Bimaxillary protrusion is a profile type that provides more space to

accommodate teeth and alleviate crowding. The clinical picture of bimaxillary

protrusion is:

A.The mandibular teeth lean buccally

B.The maxillary teeth lean buccally
C.The teeth in both arches lean buccally
D.The teeth in both arches lean lingually
What space management treatment should be planned for a child age 4, missing
both primary mandibular first molars with no primate space present?

A.Lingual arch
B.Distal shoe(s)
C.Nance holding arch
D.Band and loop space maintainer(s)
A pediatric patient has premature loss of primary second molar, but tooth
primary first molar is present, and the permanent first molar has not erupted
yet. What is the best space maintainer for this situation?

A.Hawley with finger spring

B.Hawley without finger spring
C.Distal shoe
D.Nance appliance
If a person has a severe skeletal class II malocclusion, one would typically
expect to see this manifest clinically with a:

A.Severe underbite
B.Severe overjet
C.A protuberant chin
D.Tooth decay
What is the name given to the line connecting the upper border of the
external auditory canal and the lower orbital rim?

A.Frankel plane
B.Sagittal plane
C.Posselt envelope of motion
D.Frankfort plane
Porion is located:

A.In the center of external auditory canal

B.Below the external auditory canal
C.In front of the external auditory canal
D.On the outer upper margin of the external auditory canal
The equivalent of the Nance holding arch for the lower dentition is the:

A.Labial bow
B.Lingual arch
C.Lip bumper
D.Band and loop
What is a TAD?

A.Transmural advancement device

B.Temporary anchorage device
C.Topical anesthetic distributor
D.Torque application distributor
Maxillary expansion is often done to correct crossbites. Tongue thrusting
often causes an anterior open bite.

A.Both statements are true.

B.Both statements are false.
C.The first statement is true, the second is false.
D.The first statement is false, the second is true.
What is NOT a classic symptom of a sucking habit?

A.Anterior open bite

B.Expanded maxillary arch
C.Proclination of the maxillary incisors
D.Class II malocclusion
Premature exfoliation of a primary mandibular canine is most often the
sequela of which of the following?

A.Caries
B.Trauma
C.Serial tooth extraction
D.Arch length inadequacy
What is the single most important indicator of joint function?

A.Right and left excursions

B.Protrusion
C.The amount of maximum opening
D.Absence of pain
The wrist-hand radiograph is used by orthodontists to predict the time of the
pubertal growth spurt and thus jaw growth. What is examined in the wrist-hand
radiograph?

A.Carpal bones of the wrist

B.Metacarpal bones of the hand
C.Phalanges of the fingers
D.All of the above
It is a lower removable functional treatment appliance used for treatment of
skeletal Class II due to mandibular retrusion:

A.Quad-helix
B.Hyrax expansion
C.Mono-block
D.Head gear
A fixed-removable active treatment appliance used for treatment of skeletal
Class II due to maxillary protrusion:

A.Quad-helix
B.Chin cup
C.Mono-block
D.Head gear
Father of modern orthodontics:

A.Norman Kingsley
B.Edward Angle
C.Calvin Case
D.Charles Hawley
He gave the classification of occlusion for the primary dentition

A.Angle
B.Baume
C.Moyers
D.Darwin
Refers to the tooth size discrepancy between the primary and permanent
anteriors

A.Leeway space
B.Incisor liability
C.Bolton analysis
D.Space analysis

He theorized that sutures were the primary determinants of growth of the

craniofacial complex

A.Moss
B.Sicher
C.Petrovic
D.Van Limborgh
Which of the following malocclusions is the easiest to maintain after
orthodontic treatment?

A.Expansion
B.Rotation
C.Anterior crossbite
D.Generalized spacing
E.Generalized crowding
The lowest point of the bony orbit:

A.Orbitale
B.Gonion
C.Nasion
D.Condylion
Branch of orthodontics employed to recognize and eliminate the potential
irregularities and malpositioning in the developing dento-facial complex:

A.Corrective orthodontics
B.Preventive orthodontics
C.Interceptive orthodontics
D.None of the above

The correctly timed and planned removal of deciduous and permanent teeth in
mixed dentition stage:

A.Serial surgery
B.Serial exfoliation
C.Serial extraction
D.None of the above
A commonly used analysis that has three division: skeletal, dental and soft
tissue analysis:

A.Down's
B.Steiner's
C.Tweed's
D.Angle's
An 18-year-old patient presents back to you complaining of crowding of his
lower anterior incisors. You explain that this is because of:

A.Late mandibular growth

B.Pressure from third molars
C.Maxillary tooth-size excess
D.Trauma
Which of the following is NOT a treatment modality for open bite cases?

A.Tongue crib
B.Posterior bite plates
C.High-pull headgear
D.Straight-pull headgear
Functional appliances have dental and skeletal effects and can be tissue-
borne or tooth-borne. Which of the following appliances is tissue-borne?

A.Bionator
B.Frankel functional appliance
C.Herbst
D.Edgewise appliance
In orthodontic therapy, adult patients in comparison with adolescent
patients:

A.Need less periodontal maintenance during comprehensive orthodontic

treatment
 B.Tend to be more compliant
C.Are less concerned with esthetic
D.Are more prone to decalcification stains on enamel

He is the father of modern orthodontics:

A.Norman Kingsley
B.Edward Angle
C.Calvin Case
D.Charles Hawley
The absolute maximum number of posterior teeth, which can be safely replaced
with a fixed bridge, is:

A.1
B.2
C.3
D.4
This theory affirms that genetics play a major role in craniofacial growth.

A.Sicher
B.Scott
C.Moss
D.Genetic
He confirms that growth occurs at the area of sutures

A.Sicher
B.Scott
C.Moss
Both genetics and environment contribute to craniofacial growth

A.Sicher
B.Scott
C.Moss
D.Van Limborgh
Endochondral bone formation

A.Requires a cartilaginous model

B.Deposition of bone directly
C.None of the above
In Enlow's principle of growth,

A.Bone deposited on inner side

B.Bone is resorbed on the outer side
C.Both are correct
The primary dentition is complete by:

A.2.5 years old

B.3.5 years old
 C.5 years old.

Characteristics of the primary dentition include the following except:

A.Spaced anteriors
B.Primate spaces
C.Flush terminal plane
D.None of the above
The ugly duckling stage occurs at:

A.5-6 years old

B.7-9 years old
C.10-12 years old
Nance leeway space:

A.Difference between M-D widths of primary and permanent posteriors

B.0.9mm in the maxilla
C.1.7mm in the mandible
D.All are correct
Stage 2 of Nolla's calcification:

A.Absence of crypt
B.Presence of crypt
C.Initial calcification
Last permanent tooth to erupt

A.Mandi 7
B.Mandi 8
C.Maxi 7
D.Maxi 8
Classified malocclusion as Class I, II, III

A.Simon
B.Dewey
C.Ackermann-Proffitt
Classified malocclusion based on the location of dental arches in relation to
cranial landmarks:

A.Simon
B.Dewey
C.Ackermann-Proffitt
Retrognathic profile:

A.Class I
B.Class II
C.Class III
In cephalometrics, the facial plane refers to:

A.Porion-orbitale
B.Nasion-pogonion
C.Gonion-menton
Caries control and space maintainers belong to this phase of orthodontics

A.Preventive
B.Interceptive
C.Corrective
The following are removable appliances except:

A.Hawley
B.Baby denture
C.Space saddle
D.None of the above
Fixed appliance used when E's are lost prematurely before the eruption of
6's.

A.Baby denture
B.Hawley appliance
C.Distal guiding shoe
Abnormal oral habits include except:

A.Thumb sucking
B.Nail biting
C.Tongue thrusting
D.Lip biting
The recommended appliance/s for bruxism is:

A.Lip bumper
B.Night guard
C.Bite plate
D.B and C only
The headgear is a skeletal Class II corrector

A.True
B.False
Tipping movement

A.Crown and root move in the same direction

B.Crown and root move in opposite directions
C.Movement of tooth into the socket
D.Movement of the tooth out of the socket
The chin cup is an orthopedic corrector for Class III skeletal malocclusions.

A.True
B.False

The portion of the FPD that connects the pontic and the retainer:

A.Abutment
B.Connector
C.Rest
The ideal crown:root ratio:

A.1:1
B.1:2
C.2:3
The following are abutment considerations, except:

A.Crown length and form

B.Periodontal condition
C.Span length
D.Age of the patient
E.None of the above
An endodontically treated tooth may be not considered as an abutment for a
bridge.

A.True
B.False
The ideal retainer when caries has spread greater than 2/3 of the crown:

A.Inlay
B.Onlay
C.Full crown
Subgingival margins may be utilized for:

A.Esthetics
B.Subgingival caries
C.Improve retention
D.All of the above
During tooth preparation, injury may be avoided by using:

A.water coolant
B.low speed handpiece
C.heavy pressure
Increasing the taper of the tooth preparation will decrease the retention of
the restoration. The ideal taper is 20-30 degrees.

A.Both statements are correct

B.Both statements are false
Retention of the fixed bridge is improved by:

A.Smaller teeth
B.Longer tooth preparation
C.2 mm height of prep for premolars
When preparing an anterior tooth for a metal-ceramic crown, the ideal
preparation requires that approximately _____ of tooth structure reduction is
needed.

A.1.0 mm
B.0.8 mm
C.2.5 mm
D.1.5 mm
A ratio of ____ is the minimum ratio that is acceptable for a prospective
abutment under normal circumstances.

A.3:1
B.2:1
C.1:2
D.1:1
Recognition of wall convergence angles in crown preparation will determine if
undercuts are produced when taper is too small and if retention is undermined
when taper is too large. What degree of wall convergence during crown
preparation will give the prosthesis optimal retention?

A.1 to 3 degrees
B.3 to 6 degrees
C.4 to 8 degrees
D.6 to 9 degrees
What type of pontic design looks most like a tooth?

A.Saddle ridge lap pontic

B.Sanitary/hygienic pontic
C.Modified ridge lap pontic
D.Ovate pontic
Which of the following is often the margin of choice as it leaves adequate
bulk for marginal strength with an acute angle and produces minimal stress at
the margin?

A.Shoulder
B.Shoulder with bevel
C.Chamfer
D.Knife edge
A 25-year-old patient presents in your office for the restoration of a
fractured maxillary central incisor. After evaluation, you determine that the
tooth has insufficient structure for an operative restoration and that an
all-ceramic crown is indicated. What type of finish line will you prepare?

A.Feather edge
B.Chamfer
 C.Shoulder
D.Knife edge
The following are contraindications for fixed bridgework EXCEPT

A.Poor oral hygiene

B.Low caries rate
C.Bruxism
D.Multiple spaces in the arch or teeth likely to be lost in the near
future
This consists of the junctional epithelium and connective tissue attachment
to the tooth above the alveolar crest. When preparing teeth for full coverage
restorations, this and the sulcus must be accounted for when placing margins.
Encroachment can lead to chronic gingival irritation.

A.Biologic width
B.Periodontal attachment
C.Bone
D.Gingival apparatus
All of the following are factors in fixed bridgework design EXCEPT

A.Root configuration
B.Crown-to-root ratio
C.Axial alignment of teeth
D.None of the above
You are treatment planning a patient who has selected a PFM (Porcelain Fused
to Metal) crown restoration for tooth #8. The patient would like to know how
much tooth structure will be removed during your PFM preparation. Which one
of the following statements about your reduction for tooth preparation would
be incorrect?

A.The desired incisal reduction for a PFM crown is 2.0 mm in intercuspal

position and in excursive movements
B.A labial reduction of 1.2 to 1.5 mm (one plane) is mandatory for PMF
preparations
C.The lingual concavity is prepared to allow 1-mm clearance if the
contacts are to be located on metal
D.Shoulder must extend at least 1-mm lingual to proximal contact area
A term used to describe the circumferential remaining tooth structure above
the margin. Minimum amount of sound tooth structure necessary is 1.5-2.0mm,
or the risk of failure increases.

A.Biologic width
B.Ferrule
C.Ante's Law
D.Crown-to-root ratio
Refers to what prevents the dislodgement of the restoration by forces
directed apical or oblique, and prevents any movement of the restoration
under occlusal (vertical) forces

A.Resistance
 B.Retention
C.Taper
D.Occlusal Clearance
What is the absolute minimum porcelain thickness?

A.0.5mm
B.0.7mm
C.1.0mm
D.1.5mm
Chroma is that aspect of color that signifies the:

A.Degree of grayness
B.Degree of translucency
C.Degree of saturation of the hue
D.Combined effect of the hue and value
What are the requirements of a good provisional restoration?

A.Provide pulpal protection

B.Easily cleansable
C.Have non-impinging margins
D.All of the above
The purpose of fabricating a provisional restoration with correct contours
and marginal integrity is

A.For protection
B.To supervise the patient's dental hygiene and give the patient
feedback during this stage
C.To preserve periodontal health
D.All of the above
A pier abutment with edentulous spaces on each side that requires a ___
connector.

A.Non-rigid
B.Rigid
C.Both of the above
D.None of the above
Pontic of choice in the "APPEARANCE ZONE" for maxillary and mandibular FPDs
as it is highly aesthetic.

A.Saddle ridge lap pontic

B.Sanitary/hygienic pontic
C.Modified ridge lap pontic
D.Ovate pontic
The post for an endodontically treated tooth is placed in the largest root.
For the mandibular molars, this is the distal root. For the maxillary
premolars/molars, it is the:

A.Mesiobuccal root
B.Distobuccal root
C.Palatal root
 D.None of the above
A 56-year-old patient presents with moderate decay on tooth #46. After
observing the bitewing and periapical radiograph of this tooth, you determine
that a PFM is indicated. Since the restoration is in an area where the margin
is of low esthetic concern, you decide to prepare the tooth with a
supragingival margin. All of the following are advantages of a supragingival
margin, EXCEPT

A.Easily finished margins

B.Cleansability of margins
C.Less impingement of gingival tissue during impressions
D.Increased retention
The following are signs of biologic width violation EXCEPT

A.Chronic progressive gingival inflammation around the restoration

B.Gingival recession
C.Clinical attachment loss
D.Coral pink gingiva around the restoration

Porcelain is much stronger under _____ forces than it is when subjected to

____ forces by the opposing teeth.

A.compressive; tensile
B.tensile; compressive
C.compressive; shear
D.tensile; shear
Which of the following impression materials has the highest tear strength?

A.Polyether
B.Polysulfide
C.Addition silicone
D.Condensation silicone
Metamerism invariably involves ____.

A.A color difference between two objects under one or more illuminants
B.One object having a lower chroma than another
C.One object having a lower lightness than another
D.A significant color change of one object as it moves from one
illuminant to another
In a provisional FPD that is seated immediately after the extraction of a
tooth, which of the following pontic forms will result in tissue blanching
and provide the best support to the surrounding papillae while also providing
for the best esthetic outcome following healing of the extraction site?

A.Sanitary (hygienic) pontic

B.Conical pontic
C.Ovate pontic
D.Modified ridge lap pontic
Pertains to the restoration or replacement of teeth with artificial
substitutes that are attached to natural teeth, roots or implants and that
are not readily removable:

A.Removable prosthodontics
B.Fixed prosthodontics
C.Complete denture prosthodontics
D.Implant prosthodontics
It is a cemented extracoronal restoration that covers or veneers all of the
outer surface of the clinical crown:

A.Full crown
B.Inlay
C.Onlay
D.Three-quarter crown
An endodontically treated permanent mandibular first molar has incipient
lesions on its mesial and distal surfaces. During previous treatment, a
minimal amount of tooth structure was removed. The appropriate treatment for
this tooth is a/an:

A.MOD amalgam
B.MOD cast gold inlay
C.MOD cast gold onlay
D.Three-quarter crown
Margins that can be easily finished and are more cleansable:

A.Supragingival margins
B.Equigingival margins
C.Subgingival margins
D.Pericemental margins
A bridge which has one or more abutments at one end of the bridge while the
other end is unsupported:

A.Rigidly Fixed Bridge

B.Semi-fixed Bridge
C.Cantilever Bridge
D.Maryland Bridge
It is the artificial crown or crowns used to attach the bridge to the
abutment tooth/teeth:

A.Abutment
B.Retainer
C.Pontic
D.Connector
An extracoronal metal restoration that covers only part of the clinical crown
is considered to be a partial veneer crown. Which of the following is the
most commonly used form of the partial veneer crowns?

A.Pin ledges
B.Seven-eighths crown
 C.Modified three-quarter crown
D.Three-quarter crown
Which type of dental ceramic is the best in mimicking the optical properties
of enamel and dentin?

A.Predominantly glass
B.Particle-filled glass
C.Polycrystalline
D.None of the above
Teeth that appear to be color matched under one type of light may appear very
different under another light source. This phenomenon is called:

A.Fluorescence
B.Metamerism
C.Opaqueness
D.Opalescence
The preparation of a tooth for a Zirconia crown can be the same as for ____.

A.Metal-ceramic crown
B.Full metal crown
C.All-ceramic crown
D.All of the above

When trying in a PFM crown, the dentist observes that the gingival margin
finish line integrity is excellent, but that the occlusal surface is 1mm too
high. Which of the following is the most probable cause?

A.Incorrectly related casts

B.Proximal contacts being too tight
C.A distortion of the metal during firing
D.An expansion of the porcelain during firing
To be biologically and mechanically acceptable, a solder joint should be so
formed that it:

A.Fills the entire interproximal space occlusogingivally

B.Extends to the buccal margin of the retainer
C.Is circular in form and occupied the region of the contact area
D.Is thin occlusogingivally and wide buccolingually
An endodontically treated tooth was restored with a cast post-and-core and a
metal-ceramic crown. The patient complains of pain, especially on biting, 3
months later. Radiographic findings and tooth mobility tests are normal. The
most probable cause of pain is ____.

A.A loose crown

B.Psychosomatic
C.A vertical root fracture
D.A premature eccentric contact
CAD-CAM:

A.computer aided design-computer aided machine

B.computer aided design-computer aided manufacture
C.computer aided design- computer aided marking
D.computer aided decor- computer aided machine

Which is NOT controlled by the dentist:

A.incisal guidance
B.condylar guidance
C.occlusal plane
D.anterior lingual border
An endodontically treated posterior tooth has 3 mm of circumferential
clinical crown remaining. How many millimeters in length are necessary to
forego a post, using an amalgam core build up in prepared post spaces?

A.Greater than 3 mm
B.Less than 3 mm
C.5 to 6 mm
D.2 mm
E.Greater than 2 mm

Which of the following is the most common reason for a cast crown not to seat
on a patient's tooth?

A.Overextended margins
B.Excessive proximal contact
C.Undercut areas on the preparation
D.Casting too wide buccolingually
An example of a stress-bearing area:

A.Residual ridge
B.Buccal shelf
C.Hard palate
D.Maxillary tuberosity
E.All of the above
Type of articulator that can simulate lateral, protrusive and Bennett
movements to varying degrees:

A.Non-adjustable
B.Semi-adjustable
C.Fully-adjustable
D.None of the above
Denotes the distance between the upper and lower incisor measured in
horizontal plane:

A.Overjet
B.Overbite
C.Both A and B
D.None of the above
Sequelae of tooth loss include the following EXCEPT:

A.Resorption of residual alveolar ridges

B.Occlusal disharmony
C.Tilting of teeth
D.Drifting of teeth
E.None of the above
The chief complaint of the patient should be recorded preferably:

A.By how the dentist understood it

B.Using only the pertinent data
C.Using lay man's terms only for easy understanding
D.In patient's own words
This should be placed on the functional cusp of the posterior teeth to
provide structural durability in this critical area:

A.Slot
B.Pin
C.Bevel
D.Groove