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    1a2. - Design Principles Ce134p-2 - Escruz

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    Aireesha Goze
    Steel design principles involve selecting cross sections that safely and economically resist applied loads using the minimum amount of steel. Designs are based on either Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) or Allowable Strength Design (ASD). Limit states like fracture, yielding, buckling, and deflection are considered. Under ASD, members are selected to prevent maximum service loads from exceeding allowable values. Under LRFD, design strength is the nominal strength multiplied by a resistance factor, while factored loads are used. Load combinations for LRFD and ASD are provided.

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    1a2. - Design Principles Ce134p-2 - Escruz

    Uploaded by

    Aireesha Goze
    21 views12 pages
    Steel design principles involve selecting cross sections that safely and economically resist applied loads using the minimum amount of steel. Designs are based on either Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) or Allowable Strength Design (ASD). Limit states like fracture, yielding, buckling, and deflection are considered. Under ASD, members are selected to prevent maximum service loads from exceeding allowable values. Under LRFD, design strength is the nominal strength multiplied by a resistance factor, while factored loads are used. Load combinations for LRFD and ASD are provided.

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    1A2._DESIGN PRINCIPLES CE134P-2_ESCRUZ

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    Steel design principles involve selecting cross sections that safely and economically resist applied loads using the minimum amount of steel. Designs are based on either Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) or Allowable Strength Design (ASD). Limit states like fracture, yielding, buckling, and deflection are considered. Under ASD, members are selected to prevent maximum service loads from exceeding allowable values. Under LRFD, design strength is the nominal strength multiplied by a resistance factor, while factored loads are used. Load combinations for LRFD and ASD are provided.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views12 pages

    1a2. - Design Principles Ce134p-2 - Escruz

    Uploaded by

    Aireesha Goze
    Steel design principles involve selecting cross sections that safely and economically resist applied loads using the minimum amount of steel. Designs are based on either Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) or Allowable Strength Design (ASD). Limit states like fracture, yielding, buckling, and deflection are considered. Under ASD, members are selected to prevent maximum service loads from exceeding allowable values. Under LRFD, design strength is the nominal strength multiplied by a resistance factor, while factored loads are used. Load combinations for LRFD and ASD are provided.

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    STEEL DESIGN

    PRINCIPLES
    STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN
    Prof-Engr. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE
    Mapua University Manila
    STEEL DESIGN PRINCIPLES
    The design of a structural member entails the selection of a
    cross section that will safely and economically resist the
    applied loads. Economy means minimum weight—that
    is, the minimum amount of steel.
    BASIS OF DESIGN
    (as per NSCP 2015)

    Designs shall be made according to the provisions for Load


    and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) or to the
    provisions for Allowable Strength Design (ASD).
    LIMIT STATES
    Represent conditions that limit the usefulness of the member.
    No applicable strength or serviceability limit state shall be
    exceeded when the structure is subjected to all appropriate load
    combinations such that:
    R𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 S𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 ≤ A𝒗𝒂𝒊𝒍𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 S𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉
    Limit state can be ..
    a. Fracture
    b. Yielding
    c. Buckling
    d. Serviceability (maximum deflection)
    ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DESIGN
    (ASD)
    ✓ Member selection such that properties prevent the maximum
    applied loads under service load combinations to exceed an
    allowable or permissible value (maintains an elastic behavior)
    ✓ Member Selection by
    Cross-sectional Area, A ; Moment of Inertia, I
    and Elastic Section Modulus, S
    NSCP Eq. 502.3-2 (ASD)

    𝑹𝒂 ≤ 𝑹𝒏/𝛀
    where:
    𝑹𝒂 = 𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝑨𝑺𝑫 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
    𝑹𝒏 = 𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆
    𝛀 = 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒂𝒇𝒆𝒕𝒚 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆
    𝑅𝑛/Ω = 𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ

    7
    LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR
    DESIGN (LRFD)
    ✓ Design based on failure at factored loads but safe under
    service loads
    ✓ Design strength is nominal strength multiplied by a reduction
    factor (resistance factor)
    ✓ Loads are factored to bring the members to its limit state
    NSCP Eq. 502.3-2 (LRFD)

    𝑹𝒖 ≤ 𝝓𝑹𝒏
    𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆:
    𝑹𝒖 = 𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
    𝑹𝒏 = 𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆
    𝝓 = 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆
    𝜙𝑅𝑛 = 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ

    9
    LRFD LOAD COMBINATION NSCP 203.3.1
    U1 = 1.4D
    U2 = 1.2D + 1.6L
    U3 = 1.2D + 1.6Lr + 0.5W where
    f1 = 1.0 for place of public assembly,
    U4 = 1.2D + 1.0W + f1L1 live loads > 4.8 kPa, and garage
    f1 = 0.5 for other live loads
    U5 = 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L1 L1 = occupancy liveload or roof liveload

    U6 = 0.9D + 1.0W
    U7 = 0.9D + 1.0E
    10
    ASD BASIC LOAD COMBINATION
    𝑆1 = 𝐷
    𝑆2 = 𝐷 + 𝐿
    𝑆3 = 𝐷 + 0.6𝑊
    𝑆4 = 𝐷 + 𝐸 / 1.4

    11
    ASD ALTERNATE LOAD COMBINATION
    𝑆1 = 𝐷 + 𝐿
    The 0.75 factor is used as a
    𝑆1 = 0.75(𝐷 + 𝐿 + 0.6𝑊) one-third increase in allowable
    stresses shall be permitted for all
    𝑆2 = 0.75(𝐷 + 𝐿 + 𝐸/1.4 ) combinations with W or E.

    𝑆3 = 0.6𝐷 + 0.6𝑊
    𝑆4 = 0.6𝐷 + 𝐸/1.4

    12

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