Cambridge Assessment International Education

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

TRAVEL & TOURISM 0471/11

Paper 1 Core Module May/June 2018
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 100

Published

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of
the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not
indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began,
which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner
Report for Teachers.

Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2018 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components,
and some Cambridge O Level components.

IGCSE™ is a registered trademark.

This document consists of 12 printed pages.

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Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers.
They should be applied alongside the specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors
for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit
is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme,
referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these
features are specifically assessed by the question as indicated by the mark scheme. The
meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed
instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question
(however; the use of the full mark range may be limited according to the quality of the candidate
responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should
not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors in mind.

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Question Answer Marks

1(a) Refer to Fig. 1 (Insert), information about shopping as a reason for 4

travel.

Identify the following:

Award one mark for each correct identification

• the number of international tourists to NYC: 10 million

• the amount spent on shopping: $8 billion/25 cents in every dollar
• the continent that NYC is in: North America
• the amount of sales taxes generated from shopping per year:
$750 million

1(b) State the three main reasons for travel. 3

Award one mark for each correct identification

• Leisure
• Business
• Visiting friends and relatives

Accept these responses only

1(c) Describe three services that hotels might provide for shopping 6
tourists.

Award one mark for the correct identification of a service and award a
second mark for appropriate descriptive comment of the service.

• Information/Leaflets/brochures in rooms/lobby [1] info on local

shopping facilities [1]
• Hotel shop [1] purchase souvenirs and local specialities [1]
• Shuttle bus to shopping area [1] free/cheap [1] easy [1] door to
door [1]
• Concierge/staff guidance/advice [1] recommendations [1]

Do not allow repetition of information

1(d) Explain three ways that national governments can encourage the 6
growth of tourism.

Award one mark for the correct identification of a way and award a second
mark for appropriate explanatory development of the way in context.

• Develop a tourism policy [1] plan for

control/administration/support/management of tourism [1]
• Highlight areas for development [1] development planning [1]
• Laws [1] protection for tourists and locals [1]
• Fund NTOs [1] support and develop the industry [1] implement
government goals for tourism [1]

Credit all valid responses in context

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Question Answer Marks

1(e) Discuss the possible positive social and cultural impacts associated 6
with selling traditional arts and crafts as souvenirs.

Indicative content:
• Preservation of crafts – skills of making souvenirs
• Increased cultural understanding – educate as produce
• Cultural pride
• Renaissance of arts/crafts

Context must be social and cultural

Level 1 (1–2 marks) will identify up to two positive social/cultural impacts

providing some detail within the context but will be mainly descriptive
Level 2 (3–4 marks) can be awarded for an explanation clearly indicating
how the positive social/cultural impact affect the local
population/country/culture
Level 3 (5–6 marks) can be awarded for discussion of the
significance/importance of the positive social/cultural impact. Better answers
will have a reasoned conclusion.

Creating and selling souvenirs for tourists can result in traditional crafts and
skills being preserved [L1] and being passed down from generation to
generation [L1]. Not only does this preserve skills but it can increase the
perceived value of the traditional skills/crafts within the community [L2]
young people may remain within the community and produce these
souvenirs therefore minimising changes in family structures [L3]. The local
community can take pride in their arts and crafts [L1] often producing them
in front of the tourists explaining the skills and traditions behind the items
[L2]. Therefore increasing cultural understanding and interaction between
the tourist and the host population [L3]. In my opinion the most important
positive impact is, when carefully managed, these arts and crafts are
preserved for future generations [L3] contributing towards the survival of the
culture. [L3]

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Question Answer Marks

2(a) Refer to Fig. 2 (Insert), information about tourism in Japan. 4

Identify the following:

Award one mark for each correct identification

• the capital of Japan: Tokyo

• the name of the sea located north and west of Japan: Sea of
Japan
• if local time in Japan is ahead of or behind London, UK: ahead
• the number of inbound tourists to Japan: 19.7 million

2(b) Tourists can travel to Japan independently or as part of a package 4

holiday.

Describe the chain of distribution between tour operators and travel

agents.

Award one mark for the correct identification of a connection and award a
second mark for descriptive comment of the connection.

• Tour operators purchase the raw materials (transport,

accommodation, transfers) [1] put together into various package
holidays [1] sell them onto travel agent [1] travel agent sells on to
the tourist [1]
• Some tour operators now sell their packages directly to customers
[1] as a result of ecommerce/selling on internet [1]
• Vertical integration [1] has resulted in some tour operators also
having a travel agency [1]

Credit all valid responses in context

2(c) Describe how an increase in inbound tourism may lead to an increase 3

in import leakage.

Award one mark for the correct identification of a way and award a second
and third mark for further descriptive comment in context.

• Inbound tourist may demand food/drink that will need to be

imported [1] economic gain goes to country imported from [1] rather
benefit than local economy [1]

Credit all valid responses in context

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Question Answer Marks

2(d) Explain three roles of national tourism organisations such as the 6

Japan National Tourism Organisation (JNTO).

Award one mark for the correct identification of a role and award a second
mark for appropriate explanatory development of the role.

• Marketing/offices in other countries [1] raising awareness [1]

• Research the tourism trends [1] provide data to guide
government/business decision making [1]
• Provide information [1] stimulate tourism [1]
• Work with governments/ministry [1] develop
tourism/legislation/support service/funding [1]

Focus for this question is the roles, do not allow repetition of these roles
when awarding marks

2(e) State two services that tour operators provide for their customers 2
when at a destination.

Award one mark for each correct identification

• Provide a Resort Representative

• Support tourists in resort/sell tours/problem solve/transfer tourists
to airport
• Provide information through rep/information board
• Advice for enjoying holiday/resort/departure information

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Question Answer Marks

2(f) Assess the likely factors that have contributed to the growth of 6
inbound tourism in Japan.

Indicative content:
• War and terrorism elsewhere – perceived safer
• Growth in cultural tourism
• Increase in personal wealth in Asia – can afford more travel
• Currency depreciation – more affordable
• Visa rules relaxed

Credit all valid responses in context

Level 1 (1–2 marks) will identify up to two likely factors, providing some
detail but will be mainly descriptive
Level 2 (3–4 marks) can be awarded for an explanation of the factor,
clearly indicating how this creates a growth in inbound tourism.
Level 3 (5–6 marks) can be awarded for assessment of the
significance/importance of factor. Better answers will have a reasoned
conclusion

Japan has seen good growth in inbound tourism; this could be because of
perceived risk of travelling in other countries due to terrorism, [L1] making
Japan more appealing [L2]. Cultural tourism is a growth sector of the
industry [L1] Japan has a unique culture that draws tourists from all over the
world [L2]. I think that there isn’t one reason for the growth of tourism in
Japan it is due to a number of factors. However, the increased interest in
cultural tourism is one significant factor [L3].

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Question Answer Marks

3(a) Refer to Photograph A (Insert), a member of cabin crew demonstrating 3

safety procedures.

State three ways passengers onboard an aircraft are given safety

instructions.

Award one mark for each correct identification

• Presentation by flight attendant

• TV screens
• Information card/booklet in seats
• Signs/notices

3(b) Explain one benefit to passengers of each of the following inflight 4

services:

Award one mark for the correct identification of the benefit and award a
second mark for descriptive comment of the benefit in context

duty free shopping

• Don’t miss out on buying duty free [1] rushed check-in/journey
through airport [1] business tourists in a rush/time constrained [1]
• Last minute gifts [1] can buy games for children for the journey [1]
inflight magazine
• Entertainment [1] pass the time [1]
• Read about the destination [1] advice on places to go [1]

Credit all valid responses in context

3(c) Describe one service that airlines provide inflight for passengers with 6
the following needs:

Award one mark for the correct identification of a way and award a second
mark for descriptive comment of the way in context

travelling with young children

• Games/colouring [1] keep children entertained [1]
• Children’s films [1] help pass the time [1]
hearing difficulties
• Safety procedure cards in seat pocket [1] read if can’t hear safety
demonstration [1]
• Flight attendant aware [1] adapt communication to suit e.g. slow
clear speech for lip reading/use of information cards or inflight
magazine to show [1]
dietary needs
• Customers can order special meal prior to flying [1] such as
vegetarian options [1]
• Ingredients and allergy information available [1] tourists can check
if food is okay for them [1]

Credit all valid responses in context

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Question Answer Marks

3(d) When arriving at an airport passengers may need to use connecting 6

transport to get to their final destination.

Explain the benefit to international tourists of each of the following

methods of transport found at airports:

Award one mark for the correct identification of a benefit and award a
second mark for appropriate explanatory development of the benefit

taxi
• Door to door service [1] convenient [1] know directions/route [1]
• Comfortable [1] room to stretch out after flight [1]
• Individual/no need to share with others [1] space to work/make
calls in private
train
• Inexpensive [1] no luggage/suitcase charge [1] cheaper than taxi
[1]
• Regular service [1] limited waiting time [1]
• Straight into city [1] no transfers [1] convenient [1]
local bus service
• Cheaper [1] good for budget travellers [1] save money to use on
enjoyment/attractions/food [1]
• Authentic experience [1] mix with locals [1]
• Regular service from airport [1] no luggage limits [1] limited waiting
time [1]

Credit all valid responses in context

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Question Answer Marks

3(e) Discuss the services provided by airlines for pilgrim tourists. 6

Indicative content:
• Charter flights
• Special meals in flight e.g. halal
• Appropriate uniform
• Prayers on departure, during and landing
• Privacy for prayers if appropriate/possible/safe

Credit all valid responses in the context of airlines, not airports

Level 1 (1–2 marks) will identify up to two valid services, providing some
detail but will be mainly descriptive
Level 2 (3–4 marks) can be awarded for an explanation of the reason for
providing the air service
Level 3 (5–6 marks) can be awarded for discussion of the
significance/importance of particular services. Better answers will have a
reasoned conclusion

Airlines will provide for pilgrims by having meals that comply with
passengers religious requirements e.g. halal [L1] passengers can be
confident that they can travel and still continue their religious practices [L2]
Airlines may also charter their services to tour operators organising pilgrims
holidays/packages [L1] passengers can travel in comfort with like-minded
pilgrims [L2] and continue their prayers with ease/no disruption [L2] Airlines
have to comply with international safety standards throughout their services
and providing space for prayer may not always be possible on regular flights
[L2] therefore charter flights are often the most appealing option for pilgrims
[L3] so that their pilgrim and religious practices are not disrupted due to the
flight [L3]

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Question Answer Marks

4(a) Identify four services being offered by the travel agency. 4

Award one mark for each correct identification

• Tours
• Currency exchange
• Transport booking/tickets (flight, train, coach/bus)
• Visa extension
• Information

4(b) State three ways that travel agents can provide information for their 3
customers.

Award one mark for each correct identification

• Brochures
• Leaflets
• Posters
• Internet
• Face to face
• Email

Credit all valid responses in context

4(c) Travel agents sell many different products which appeal to different 6
types of tourists.

Describe the following products offered by travel agents:

Award one mark for the correct identification of a characteristic and award a
second mark for descriptive comment of the characteristic in context

package holiday
• Transport and accommodation sold together [1] convenient [1]
• Support from tour operator when in resort [1] tour rep [1]
travel insurance
• Provide financial protection/support for the tourist in the event of a
loss/injury [1] provides comfort/reassurance [1]
airport transfer
• Transport to the airport [1] independent travel [1] more convenient
that public transport [1]

Credit all valid responses in context

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Question Answer Marks

4(d) Tourists can book tours in many different ways. 6

Explain three likely reasons why tourists might use a local travel agent
at their destination to book a tour.

Award one mark for the correct identification of a reason and award a
second mark for appropriate explanatory development of the reason in
context

• More choice [1] find the most suitable tour [1]

• Book with local company [1] responsible tourist [1] minimise
leakage [1]
• Recommendations [1] local knowledge [1]

Credit all valid responses in context

4(e) Assess the importance to travel agents of selling ancillary services. 6

Indicative content:
• Customer satisfaction
• One stop shop – convenient
• Providing for customer needs
• Additional revenue
• Differentiate from competitors

Credit all valid responses in context

Level 1 (1–2 marks) will identify up to two valid reasons, providing some
detail but will be mainly descriptive
Level 2 (3–4 marks) can be awarded for an explanation of the reason,
clearly indicating how the travel agent would benefit
Level 3 (5–6 marks) can be awarded for assessment of the
significance/importance of particular reason. Better answers will have a
reasoned conclusion

Travel agents sell ancillary services so as to provide for their customers [L1]
customers can buy everything in one place [L1] meeting their customers’
needs [L2] which in turn will bring customer satisfaction [L1] tourists can
have an easy travel experience, enjoy their holiday and use the travel
agency again or maybe even recommend then to someone else [L2]. This
should ensure that the travel agency is successful [L3].

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