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    Carnot Heat Engine

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    vijay kumar honnali
    1. The Carnot heat engine is a theoretical heat engine that operates based on the Carnot cycle and was first developed by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in 1824 as the most efficient heat engine possible. 2. A Carnot engine transfers energy from a warm reservoir to a cool reservoir, converting some of the energy to mechanical work through a thermodynamic cycle that involves changing the engine's state, and can also operate in reverse as a refrigerator or heat pump. 3. While a theoretical construct, the Carnot engine established the limits of efficiency for real heat engines based on the temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs used.

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    Carnot Heat Engine

    Uploaded by

    vijay kumar honnali
    44 views2 pages
    1. The Carnot heat engine is a theoretical heat engine that operates based on the Carnot cycle and was first developed by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in 1824 as the most efficient heat engine possible. 2. A Carnot engine transfers energy from a warm reservoir to a cool reservoir, converting some of the energy to mechanical work through a thermodynamic cycle that involves changing the engine's state, and can also operate in reverse as a refrigerator or heat pump. 3. While a theoretical construct, the Carnot engine established the limits of efficiency for real heat engines based on the temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs used.

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    Carnot engine working

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    Carnot heat engine

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    1. The Carnot heat engine is a theoretical heat engine that operates based on the Carnot cycle and was first developed by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in 1824 as the most efficient heat engine possible. 2. A Carnot engine transfers energy from a warm reservoir to a cool reservoir, converting some of the energy to mechanical work through a thermodynamic cycle that involves changing the engine's state, and can also operate in reverse as a refrigerator or heat pump. 3. While a theoretical construct, the Carnot engine established the limits of efficiency for real heat engines based on the temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs used.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    44 views2 pages

    Carnot Heat Engine

    Uploaded by

    vijay kumar honnali
    1. The Carnot heat engine is a theoretical heat engine that operates based on the Carnot cycle and was first developed by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in 1824 as the most efficient heat engine possible. 2. A Carnot engine transfers energy from a warm reservoir to a cool reservoir, converting some of the energy to mechanical work through a thermodynamic cycle that involves changing the engine's state, and can also operate in reverse as a refrigerator or heat pump. 3. While a theoretical construct, the Carnot engine established the limits of efficiency for real heat engines based on the temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs used.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Carnot heat engine

    Axial cross section of Carnot's heat engine. In this


    diagram, abcd is a cylindrical vessel, cd is a movable piston, and A and B are constant–
    temperature bodies. The vessel may be placed in contact with either body or removed
    from both (as it is here).
    [1]

    A Carnot heat engine[2] is a theoretical heat engine that operates on the Carnot cycle.
    The basic model for this engine was developed by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in
    1824. The Carnot engine model was graphically expanded by Benoît Paul Émile
    Clapeyron in 1834 and mathematically explored by Rudolf Clausius in 1857, work that
    led to the fundamental thermodynamic concept of entropy. The Carnot engine is the
    most efficient heat engine which is theoretically possible.[3] The efficiency depends only
    upon the absolute temperatures of the hot and cold heat reservoirs between which it
    operates.
    A heat engine acts by transferring energy from a warm region to a cool region of space
    and, in the process, converting some of that energy to mechanical work. The cycle may
    also be reversed. The system may be worked upon by an external force, and in the
    process, it can transfer thermal energy from a cooler system to a warmer one, thereby
    acting as a refrigerator or heat pump rather than a heat engine.
    Every thermodynamic system exists in a particular state. A thermodynamic cycle occurs
    when a system is taken through a series of different states, and finally returned to its
    initial state. In the process of going through this cycle, the system may perform work on
    its surroundings, thereby acting as a heat engine.
    The Carnot engine is a theoretical construct, useful for exploring the efficiency limits of
    other heat engines. An actual Carnot engine, however, would be completely impractical
    to build.
    Carnot's diagram[edit]
    In the adjacent diagram, from Carnot's 1824 work, Reflections on the Motive Power of
    Fire,[4] there are "two bodies A and B, kept each at a constant temperature, that
    of A being higher than that of B. These two bodies to which we can give, or from which
    we can remove the heat without causing their temperatures to vary, exercise the
    functions of two unlimited reservoirs of caloric. We will call the first the furnace and the
    second the refrigerator."[5] Carnot then explains how we can obtain motive power, i.e.,
    "work", by carrying a certain quantity of heat from body A to body B. It also acts as a
    cooler and hence can also act as a refrigerator.

    Modern diagram[edit]

    Carnot engine diagram (modern) - where an


    amount of heat Q flows from a high temperature T furnace through the fluid of the
    H H

    "working body" (working substance) and the remaining heat Q flows into the cold
    C

    sink T , thus forcing the working substance to do mechanical work W on the


    C

    surroundings, via cycles of contractions and expansions.


    The previous image shows the original piston-and-cylinder diagram used by Carnot in
    discussing his ideal engine. The figure at right shows a block diagram of a generic heat
    engine, such as the Carnot engine. In the diagram, the "working body" (system), a term
    introduced by Clausius in 1850, can be any fluid or vapor body through
    which heat Q can be introduced or transmitted to produce work. Carnot had postulated
    that the fluid body could be any substance capable of expansion, such as vapor of
    water, vapor of alcohol, vapor of mercury, a permanent gas, air, etc. Although in those
    early years, engines came in a number of configurations, typically QH was supplied by a
    boiler, wherein water was boiled over a furnace; QC was typically removed by a stream
    of cold flowing water in the form of a condenser located on a separate part of the
    engine. The output work, W, is transmitted by the movement of the piston as it is used
    to turn a crank-arm, which in turn was typically used to power a pulley so as to lift water
    out of flooded salt mines. Carnot defined work as "weight lifted through a height".

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