Summary Maths General-1

HSC
Topic Formula & Content
Rates & Ratios
Converting a 1. Write the rate as a fraction. First quantity is the numerator and 1 is the
Rate denominator.
2. Convert the first amount to the required unit.
3. Convert the second amount to the required unit.
4. Simplify the fraction.
E.g 55200 m/h to m/min ➔ 55200/60 ➔ 920m/min
Speed
Maximum MHR= 220 - Age

Heart Rate
Energy Rate 1kW = 1000W

E.g a 200W television for 20 hours ➔ 0.2kW × 20hrs = 4 kWh ➔ Cost = 4 × 0.21
= $0.84
Fuel Fuel consumption = Amount of fuel (L) × 100

Consumption Distance travelled
Rate A car travelled 850 km using 78.2 L of petrol ➔ 78.2x100/850 = 9.2L/100km
Dividing a Mikhail and Ilya were given $450 to share in the ratio 4:5. How much did each
Quantity into get?
a Ratio 1. Calculate the total number of parts by adding each amount in the ratio (4
parts to 5 parts).
2. Divide the quantity ($450) by the total number of parts (9 parts) to
determine the value of one part.
3. Multiply each amount of the ratio by the result in step 2 or $50.
Mikhail got $200, Ilya got $250
Scale Scale of a drawing = Drawing length:Actual length

Drawings
A scale drawing has a scale of 1:50.
a) Find the actual length if the drawing length is 30mm. Answer to the nearest
centimetre
b) Find the drawing length if the actual length is 4.5m. Answer to the nearest
millimetre.
1. Multiply the drawing length by 50 to determine the actual length.

2. Divide by 10 to change millimetres to centimetres.
3. Divide the actual length by 50 to determine the drawing length.
4. Multiply by 1000 to change metres to millimetres.
Actual length = 30 × 50 mm
= 1500 mm
= 150 cm
Drawing length = 4.5 ÷ 50 m

= 0.09 m
= 90 mm
Plans & A plan is a view of an object from the top.

Elevations An elevation is a view of an object from one side, such as a front elevation or side
elevation.
Perimeter, Perimeter: to calculate the perimeter of land, multiply the length on the aerial
Area & photograph by the scale.
Volume Area: to estimate the area of land, divide it into square grids and count the number
of squares.
Volume: If water covers an area (such as the bottom of a pool), to a constant depth,
its
volume can be calculated using V = Ah
Trapezoidal rule:
Network Concepts
Network A network diagram is a representation of a group of vertices that are connected

together by lines.
 Vertex
 Edge
 Degree of vertices
 Loop
Travelling a  Walk: places CAN be repeated & paths CAN be repeated

Network  Trail: places CAN be repeated & paths CANNOT be repeated.
 Circut: trail but starts & ends at same place
 Path: places CANNOT be repeated & paths CANNOT be repeated
 Cycle: path but starts & ends at same place
Isomorphic Two graphs are isomorphic if:

Graphs  They have the same numbers of edges and vertices
 Corresponding vertices have the same degree and the edges connect to the
same vertices.
Minimum A minimum spanning tree is a spanning tree of minimum length. It connects all the
Spanning vertices together with the minimum total weighting for the edges.
Tree Prim’s algorithm:
1. Choose a starting vertex.
2. Inspect the edges starting from the starting vertex and choose the one with
the lowest weight.
3. Choose the next edge with the lowest weight, ignoring edges that would
connect the tree back to itself.
Shortest Path Travelling from one point to another using the shortest possible weightings (don’t
have to travel to all vertices like minimum spanning tree, just has to get from start
to finish)
Critical Path To get the Earliest Start Time (EST) AKA FORWARD SCANNING:
Analysis 1. Start at the beginning
2. When there are two or more edges pick the one with the longest time
To get the Latest Start Time (LST) AKA BACKWARDS SCANNING:

1. Start at the finish
2. If there is only one edge connecting, subtract from finish time
3. This continues until a vertex with two edges is reached.
4. Always choose the smallest value
How to analyse a network:

1. Do a forward scan. This allows you to get the Earliest Completion Time,
so that all activities are completed for the project.
2. As you do the forward scan, mark in the Critical Path, with a highlighter.
3. Fill in float times for the critical path.
4. Perform a backward scan.
5. Fill in the float times for the other activities.
Investments & Loans
Future Value FV=PV(1+r)n

➔ used to calculate compound interest, future value, appreciation/inflation
Simple I=PRN
Interest I= interest
P= principle
R= rate
N= number of days/years
Shares & A dividend is a payment given as an amount per share or a percentage of the
Dividends issued price.
Dividend yield = Annual dividend
Market price × 100%
Dividend = Dividend yield × Market price
Declining S = Vo(1 − r)n

Balance S = salvage value (how much you can sell it for)
Depreciation Vo = what you bought it for
r = rate
n= number of days/years
Reducing Total to be paid = Loan payment × Number of repayments

Balance Total to be paid = Principle + Interest
Loans
Credit Cards Daily interest rate = Annual interest rate

365
To find interest charged: FV = PV(1 + r)n
*n in days including first day
Non-Right-Angled Trigonometry
Right Angled SOHCAHTOA

Trigonometry Pythagoras theorem= c2=a2+b2
SHIFT FOR ANGLE
Angles of
Elevation &
Depression
USE SOHCAHTOA
Compass &
True Bearings
Compass Bearing:
A direction given by stating the angle either side of north or south, such as S60°E.
True Bearing:
A direction given by measuring the angle clockwise from north to the required
direction,
such as 120°T.
Area of a
Triangle
A = 1/2ab sin C
Sine Rule a b.
sin A = sin B
SHIFT FOR ANGLE
 2 sides & angle in between
Cosine Rule Finding a side:

c2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab cos C
Finding an angle:
cos C = a2 + b2 − c2
2ab
SHIFT FOR ANGLE
 Need three sides OR two sides and an angle
Radial Survey (left this blank cause it still kinda confuses me lol sorry i’ll update it if i figure it
out)
Simultaneous Linear Equations
Linear A linear function makes a straight line when graphed on a number plane. ➔ table
Functions of values
Gradient-
Intercept
Formula
y = mx + c
mx = gradient
c = y-intercept
Gradient = RISE OVER RUN
Break-Even Break-even point occurs when costs equals income.

Analysis Profit = Income - Costs
Income: I = mx
Costs: C = mx + c
Bivariate Data Analysis
Pearson's On a calculator:
Correlation 1. Mode 2
Coefficient 2. Select 2:A + BX and enter the data.
3. Press AC
4. SHIFT STAT (1)
5. Select Reg and then r to view the results
Annuities
Calculating Annuity is a form of investment that involves the regular contribution of money.
annuities Investments into superannuation or a monthly loan repayment are examples of
annuities.
Using a table provided…
Quarterly = divided by 4
Half yearly/biannually = divided by 2
Non-Linear Relationships
Exponential
Models
Exponential growth:
Exponential decay:
Parabola A basic parabola has:

 The equation y = x2
 The vertex (or turning point) is (0, 0)
 It is a minimum turning point
 Axis of symmetry is x = 0 (the y-axis)
 y-intercept is 0 and x-intercept is 0
The Normal Distribution
Define A normal distribution has the same mean, mode and median. It is symmetrical
about the mean.
Standard For a normal distribution, approximately:

Deviation  68% of data lie within one standard deviation of the mean
 95% of data lie within two standard deviations of the mean
 99.7% of data lie within three standard deviations of the mean
Z-Scores Z-scores can range from -3 to 3.

Z-score is the number of standard deviations the score is from the mean: z = x − x̃
s
x = score/mark
x̃ = mean of the set of scores
s = standard deviation
To find a score from a z-score:

x = x̃ + z × s
x = score/mark
x̃ = mean of the set of scores
s = standard deviation
z = z-score

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HSC

Topic Formula & Content

Rates & Ratios

E.g 55200 m/h to m/min ➔ 55200/60 ➔ 920m/min

Maximum MHR= 220 - Age

Energy Rate 1kW = 1000W

Fuel Fuel consumption = Amount of fuel (L) × 100

Scale Scale of a drawing = Drawing length:Actual length

1. Multiply the drawing length by 50 to determine the actual length.

Drawing length = 4.5 ÷ 50 m

Plans & A plan is a view of an object from the top.

Network A network diagram is a representation of a group of vertices that are connected

Travelling a  Walk: places CAN be repeated & paths CAN be repeated

Isomorphic Two graphs are isomorphic if:

To get the Latest Start Time (LST) AKA BACKWARDS SCANNING:

How to analyse a network:

Investments & Loans

Future Value FV=PV(1+r)n

Declining S = Vo(1 − r)n

Reducing Total to be paid = Loan payment × Number of repayments

Credit Cards Daily interest rate = Annual interest rate

Right Angled SOHCAHTOA

Cosine Rule Finding a side:

Simultaneous Linear Equations

Gradient = RISE OVER RUN

Break-Even Break-even point occurs when costs equals income.

Bivariate Data Analysis

Parabola A basic parabola has:

The Normal Distribution

about the mean.

Standard For a normal distribution, approximately:

Z-Scores Z-scores can range from -3 to 3.

To find a score from a z-score:

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