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    Ester

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    Cyrisse MONTANO
    Esters are organic compounds formed from an acid and alcohol. They have lower boiling points than related compounds and undergo hydrolysis. There are simple esters like methyl acetate and more complex esters like glyceryl triacetate. Esters can be naturally occurring, providing scents, or synthetic and used in plastics, flavors, fragrances and more. They are named with the alcohol-derived element followed by -oate, such as ethyl propanoate. Esters are prepared through esterification reactions between carboxylic acids and alcohols.

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    Ester

    Uploaded by

    Cyrisse MONTANO
    23 views2 pages
    Esters are organic compounds formed from an acid and alcohol. They have lower boiling points than related compounds and undergo hydrolysis. There are simple esters like methyl acetate and more complex esters like glyceryl triacetate. Esters can be naturally occurring, providing scents, or synthetic and used in plastics, flavors, fragrances and more. They are named with the alcohol-derived element followed by -oate, such as ethyl propanoate. Esters are prepared through esterification reactions between carboxylic acids and alcohols.

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    Esters are organic compounds formed from an acid and alcohol. They have lower boiling points than related compounds and undergo hydrolysis. There are simple esters like methyl acetate and more complex esters like glyceryl triacetate. Esters can be naturally occurring, providing scents, or synthetic and used in plastics, flavors, fragrances and more. They are named with the alcohol-derived element followed by -oate, such as ethyl propanoate. Esters are prepared through esterification reactions between carboxylic acids and alcohols.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views2 pages

    Ester

    Uploaded by

    Cyrisse MONTANO
    Esters are organic compounds formed from an acid and alcohol. They have lower boiling points than related compounds and undergo hydrolysis. There are simple esters like methyl acetate and more complex esters like glyceryl triacetate. Esters can be naturally occurring, providing scents, or synthetic and used in plastics, flavors, fragrances and more. They are named with the alcohol-derived element followed by -oate, such as ethyl propanoate. Esters are prepared through esterification reactions between carboxylic acids and alcohols.

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    ESTER

    1. Classification
    ● A class of organic compounds that react with water to produce alcohols and
    organic or inorganic acids.

    STRUCTURE: ● Simple Esters - e.g., methyl acetate


    ● Complex Esters - e.g., glyceryl triacetate

    SOURCE: ● Natural Esters - e.g., isoamyl acetate (banana aroma), ethyl


    hexanoate (apple aroma).
    ● Synthetic Esters- e.g., ethyl benzoate, butyl acetate

    ● Hydrolyzable - Break down into original carboxylic acid and alcohol components
    through hydrolysis with water and a catalyst.
    ● Non-hydrolyzable - Resistant to hydrolysis under normal conditions.

    USAGE-BASED: Flavor and Fragrance, Plasticizer, Solvent, Pharmaceutical, Industrial

    2. Description

    ● A chemical compound formed when an acid reacts with alcohol. An ester is


    named by combining the name of an alcohol - derived element with the name
    of the acid - derived element.

    3. Physical and chemical properties


    ● Odor - Esters are known for their characteristic pleasant and fruity odors, which
    often resemble the smells of fruits or flowers.
    ● Boiling Point - Generally have lower boiling points compared to other organic
    compounds such as alcohols or carboxylic acids.
    ● Hydrolysis - Undergo reactions in the presence of water or aqueous solutions of
    acids or bases.
    ● Density - Esters have lower densities than water, meaning they float on the surface
    of water.
    ● Color - Esters are typically colorless, but some can have a slight yellowish tint.

    4. 3 examples of Ester, Uses, Nomenclature (IUPAC)


    Nomenclature of Esters (IUPAC)
    The group name of the alkyl or aryl portion [from the alcohol] is given first and is followed
    by the name of the acid portion [carbon double bonded with oxygen]. As per the
    recommendation of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC),
    esters nomenclature will have the suffix -oate.
    Examples of esters and their uses
    Ester (IUPAC Name) Uses

    Ethyl propanoate Used in perfumery and fragrance

    Propyl methanoate Used as a flavoring agent

    Methyl butanoate Used as a solvent, fragrance, and flavoring agent

    5. Preparation

    ● Esterification is a process or a general name for a chemical reaction, in which two


    reactants (alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product.
    ● Esters are carboxylic acid derivatives with -COOR as a functional group, in which
    the -OH group of the carboxylic acid is replaced by the -OR group.

    Method 1: Making Esters using of carboxylic acids with alcohols


    Esters are formed when carboxylic acids are heated with alcohol in the presence
    of an acid catalyst, typically concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4). So, for example,
    if you were making methyl propanoate from propanoic acid (C 2H5COOH) and
    methano (CH3OH )l, the equation would be:

    +
    Method 2: Making Esters Using Acyl Chlorides (Acid Chlorides)

    Acid chlorides can easily be converted into esters by reacting with alcohols. A
    base such as pyridine is usually added to speed up the process by deprotonating
    the positively charged intermediate:

    6. Simple reactions equation form


    Esterification
    - a reaction in which a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, heated in the presence of
    a mineral acid catalyst, form an ester and water

    Carboxylic Acid Alcohol Ester Water (byproduct)

    Saponification
    - the hydrolysis of an ester to form an alcohol and the salt of a carboxylic acid in
    acidic or essential conditions.

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