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    Chapter 11 Malaysia

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    Alicia Lizardo
    The document provides a summary of the history and geography of Malaysia. It describes Malaysia as consisting of 13 states located on the Malay Peninsula and northern Borneo with a total area of 127,316 square miles. It then summarizes the country's early history under various Malay kingdoms and empires, its colonization by European powers like Portugal and the Netherlands, Japanese occupation during World War 2, independence from Britain in 1957, and establishment of the Federation of Malaysia in 1963 which included Singapore initially. It concludes with notes on racial riots that occurred in 1969 between Malay and Chinese populations.

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    Chapter 11 Malaysia

    Uploaded by

    Alicia Lizardo
    16 views17 pages
    The document provides a summary of the history and geography of Malaysia. It describes Malaysia as consisting of 13 states located on the Malay Peninsula and northern Borneo with a total area of 127,316 square miles. It then summarizes the country's early history under various Malay kingdoms and empires, its colonization by European powers like Portugal and the Netherlands, Japanese occupation during World War 2, independence from Britain in 1957, and establishment of the Federation of Malaysia in 1963 which included Singapore initially. It concludes with notes on racial riots that occurred in 1969 between Malay and Chinese populations.

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    The document provides a summary of the history and geography of Malaysia. It describes Malaysia as consisting of 13 states located on the Malay Peninsula and northern Borneo with a total area of 127,316 square miles. It then summarizes the country's early history under various Malay kingdoms and empires, its colonization by European powers like Portugal and the Netherlands, Japanese occupation during World War 2, independence from Britain in 1957, and establishment of the Federation of Malaysia in 1963 which included Singapore initially. It concludes with notes on racial riots that occurred in 1969 between Malay and Chinese populations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views17 pages

    Chapter 11 Malaysia

    Uploaded by

    Alicia Lizardo
    The document provides a summary of the history and geography of Malaysia. It describes Malaysia as consisting of 13 states located on the Malay Peninsula and northern Borneo with a total area of 127,316 square miles. It then summarizes the country's early history under various Malay kingdoms and empires, its colonization by European powers like Portugal and the Netherlands, Japanese occupation during World War 2, independence from Britain in 1957, and establishment of the Federation of Malaysia in 1963 which included Singapore initially. It concludes with notes on racial riots that occurred in 1969 between Malay and Chinese populations.

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    Chapter X

    Federation Of Malaysia
    Prepared by: Ricardo D. Fernandez
    LAND
    The Federation of Malaysia extends from the southern border of Thailand through the
    Malay Peninsula to northern part of the island of Borneo. With a total of 127,316 square miles.
    Malaysia consists of 13 states-nine former Malay sultanates:
    • Perak
    • Selangor
    • Negri Sembilan
    • Johore
    • Perlis
    • Kelantan
    • Kedah
    • Terengganu
    Two former British Settlements:
    • Penang and Malacca
    Two former British Colonies:
    • Sabah and Sarawak
    Malaysia has the strategic Straits
    of Malacca, which control the sea-lane
    between South China Sea and the
    Indian Ocean.
    Major seaports in West Malaysia
    are Port Kelang, Georgetown and
    Malacca.
    Malaysia is tropical and just like
    the Philippines.
    Malaysia is the world’s largest producer of tin and rubber. Chief agriculture and
    forestry products are rice, palm oil, cacao, coconuts and timber.
    People
    Of the total population of
    21,528,000, 45% of whom are Malays,
    40% are Chinese and the rest are
    Asians ( Indians, Pakistani, Filipinos),
    Americans and Europeans. The native
    minorities are the Semangs, Dayaks,
    Dusuns, Badjaos, etc.
    The Malaysians belong to the
    brown race.
    Malaysia has a federal system of
    government composed of 13 states.
    The Federation of Malaysia is the
    official title of the state. And Malaysia is
    a parliamentary system of government
    with prime minister who acts as the
    head of the government.
    Early History
    • The Malayans were descendants of Malay immigrants who came from Yunnan
    between 2,500 and 1,500 BC.
    • Indian immigrants came into the Malay Peninsula in the early centuries after the
    death pf Christ. They brought Hinduism and Buddhism.
    • In the 8th century, the Sri Vidjaya extended sovereignty over Malay Peninsula.
    But was overthrow by the Majapahit, a Hindu empire based in Java. It was in the
    late 8th century.
    Malacca
    • Driven out of Singapore, Parameswara
    and his people retreated to the north and
    settled in Malacca, a tiny fishing village. In
    1403, he established the kingdom of
    Malacca.
    • Malacca gradually became the center of
    Islamic culture and the base of Muslim
    missionaries in Southeast Asia.
    • Malacca also became a flourishing
    commercial empire as it assumed the
    economic power once held by the Sri
    Vidjaya and Majapahit empires.
    Portuguese and Dutch Expansion
    • The Portuguese were the first Europeans to establish overseas empire in South
    East Asia. In 1510, the Portuguese used the Indian port of Goa as their trading
    and administrative center the conquest. And they attacked and captured Malacca
    in 1511.
    • For 130 years, the Portuguese merchants enjoyed the fabulous profits from the
    spice trade.
    World War II

    • Japanese imperial forces easily defeated the British in Malaya during World War
    II. On December 10,1941, Japanese aircraft sank the two British men-of-war. The
    Prince of Wales and the Repulse off the coast of Malaya. On Feb.15,1942, the
    “impregnable” and mighty Fortress Singapore fell to the Japanese.
    • Implementing the “Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere”. The Japanese
    encouraged a cooperation and friendship policy for the people of the occupied
    countries. They also encouraged the growth of Malayan nationalism.
    The Chinese in Malaya
    however, were treated harshly.
    They arrested, tortured, and
    even killed. The communism
    Malayan People’s
    anti-Japanese Army under the
    command of Chin Peng, a
    Chinese communist leader, led
    guerilla resistance against
    Japanese occupation.
    Post-War Malaya
    • The British returned to Malaya in September 1945, and restored their rule. In
    1946, the British created the Malayan Union for all Malay states and the Straits
    Settlements of Penang and Malacca. Singapore remained a crown colony of
    Britain.
    • Malayan nationalists opposed the new government because it extended common
    citizenship to all within the Union and that meant Chinese dominance of Malayan
    political affairs
    • In response to this clamor, the British authorities changed the Malayan Union to
    The Federation of Malaya (inaugurated February 1, 1948) was governed by a
    British High Commissioner.
    The Federation of Malaya

    Dato’ Onn bin Jaafar Mentri


    Besar of Johor, and President of
    the United Malays National
    Organization, unpacking the State
    and Federation of Malaya
    Agreements with Dr. W. Linehan,
    C.M.G. Adviser on Constitutional
    Affairs, for the signatures of His
    Highness the Sultan of Johor,
    1948.
    The Communist Rebellion 1948-1957
    • In June 1948, the Malayan
    Communist Party helped by the
    remnants of Malayan People’s
    Anti-Japanese Army began its
    struggle to establish in Malaya a
    socialist government modeled from
    that of Mao Tse Tung’s China.
    • The rebellion was crushed in 1957.
    About 6,000 communist rebels were
    killed by government forces; about
    2,000 surrendered. Others escaped
    to the borders to evade arrest.
    Independence and Federation of Malaysia
    • On August 31,1957, Malaya became an independent state called the Federation
    of Malaya with an elected head of state (Yang di-Pertuan Agong or Paramount
    ruler) and a Prime Minister as head of government.
    • On May 1961, Prime Minister Abdul Rahman launched a movement to unite
    Malaya, Singapore, Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei into an independent Federation
    of Malaysia.
    On September 16.1963, the
    Federation of Malaysia was
    formally established. Abdul
    Rahman became its first Prime
    Minister. It included 14 states
    (Singapore initially joined the
    federation).
    Racial Riots Of 1969
    • Since her independence, animosity and tension had developed between
    Malayans and the Chinese. The Malayans dominated the political affairs of the
    Federation but the Chinese had almost pervasive control of the economy and
    the wealth of the nation.
    • On May 1969 the two groups clashed violently in riots for a week that caused
    many deaths to both Malays and Chinese, and destruction to properties.
    • To suppress the social disorder, the government suspended the Constitution
    and declared a national state of emergency throughout Malaysia. And in 1971,
    after the restoration of peace and order, the constitution and the parliament
    were likewise restored.

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