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Activity No.
Melting Point and Boiling Point Determnination
ROSTEM JAN SELWYN B. ARDA
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CHEMISTRY

Ms. Nova Fe Anorico, RCh, MSc
March 2021
INTRODUCTION
You may check on the instructions in the calendar or activities what you are asked to
write in this section of your report. Boiling point temperature at which the pressure exerted by
the surroundings upon a liquid is equalled by the vapour pressure of the liquid; under this
condition, addition of heat results in the transformation of the liquid into its vapour without
raising the temperature (Augustyn, 2020). Different liquids have different point due to its
intermolecular forces in which most polar compound could have a higher boiling point than to
less polar. Melting point temperature at which the solid and liquid forms of a pure substance can
exist in equilibrium (Augustyn, 2020). Melting point in a simple word a transformation of a solid
compound into liquid because of the presence of applying heat to the compound as same as the
boiling point higher melting point is the result of a high polar compound.
There’s two experiments happen here one is determining the boiling point of Toluene
(C7H8) sample which is a clear liquid and has big molecule compare to water and is known to
have a 100° C of boiling point, as one factor that affects the boiling point is molar mass of a
compound which is directly proportional to the boiling point which means toluene has more
mass than water so it can be expected that it can have a higher boiling point than water. On the
other experiment is determining the melting point of Naphthalene (C10H8), Naphthalene is a
polar compound. The compound sublimes (turns from a solid to gas) slowly at the room
temperature (Cengage, 2018). In the statement the disregard the sublimation of the compound
and focus on the solid state at room temperature which well to have a 1°-30°C of temperature it
which in that statement states that the naphthalene have a melting point more than 1°-30°C.
Objectives of the Study

The main objective of the experiment is to melt and boil the sample. The experiment also
addressed the specific objectives:
1. ) Determine the boiling and melting point of the given sample
2. ) Prove the statement that toluene has higher boiling point than water and
naphthalene has a higher boiling point than 1°-30°C
3. ) Calculate the percent error of the experiment using the accepted value of boiling
and melting point of a certain sample
METHODOLOGY
In this is to discuss the process of doing the experiment and how to get the data. On Fig,1
where it was a schematic diagram of a determination of boiling point of the toluene sample, and
of Fig.2 where it was a schematic diagram of a determination of melting point of the naphthalene
sample.
1. Determination of Boiling Point of Toluene Sample

In this experiment is to determine the boiling point of the sample by preparing some important
materials like 100mL Beaker, test-tube rack, test-tube, thermometer, capillary tube 5-6cm, rubber
band, stirrer, dropper, stirrer, iron stand with clamp, Bunsen burner and hot plate. Prepare liquid
paraffin and the sample toluene. Base the Fig.1 below to guide how procedure of the experiment
has been done.
1.1 Preparing of Sample

Prepare the test tube and the sample that want to be determined the boiling point, get some
sample by using the dropper and place a 2/3 filled amount of sample to the test tube.
1.2 Set-up for Boiling Point Test of the Sample

Place thermometer on the side of the test using rubber band and make sure that the rubber band
must be placed and tightened near on the opening of the test tube. Take the 100mL of beaker and
pour a paraffin liquid into it and served as the liquid bath. Paraffin oil is used in this experiment
because it has a very high boiling point and so it can be used to maintain high temperatures in the
boiling point apparatus without loss of the substance (Vasandi, 2014). Place the beaker with
liquid bath on the hot plate and above to it install the thermometer with test-tube with sample on
side and carefully putting it on the liquid bath and avoid touching the bulb and the bottom of the
test-tube into the surface of the beaker to avoid any cause of error or unwanted reading of
temperature. Take the capillary tube and heated up in blue flame of bunsen burner and dip it
inside the sample in test-tube.
1.3 Start Heating-Up and Test of Boiling Point of the Sample
Heat up the hot plate and use stirrer to stir the liquid bath gently and slowly to ensure uniform
heating. The air trapped in the capillary tube expands and that cause that there is a presence of air
bubbles coming out from the capillary tube with further heating rapid of air bubbles can be seen
it is because, the compound’s vapours eventually displace all the air trapped, which is why heat
is applied until there is a continuous stream of bubbles (Nichols, 2021). Record the temperature
and label it as T1 also known as initial temperature and in the experiment it was recorded to have
a 118°C of temperature after recording stop the heating and wait that there’s no bubble coming
out on the capillary tube after that record the temperature again and label it as T2 which means
final temperature and the recorded data in the experiment is 104°C. End the experiment and the
data gathered can be used to get the mean of the temperature.
Fig. 1 Schematic Diagram of Determination of Boiling Point of Toluene
Preparing of Sample (Toluene)
-Put 2/3 of full of sample on the rest tube
Set-up for Boiling Point test of the Sample
-Place thermometer on the side of the test tube with

sample using rubber band and make sure the
bulb is equally on the adjacent of the bottom part of
the test tube.
-Take 100mL beaker half filled of paraffin liquid.
-Place the beaker on the hot plate
-Clamp the thermometer along with test tube with
sample and place it on the liquid bath
without touching the surface of the beaker
and make sure the rubber band is not taking
any contact of the liquid bath
-Take capillary tube and seal one end
-Heat up with blue flame of Bunsen burner the
capillary tube.
-Place the capillary tube inside the test tube and dip
it in the sample inside the test tube.
Start Heating-Up and Test of Boiling Point of the Sample
-Stir the bath gently and slowly using stirrers
-Rapid of air bubbles coming out on the capillary
tube can be seen and record the temperature and
label it as T1.
-Stop heating
-When there is no air bubbles coming out from the
capillary tube then record the temperature and label
it as T2.
End of Experiment
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
You may check on the instructions in the calendar or activities what you are asked to
write in this section of your report.
REFERENCES
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Activity No.

Melting Point and Boiling Point Determnination

ROSTEM JAN SELWYN B. ARDA

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CHEMISTRY

Objectives of the Study

1. Determination of Boiling Point of Toluene Sample

1.1 Preparing of Sample

1.2 Set-up for Boiling Point Test of the Sample

Preparing of Sample (Toluene)

-Put 2/3 of full of sample on the rest tube

Set-up for Boiling Point test of the Sample

-Place thermometer on the side of the test tube with

 Use the APA format in indicating your references.

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