8 cm b) 4396 cm or 43.96 metres
2) a) 31.4 metres b) 628 metres 55. Area of Circles
3) a) 26 metres 4) 7 m 85 cm 1) a) 7.065cm2 b) 200.96mm2 c) 50.24mm2
5) 785 metres 6) 579 turns 7) 21 turns d) 28.26cm 2 e) 7.065cm2 f) 12.56cm2
2) a) 78.5cm2 b) 28.26cm2 c) 19.63cm2
49. Areas and Perimeters d) 452.2cm 2 e) 254.3cm2 f) 176.6cm2
g) 16.61cm 2 h) 58.06cm 2 i) 55.39cm2
1) A 8,12 B 8,14 C 5,12 D 7,14 E 7,16
3) a) 113.04cm 2 b) 1.766cm2
F 9,12 G 6,14 H 6,12
2) B 3) 62 4) 30 m, 38 m2 c) 111.27cm2
5) a) 243 tiles b) 16 m 80 cm c) 84 4) Square 6.25cm2 Circle 7.065cm2
6) a) 216 cm2 b ) 84 m2 c) 72 m2 Circle is larger.
7) 60 cm 2 5) a) 50.24 m2 b) 78.5 m2 c) 28.26 m 2
50. Time 56. Probability Tables (1)

1) a) 40 minutes b) 50 minutes 1)
c) 1 hr 45 mins d) 1 hr 20 mins 1 2 3 4 5 6
2) a) 3 hours 45 minutes b) 4 hours 6 minutes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
c) 1 hour 53 minutes d) 2 hours 49 minutes 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
e) 3 hours 4 minutes f) 6 hours 48 minutes 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
3) 5:50 4) 2: 30 pm 5) 6 hours 40 minutes 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
6) a) 3:53 pm 5:06 pm b) 1 hour 13 minutes 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
7) Hannah 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
8) a) 16:12 b) 8 hours 34 minutes 2) (A,B) (A,C) (A,D) (A,E) (B,C)
9) 7 hours 22 minutes (B,D) (B,E) (C,D) (C,E) (D,E)
3)
51. Plans 1 2 3 4
1) a) 50 cm b) 10 cm, 6cm 1 2 3 4 5
c) 5 metres, 3 metres d) 130cm, 70 cm 2 3 4 5 6
2) 40 cm, 4 metres, 12.5 cm, 2 3 4 5 6 7
3) a) 3 cm b) 1:10 c) 13 cms
4) a) 4:1 b) 8 mm
Foundation Page 76
1 4 2 9 5
4) (1,1) (1,2) (2,1) (2,2) (3,1) (3,2) c) 0 11) a) 10 b) 10 or 5 c) 10 12) 6
5) (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (2,1) (2,2) because there are 5 other numbers that can be
(2,3) (2,4) (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) obtained.
57. Probability Tables (2) 60. Grouped Frequency
1) 1) 0-10 0
1 1 2 2 3 3 11-20 1
1 2 2 3 3 4 4 21-30 4
1 2 2 3 3 4 4 31-40 5
2 3 3 4 4 5 5 41-50 5
2 3 3 4 4 5 5 51-60 9
3 4 4 5 5 6 6 61-70 3
3 4 4 5 5 6 6 71-80 2
4 1 12 1 12 1
81-90 3
a) 36 or 9 b) 36 or 3 c) 36 or 3 91-100 1
2)
1 2 3 4 2) 1-2 7
1 3 4 5 3-4 27
2 3 5 6 5-6 11
3 4 5 7 7-8 5
4 5 6 7 9-10 1
2 1
a) 12 or 6 b) 12 or 3
8 2 3) 1-4 11
5-8 9
3) a) (1,A) (1,B) (1,C) (2,A) (2,B) (2,C)
9-12 3
(3,A) (3,B) (3,C) (4,A) (4,B) (4,C)
1 3 1 13-16 10
b) 12 b) 12 or 4 17-20 2
4) (1,1) (1,2) (2,1) (2,2) (3,1) (3,2) 21-24 1
1 2 1 1
a) 6 b) 6 or 3 c) 6
4) 0-10 5
58. Probability (1) 11-20 10
1) a Unlikely b Unlikely c Even 21-30 14
d Likely 31-40 7
41-50 1
2) a b c
61. Pie Charts
3) a c b d 1) a) 25% b) 8
1
c) 125
1
2) a) 3 b) 6 hrs
4) 0, no chance; 0.1, very unlikely;
3) Angles are 80o, 120o , 80o , 20o , 60o
0.3, unlikely; 0.5, even; 0.7, likely;
4) a) 10o b) 100o, 140o , 70o and 50o
0.9, very likely; 1.0, certain
5) Angles are 75o, 150o , 90o and 45o
5) 0%, no chance; 5%, very unlikely;
6) a) 6o b) 60o , 150 o , 120o , 30o
19%, unlikely; 50%, even; 67%, likely;
98% very likely; 100% certain.
62. Bar Charts
6) Good. On his past performance it has 5 1) a) Semi detached b)5 c) 30 2) a) 40
chances out of 7 of winning.
7) 5 chances out of 1000 is not a good chance. b) 35 c) 50 d) 195
8) Yes.There have been 156 cars out of 257 3)
which is better than an even chance.
9) Only if the number of girls entering the
competition is the same as the number of
boys entering it.
59. Probability (2)

1 4 1 15 3 10 1
1) 6 2) 52 or 13 3) 35 or 7 4) 200 or 20
10 1 3 1 1 3 1 63. Mean
5) 20 or 2 6) 6 or 2 7) a) 6 b) 6 or 2
5 5 4 1 9 3 1) 4.75 2) 6.8 3) 53 4) 11.5
c) 6 8) a) 12 b) 12 or 3 c) 12 or 4 5) a) 32 b) 28 6) a) 15 b) No
5 1
9) a) 1000 or 200 b) 100 10) a) 4 b) 20
Foundation Page 77
7) a) By multiplying together the top two rows are a number of 23's it could stay the same.
b) 30, 28, 20 c) 90 d) 3 8) a) 65 b) 2.5 If 30 and 15 lie between the top and bottom
9) 4 mark then there will be no change in the
range. If 30 is the largest number, or 15 the
64. Median, Mode and Range smallest then the range could change.
1) 1 8
2 7 66. Scatter Graphs
3 7 1) Positive correlation, no correlation and
4 6 negative correlation (i) c) (ii) a) (iii) b)
5 4 2) a) About 58 b) about 65 3) About 90
6 3
7 1 67. Line Graphs
1) b) The temperatures in Europe are high in
2) 0 6 July and low in January. The temperatures
1 6 in Australia are low in July and high in
2 11 January. 2) b e.g. most egg timers were
3 5 within 2 seconds of 4 minutes.
4 3
5 2 68. Surveys and Questionaires
6 4 1) a) and (iii) b) and (i) c) and (ii)
7 4 2) Examples only
8 6
9 3 Question Response
a) 2 b) 9 Do you want a Yes / no
3) 13 7 supermarket in town?
14 10 Where do you think a In town / Out of
15 13 supermarket should town
16 8 be built?
17 7 What is your age? 30 or less / Over 30
a) 15 b) 4 Do you normally Yes / No
4) 5 and 9 5) 6 and 7 6) 69 and 78 shop for others?
Where do you Town / Other
normally shop?
The following answers are examples and in
some cases are more detailed than required. What is your gender? Male / Female
1) Either a) 4 seats because more families
have 4 members than any other number 3) Would you be prepared to buy vegetarian
or b) 5 seats because this covers all family food from the tuck shop? Yes/No
sizes up to 5 Which two of the following would you
2) It is not known the exact ages of the people prefer to eat? a) fruit b) yoghurt
who are less than 14 and over 16. c) oatmeal biscuits d) nuts e) wholemeal
3) The ages of the second group are more sandwiches
spread out than the ages of the first group. 4) Not a good questionaire because a) it only
4) Type A – as they have a smaller range gives one choice b) it puts pressure on the
they are more reliable. staff to agree by saying the manager thinks
5) Size 8 – she sells more of this size than any it is a good idea. It would be better to give
other size. the two choices with no comment about
6) The mean will go down slightly ( to 94.1). what the manager likes. A third choice
The range could go down or stay the same such as "none of these" or a space for their
eg if it was 88 to 100 then there would be a own comments would make it less biased.
change.
7) The mean will increase slightly (to 1.57).
The mode will stay the same at 2. If there
are now the same number of 2's as there are
3's then both these numbers will be modes.
However, since the mean is only 1.5 it
seems more likely that there are not many
3's compared with 2's so the mode will stay
the same.
8) The median will either be lower, or if there

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Exercises in GCSE

Exercises in GCSE Mathematics-Foundation level

First Published 1998 Computer edition 2000

Copyr ight R J oinson and Sumbooks

This package of worksheets is sold subject to the condition

R Joinson January 1998

1. Rounding off and Estimating

1. Rounding off and Estimating

2. Reading and Writing Whole Numbers

3. Fractions, Decimals and Percentages (1)

4. Fractions, Decimals and Percentages (2)

What percentage of the following shapes have been shaded in?

5) 15% of £6 6) 40% of £1.50 7) 60% of £19 8) 17% of 8 metres

1) 24 out of 50 2) 38 out of 60 3) 27 out of 40 4) 37 out of 80

5) 56 out of 90 6) 97 out of 150 7) 43 out of 200 8) 63 out of 70

13) 43 out of 76 14) 58 out of 95 15) 62 out of 68 16) 27 out of 45

5. Fractions, Decimals and Percentages (3)

6. Ordering Directed Numbers

1) Copy the number line below and mark on the numbers

Perth Llandudno Norwich Belfast

a) Which place had the lowest midday temperature?

7. Multiplying and Dividing by 10, 100 etc.

8. Multiplication and Division

5) 183 ÷ 9 6) 401 ÷ 6 7) 372 ÷ 3 8) 861 ÷ 7

9) 974 ÷ 5 10) 462 ÷ 8 11) 341 ÷ 9 12) 576 ÷ 6

5) 176 ÷ 26 6) 541 ÷ 67 7) 341 ÷ 44 8) 183 ÷ 14

9) 196 ÷ 16 10) 215 ÷ 18 11) 326 ÷ 24 12) 184 ÷ 17

13) 285 ÷ 22 14) 497 ÷ 31 15) 567 ÷ 34 16) 674 ÷ 23

17) 841 ÷ 21 18) 456 ÷ 27 19) 845 ÷ 42 20) 956 ÷ 51

9) 81 ÷ 4 10) 273 ÷ 6 11) 27.6 ÷ 5 12) 210 ÷ 8

13) 145 ÷ 4 14) 238 ÷ 8 15) 214 ÷ 4 16) 156 ÷ 8

17) 14.7 ÷ 5 18) 50.4 ÷ 5 19) 58.8 ÷ 7 20) 583 ÷ 4

6) 121 × 17 7) 216 × 27 8) 143 × 34 9) 256 × 47 10) 354 × 3

9. Use of the Calculator

Exercise 2 (give your answer correct to 1 decimal place in each case)

10. Types of Numbers

From the list of numbers above, write down

1) The ....... of 21 are 1,3,7 and 21.

11. Personal and Household Finance

12. Ratio and Proportion

9) 15 shortbread biscuits can be made from the following recipe

13. Fractions, Decimals and Percentages (4)

Buying price Selling price

15. Number Patterns and Sequences (1)

1 strip 2 strips 3 strips 4 strips

2) The diagrams below show square 'holes' surrounded by centimetre squares.

16. Number Patterns and Sequences (2)

Row 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

1 upright 2 uprights 3 uprights

4) Shapes are made from matchsticks as shown below.

1 layer 2 layers 3 layers

18. Simplifying Expressions

20. Forming Expressions

21. Distance Time Diagrams (1)

22. Distance Time Diagrams (2)

10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 12:30 13:00 13:30 14:00

1) Write down the co-ordinates 10

3) The diagram shows a rectangle.

4) The diagram shows an octagon.

5) The diagram shows two sides