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Title: Compacting Factor Test (BS 1881-103)
Name:Hossein Ibrahim Qssady

Jazan University
ID: 202101429
College of engineering
Civil engineering department LECTURER :Abdulla ziad
DATE OF SUBMITTED: 27tH May 2023
LAB
2
Compacting Factor Test (BS 1881-103)
Aim:
This test describes the method for determining the compacting
factor of concrete of low, medium and high workability.
The method applies to plain and air-entrained concrete, made with
light weight, normal weight or heavy aggregates having a nominal
maximum size of 40 mm or less but not to aerated concrete or no-
fines concrete. The method is suitable for concretes having
compacting factor in the range 0.7 to 0.98.
Apparatus Used
• Compaction Factor apparatus
• Mixing tray
• Measuring cylinder
• Trowel
• Standard Compaction rod (16mm dia, 600 mm length and bullet point ends)
Material :
i. Cement = 8.5 Kg
ii. Coarse Sand = 9.2 Kg
iii. aggregate =13.6 Kg
iv. Water = as required
PROCEDURE FOR PREPARATION OF CONCRETE:
1. Weigh accurately the required quantity of materials. First spread coarse aggregate on mixing tray and fine aggregates are evenly
spread over it.
2. The cement spread in the last. The mixture is dry mixed thoroughly and uniformly with trowel till uniform mass isobtained.
3. Add measured amount of water (according to water cement ratio) slowly in the center of concrete mass such that the water get
absorbed in concrete mass. The amount of water added can be computed as follows:
a)For 𝑊𝐶/𝐶= 0.5 , Water = 0.5 x Cement = 0.5 x 8.5 = 4.25 liters = 4250 ml
b) For 𝑊𝐶/𝐶= 0.6 , Water = 0.6 x Cement = 0.6 x 3.2 = 5.1 liters = 5100 ml , Therefore, for W/C
= 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8, the amount of water to be added are 4250 ml, 5100 ml, 5950 ml
and 6800 ml respectively.
In order to take observations for different W/C ratio, add 320 ml of water in the previous concrete and note down the change in
observations.
4. The calculated amount of water is added and the material mixed with trowel till uniformmix is obtained. The concrete is now ready
for Compaction Factor test.
TEST PROCEDURE:
1) The Compaction Factor test equipment consists of two hoppers and a cylinder as shown in fig.
2) Take the weight of empty cylinder on a platform/ spring balance and let it be W1.
3) The concrete as prepared above is filled in the upper hopper. While performing the test, the trap doors of both the hoppers are kept
closed.
4) The trap door of the upper hopper is opened and the concrete is allowed to fall in the second hopper. This is done to bring the
concrete in the “standard state of compaction”. The trap door of the second hopper is also opened and the concrete is allowed to fall
in the cylinder below it. Level the cylinder after removing the excess concrete over it and weigh it. The weight thus obtained is called
“partially compacted concrete” and let it be W2.
5) Take out all the concrete and refill the cylinder in four layers. Each layer is fully compacted.
Level the surface and weigh it again and let it be W3.
6) The compaction factor is defined as the ratio of weight of partially compacted concrete to fully compacted concrete and is always
less than one.
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑊2−𝑊1

𝐶. 𝐹. = = <1
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑊3−𝑊1

40.79 − 6.82
= = 0.980
41.47 − 6.82
Weight of empty cylinder W1 = 6.82 Kg

Factors that Affect Concrete strength
Relative humidity
•If the concrete is allowed to dry out, the hydration reaction will stop.
•The hydration reaction cannot proceed without moisture.
•Relative humidity is important because the more moisture that’s already in the air, the lower
the rate at which water will evaporate and the less moisture that the air can hold.
• Relative humidity is a measure of the current amount of water vapor in the air relative to the total amount of water
vapor that can exist in the air at its current temperature, and is expressed as a percentage.
• A relative humidity of 100% means the air cannot contain any more water vapor at that temperature, whereas a
relative humidity of 50% means that the air only has only half as muchwater vapor as it can hold at the current
temperature.
Effect of relative humidity on concrete strength
Water / Cement Ratio:
•The higher the water/cement ratio, the greater the initial spacing between thecement grains and
the greater the volume of residual voids not filled by hydration products.
•There is one thing missing on the graph. For a given cement content, the workability of the
concrete is reduced if the water/cement ratio is reduced. Alower water cement ratio means less
water, or more cement and lower workability.
•However if the workability becomes too low the concrete becomes difficult tocompact and the
strength reduces.
The relation between water cement ratio and strength of concrete is shown in the plot as shown below:
Temperature
• The rate of hydration reaction is temperature dependent.

• Temperature increases, the reaction also increases.
• The concrete kept at higher temperature will gain strength more quickly than a similar concrete
kept at a lower temperature.
• The final strength of the concrete kept at the higher temperature will be lower.
Compressive strength against temperature

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Title: Compacting Factor Test (BS 1881-103)

Name:Hossein Ibrahim Qssady

𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑊2−𝑊1

𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑊3−𝑊1

Weight of empty cylinder W1 = 6.82 Kg

•The hydration reaction cannot proceed without moisture.

• The rate of hydration reaction is temperature dependent.

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