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    Laws-of-Exponents 230909 153054

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    Beverly Cepeda
    1) Exponential notation defines an as a multiplied by itself n times, where n is the exponent and a is the base. 2) The laws of exponents include: the product rule, power of a power rule, power of a product rule, quotient rule, power of a quotient rule, rules for zero and negative exponents, and definitions of nth roots and rational exponents. 3) Examples are provided to illustrate each law or rule.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Laws-of-Exponents 230909 153054

    Uploaded by

    Beverly Cepeda
    11 views13 pages
    1) Exponential notation defines an as a multiplied by itself n times, where n is the exponent and a is the base. 2) The laws of exponents include: the product rule, power of a power rule, power of a product rule, quotient rule, power of a quotient rule, rules for zero and negative exponents, and definitions of nth roots and rational exponents. 3) Examples are provided to illustrate each law or rule.

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    1) Exponential notation defines an as a multiplied by itself n times, where n is the exponent and a is the base. 2) The laws of exponents include: the product rule, power of a power rule, power of a product rule, quotient rule, power of a quotient rule, rules for zero and negative exponents, and definitions of nth roots and rational exponents. 3) Examples are provided to illustrate each law or rule.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views13 pages

    Laws-of-Exponents 230909 153054

    Uploaded by

    Beverly Cepeda
    1) Exponential notation defines an as a multiplied by itself n times, where n is the exponent and a is the base. 2) The laws of exponents include: the product rule, power of a power rule, power of a product rule, quotient rule, power of a quotient rule, rules for zero and negative exponents, and definitions of nth roots and rational exponents. 3) Examples are provided to illustrate each law or rule.

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    The Laws of Exponents

    Exponential Notation
    For a real number 𝑎 and a positive integer 𝑛, exponentials are
    defined by
    𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 ∙ 𝑎 ∙ 𝑎 ∙ ⋯ ∙ 𝑎 (𝑛 factors of 𝑎)
    Where 𝑛 is called the exponent, 𝑎 is called the base, and 𝑎𝑛 is
    called the 𝑛𝑡ℎ power of 𝑎.

    Note: 𝑎1 = 𝑎
    The Laws of Exponents

    Theorem 1. Product Rule


    If 𝑛 and 𝑚 are positive integers and 𝑎 is a real number, then
    𝑎𝑛 ∙ 𝑎𝑚 = 𝑎𝑛+𝑚
    Example:
    1. 23 ∙ 22 =
    2. 𝑥 4 ∙ 𝑥 =
    3. 𝑦 3 ∙ 𝑦 7 =
    4. 4𝑥 4 𝑦 3 −5𝑥 5 𝑦 2 =
    5. 4𝑛𝑥 5𝑛 5𝑛𝑥 4𝑛 =
    The Laws of Exponents

    Theorem 2. Power of a Power


    If 𝑛 and 𝑚 are positive integers and 𝑎 is a real number, then
    𝑎𝑛 𝑚 = 𝑎𝑛𝑚
    Example:
    3 2
    1. 2 =
    2 5
    2. 𝑥 =
    3. 𝑦4 6 =
    2 𝑛
    4. 𝑥 =
    5. 𝑥𝑛 𝑛 =
    The Laws of Exponents

    Theorem 3. Power of a Product


    If 𝑛 is a positive integer and 𝑎 and 𝑏 are real numbers, then
    𝑎𝑏 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑛
    Example:
    2 4 5
    1. 𝑥 𝑦 =
    3 4
    2. 3𝑎 =
    3 2 3 2 3 4 4
    3. 2𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 −𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 =
    The Laws of Exponents
    Theorem 4. Quotient Rule
    If 𝑛 and 𝑚 are positive integers and 𝑎 is a real number
    where 𝑎 ≠ 0, then
    𝑎𝑛−𝑚 𝑖𝑓 𝑛>𝑚
    𝑎𝑛 1
    𝑚
    = 𝑖𝑓 𝑛<𝑚
    𝑎 𝑎𝑚−𝑛
    1 𝑖𝑓 𝑛=𝑚
    Example:
    𝑥6
    1. 𝑥 23
    =
    𝑥
    2. 𝑥 75
    =
    𝑥
    3. 𝑥5
    =
    The Laws of Exponents

    Example:
    Find the following quotients
    8𝑎5 𝑏2
    1. 2𝑎3 𝑏8
    =
    6𝑛𝑥 6𝑛
    2. 3𝑛𝑥 3𝑛
    =
    The Laws of Exponents

    Theorem 5. Power of a Quotient


    If 𝑛 is a positive integer and 𝑎 and 𝑏 are real numbers where 𝑏 ≠ 0,
    then
    𝑎 𝑛 𝑎𝑛
    = 𝑛
    𝑏 𝑏
    Example:
    2 5
    1. 3
    =
    3
    𝑥4𝑧2
    2. 𝑦3
    =
    The Laws of Exponents

    Definition. Zero and Negative-Integer Exponents


    If 𝑛 is a positive integer and 𝑎 is a real number where a ≠ 0, then
    𝑎0 = 1
    −𝑛
    1
    𝑎 = 𝑛
    𝑎
    Example:
    1. 60 =
    2. 4−2 =
    3. −5 0 −2 −3
    The Laws of Exponents

    Exercise:
    −1
    1. 2−3 ∙3 −2 =
    −1
    2. 2−3 +3 −2 =
    −2
    𝑥 −3 𝑦 4 𝑧 −5
    3. 𝑥 6 𝑦 −2 𝑧 −4
    =
    The Laws of Exponents

    Definition. Nth root of a real number


    If 𝑛 is a positive integer greater than 1, and 𝑎 and 𝑏 are real
    numbers such that,
    𝑏𝑛 = 𝑎
    Then 𝑏 is an 𝑛th root of 𝑎
    The Laws of Exponents

    Definition. Rational Exponents


    If 𝑛 is a positive integer greater than 1, and 𝑎 is a real number,
    then if 𝑛 𝑎 is a real number
    1
    =𝑛𝑎
    𝑎𝑛
    If 𝑚 and 𝑛 are positive integers that are relatively and 𝑎 is a real
    𝑛
    number, then if 𝑎 is a real number
    𝑚 𝑚 𝑚 1
    𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛
    𝑎 ⟺ 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚 𝑛

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