Book 3A Lesson Worksheet 2B (Refer to §2.

2)

2.2 Scientific Notation

2.2A Introduction

A positive number expressed in scientific notation is in the form of

a × 10n,
where 1 ≤ a < 10, and n is an integer.

Example 1 Instant Drill 1

Express each of the following numbers in Express each of the following numbers in
scientific notation. scientific notation.
(a) 5 000 (a) 60 000
(b) 10 500 000 (b) 4 020 000
Sol!(a) 5 000 5 000. Sol!(a) 60 000
= 5 × 103 Move to the left = 6 × 10( ) 60 000.
for 3 digits ___ digits
! (b) 10 500 000 (b) 4 020 000
= 1.05 × 107 10 500 000. = 4 020 000.
7 digits ___ digits

1. Express each of the following numbers in scientific notation.

(a) 300 000 (b) 87 000 000 (c) 923.1

Ex 2B 2(a)–(c)

Example 2 Instant Drill 2

Express each of the following numbers in Express each of the following numbers in
scientific notation. scientific notation.
(a) 0.004 (a) 0.000 3
(b) 0.000 062 0.004 (b) 0.000 008 4
Sol!(a) 0.004 Move to the right Sol!(a) 0.000 3
= 4 × 10–3 for 3 digits = 3 × 10( ) 0.000 3
___ digits
! (b) 0.000 062 (b) 0.000 008 4
= 6.2 × 10–5 0.000 062 = 0.000 008 4
5 digits ___ digits

2. Express each of the following numbers in scientific notation.

(a) 0.000 07 (b) 0.001 34

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 (c) 0.000 000 269 (d) 0.000 000 049

Ex 2B 2(d)–(f)

Example 3 Instant Drill 3

Express the following numbers as integers or Express the following numbers as integers or
decimals. decimals.
(a) 7 × 103 (a) 9.2 × 105
(b) 6 × 10–5 (b) 2 × 10–7
(c) 2.1 × 10–6 (c) 3.8 × 10–4
Sol!(a) 7 × 103 Sol!(a) 9.2 × 105
7.000
= 7 × 1 000 = 9.2 × ( )
Move to the right 9.2_______
= 7 000 =
for 3 digits _
! (b) 6 × 10–5 (b) 2 × 10–7 ___ digits
0000 06.
= 6 × 0.000 01 =
Move to the left
= 0.000 06 __________2.
for 5 digits
___ digits
(c) 2.1 × 10–6 (c) 3.8 × 10–4
= 2.1 × 0.000 001 0000 =
= 0.000 002 1 002.1 ________3.8
6 digits
___ digits

3. Express the following numbers as integers or decimals.

(a) 8 × 104 (b) 7.3 × 106

(c) 4 × 10–8 (d) 5.06 × 10–5

Ex 2B 4

2.2B Applications of Scientific Notation

I. Simplifying Operations

Example 4 Instant Drill 4

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 Without using a calculator, evaluate Without using a calculator, evaluate
5 × 106 + 3.8 × 107 and express the answer in 6.3 × 108 + 2 × 107 and express the answer in
scientific notation. scientific notation.
2 × 107
5 × 106
Sol! 5 × 10 + 3.8 × 10
6 7
= (0.5 × 101) × 106
Sol! 6.3 × 10 + 2 × 10
8 7
= [( ) × 101] ×
= 0.5 × 107 + 3.8 × 107 = 107
= 0.5 × 107
= (0.5 + 3.8) × 107 =( ) × 108
= 4.3 × 107

Example 5 Instant Drill 5

Without using a calculator, evaluate Without using a calculator, evaluate
(4 × 102) × (3 × 106) and express the answer in (6 × 10–5) × (7 × 109) and express the answer in
scientific notation. scientific notation.

Sol! (4 × 102) × (3 × 106) Sol! (6 × 10–5) × (7 × 109) 10–5 × 109

= (4 × 3) × 102 + 6 am × an = am + = = 10( ) +
( )
= 12 × 108 n

= 1.2 × 10 12 = 1.2 × 101

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Without using a calculator, evaluate the following expressions and express the answers in scientific
notation. [Nos. 4–7] Express each
4. 7.2 × 106 – 4.2 × 105 5. 2 000 000 + 40 000 000 term in
scientific
notation

!
!
Ex 2B 5(a), (b)!

am ÷ an = am –
6. (6.2 × 109) × (2 × 10–13) 7. (8.1 × 10–4) ÷ (3 × 105) n

! Ex 2B 5(c), (d)!
II. Practical Applications

8. Express the following data in scientific notation.

(a) The radius of moon is about 17 381 000 m.
(b) The length of an Amoeba is about 0.000 22 m.
(c) The world population in 2017 is about 7 510 000 000.
(d) The diameter of a human red blood cell is about 0.000 006 2 m.
Ex 2B 7

 ‘Explain Your Answer’ Question

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9. The diameter of the Earth is about 1.27 × 104 km. The distance between the Jupiter and the
Earth is about 629 000 000 km. Susan claims that the distance between the Jupiter and the
Earth is more than 50 000 times the diameter of the Earth. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
Distance between the Jupiter and the Earth = 629 000 000 km = ( ) × 10( )
km
The required number of times = Express this
data in
scientific
notation
" ______________ ( > / = / < ) 50 000
! !!The claim is (agreed / disagreed).

 Level Up Questions
10. Round off the following numbers to 3 significant figures and express the results in scientific
notation.
(a) 2 468.3 = ( ), cor. to 3 sig. fig.
Round off the number
i.e. 2 468.3 = , cor. to 3 sig. first.
fig.

(b) 0.000 517 29

11. Without using a calculator, evaluate 7.4 × 106 – 3.62 × 105 + 8 × 104 and express the answer
in scientific notation.

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New Century Mathematics (2nd Edition) 3A

2 Laws of Indices
Consolidation Exercise
2B

Level 1!!
1. Determine whether each of the following is expressed in scientific notation. If not, express the
number in scientific notation.
(a) −3.14 × 100 (b) 4.27 × (−10)5
(c) 8.73 × 10−8 (d) −65.3 × 10−5

2. Express each of the following numbers in scientific notation.

(a) 8 000 000 000 (b) 2 296.03
(c) 9 580 000 (d) 0.003 109
(e) 0.000 401 (f) 0.000 098

3. Round off the following numbers to 3 significant figures and express the results in scientific
notation.
(a) 9 753.1 (b) 907 684.27
(c) 0.040 742 (d) 0.000 246 89
27 5
(e) 360 (f) 73
51 11

4. Express each of the following numbers as an integer or a decimal.

(a) 5 × 103 (b) 9.53 × 106
(c) −6.19 × 105 (d) −10−3
(e) 6.1 × 10–1 (f) 3.93 × 10−5

5. Without using a calculator, evaluate the following expressions and express the answers in
scientific notation.
(a) 256 000 000 000 + 8 300 000 000 (b) 0.000 000 045 − 0.000 000 144
(c) (5 × 1036) × (2 × 10−24) (d) (6 × 10–4) ÷ (3 × 102)

6. Use a calculator to evaluate the following expressions and express the answers in scientific
notation.
(a) 8.5 × 106 + 7.3 × 107 (b) 2.3 × 1015 − 6.9 × 1014
(c) (5.4 × 103) × (9.5 × 10−6) (d) (2.43 × 10−12) ÷ (9 × 10−7)

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7. Express the following data in scientific notation.
(a) The surface area of the moon is about 38 000 000 km2.
(b) Hong Kong citizens dispose about 15 000 000 000 g of garbage every day.
(c) The average diameter of human hair is about 0.000 05 m.
(d) The diameter of a water molecule is about 0.000 000 29 mm.

Level 2!!
8. Without using a calculator, evaluate the following expressions and express the answers in
scientific notation.
(a) 4 × 102 + 0.7 × 104 − 2 × 103
(b) 6.6 × 10−6 + 20 × 10−8 + 1 × 10−7
(c) 34 × 103 + 5.8 × 104 + 0.72 × 105
(d) –840 × 10−2 + 98 × 10−1 + 7 × 101

9. Without using a calculator, find the values of the following expressions and express the answers
in scientific notation.
25 000 000 × 5 000 000
(a)
0.000 000 000 5
3 000 000 2 − 8 300 000 000 000
(b)
2 800 000 000 −1

10.Use a calculator to find the values of the following expressions correct to 2 significant figures,
and express the answers in scientific notation.
−3
 13 000 32 000 
(a)  +  (b) 83 ÷ (4 001−3 × 4 0078)
 7 9 

2
2 331  6.4 × 10 − 3 
(c) (d) 10 − 2 − 
4.6 × 10−6  2 × 10 2 

11. A jet has travelled for 39.7 hours. If the average speed of the jet is 2.8 × 102 m/s, find the
distance travelled in m.
(Give the answer correct to 3 significant figures and express the result in scientific notation.)

12. "ABC is a right-angled triangle with ∠ABC = 90°. If AB = 1.3 × 1010 m and
BC = 9.6 × 109 m, find the length of AC in m.
(Give the answer correct to 2 significant figures and express the result in scientific notation.)

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