BOLDSTEPS INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, NYANYA-ABUJA

SS1 FIRST TERM

COMPUTER PROJECT

TITLE:
COMPUTER SOFTWARE

BY:
MARYAM MUHAMMAD

DATE:
5TH OCTOBER, 2023.

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 DEDICATION
I dedicate this project to Allah Almighty who grant me the necessary wisdom and
knowledge to accomplish this task and to my ever loving parents Mr/Mrs. Bukar
Mala for their relentless support and encouragements during the course of this
project.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, I thank Allah Almighty for making all things possible.
I want to specially acknowledge my computer teacher Mr. Halifax for his numerous
contributions, encouragements and positive impact, and who ensure that I am well
equipped and trained in character and learning. I also record my appreciation to the
entire staff of Boldsteps International School Nyanya, FCT, Abuja.
I would like to express my deepest gratitude and appreciation to my beloved Parents
Mr./Mrs. Bukar Mala and my siblings for their encouragements and overwhelming
support to complete this project.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page………………………………………….………………………..……………………………..….1
Dedication…………………………………………………………………….……….…………….……..…2
Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………….………..…………….……....3
Table of contents……………………………………………………………….……..……..………………..4
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction………………………………………………………….……………………..…………………5
What is computer software ?............................................................................................................................5
Types of software…………………………………………………….……...……………….…..……..…….5
System software……………………………………………………...……………….………………………5
Functions of system software……………………………………………………….………………………..5
Categories of system software……………………………………...…………………….…………………..5
CHAPTER TWO
Operating system software…………………………………………………….……….……………………..6
Types of Operating System………………….……………………………………………..………………..6
Examples of Operating System Software……………………………….…….…………….………………6
Function Of Operating System (OS)………………………………….…………………………………….6
Command-Line User Interface:…………………..…...……………………………………….……………..7
Advantages of Command User Interface:………………………..............................................…………….7
Disadvantages of Command User Interface ………………………………………………………………..7
Graphical User Interface (GUI)…………………………………………...……………….………………..7
Advantages of Graphical User Interface (GUI)…………………………….……………………………….7
Disadvantages of Graphical User Interface (GUI ………………………….…………………..…………..7
CHAPTER THREE

Utility Software…………………………………………………………………………………..…………..8
Functions of the Utility Programs………………………………………………………………………..….8
Common Utilities Used………………………………………………………………………………….…..8
Device Drivers…………………………………………….………………………………………………….9
Programming Language………………………………………………………………………………………9
Functions Of Software Programmer……………………………………………………………………..….9
Types Of Programming Languages………………………………………………………………………….9
Language Processors/Translators…………………………………………………………………………..11
Common Terms Used In Programming………………………………………………………………….....12
CHAPTER FOUR
Application Software…………………………………………………………………………………..……13
Types Of Application Software…………………………………………………………………………….13
Shelf Packages…………………………………………………………………............................................13
Advantages of off-shelf packages………………………………………………………………………...…16
Disadvantages of off-shelf packages………………………………………………………………………..16
Customized programs/ Bespoke/ Tailor-made programs…………………...............................................…16
Merits of customized programs…………………………………………………………………………......16
Disadvantages of customized software…………………………………………………………………..….17
Software Suite………………………………………………………………………………………........…18
Examples of software suites………………………………………………………………………………...18
Advantages of using software suites……………………………………………………………………..….18
CHAPTER FIVE
Common Terminologies Used In Software………………………………………………………………....19
Characteristics Of Good Computer Software………………………………………………………………20
Factors To Consider Before Obtaining A Software Program…………………………………………….....20
Characteristics Of Good Software…………………………………………………………………………...20
Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………….....22
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………….…22
Reference ………………………………………………………………………………………………...…22

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 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
What Is Computer Software

Computer software refers to the electronic instructions and procedures that command and control
the operation of a computer. Software tells the computerwhat to do.

Illustration of computer software

TYPES OF SOFTWARE
There are mainly two types of software.
 System Software
 Application software
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
System software refers to a category of software that enables the computer to work and as well
control devices connected to it.
Or it refers the software that performs tasks related to the operation and performance of the
computer system.
System software is a set of programs designed to manage operations of the computer and avail
computer resources to the user.
FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEM SOFTWARE
 Booting the computer
 Making sure that all hardware elements are working properly
 Performing operations such as retrieving, loading, executing and storing application
programs
 Storing and retrieving files
 Performing a variety of system utility functions.
CATEGORIES OF SYSTEM SOFTWARE
There are three categories of system software.
 Operating system
 Utility programs
 Programming

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 CHAPTER TWO
OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE

Operating system is a type of system software that performs daily activities of a computer.
These are programs that manage the computer resources.

TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

 Stand-alone operating system

 Network operating system
 Embedded operating system
 Real-time operating system (RTOS
 Distributed
 Single-user, multi-tasking
 Multi-user

EXAMPLES OF OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE

 Windows operating system

 Linux , Unix, Ubuntu Operating System
 Macintosh(MAC)
 Chrome operating system
 Novell operating system
 Android for mobile phones

FUNCTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)

 It helps in processor management e.g. multitasking and time sharing.

 Control the use of peripheral devices.
 It provides an environment that enables installation of applicationsoftware
 Controls the booting process of a computer
 Monitors system performance.
 Helps in administering security
 It helps in file management.
 It helps in connecting devices to work with computer(configuring ofdevices)
 Responsible for scheduling computer tasks/jobs
 Helps to establish network connections. Forms of
Operating System User Interfaces There are two forms of
Operating user interfaces.
 Command-Line User Interface:
 Graphical User interface

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 COMMAND-LINE USER INTERFACE:
With a command line interface, a user types keyboard or press special keys on the keyboard
to enter data and instructions. The set of commands a user uses to interact with the computer
is called command language. Examples are DOS, UNIX, Linux.

You are provided with a virtually empty screen with a blinking cursor where commands are keyed
and the computer executes them by pressing the enter key.

ADVANTAGES OF COMMAND USER INTERFACE:

 Commands are executed faster.

 Consumes limited Random Access Memory
 Cannot easily affected by viruses
 Ideal for programming and programmers
 Commands can be grouped together.

DISADVANTAGES OF COMMAND USER INTERFACES

 Commands are not easily memorized

 Requires a lot of knowledge to master the commands
 Commands have to be typed correctly
 No graphics on the screen.
 A mouse cannot be used

GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI)

Graphical user interface allows the user to use menus and visual images such as icons, buttons
and other graphical objects to issue commands.

ADVANTAGES OF GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI)

 It is user friendly because it is easy to learn and work with

 There is no need to type and memorize any command language.
 The interface is similar for any application.
 You are provided with a coloured screen with icons each representing aprogram.
 A mouse may be used.

DISADVANTAGES OF GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI)

 Require much more memory and as well as the processor

 Require much more desk space to hold the files
 Difficult to automate for expert users
 Easily affected by viruses
 Not good for programmers.

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 CHAPTER THREE
UTILITY SOFTWARE

This is parts of system software which are designed to configure, analyze, optimize and
maintain a computer in its operation.

Functions of the Utility Programs

 It detects and protects a computer against computer viruses

 It reduces screen burnout (ghosting) by playing a screen saver
 It increases desk space by compressing data files
 It checks disk errors and sometimes fixes them
 It stores the system functionality (i.e. system store)
 It enables computers to sort files in order.
 It enables a user to merge files
 It defragments hard disks
 It enables a user to encrypt files.

COMMON UTILITIES USED

Antivirus utility: used to search, find and remove viruses from the computer

System archives: These output a stream or a single file when provided with a directory/set of
files.

Disk checkers: these scan an operating hard drive for logical (file system) andphysical errors

Backup utility: makes a copy of all information stored on the hard disk onto another storage
medium e.g external hard disk, DVDs, etc.

Cryptographic utilities: used to encrypt and decrypt streams of files.

Data compression utilities: output a smaller file when provided with a file.

Disk compressors: these compress/reduce the size of the file thus increasingthe capacity of
the disk.

Disk defragmenters: These detect computer files whose content is scattered in several
locations on the hard disk and move fragments to one location to increase efficiency.

Screen savers: these prevent phosphor burn-in on CRT and plasma monitors by filling it
with moving images, patterns when the computer is not in use.

Sorting utilities: these help to organize data in a given order.

Memory testers: these check for memory failures.

Disk partition editors: these divide a drive into multiple logical drives, each with its own
file system which can be mounted by the operating system to be treated as an individual
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drive.

File synchronization utilities: these maintain consistency between two sources. They enable
redundancy or making copies of data.

System profilers: provide detailed information about the software installed and hardware
attached to the computer.

Network utilities: these analyze a computer’s network connectivity, configure network settings,
check data transfer or log events.

DEVICE DRIVERS

This is a small program that tells the operating system how to communicatewith the device.
Each device on a computer (e.g. a mouse) has its own specialized set of commands and
thus requires its own specific driver. The operating system loads each device’s driver when
the computer boots up.

To communicate with the hardware devices, the operating system relies ondevice drivers.

• A device driver is a program that accepts instructions and then converts them into
commands that the device understands.

• Each device on a computer, such as the keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer, card
reader/writer, and scanner, has its own device driver.

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

These refer to the languages used to write a computer instruction, programsoftware. A person
who writes a program is called a programmer.

FUNCTIONS OF SOFTWARE PROGRAMMER

 He writes a computer program

 He maintains a computer program
 He upgrades a computer
TYPES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

Programming languages are of two types

 Low level programming language

 High level programming language
Low level languages

This is a computer program written in machine code language, the language understood by a
computer. It is also referred to as binary language because it consists of only two digits. The
digits of 0s and 1s
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 Types of low-level languages

 Machine code language (First generation)

 Assembly language (Second generation)
Assembly (low-level) languages

This is a language which consist of mnemonic symbols (English like words)used to represent
the binary digits of zeros and ones of machine language.
Assembler languages are used to develop system software.

However computers can only understand machine language, thus assembler languages must be
translated into machine language for execution.

Advantages of Low level languages/Machine code

 Machine code program are executed faster.

 They don't require either a compiler or interpreters except assembly
 They are suitable to developing operating systems.
Disadvantages of Low level languages

 They are difficult to learn and understand.

 The instructions are expressed in binary form ( 0 and 1s)
 The programs are machine dependent hence difficult to be used by othermachines of
different family.

High level programming languages

This is a computer program written in official language (known to man) but should be
converted to machine code for a computer to understand.

High level languages consist of statements or sequences text including words, numbers and
punctuation, much like written natural languages.

Advantages of High level Languages

 They are machine independent and can be used by other computers.

 They are user friendly and problem oriented.
 They are easier to learn, write, correct and revise than assembler and machine
languages.
 They can be used for development of application software.
Disadvantages of High level Languages

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  They require to be translated to machine code
 They are not executed faster.
Examples of high level languages
 COBOL
 PASCAL  Ruby
 C++
 Python  C#(C-sharp)
 Java Script  PERL
 FORTRAN
 Java
 PHP
C

LANGUAGE PROCESSORS/TRANSLATORS

Language processors: These have to translate high level languages to machine code languages
which the processor can understand. They are software designed to translate from high level
language to low-level language.

Examples of language processors

A compiler: a compiler is a program which translates a whole source program from high
level language to low level language which can easily be understood by the computer.
An interpreter: This is a program that translates the source program line by line while the
program is running from high level language to low level language.
The assembler: This translates assembler instructions from assembley language to machine
code language or the binary code.
The linkers: These combine compiled programs and determine where the program will be
located in the memory.
Language editors
These are applications/software used to write computer language/codes. Some also
compile.

Examples of language editors

 Notepad
 Trouble c
 Borland
 Sublime Text
 Dev C, C++
 CodeBlocks
 Notepad ++

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 COMMON TERMS USED IN PROGRAMMING

Source code is a program instruction written as text file by the programmer that must be
translated by a compiler or interpreter or assembler into an object code before execution.

Source code cannot be understood by the computer until it has been translated into machine
code.

Execution is the process by which a computer system performs the instructionsof a computer
program.

Object code is a program code in machine language that is ready for execution by the
computer.

Bug is a logical problem in the program source code that stops the program to give wrong
results/ from running

Debugging is the process of detecting, checking and identifying problems and errors in the
source code.

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 CHAPTER FOUR
APPLICATION SOFTWARE

This is a software program that performs a specific and user function. Application software is
installed on operating system.

Application software consists of programs designed to perform specific tasks for end-
users. For example typing a letter.

TYPES OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE

Application software is categorized into two:

• Off-shelf packages

• Customized programs/ Bespoke/ Tailor-made programs OFF

SHELF PACKAGES

• These are programs already written and ready to be run upon their purchase.

MAIN CATEGORIES OF OFF SHELF PACKAGES

Word processors

These are programs that enable you to perform word processing functions, theyare document
production applications.

Word processing software

An application software with which a user creates, edits save, format And print letters reports
and other documents. E.g. word processing software, EZ word, word perfect etc

Spreadsheet software

An application with which a user can organize data in rows and columns create graphs and can
perform calculations e.g. Ms excel, Lotus 123, VisiCalc

Presentation software

An application with which a user can organize content on a slide for viewing by the audience.
Ms power point, Harvard graphics, Corel presentation

Database software

An application with which one can store lots of data for future manipulation

Desktop publishing software

Application software with which one can design publications like news papers, wedding cards

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 certificates etc

Imaging software application software with which done can edit, retouch aphotograph.

WEB BROWSING SOFTWARE

Web browsing software used for displaying and viewing webpages from the internet or html
documents on computers.

Examples Include:

 Mozilla Firefox,
 Internet Explorer
 Safari
 Opera
 Netscape Navigator
 Chrome
WEB AUTHORING SOFTWARE
Web authoring software – These are used by webmasters for building websites. Examples
include:
 Microsoft FrontPage,
 Adobe Dreamweaver,
 Microsoft Expression Web,
 Antenna Web Design Studio
 Sublime text 3
MEDIA PLAYERS FOR AUDIO AND VIDEO
Media Players for Audio and Video playback on computers. Examples include:
 Windows Media Player,
 Nero Showtime,
 Jet-Audio,
 Power DVD,
 VLC Media Player
 Virtual DJ, e.t.c.
GRAPHICS SOFTWARE
Graphics software – Used by graphic designers to create and design artistic graphics and to
manipulate visual images on a computer such as logos, cartoons etc.
Examples include
 Paint,
 Adobe Photo shop,
 Corel Draw,
 Adobe Illustrator etc.
ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE
Accounting software helps companies to record and report their financial transactions. With
accounting soft-ware, you perform accounting activities related to the general ledger,
accounts receivable, accounts payable, purchasing, invoicing, job costing, payroll functions,
etc. Examples include Quick Books

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 AUDIO AND VIDEO EDITING SOFTWARE

Audio editing software lets users produce studio quality soundtracks. With video editing
software, you can modify video clips: you can reduce the length ofa video clip, reorder a series
of clips, or add special effects such as words that move horizontally across the screen etc.

 Adobe Premier Video Editor

 Ulead Video Editor
 Adobe Audition for –audio
 Fruity Loops Studio-audio

IMAGES VIEWING SOFTWARE

This refers to computer applications primarily used for previewing digital photographs on the
computer screen.

Many have basic features such as viewing thumbnails, slideshows, printing and simple editing
such as cropping and resizing.

Examples of Image viewers include: Microsoft Office Picture Manager, Windows Photo
viewer, Picasa photo viewer, etc.

REFERENCE SOFTWARE

Reference software provides valuable and thorough information for all individuals. Popular
reference software includes encyclopedias, dictionaries, health/medical guides, and travel
directories.
Examples include:
Encyclopaedia Britannica 2011 Ultimate Reference DVDMicrosoft Student with Encarta
Premium, e.t.c.
NOTE TAKING SOFTWARE

Note taking software enables users to enter typed text, handwritten comments, drawings, or
sketches anywhere on a page and then save the page as part of a notebook .The software
can convert handwritten comments to typed text or store the notes in handwritten form.
Examples include Microsoft Office OneNote
Text Editors
Text editors are simple word processors that are generally used to type without any special
formatting. Text editors are mainly used to create small notes, memos and programs.
Examples of common text editors are: Notepad,
Notepad++, Sublime Text, Gedit etc.
GAMING SOFTWARE
These are programs developed as electronic game that involve human interaction with a user
interface to generate visual feedback on a computer.
Common computer games include solitaire, chess titans, Racing, StarCraft, Need for Speed,
GTA Vice City, and Alien Shooter.

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 EMAIL SOFTWARE / EMAIL CLIENT

Email software (Commonly known as email client) is a computer program usedto access and
manage a user's email account. Web applications that provide message management,
composition, and reception functions are sometimes alsocommonly referred to as webmail.

Popular locally installed email clients include Microsoft Outlook, Pegasus Mail, Mozilla's
Thunderbird, KMail, Evolution and Apple Mail. Popular web-based email clients include:
GMail, Yahoo! Mail, mail.com, Lycos mail, and Hotmail.

Advantages of off-shelf packages

 They are relatively cheaper than bespoke packages.

 They are readily available for purchase.
 They are user friendly; many have a graphical user interface, sample manuals
provided on purchase.
 The user does not face research and development costs or problems since the package
is already in operation.
 The user faces limited risk since the user has an option to seek information
from existing users about the package before making adecision to purchase.

Disadvantages of off-shelf packages

 They hardly full fill users’ specific needs perfectly.

 They are standardized implying it may be hard to make adjustments.
 They may not be recommended where a particular company wants to gaincompetitive
advantage over others.
 Where the package does too much compared to the company needs, the amount of
extra space occupied in the hardware can lead to memory wastage.
 The package may also be limited to a particular operating system like Microsoft
Office for Windows operating system.
 It may be easy to manufacture viruses that may tamper with suchapplication
programs.

CUSTOMIZED/TAILOR-MADE/BESPOKE PROGRAMS

These are tailor made programs constructed to meet specific user requirements. They are
specifically designed to meet user requirements.

Merits of customized programs

 Ability to satisfy user’s specific needs

 The company will be able to perform tasks with its software that itscompetitors
cannot do with theirs thereby gaining a competitive advantage.
 They can easily be modified or upgraded.
 Ownership is to the company that ordered for the software.

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Disadvantages of customized software

 Time taken to develop the package may be long yet requirements couldbe urgent.
 The cost of paying programmers makes them expensive. The organisation has to incur
development and consultancy costs in this case.
 They are not flexible i.e. not meant to do various tasks.
 They are expensive to maintain. When they breakdown programmers who are expensive
have to be called in
 In-case of breakdown, the company may be brought to a standstill
 There is a greater probability of bugs in bespoke programs.
 They are not compatible with all computer types i.e. they are designed for specific
computer types.
 The program may not run which means that the programmer has to designanother one.
This could even lead to more costs on the side of the user as well as causing delays

Shareware

Shareware is copyrighted software that is distributed at no cost for a trial period. To use a
shareware program beyond that period, you send payment to the program developer. In some
cases, a scaled-down version of the software is distributed free, and payment entitles the user
to the fully functional product.

Copyrighted software

Copyrighted software refers to computer programs with restrictions regarding use,

modification, and redistribution. You have to pay for copyrighted software and must not copy
it without permission from the manufacturer. Copying copyrighted software without paying
for it is clearly unethical and illegal.

Freeware

Freeware is copyrighted software provided at no cost by an individual or a company that retains

all rights to the software. Therefore, other programmers cannot include freeware in applications
they intend to sell.

Open-source

Open source software is software provided for use, modification, and redistribution. This
software has no restrictions from the copyright holder. Open source software usually can be
downloaded from the Web at no cost.

Public-domain software

Public-domain software has been donated for public use and has no copyright restrictions.
Anyone can copy or distribute public domain software to others atno cost.

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Web-based software
Web-based software refers to programs hosted by a Web site. Users access and interact with
Web-based software from any computer or device that is connected to the Internet. Many
Web sites allow free access to their programs; some charge a fee. Examples of Web-based
software include e-mail,
Website builders, online games, travel and mapping software ,e.t.c.
Special Purpose (Specialized) Software
This refers to computer programs developed and dedicated to accomplish particular jobs only.
Programs that run on special purpose computers like ATMsare special purpose software.
Other Examples of specialized software include:
 Business – Transaction and Sales Management software.
 Science and Engineering software etc..
General purpose
This refers to a Wide a variety of application programs that perform manycommon tasks.
• Varieties of General purpose application programs include Word processing programs,
Spreadsheet programs, web browsers, Graphics programs, etc.
SOFTWARE SUITE
A software suite is a collection of several applications that are bundled together and sold or
distributed as a single package. The software programs may have correlative features and
functionality or they may be completely different fromone another but share a similar theme.
When you install the suite, you install the entire collection of applications at once instead of
installing each application individually. At a minimum, suites typically include the following
software applications: word processing, spreadsheet, database, and presentation graphics,
Examples of software suites
 Microsoft Office
 Libre Office Productivity Suite.
 Open Office.Org
 Word Perfect Office X5
 Zoho
 Quickoffice & OfficeSuite
 ProOffice Free 3.0
 KOffice
 Lotus Smart Suite
 Adobe Master Suite

Advantages of using software suites

 Costs significantly cheaper than buying each of the application packageseparately

 Easy to learn and use because applications within a suite usually use a similar interface
and share common features such as clip art and toolbars.
 Easy installation because all the various applications can be installed atonce.

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 CHAPTER FIVE
COMMON TERMINOLOGIES USED IN SOFTWARE

Software needs to be accessed before it can be used. There are many terms used for the process
of accessing software including running, executing, starting up, opening, and others. A program
can also be referred to as an application and the two words are used interchangeably.

Software license

This is a document that provides legally binding guidelines for the use and distribution of
software.

Software agreement

This refers to the legal contact between licensor and /or author and the purchaser of a piece
of software which establishes the purchaser’s’ rights.

Software piracy This is the illegal duplication of copyrighted software.

Software bug refers to an error in the programming code that does not permit it to function
well.

Beta software is a type of software provided to people for testing purposes.

Software release is the process of issuing/letting the software or application for publication, use
and distribution.

Software version refers to variation of an earlier or original type with minor changes to the
existing version or type. Eg. ITunes 12.0, ITunes 12.2.3

Hot fix: This is a software program that is designed to fix a bug or security hole in software
program.

Spy ware: This is a software application that is designed to gather informationabout a person or
organization without their knowledge that may send such information to another entity.

Software Patch: This is a software program that is designed to modify, correct, and fix
problems in software.

Software update: This is a software application that provides fixes for features that are not
working as intended or adds minor software enhancements and compatibility.

Software upgrade: This is a process of replacing a product with a newer version of the same
product.

Firmware: This is a permanent software that is programmed or embedded in ahardware usually

read-only-memory by the manufacturer.

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 CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD COMPUTER SOFTWARE

...provides the required functionality.

...is usable by real (i.e. simple) users.

...is predictable, reliable and dependable.

...functions efficiently.

...has a "life-time" (measured in years).

...provides an appropriate user interface.

...is accompanied by complete documentation.

...can be easily customized/configured.

...can be "easily" maintained and updated.

FACTORS TO CONSIDER BEFORE OBTAINING A SOFTWARE PROGRAM

 Correctness — does the software do what it is suppose to do (according to the

design specs)?
 Robustness — how does the software respond to unexpected conditions (wrong
input)?
 User-friendliness — is the software easy to use by users from the intended
audience?
 Adaptability — how difficult is it to modify the software to adjust to an ever-
changing world?
 Cost effectiveness
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD SOFTWARE
 Suitability. This is the essential Functionality characteristic and refers to the
appropriateness (to specification) of the functions of the software.
 Accurateness. This refers to the correctness of the functions, an ATM may
provide a cash dispensing function but is the amount correct?
 Interoperability. A given software component or system does not typically
function in isolation. It concerns the ability of a software component to interact
with other components or systems.
 Compliance. Where appropriate certain industry (or government) laws and
guidelines need to be complied with. This s addresses the compliant capability of
software.

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 Security. This relates to unauthorized access to the software functions.
 Fault tolerance. The ability of software to withstand (and recover) fromcomponent,
or environmental, failure.
 Understandability. Determines the ease of which the systems functions can be
understood, relates to user mental models in Human Computer Interaction methods.
 Learnability. Learning effort for different users, i.e. novice, expert,casual etc.
 Maintainability. Characterizes the amount of effort to change a system.
 Stability. Characterizes the sensitivity to change of a given system that is the negative
impact that may be caused by system changes.
 Replace ability. Characterizes the plug and play aspect of software
components, that is how easy is it to exchange a given software component
within a specified environment.

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 SUMMARY

Computer software refers to the electronic instructions and procedures that command and control
the operation of a computer. Software tells the computerwhat to do.
There are mainly two types of software.
 System Software e.g. operating system, utility software and translators
 Application software e.g. Microsoft word, Microsoft excel, Microsoft access, etc.
Characteristics of Good Software
 Suitability.
 Accurateness.
 Interoperability.
 Compliance.
 Security.
 Fault Tolerance.
 Understandability.
 Learnability.
 Maintainability.
 Stability.
 Replace Ability.

CONCLUSION
Through this project I have gained some comprehensive knowledge of computer
software. I encourage everyone who comes across this material to study and digest
its contents for better understanding of computer software.

REFERENCE
www, dzplacide.overblog.com
compnote.blogspot.com
inspire.education.gov.ng
Computer Studies of Senior Secondary Education by Hiit Plc

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