Electrocardiogram

ELECTROCARDIOG PROPERTIES OF CARDIAC MUSCLE
RAM 1. Rhythmicity
-ability to contract at a regular timing
-aka EKG 4 PHASES
-measures electrical impulse of the heart  Stimulation
-Willem Einthoven (1893), meeting the dutch medical  Transmission
society  Contraction
-6 LEAD ECG does not include chest  Relaxation
-12 LEAD ECG (1942)
-unipolar lead 1942 resulted to advancement of the 12- 2. Contractility
LEAD ECG -ability to contract (make each cell shorter or
longer) in response to stimuli
Dextrocardia – apex part of the heart points to the
right. The heart is positioned on the right side of the 3. Automacity
chest instead of its normal position on the left side -pacemaker ability
-ability to pace or to spontaneously initiate or
WHY TAKE ECG propagate an action potential
 Chest pain/discomfort
 SOB 4. Excitability
 Nausea -to respond to stimuli with the strongest possible
 Weakness contraction or none at all
 When food poisoned -influenced by: hormonal, nutritional balance,
 Palpitation adequacy of O2 supply, drug therapy, and product
 Anxiety of infection
 Abdominal Pain 5. Refractoriness
 Fainting -ability of the Myocardiogram to prevent from
responding to a new stimuli
HEART 6. Extensibility
- Main organ monitored -stretched during diastole as the heart fills with
- 4 chambers (Atria & Ventricles) blood
o Atria – receives blood -the longer the fiber, the more or stronger
o Ventricles – pumps blood contraction
*right-oxygenated *Left-deoxygenated 7. Conductivity
-heart muscle fibers to conduct or transmit
 SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE electrical impulse to the next cell
When ventricles contract
 DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE 12-LEAD ECG
When ventricles starts to refill, pressure in arteries  LIMB LEADS (6-LEAD)
decrease simultaneously the atria contract creating *remember your great boyfriend
pressure  RA: Red right arm
 LA: Yellow left arm
VAGUS NERVE/10th CRANIAL NERVE  LL: green left leg
-informs/commands heart to pump  RL: Black R leg- no reading
-sends electrical impulse/vagal stimulation/
BIPOLAR STANDARD LIMB LEADS
1. SA node – stimulation causes atria to contract -leads 1, II, III
2. Internodal tracts -augmemented unipolar leads
3. AV Node – depolarization -leads aVR ( L to R), a VL, aVF (all right)
4. Bundle of his – contracts septum ( divides heart L&R)
5. Bundle of branches UNIPOLAR PRECORDIAL LEADS/CHEST LEADS
6. Purkinji Fibers  V1 – Red 4th ICS Right sternal border
 V2 – Yellow 4th ICS Left sternal border
 V3 – Green midway b/n V2 & V4
 V4 – brown 5th ICS Left Mid clavicular space THE WAVAFORMS
 V5 – black, left axillary line, lateral and  P-wave
horizontal to V4 - Atrial depolarization (contraction)
 V6 – Violet, Horizontal to V5, middle of axilla - Upon SA stimulation
- SA node product
Note: when putting ECG, Px should be still and free of
metal  Q-wave
- Septum depolarization
ROLE OF ECG MACHINE - Product of AV node
-recognize & record electrical activities in the heart
-prints out in ECG paper made of small boxes  R-wave
- Ventricular depolarization
.04 - Bundle fibers/branches
Amplitude -
measured 0.2 s
 S-wave
in millivolts - Purkinji fibers depolarization
1s
 T-wave
Duration/Time - Ventricular repolarization
 One small box – 0.04 s, 0.1 mv ST SEGMENT

 1 large box (5 small box) – 0.2 s, 0.5 mv - Flat line, where there is no contraction at end of
QRS complex and beginning of T wave
 5 large box – 1 s, 1 millivolt
- Key indicator of myocardial ischemia & necrosis if it
goes up or down
AMPLITUDES
 P-WAVES – result by contraction of the atria
-1 small square, 0.1 mv  STEMI (ST-segment elevation myocardial
infarction)
 Q-WAVES
-amplitude < 0.1 mv - minor artery of the heart is completely
blocked or a major artery of the heart is
Note: Normal conduction 0.52 to 0.65 seconds partially blocked
 NSTEMI (Non-ST-segment elevated myocardial
SINUS RHYTHM infarction/ischemia)
- Normal rhythm of heart where electrical stimuli are - “classic” heart attack
initiated in the SA node, AV node, Bundle of his
- QRS complex, complete, repolarization and Note: released when heart is damaged
depolarization of atria and ventricles
PR SEGMENT
-b/n end of P wave and beginning of Q wave, line is flat
-indicates AV blocks
-represents AV node conduction
PR INTERVAL
-
SINUS BRADYCARDIA – prolonged ST segment

SINUS TACHYCARDIA – shortening ST segment

Electrocardiogram

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Electrocardiogram

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Electrocardiogram

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ELECTROCARDIOG PROPERTIES OF CARDIAC MUSCLE

 One small box – 0.04 s, 0.1 mv ST SEGMENT

SINUS BRADYCARDIA – prolonged ST segment

You might also like