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What Is
Organizational
Behavior?

Lectur: Le Thi Ha My
Learning Objectives
❑ Demonstrate the importance of
interpersonal skills in the workplace.
❑ Define organizational behavior (OB).
❑ Identify the major behavioral science
disciplines that contribute to OB.
❑ Demonstrate why few absolutes apply
to OB.
❑ Identify managers’ challenges and
opportunities in applying OB
concepts.
❑ Compare the three levels of analysis
in this text’s OB model.
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1/ WHY WE NEED TO STUDY
OB
Interpersonal skills are the behaviors
and tactics a person uses to interact with
others effectively. In the business world, the
term refers to an employee's ability to work
well with others.
Demonstrate the Importance of
Interpersonal Skills in the Workplace
Interpersonal skills are important because…
➢ ‘Good places to work’ have better financial
performance.
➢ Better interpersonal skills result in lower
turnover of quality employees and higher
quality applications for recruitment.
➢ There is a strong association between the
quality of workplace relationships and job
satisfaction, stress, and turnover.
➢ It fosters social responsibility awareness.
Describe the Manager’s Functions,
Roles, And Skills
➢ Manager: Someone who gets things done
through other people in organizations.
 Organization: A consciously coordinated
social unit composed of two or more people
that functions on a relatively continuous basis
to achieve a common goal or set of goals.
➢ Planning, organizing, leading, and
controlling.
➢ Mintzberg concluded that managers perform
ten different, highly interrelated roles or sets of
behaviors attributable to their jobs.
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Describe the Manager’s Functions,
Roles, And Skills
 Management Skills
Technical Skills – the ability to apply
specialized knowledge or expertise. All jobs
require some specialized expertise, and
many people develop their technical skills
on the job.
Human Skills – the ability to work with,
understand, and motivate other people,
both individually and in groups.
Conceptual Skills – the mental ability to
analyze and diagnose complex situations.
Effective Versus Successful
Managerial Activities

 Luthans and his associates found


that all managers engage in four
managerial activities:
1. Traditional management
2. Communication
3. Human resource management
4. Networking
Effective Versus Successful
Managerial Activities
2/ Define Organizational Behavior

Organizational behavior (OB) is a


field of study that investigates the impact
that individuals, groups, and structure
have on behavior within organizations for
the purpose of applying such knowledge
toward improving an organization’s
effectiveness.
Evidence
Systematic based
study management

Intution

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Complementing Intuition with
Systematic Study
 Systematic Study of Behavior
 Behavior generally is predictable if we know how the person
perceived the situation and what is important to him or her.
 Evidence-Based Management (EBM)
 Complements systematic study.
 Argues for managers to make decisions based on evidence.
 Intuition
 Systematic study and EBM add to intuition, or those “good
feelings” about “why I do what I do” and “what makes others
tick.”
 If we make all decisions with intuition we’re likely working
with incomplete information.
3/ Identify the Major Behavioral Science
Disciplines That Contribute to OB
Organizational behavior is an applied
behavioral science that is built upon
contributions from a number of
behavioral disciplines:
 Psychology
 Social psychology
 Sociology
 Anthropology
3/ Identify the Major Behavioral Science
Disciplines That Contribute to OB
Psychology
seeks to measure, explain, and
sometimes change the behavior
of humans and other animals.

Socialpsychology
blends the concepts of
psychology and sociology.
3/ Identify the Major Behavioral Science
Disciplines That Contribute to OB
 Sociology
studies people in relation to their
social environment or culture.

 Anthropology
is the study of societies to learn
about human beings and their
activities.
4/ Identify the Challenges of
OB
 Responding to economic pressure
 In tough economic times, effective
management is an asset.
 In good times, understanding how to
reward, satisfy, and retain employees
is at a premium.
 In bad times, issues like stress,
decision making, and coping come to
the forefront.
4/ Identify the Challenges of
OB
 Responding to globalization
 Increased foreign assignments.
 Working with people from different
cultures.
 Overseeing movement of jobs to
countries with low-cost labor.
 Adapting to differing cultural and
regulatory norms.
4/ Identify the Challenges of
OB
 Managing workforce
diversity
 Workforce diversity –
organizations are
becoming more
heterogeneous in terms
of gender, age, race,
ethnicity, sexual
orientation, and
inclusion of other diverse
groups.
4/ Identify the Opportunities
of OB
 Improving customer service
 Serviceemployees have substantial
interaction with customers.
 Employee attitudes and behavior are
associated with customer satisfaction.
 Need a customer-responsive culture.
4/ Identify the Opportunities
of OB
 Improving people skills
 People skills are essential to
managerial effectiveness.
 OB provides the concepts and
theories that allow managers
to predict employee behavior
in given situations.
4/ Identify the Opportunities
of OB
 Working in networked
organizations
 Networked organizations are
becoming more pronounced.
 A manager’s job is fundamentally
different in networked organizations.
 Challenges of motivating and leading
“online” require different techniques.
4/ Identify the Opportunities
of OB
 Enhancing employee well-being at
work
 The creation of the global workforce means
work no longer sleeps.
 Communication technology has provided a
vehicle for working at any time or any place.
 Employees are working longer hours per week.
 The lifestyles of families have changed —
creating conflict.
 Balancing work and life demands now surpasses
job security as an employee priority.
4/ Identify the Opportunities
of OB
 Creating a positive work
environment
 Positive organizational scholarship is
concerned with how organizations develop
human strength, foster vitality and
resilience, and unlock potential.
 This field of study focuses on employees’
strengths versus their limitations, as
employees share situations in which they
performed at their personal best.
4/ Identify the Opportunities
of OB
 Improving ethical behavior
 Ethicaldilemmas and ethical choices are
situations in which an individual is required
to define right and wrong conduct.
 Good ethical behavior is not so easily
defined.
 Organizations
distribute codes of ethics to
guide employees through ethical dilemmas.
 Managers need to create an ethically
healthy climate.
5/ Three Levels of Analysis in
OB Model
5/ Three Levels of Analysis in
OB Model
➢ Inputs
➢ Variables like personality,
group structure, and
organizational culture that lead
to processes.
➢ Group structure, roles, and
team responsibilities are
typically assigned immediately
before or after a group is
formed.
➢ Organizational structure and
culture change over time.
5/ Three Levels of Analysis in
OB Model
➢ Processes
➢ If inputs are like the
nouns in organizational
behavior, processes are
like verbs.
➢ Defined as actions that
individuals, groups, and
organizations engage in
as a result of inputs, and
that lead to certain 1-29

outcomes.
5/ Three Levels of Analysis in
OB Model

➢ Outcomes
➢ Key variables
that you want to
explain or predict,
and that are
affected by some
other variables.
6/ Outcome Variables
 Attitudes
Employee attitudes are the
evaluations employees make, ranging
from positive to negative, about
objects, people, or events.
 Task performance
The combination of effectiveness and
efficiency at doing your core job tasks is
a reflection of your level of task
performance.
6/ Outcome Variables
 Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)
 The discretionary behavior that is not part of
an employee’s formal job requirements, and
that contributes to the psychological and
social environment of the workplace, is called
organizational citizenship behavior.

 Withdrawal behavior (WB)


 Withdrawal behavior is the set of actions
that employees take to separate
themselves from the organization.
6/ Outcome Variables
 Group cohesion
 Group cohesion is the extent to which
members of a group support and
validate one another at work.

 Group functioning
 Group functioning refers to the
quantity and quality of a group’s work
output.
6/ Outcome Variables
 Productivity
 An organization is productive if it achieves
its goals by transforming inputs into outputs
at the lowest cost. This requires both
effectiveness and efficiency.

 Survival
 The final outcome is organizational
survival, which is simply evidence that the
organization is able to exist and grow over
the long term. 1-34
7/ Implications for Managers

 Resist the inclination to rely on


generalizations; some provide valid
insights into human behavior, but many
are erroneous.
 Use metrics and situational variables
rather than “hunches” to explain cause-
and-effect relationships.
 Work on your interpersonal skills to
increase your leadership potential.
7/ Implications for Managers
 Improve your technical skills and
conceptual skills through training and
staying current with OB trends like “big
data”.
 OB can improve your employees’ work
quality and productivity by showing you
how to empower your employees, design
and implement change programs,
improve customer service, and help your
employees balance work-life conflicts.

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