Multiple choice test on R2 The amount of chemical

change with worked answers

1. Which equation is correct for the complete combustion of one mole of ethanol, C2H5OH
under standard conditions?

A. C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)

B. C2H5OH(l) + 3½O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)

C. C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)

D. C2H5OH(l) + 2O2(g) → 2CO(g) + 3H2O(g)

Ethanol combusts completely under standard conditions to give gaseous carbon dioxide and liquid
water.

2. When copper(II) nitrate, is heated strongly it decomposes to form oxygen, nitrogen(iv) oxide and
copper(II) oxide.
2Cu(NO3)2(s) → 2CuO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)

What will be the mass of oxygen remaining in the solid product when 18.76 g of copper nitrate is
completely decomposed by heating?

A. 9.60 g

B. 3.20 g

C. 1.60 g

D. 1.92 g

Mr(Cu(NO3)2) = 63.55 + (2 x 14.01) + (6 x 16.00) = 187.57

Amount of Cu(NO3)2 in 18.76 g = 18.76 /187.6 = 0.100 mol
0.100 mol of Cu(NO3)2 produces 0.100 mol of CuO
Mass of O in 0.100 mol of CuO = 0.100 x 16.00 = 1.60 g

© Dr. Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking

https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry 1
3. Which solution has the same concentration of sodium ions as a 0.250 mol dm–3 solution of sodium
hydroxide, NaOH(aq)?

A. 100 cm3 of a solution containing 4.00 g of sodium hydroxide.

B. The resulting solution when 50.0 cm3 of 0.500 mol dm–3 sodium hydroxide solution is added to
50 .0 cm3 of 0.500 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid solution.

C. 150 cm3 of a solution containing 2.67 g of sodium hydroxide.

D. The resulting solution when 25.0 cm3 of 0.500 mol dm–3 sodium hydroxide solution is added to
12 .5 cm3 of 0.500 mol dm–3 sulfuric acid solution.

When 50.0 cm3 of 0.500 mol dm–3 NaOH reacts with 50 .0 cm3 of 0.500 mol dm–3 HCl the sodium ions are
diluted 2 times as the final volume is 100 cm3 so the concentration of [Na+(aq)] in the resulting solution
is 0.250 cm3.
(When 12 .5 cm3 of 0.500 mol dm–3 H2SO4 is added the final volume containing the sodium ions is 37.5
cm3 so [Na+(aq)] = 0.667 mol dm–3. Mr(NaOH) = 22.99 + 16.00 + 1.01 = 40.00 g. 100 cm3 containing 4g
of NaOH has [Na+(aq)] = 1.00 mol dm–3 and 150 cm3 containing 2.67 g of NaOH has [Na+(aq)] =
1000/150 x 2.67/40.00 = 0.445 mol dm–3. )

4. What will be the volume of carbon dioxide (in cm3) measured at STP evolved when 100 cm3 of
1.00 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq) is added to 1.00 g of calcium carbonate, CaCO3?

A. 114

B. 227

C. 2270

D. 1140

Mr(CaCO3) = 40.08 + 12.01 + (3 x 16.00) = 100.09, so 1.00 g = 9.99 x 10–3 mol ≈ 0.0100 mol
100 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm–3 HCl(aq) contains 100/1000 x 0.100 = 0.0100 mol of HCl
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) so HCl is the limiting reagent
Amount of CO2 evolved = 0.00500 mol. At STP 1 mol of gas occupies 22.7 dm3 = 22.7 x 103 cm3
Volume of CO2 evolved = 22.7 x 103 x 0.00500 = 114 cm3 (to 3 significant figures)

© Dr. Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking

https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry 2
5. Phenol (Mr = 94.12) can be prepared in two separate steps from cumene (Mr = 120.21).

If the yield from the first reaction is 80.0% and the yield from the second reaction is 90.0% which mass
of phenol will be produced from 20.0 g of cumene?

A. 18.0 g

B. 16.0 g

C. 14.4 g

D. 11.3 g

The overall yield is 90.0% of 80.0% = 72.0% 1 mol of cumene produces 1 mol of phenol.
20.0 g of cumene = 20.0/120.21 = 0.1664 mol Amount of phenol produced = 0.1664 x 0.720 = 0.1198 mol
Mass of phenol produced = 0.1198 x 94.12 = 11.3 g

6. Primary alcohols can be represented by the general formula RCH2OH. They can be oxidized by an
acidified solution of potassium dichromate(VI) to form carboxylic acids, RCOOH.

What is the coefficient of H+(aq) required to balance the following equation?

_ RCH2OH(l) + _ H+(aq) + _ Cr2O72–(aq) → _ RCOOH(aq) + 4Cr3+(aq) + _ H2O(l)

A. 12

B. 16

C. 22

D. 28

The two half equations are:

RCH2OH(l) + H2O → RCOOH(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 4e– and Cr2O72–(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6e–→ 2Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O(l)
so the overall equation is 3RCH2OH(l) + 16H+(aq) + 2Cr2O72–(aq) → 3RCOOH(aq) + 4Cr3+(aq) + 11H2O(l)

© Dr. Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking

https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry 3
7. Diesel fuel can be made from cooking oil (e.g. triolein) by a process known as transesterification. The
products are the fuel, which is a methyl ester, and glycerol (propan-1,2,3-triol). The glycerol can be
used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries.

What is the atom economy for this reaction (ignore the catalyst and any solvent)?

A. 33.5 %

B. 42.4 %

C. 90.6 %

D. 100 %

Since both products are used there is no waste, so the atom economy is 100%.

8. What is the mass of sodium chloride that can theoretically be formed when 2.27 dm3 of chlorine gas
measured at STP reacts with 3.45 g of sodium metal?

A. 3.45 g

B. 5.84 g

C. 8.77 g

D. 11.7 g

Equation for reaction 2Na(s) + Cl2(g) → 2NaCl(s)

2.27 dm3 of Cl2 = 0.100 mol; 3.45 g of Na = 3.45/22.99 = 0150 mol so Na is the limiting reagent.
Amount of NaCl formed = 0.150 mol = 0.150 x (22.99 + 35.45) = 8.77 g

© Dr. Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking

https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry 4
9. When phenylmethanol (benzyl alcohol), C6H5CH2OH combusts completely in oxygen the products are
carbon dioxide and water.
What will be the coefficient for oxygen when the smallest whole numbers are used to balance the
equation for the combustion?

A. 8

B. 9

C. 11

D. 17

2C7H8O + 17O2 → 14CO2 + 8H2O

10. In which reaction is sulfuric acid the excess reagent?

A. 2.431 g of Mg reacting with 100 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm–3 H2SO4(aq).

B. 8.016 g of Ca reacting with 100 cm3 of 2.00 mol dm–3 H2SO4(aq).

C. 100 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm–3 NaOH(aq) reacting with 100 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm–3 H2SO4(aq).

D. 100 cm3 of 2.00 mol dm–3 Ba(OH)2(aq) reacting with 200 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm–3 H2SO4(aq).

100 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm–3 NaOH(aq) contains 0.100 mol of NaOH; 100 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm–3 H2SO4(aq)
contains 0.100 mol of H2SO4. Since 2 mol of NaOH are required to neutralise 1 mol of H2SO4 all the NaOH
will react with 0.0500 mol of H2SO4 leaving half of the acid in excess.

11. What is the total volume (in dm3) of hydrogen and oxygen that needs to added to a plastic bag at
STP so that when a spark is passed through the sealed bag the mass of water obtained is 0.901 g
and none of the hydrogen or oxygen gas remains?

A. 1.70

B. 3.40

C. 2.27

D. 1.14
2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g; Mr(H2O) = (2 x 1.01) + 16 = 18.02; 0.901 g of H2O = 1/18.02 = 0.0500 mol
Amount of H2 required = 0.0500 mol; amount of O2 required = 0.0250 mol
At STP volume of H2 required = 0.0500 x 22.7 = 1.135 dm3 and volume of O2 required = 0.0250 x 22.7 =
0.568 dm3 so the total volume required = 1.135 + 0.568 = 1.70 dm3

© Dr. Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking

https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry 5
12. What is the chloride ion concentration (in mol dm–3) in the mixture formed by adding
200 cm3 of 0.150 mol dm–3 barium chloride solution to 150cm3 of 0.200 mol dm–3
hydrochloric acid solution.

A. 0.171

B. 0.258

C. 0.175

D. 0.225

Amount of Cl–(aq) in 200 cm3 of 0.150 mol dm–3 BaCl2(aq) = 2 x 200/1000 x 0.150 = 0.0600 mol
Amount of Cl–(aq) in 150 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm–3 HCl(aq) = 1 x 150/1000 x 0.200 = 0.0300 mol
Total amount of Cl–(aq) in 350 cm3 of mixture = 0.0600 + 0.0300 = 0.0900 mol
Concentration of Cl–(aq) in mixture = 0.0900 x 1000/350 = 0.258 mol dm–3.

13. 0.835 g of copper(II) oxide was added to 100 cm3 of a hot solution of 0.100 mol dm–3 H2SO4 sulfuric
acid. After the reaction was complete the solution was filtered and the filtrate allowed to evaporate
to leave a blue solid. The solid was washed with cold distilled water then dissolved in the minimum
amount of hot water and left to form 1.573 g of crystals of pentahydrate copper sulfate,
CuSO4.5H2O. What is the percentage yield of pentahydrated copper sulfate from this preparation?

A. 65.2%

B. 98.3%

C. 52.5%

D. 81.9%

CuO + H2SO4(aq) → CuSO4(aq) + H2O

Mr(CuO) = 63.55 + 16.00 = 69.55. Amount of CuO = 0.835/69.55 = 0.01200 mol
100 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm–3 H2SO4 = 0.0100 mol so H2SO4 is the limiting reagent and CuO is in excess.
Mr(CuSO4.5H2O) = 63.55 + 32.07 + (4 x 16.00) + 5 x (18.02) = 249.72
Theoretical yield of CuSO4.5H2O = 0.100 x 249.72 = 2.497 g
Percentage yield = (1.573/2.497) x 100 = 65.2%

© Dr. Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking

https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry 6
14. Which factors directly provide important information regarding the efficiency of a process in green
chemistry?

I. Atom economy

II. Theoretical yield

III. Experimental yield

A. I and II only

B. II and III only

C. I and III only

D. I, II and III

Although the theoretical yield is used to calculate the experimental yield it does not directly
give information about the efficiency of a process.

15. Titanium metal can be obtained from ilmenite, an ore of titanium with the general formula FeTiO3.
Ilmenite is reacted with chlorine in the presence of carbon to form firstly titanium(VI) chloride. The
titanium(IV) chloride is then purified by fractional distillation before being reduced to titanium metal
by molten magnesium in an argon atmosphere.

2FeTiO3 + 7Cl2 + 6C → 2FeCl3 + 2TiCl4 + 6CO

TiCl4 + 2Mg → Ti + 2MgCl2

What is the theoretical yield of titanium (in kg) from 1000 kg of ilmenite?

A. 631

B. 316

C. 158

D. 499

Mr(FeTiO3) = 55.85 + 47.87 + (3 x 16.00) = 151.72 so 1000 kg = 1000 x 1000/151.72 = 6591 mol
2 mol of FeTiO3 gives 2 mol of TiCl4 which gives 2 mol of Ti so maximum amount of Ti = 6591 mol
Theoretical yield of titanium = 6591 x 47.87 = 3.155 x 105 g = 316 kg.
- or, more simply, all the Ti in ilmenite forms Ti metal so mass of Ti = 1000 x 47.87/151.72 = 316 kg

© Dr. Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking

https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry 7
16. What is the sum of all the coefficients in the equation for the complete combustion of one
mole of the hydrocarbon benzene, C6H6 in oxygen?

A. 16.5

B. 17.5

C. 25

D. 35

C6H6(l) + 7½O2(g) → 6CO2(g) + 3H2O(l); 1 + 7½ + 6 + 3 = 17½

17. When 20 cm3 of a hydrocarbon is exploded with 120 cm3 of oxygen the volume of gas remaining is 80 cm3.
After shaking the remaining gas with potassium hydroxide to absorb all the carbon dioxide the volume is
reduced to 20 cm3. All volumes are measured at STP. What is the molecular formula of the gas?

A. CH4

B. C2H4

C. C3H8

D. C4H8

General equation for hydrocarbon combustion: CxHy(g) + (x + y/4)O2(g) → xCO2(g) + yH2O(l)

1 volume of gas (20 cm3) reacts to form 3 volumes of carbon dioxide (60 cm3) so x = 3
Excess O2 = 20 cm3 so 1 volume of CxHy (20 cm3) reacts with 5 volumes of oxygen (100 cm3)
(x + y/4) = 5 so y = 8 and the molecular formula is C3H8.

18. What is the volume of hydrogen evolved (in cm3) at STP when 100 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm–3 sulfuric acid
is reacted with 4.86 g of magnesium

A. 4.54

B. 2.27

C. 4540

D. 2270

Mg(s) + H2SO4(aq) → MgSO4(aq) + H2(g)

Amount of Mg = 4.86/24.31 = 0.200 mol; amount of H2SO4 = 100/1000 x 1.00 = 0.100 mol
limiting reagent is H2SO4 so 0.100 mol of H2 evolved
Volume of H2 evolved = 22.7 x 0.1 = 2.27 dm3 = 2270 cm3

© Dr. Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking

https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry 8
19. Chlorine gas can be prepared by reacting concentrated hydrochloric acid with potassium
manganate(VII). The equation for the reaction is:

8HCl(aq) + 2KMnO4(s) → 3Cl2(g) + 2MnO2(s) + 4H2O(l) + 2KCl(aq)

What is the experimental yield of the reaction when 1300 cm3 of chlorine gas at STP are obtained
from 6.321 g of potassium manganate(VII) after excess acid has been added?

A. 95.6%

B. 66.7%

C. 47.8%

D. 31.9%

Mr(KMnO4) = 39.10 + 54.94 + (4 x 16.00) = 158.04 so amount of KMnO4 = 6.321/158.04 = 0.0400 mol
Theoretical yield of amount of Cl2 = 3/2 x 0.0400 = 0.0600 mol
Theoretical volume of Cl2 evolved = 0.0600 x 22700 = 1360 cm3
Percentage yield = 1300/1360 x 100 = 95.6%

20. 1-bromopropane can be obtained by reacting propan-1-ol with sodium bromide and sulfuric acid.

CH3CH2CH2OH + NaBr + H2SO4 → CH3CH2CH2Br + H2O + NaHSO4

Assuming that the inorganic products are discarded what is the atom economy for this reaction?

A. 77.9%

B. 48.9%

C. 100%

D. 67.9%

Total Mr of all the reactants = (3 x 12.01) + (8 x 1.01) + 16.00 + 22.99 + 79.90 + (2 x 1.01) + 16.00 = 181.02
Mr(CH3CH2CH2Br) = (3 x 12.01) + (7 x 1.01) + 79.90 = 123.00
Atom economy = 123.00/181.02 x 100 = 68.5%

© Dr. Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking

https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry 9