PHYSICAL SCIENCES TRAINING MANUAL

CAPS

ACIDS AND BASES

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
GRADE 12

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Acids and bases Answers Grade 12 FSDoE 2014

Daily task 1: Homework/Classwork

Question 1: Multiple choice questions

1.1 C 1.2 C 1.3 A 1.4 D

1.5 C 1.6 D 1.7 C 1.8 A
1.9 C 1.10 D (largest ionic charge, most difficult to remove H+.)
1.11 A 1.12 D

Contextual questions

Question 2
2.1
2.1.1 NH4 2.1.2 NH3 2.1.3 C10H15N 2 2.1.4 H3O+
2.2
2.2.1 Cℓ- 2.2.2 HCO3 2.2.3 OH–- 2.2.4 PO 34

Question 3
3.1
3.1.1 HCℓ + H2O → H3O+ + Cℓ-
a1 b2 a2 b1

3.1.2 O2- + H2O → OH– + OH–

b1 a2 a1 b2

3.1.3 NH4 + BrO3 → NH3 + HBrO3

a1 b2 b1 a2

3.1.4 NH3 + H3PO4 → NH4 + H2PO4

b1 a2 a1 b2

3.1.5 HPO24 + HSO4 → H2PO4 + SO 24

b1 a2 a1 b2

3.2 H2O; H2PO4 ; OH–

Question 4
4.1 HNO2(aq) + HCO3 (aq) ⇌ NO 2 (aq) + H2CO3 (aq)

4.2 A pair of compounds or ions that differ by the presence of one H+ ion.

4.3 HNO2(aq) and NO 2 (aq) OR HCO3 (aq) and H2CO3 (aq)

Question 5
5.1 NH4 + HCO3 ⇌ NH3 + H2CO3

5.2 HCO3 and NH3

5.3 The reaction will favour the products. HCO3 will have, due to its negative charge, a greater
tendency to accept a H+ tan the neutral NH3 , a weaker base.
NH4 is a stronger acid than H2CO3 and will donate a H+ easier than H2CO3 .
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Acids and bases Answers Grade 12 FSDoE 2014

Question 6
6.1 Cℓ-; CH3COO-; OH–

6.2 NH4 ; HSO4 ; H3O+

Daily task 2: Homework/Classwork

Question 1: Multiple choice questions

1.1 B 1.2 D
1.3 C 1.4 B
1.5 A (strongest acid of the four acids) 1.6 A
1.7 B 1.8 C
1.9 C 1.10 B
1.11 C 1.12 B
1.13 C

Contextual questions

Question 2
2.1 Neutral
Salt of a strong acid and a strong base. Na+ and NO 3 will not undergo hydrolysis.

2.2 Basic
Salt of strong base and weak acid.
Na+ will not undergo hydrolysis.
HCO 3 is the conjugate base of a weak acid and will undergo hydrolysis:
HCO 3 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 + OH-
Formation of OH- causes solution to be basic.

2.3 Basic
Salt of strong base and weak acid.
K+ will not undergo hydrolysis.
CO 32  + H2O ⇌ HCO 3 + OH-
Formation of OH- causes solution to be basic.

2.4 Acidic
Salt of strong acid and a weak base.
NO3 will not undergo hydrolysis.
NH4 the conjugate acid of a weak base and will undergo hydrolysis:
NH4 + H2O ⇌ NH3 + H3O+
Formation of H3O+ causes solution to be acidic.
Question 3
3.1 The reaction of a salt with water.
OR
The reaction of an ion with water to produce the conjugate acid and a hydroxide ion or the
conjugate base and a hydronium ion.

3.2 NaOH; HCO 3

3.3 NaOH – strong base; HCO 3 - weak acid.

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Acids and bases Answers Grade 12 FSDoE 2014

3.4 Greater than 7

3.5 CO32 + H2O ⇌ HCO 3 + OH-

Question 4
4.1 NH3 and HNO3

4.2 NH3 – weak base; HNO3 – strong acid

4.3 Less than 7

4.4 NH4 + H2O ⇌ NH3 + H3O+

Formation of H3O+ causes solution to be acidic.

Daily task 3: Homework/Classwork

Question 1: Multiple choice questions

1.1 A 1.2 A
1.3 B 1.4 B
1.5 A 1.6 B

Contextual questions

Question 2
2NaOH + H2S ⇌ Na2S + 2H2O
nb = cbVb = (0,3)(31,8 x 10-3) = 9,54 x 10-3 mol
n 1 1 1
From balanced equation: a   na  nb  na = 2(9,54 x 10-3) = 4,77 x 10-3 mol
nb 2 2 2
n 4,77  103
ca   3
= 0,19 mol·dm-3
V 25  10
Question 3
2HNO3 + Sr(OH)2 → Sr(NO3)2 + 2H2O
nb = cbVb = (0,25)(25 x 10-3) = 6,25 x 10-3 mol
n 2
From balanced equation: a   na  2nb  na = 2(6,25 x 10-3) = 0,0125 mol
nb 1
n 0,0125
ca   0,3 =  V = 0,04167 dm3 = 41,67 cm3
V V

Question 4
4.1 A solution of precisely known concentration.

4.2 It ionises completely in water.

4.3 H2SO4 (ℓ) + 2H2O(ℓ) → 2H3O+(aq) + SO24  (aq)

4.4 nb = cbVb = (0,2)(20 x 10-3) = 4 x 10-3 mol

na 1 1 1
4.5 From balanced equation:   na  nb  na = (4 x 10-3) = 2 x 10-3 mol
nb 2 2 2
n 2  103
4.6 ca   = 0,17 mol·dm-3
V 12  10 3
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Acids and bases Answers Grade 12 FSDoE 2014

4.7 Methyl orange

Weak base with strong acid and pH at equivalence point will be smaller than 7.
Question 5
5.1 A strong acid ionises completely in water.

5.2 CO32  + H2O ⇌ HCO3 + OH–

5.3
5.3.1 pH = -log[H3O+]  [H3O+] = 10-pH = 10-3 = 1 x 10-3 mol∙dm-3

5.3.2 No

5.3.3 [H3O+] < [acid] and thus the acid is only partially ionised and is a weak acid.

5.4 nb = cbVb = (0,5)(28 x 10-3) = 0,014 mol

n 1
From balanced equation: a   na  nb = 0,014 mol
nb 1
n(acid in excess) = 0,014 mol
n(acid in flask) = caVa = (1,0)(50 x 10-3) = 50 x 10-3 mol
n(acid reacted) = 50 x 10-3 - 0,014 = 0,036 mol
n 2 1 1
Mole CaCO3: From balanced equation: a   nb  nb = (0,036) = 0,018 mol
nb 1 2 2
m m
Mass CaCO3: n   0,018 =  m = 1,8 g
M 100

Daily task 4: Homework/Classwork

Question 1: Multiple choice questions

1.1 A 1.2 B
1.3 D 1.4 C
1.5 D

Contextual questions

Question 2
2.1 pH = -log[H3O+] = -log(2,9 x 10-4) = 3,54.

2.2 Acidic

Question 3
3.1 pH = -log[H3O+] = 7,4
 [H3O+] = 10-pH = 10-7,4 = 3,98 x 10-8 mol·dm-3

3.2 pH = -log[H3O+] = 3,16

 [H3O+] = 10-pH = 10-3,16 = 6,92 x 10-4 mol·dm-3

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Acids and bases Answers Grade 12 FSDoE 2014

Question 4
4.1 Kw = [H3O ][OH ] = 1,0 x 10-14
 [H3O+](2,5) = 1,0 x 10-14
 [H3O+] = 4 x 10-15 mol·dm-3
pH = -log[H3O+] = -log(4 x 10-15) = 14,39

OR
[OH–] = [KOH] = 2,5
pOH = -log[2,5] = - 0,397
pH + pOH = 14  pH + (-0,397) = 14  pH = 14,39

4.2 pH = -log[H3O+] = 13,48

 [H3O+] = 10-pH = 10-13,48 = 3,31 x 10-14 mol·dm-3

4.3 pH = -log[H3O+] = -log(2 x 1,5) = - 0,48

4.4 pH + pOH = 14  10,6 + pOH = 14  pOH = 3,4

pOH = -log[OH–]  [OH–] = 10-3,4 = 3,98 x 10-4 mol·dm-3
Question 5
5.1 HCℓ(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCℓ(aq) + H2O(ℓ)

5.2 na = caVa = (0,5)(1) = 0,5 mol

5.3 nb = na = 0,5 mol

5.4 HCℓ

5.5 na(in excess) = 0,5 – 0,06 = 0,44 mol

n 0,44
ca  = = 0,44 mol·dm-3
V 1

[H3O+] = [HCℓ] = 0,44 mol·dm-3

pH = -log[H3O+] = -log(0,44) = 0,36

Daily task 5: Homework/Classwork

Question 1: Multiple choice questions

1.1 D 1.2 A
1.3 B 1.4 B
1.5 C

Daily task 6: Homework/Class work

Question 1: Multiple choice questions

1.1 B 1.2 A
1.3 C 1.4 D
1.5 B 1.6 A
1.7 D 1.8 C
1.9 B 1.10 B
1.11 A 1.12 D

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Acids and bases Answers Grade 12 FSDoE 2014

Contextual questions
Question 2
2.1 NaHCO3 + HCℓ → NaCℓ + CO2 + H2O

2.2 na = caVa = (0,2)(23,75 x 10-3) = 4,75 x 10-3 mol

na 1
From balanced equation:   na  nb  nb = 4,75 x 10-3 mol
nb 1

m m
2.3 Mass NaHCO3: n   4,75 x 10-3 =  m = 0,399 g
M 84
0,399
%Purity = x 100 = 99,75%
0,4

Question 3
H2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

na = caVa = (0,33)(37 x 10-3) = 0,012 mol

na 1
From balanced equation:   nb  2na  nb = 2(0,012) = 0,024 mol
nb 2

nb = cbVb  0,024 = 0,53Vb  Vb = 0,046 dm3 = 46 cm3l

Question 4
4.1 Battery acid

4.2 pH = -log[H3O+] = 13,48

 [H3O+] = 10-pH = 10,-4,2 = 6,31 x 10-5 mol·dm-3
Kw = [H3O ][OH ] = 1,0 x 10-14
 [OH ] (6,31 x 10-5) = 1,0 x 10-14
 [OH ] = 1,58 x 10-10 mol·dm-3
4.3
4.3.1 Increases
4.3.2 Increases

Question 5
5.1 Acid ionises/dissociates (almost) completely in water.

5.2 n(NaOH) = cbVb = (0,5)(28 x 10-3) = 0,014 mol

n 1
From balanced equation: a   na  nb = 0,014 mol
nb 1
n(HCℓ originally) = caVa = (1)(50 x 10-3) = 0,05 mol
n(HCℓ reacted with CaCO3) = 0,05 – 0,014 = 0,036 mol
n(CaCO3 reacted):
n 2 1 1
From balanced equation: a   nb  na = (0,036) = 0,018 mol
nb 1 2 2
m m
n  0,01 =  m = 2,86 g
M 286

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Acids and bases Answers Grade 12 FSDoE 2014

Question 6
6.1
6.1.1 An acid that can donate two H+ ions.

6.1.2 H2SO4; (COOH)2; H2S

6.2
6.2.1 pH = -log[H3O+] = -log(1) = 0,1 mol·dm-3

6.2.2 Increase

6.3
6.3.1 Na2CO3 + 2HCℓ → 2NaCℓ + H2O + CO2

6.3.2 na = caVa = (0,1)(200 x 10-3) = 0,02 mol

n 2 1 1
From balanced equation: a   nb  na = (0,02) = 0,01 mol
nb 1 2 2
m m
Mass CaCO3: n   0,01 =  m = 2,86 g
M 286

6.3.3 Methyl red

6.3.4 Titration of strong acid and weak base. pH at equivalence point is lower than 7/acidic which
is in the colour change range of methyl red.

Question 7
When a solution of hydrochloric acid is added the concentration of H3O+(aq) ions increases
(common ion. The reverse reaction is favoured to reduce the [H3O+(aq)].
More C20H14O4(aq) + 2H2O(ℓ) are formed and the solution turns/ is colourless.

Question 8
8.1 pH = -log[H3O+] = -log[3,2 x 10-5] = 4,49
pH < 5,5 and therefore fish species will not survive.

8.2
8.2.1 nb = cbVb = (1,0)(100 x 10-3) = 100 x 10-3 mol

8.2.2 na = caVa = (0,3)(45 x 10-3) = 0,0135 mol

n 1
From balanced equation: a   nb  2na = 2(0,0135) = 0,027 mol
nb 2
8.2.3 n(NaOH used with NH4Cℓ) = (0,1 – 0,027) = 0,073 mol
But 1 mol NaOH reacts with 1 mol NH4Cℓ
 0,073 mol NaOH reacts with 0,073 mol NH4Cℓ
 m (NH4Cℓ) = nM = (0,073)(53,5) = 3,91 g

8.2.4 Bromothymol blue

8.2.5 The equivalence point of the titration of a strong acid (H2SO4) with a strong base (NaOH) is
at pH = 7 which is within the colour change range of bromothymol blue.

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Acids and bases Answers Grade 12 FSDoE 2014

Question 9
m 8
9.1 cb   3
= 0,57 mol·dm-3
MV ( 40)(350  10 )
nb = cbVb = (0,57)(15 x 10-3) = 8,57 x 10-3 mol
n 1 1 1
From balanced equation: a   na  nb = (8,57 x 10-3) = 4,29 x 10-3 mol
nb 2 2 2
n 4,29  103
ca  = 3
= 0,21 mol·dm-3
V 20  10

9.2
9.2.1 HCℓ + H2O → H3O+ + Cℓ-
HCℓ is a strong acid and ionises completely in water to form H3O+ ions that causes the pH
to decrease.

9.2.2 Na2CO3 + 2HCℓ → 2NaCℓ + H2O + CO2

pH = -log[H3O+] = 4
 [H3O+] = 10-pH = 10-4 = 1 x 10-4 mol·dm-3
na = caVa = (1 x 10-4)(1) = 1 x 10-4 mol
n 2 1 1
From balanced equation: a   nb  na = (1 x 10-4) = 0,5 x 10-4 mol
nb 1 2 2
m m
Mass CaCO3: n   0,5 x 10-4 =  m = 5,3 x 10-3 g
M 106

9.2.3 Increase salinity o water / Increase the salt concentration in water.

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