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    Lecture 5

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    Kenzie Teresa
    The document discusses limits of functions as the input value approaches a certain number, including one-sided limits (from the left and right) and infinite limits. It provides definitions and examples of evaluating limits, including when the limit approaches a real number or positive/negative infinity. Both functions f(x) and g(x) are undefined at x=2, so their behavior must be examined using limits as x approaches 2 from the left and right.

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    Lecture 5

    Uploaded by

    Kenzie Teresa
    6 views5 pages
    The document discusses limits of functions as the input value approaches a certain number, including one-sided limits (from the left and right) and infinite limits. It provides definitions and examples of evaluating limits, including when the limit approaches a real number or positive/negative infinity. Both functions f(x) and g(x) are undefined at x=2, so their behavior must be examined using limits as x approaches 2 from the left and right.

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    The document discusses limits of functions as the input value approaches a certain number, including one-sided limits (from the left and right) and infinite limits. It provides definitions and examples of evaluating limits, including when the limit approaches a real number or positive/negative infinity. Both functions f(x) and g(x) are undefined at x=2, so their behavior must be examined using limits as x approaches 2 from the left and right.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    6 views5 pages

    Lecture 5

    Uploaded by

    Kenzie Teresa
    The document discusses limits of functions as the input value approaches a certain number, including one-sided limits (from the left and right) and infinite limits. It provides definitions and examples of evaluating limits, including when the limit approaches a real number or positive/negative infinity. Both functions f(x) and g(x) are undefined at x=2, so their behavior must be examined using limits as x approaches 2 from the left and right.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    LIMITS

    Let’s look at the graph of the following functions:


    𝑥2 − 4 |𝑥 − 2|
    𝑓(𝑥) = , 𝑔(𝑥) =
    𝑥−2 𝑥−2

    Both functions are undefined at 𝑥 = 2. So, how is the behaviour of each function in
    the vicinity of 𝑥 = 2?

    Definition Let f be a function defined in the vicinity of 𝑥 = 𝑎, except at a


    itself. If the value of 𝑓(𝑥) approaches a real number 𝐿, as 𝑥 approaches 𝑎, then
    lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿.
    𝑥→𝑎
    Limit from the right: Let f be a function defined in the vicinity of 𝑥 = 𝑎,
    except at a itself. If the value of 𝑓(𝑥) approaches a real number 𝐿, as
    𝑥 approaches 𝑎 (𝑥 > 𝑎), then
    lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿.
    𝑥→𝑎

    Limit from the left: Let f be a function defined in the vicinity of 𝑥 = 𝑎, except
    at a itself. If the value of 𝑓(𝑥) approaches a real number 𝐿, as 𝑥 approaches
    𝑎 (𝑥 < 𝑎), then
    lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿.
    𝑥→𝑎
    Example: Evaluate one-sided limits:
    |𝑥 2 − 9|
    lim
    𝑥→3− 𝑥 − 3

    |𝑥 2 − 9|
    lim
    𝑥→3+ 𝑥 − 3

    Definition Let f be a function defined in the vicinity of 𝑥 = 𝑎, except at a, then

    lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿 if
    𝑥→𝑎
    lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿.
    𝑥→𝑎+ 𝑥→𝑎
    Infinite Limits

    There are three main types of infinite limits:


    Infinite limits from the left: Let 𝑓(𝑥) be a function defined at all values in
    an open interval (𝑏, 𝑎)
    • If the values of 𝑓(𝑥) increase without bound as 𝑥 → 𝑎 (𝑥 < 𝑎),
    then limit of 𝑓(𝑥) as x approaches a from the left is positive infinity
    lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = +∞.
    𝑥→𝑎
    • If the values of 𝑓(𝑥) decrease without bound as 𝑥 → 𝑎 (𝑥 < 𝑎),
    then limit of 𝑓(𝑥) as x approaches a from the left is negative
    infinity
    lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = −∞.
    𝑥→𝑎

    Infinite limits from the right: Let 𝑓(𝑥) be a function defined at all values
    in an open interval (𝑎, 𝑐)
    • If the values of 𝑓(𝑥) increase without bound as 𝑥 → 𝑎 (𝑥 > 𝑎),
    then limit of 𝑓(𝑥) as x approaches a from the right is positive
    infinity
    lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = +∞.
    𝑥→𝑎
    • If the values of 𝑓(𝑥) decrease without bound as 𝑥 → 𝑎 (𝑥 > 𝑎),
    then limit of 𝑓(𝑥) as x approaches a from the right is negative
    infinity
    lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = −∞.
    𝑥→𝑎

    Two-sided infinite limits: Let 𝑓(𝑥) be a function defined at all values in an


    open interval containing 𝑎
    • If the values of 𝑓(𝑥) increase without bound as 𝑥 → 𝑎, then limit of
    𝑓(𝑥) as x approaches a from is positive infinity
    lim 𝑓(𝑥 ) = +∞.
    𝑥→𝑎

    • If the values of 𝑓(𝑥) decrease without bound as 𝑥 → 𝑎, then limit


    of 𝑓(𝑥) as x approaches a from is negative infinity
    lim 𝑓(𝑥) = −∞.
    𝑥→𝑎

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